List of amphibians of Texas explained

Seventy-two amphibian species are found in the American state of Texas, including forty-four species of frog and twenty-eight species of salamander. Four species are categorized as endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature: the Barton Springs salamander, the Texas blind salamander, the black-spotted newt, and the Houston toad. Furthermore, Texas law protects several native amphibians, designating eleven species as threatened within the state and four others as endangered.^{[1] [2] [3]}

The varied geography of Texas, the second-largest state, hosts a variety of habitats for amphibians, including swamps and the Piney Woods in the east, rocky hills and limestone karst in the central Hill Country of the Edwards Plateau, desert in the south and west, mountains in the far west (the Trans-Pecos), and grassland prairie in the north, also known as the Panhandle. This vast contrast in biomes makes Texas home to a wide variety of herpetofauna.^{[4] [5]} The state's many rivers, including the Rio Grande, the Colorado River, and the Trinity River, also provide diverse aquatic habitats.^{[6] [7]} Its central position in the United States means that species found primarily in either the western or eastern reaches of the country often have their ranges meeting in the state. Additionally, its proximity to Mexico is such that many species found there and into Central America also range as far north as Texas.^[8] Moreover, the karst topography of central Texas has created spring and cave ecosystems inhabited by several endemic species,^[9] such as the cave-dwelling Texas blind salamander.

List of species

	Threatened
	Endangered

Order Anura

Family Bufonidae

Bufonidae is a family of toads, often called the "true toads". Although a widely varied family, Bufonidae includes the stereotypical toad: dry warty skin and shortened forelimbs and hindlimbs. Bufonids also carry potent skin toxins, sometimes concentrated in the parotoid gland.^[10]

Bufonidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Anaxyrus americanus	American toad	Occurs in northeast Texas^[11]	^[12]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Anaxyrus cognatus	Great Plains toad	Found in playa wetlands in the Great Plains area of the state^[13]	^[14]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Anaxyrus debilis	Green toad	Found in eastern Texas^[15]	^[16]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Anaxyrus houstonensis	Houston toad	Found in the southeast counties of Austin, Bastrop, Burleson, Colorado, Lee, Leon, Lavaca, Milam, and Robertson^[17]	^[18]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Anaxyrus punctatus	Red-spotted toad	Found in central and western Texas^[19]	^[20]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Anaxyrus speciosus	Texas toad	Common throughout western two-thirds of Texas, population declining in the Rio Grande Valley^[21]	^[22]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Anaxyrus woodhousii	Woodhouse's toad	Found in central, west and north Texas^[23]	^[24]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Incilius nebulifer	Coastal plains toad	Found along coastal plains, formerly considered the same species as Incilius valliceps^[25]	^[26]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Rhinella marina	Cane toad	Native to extreme southern Texas, invasive species in other parts of the United States^[27]	^[28]

Family Hylidae

Hylidae is a family of frogs which are commonly found in the New World. They may be better known as tree frogs.^[29]

Hylidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Acris blanchardi	Blanchard's cricket frog	Found throughout Texas, except far West Texas and the Panhandle^[30]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Acris crepitans	Northern cricket frog	Found as far west as western Texas^[31]	^[32]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Dryophytes arenicolor	Canyon tree frog	Isolated populations in arid environments and streambanks in Texas^[33]	^[34]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Dryophytes chrysoscelis	Cope's gray tree frog	Documented in east-central Texas^[35]	^[36]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Dryophytes cinereus	Green tree frog	Occurs throughout eastern Texas and as far south as the Rio Grande Valley^[37]	^[38]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Hyla squirella	Squirrel tree frog	Found in eastern Texas^[39]	^[40]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Dryophytes versicolor	Gray tree frog	Found in the eastern-central portion of the state, excluding the most eastern fifth^[41]	^[42]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Pseudacris clarkii	Spotted chorus frog	Found in central Texas^[43]	^[44]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Pseudacris crucifer	Spring peeper	Found in eastern Texas^[45]	^[46]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Pseudacris fouquettei	Cajun chorus frog	Found throughout eastern Texas^[47]	^[48]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Pseudacris streckeri	Strecker's chorus frog	Found throughout eastern Texas^[49]	^[50]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Smilisca baudinii	Mexican tree frog	Southern extreme of Texas^[51]	^[52]

Family Leptodactylidae

Leptodactylidae is a family of frogs found only in the New World. Texas encompasses part of their northern-most distribution. Medium to large frogs, they have robust hindlimbs that make them strong jumpers.^{[53] [54]}

Leptodactylidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Craugastor augusti	Eastern barking frog	Found in western and central Texas and along the Balcones Fault; isolated populations exist in the Trans-Pecos region^[55]	^[56]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides	Rio Grande chirping frog	Native to extreme southern Texas along the lower Rio Grande Valley in Cameron and Hildago counties^[57]	^[58]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eleutherodactylus guttilatus	Spotted chirping frog	Found in the Big Bend region^[59]	^[60]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eleutherodactylus marnockii	Cliff chirping frog	Common in rocky areas of central Texas^[61]	^[62]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eleutherodactylus planirostris	Greenhouse frog	Introduced species found on Galveston Island^[63]	^[64]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Leptodactylus fragilis	Mexican white-lipped frog	Documented in the extreme southern portion of the lower Rio Grande Valley^[65]	^[66]

Family Microhylidae

Microhylidae is a family of frogs. They can often be identified by their tear-dropped shape, hence the common name "narrow-mouthed frogs".^[67]

Microhylidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Gastrophryne carolinensis	Eastern narrowmouth frog	As far west as central Texas^[68]	^[69]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Gastrophryne olivacea	Great Plains narrowmouth frog	Found throughout Texas except for northern Panhandle and western extremes^[70]	^[71]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Hypopachus variolosus	Mexican narrow-mouthed frog	Found in 15 counties in southern Texas^[72]	^[73]

Family Ranidae

Ranidae, true frogs, are the largest family of frogs. Members of this family, called Ranids, typically have robust hindlimbs, toe webbing, and an aquatic tadpole stage.^[74]

Ranidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Lithobates areolatus	Crawfish frog	Once found throughout eastern Texas, now limited to two populations near coast^[75]	^[76]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Lithobates berlandieri	Rio Grande leopard frog	Occur in central and western areas of the state^[77]	^[78]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Lithobates blairi	Plains leopard frog	Distribution includes northern Texas^[79]	^[80]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Lithobates catesbeianus	Bullfrog	Occurs throughout most of Texas^[81]	^[82]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Lithobates clamitans	Green frog	Throughout eastern Texas	^[83]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Lithobates grylio	Pig frog	Galveston Bay and Gulf Coastal Plain to the east^[84]	^[85]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Lithobates palustris	Pickerel frog	Found throughout eastern Texas^[86]	^[87]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Lithobates sphenocephala	Southern leopard frog	Common in the eastern third of Texas^[88]	^[89]

Family Rhinophrynidae

Rhinophrynidae are a family of frogs containing only one extant genus, the monotypic Rhinophrynus.^[90] Rhinophrynus is a burrowing ant and termite eater, hence the common name "burrowing frog".^[91]

Family Scaphiopodidae

Scaphiopodidae are a family of frogs. Commonly called spadefoot frogs, they are often inconspicuously coloured. Members of this family are predominantly fossorial, living underground until rain arrives. To aid in digging, they have keratinized protrusions on their feet.^[94]

Scaphiopodidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Scaphiopus couchii	Couch's spadefoot toad	Central Texas^[95]	^[96]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Scaphiopus hurterii	Hurter's spadefoot toad	Inhabits freshwater areas of Texan forest, shrubland, grassland, and wetlands	^[97]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Spea bombifrons	Plains spadefoot toad	Found in the arid plains of northwest Texas; isolated populations also exist in south Texas^[98]	^[99]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Spea multiplicata	New Mexico spadefoot toad	Found in central Texas^[100]	^[101]

Order Urodela

Family Amphiumidae

Amphiumidae are a family of salamanders. Members of the family are known as amphiumas.^[102] These large salamanders are often mistaken for eels, hence the colloquial name "conger eels".^{[103] [104]} Completely aquatic, these long salamanders can survive droughts by forming a mucous cocoon underground. They can live without food for up to three years and may live for almost 30 years.^[105]

Family Salamandridae

Salamandridae are a family of salamanders. Most members, called salamandrids, produce a potent toxin in their skin. Salamandrids typically have patterns of bright and contrasting colors, usually to warn potential predators of their toxicity. They have four well-developed limbs.^{[108] [109]}

Salamandridae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Notophthalmus meridionalis	Black-spotted newt	Found in southern Texas^[110]	^[111]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Notophthalmus viridescens	Eastern newt	Native to eastern Texas^[112]	^[113]

Family Ambystomatidae

Ambystomatidae is a family of mostly terrestrial salamanders. Commonly called "mole salamanders", most members of this family live in rodent burrows, only emerging on rainy nights to mate and feed. These relatively large salamanders also typically have mass migrations to mating ponds.^[114]

Ambystomatidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Ambystoma maculatum	Spotted salamander	Found near stagnant water in hardwood and mixed forests^[115]	^[116]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Ambystoma mavortium	Barred tiger salamander	Distributed throughout Texas except eastern quarter^[117]	^[118]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Ambystoma opacum	Marbled salamander	Found throughout East Texas, from Red River south to the Gulf of Mexico^[119]	^[120]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Ambystoma talpoideum	Mole salamander	Found in the Gulf Coastal Plain of east Texas^[121]	^[122]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Ambystoma texanum	Smallmouth salamander	Eastern Texas^[123]	^[124]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Ambystoma tigrinum	Eastern tiger salamander	Distributed throughout Texas except eastern quarter	^[125]

Family Plethodontidae

Plethodontidae are a family of salamanders found mostly in the Western Hemisphere; however, some species are found in Southern Europe and South Korea. They are the largest group of salamanders.^[126] Several species of salamanders are endemic to specific cave systems in Texas. Due to their small habitat and specified role, many are threatened or endangered.^{[127] [128]} In 2019, researchers associated with the University of Texas Austin and Texas Parks and Wildlife announced the discovery of an additional three species of spring and cave dwelling salamanders in the Eurycea genus that are yet to be named.^[129]

Plethodontidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Desmognathus auriculatus	Southern dusky salamander	As far east as the Trinity River Basin^[130]	^[131]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea latitans	Cascade Caverns salamander	Endemic to the Cascade Caverns of central Texas and other cave systems in close proximity^[132]	^[133]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea nana	San Marcos salamander	Found only in the San Marcos River in Hays County^[134]	^[135]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea naufragia	Georgetown salamander	Endemic to area northeast of the Colorado River in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas^[136]	^[137]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea neotenes	Texas salamander	Spring and cave systems in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas^[138]	^[139]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea quadridigitata	Dwarf salamander	Found in eastern Texas^[140]	^[141]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea rathbuni	Texas blind salamander	Only lives in water-filled caves in the Edwards Plateau in Hays County^[142]	^[143]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea robusta	Blanco blind salamander	Unknown, single specimen found in subterranean system under Blanco River in Hays County^[144]	^[145]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea chisholmensis	Salado Springs salamander	Endemic to area northeast of the Colorado River in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas^[146]	^[147]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea sosorum	Barton Springs salamander	Found only at outlets of Barton Springs in Zilker Park, Austin^[148]	^[149]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea tonkawae	Jollyville Plateau salamander	Endemic to the Buttercup Cave system near Austin^[150]	^[151]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea tridentifera	Comal blind salamander	Endemic to Honey Creek Cave in Comal County and other caves in Cibolo Sinkhole Plain^[152]	^[153]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea troglodytes	Valdina Farms salamander	Endemic to springs and cave systems in the counties of Bandera, Edwards, western Kerr, Medina, Real, and Uvalde^[154]	^[155]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Eurycea waterlooensis	Austin blind salamander	Known only from outflows of Barton Springs in Austin^[156]	^[157]
Eurycea pterophila		This species inhabits springs within the watershed of the Blanco River^[158]	^[159]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Plethodon albagula	Western slimy salamander	Disjunct, and genetically divergent, populations in central, southeastern, and northeastern Texas^[160] ^[161]	^[162]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Plethodon serratus	Southern red-backed salamander	Although there are several populations throughout the southeast US, this species is only known in Texas from a single specimen collect in Nacogdoches County in 1940^[163]	^[164]

Family Sirenidae

Sirenidae are a family of aquatic salamanders only found in northern Mexico and the Southeastern United States.^[165] Family members, called sirens, have very small forelimbs and lack hind limbs altogether. Sirens are generally regarded as the most primitive extant salamanders.^[166]

Sirenidae

Species	Common name	Distribution	Status	Image
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Siren intermedia nettingi	Western lesser siren	Found in east and southeast Texas, as well as in the Rio Grande Valley^[167]	^[168]
!scope="row" style="background:#ffffff"	Siren intermedia texana	Rio Grande lesser siren	Occurs in south Texas^[169]

Family Proteidae

Proteidae are a family of aquatic salamanders only found in North America and Europe. Some members are called mudpuppies, waterdogs, or olms. They are paedomorphic and exhibit laterally compressed tail fins and the red, filamentous external gills.^[170] Only one species of Proteidae is found in Texas.

See also

• Geography of Texas
• List of birds of Texas
• List of mammals of Texas
• List of reptiles of Texas

Notes and references

References

External links

• Endangered and Threatened Species found in Texas
• References for Amphibian Identification provided by the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department

Notes and References

1. Web site: Federal and State Listed Amphibians and Reptiles in Texas. Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. September 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200309123211/https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/wildlife_diversity/nongame/listed-species/amphibians-reptiles.phtml. March 9, 2020. live.
2. Web site: 31 TAC §65.175: State‐Listed Threatened Species in Texas. Government of Texas. September 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927183134/https://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/fids/202001043-1.pdf. September 27, 2020. live.
3. Web site: 31 TAC §65.176: Endangered Species. Government of Texas. September 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927183045/https://texreg.sos.state.tx.us/fids/202001043-2.pdf. September 27, 2020. live.
4. Web site: Native Habitats & Ecosystems. National Audubon Society. 17 December 2015 . October 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20180316175949/http://tx.audubon.org/conservation/native-habitats-ecosystems. March 16, 2018. live.
5. Web site: Ecoregion Download Files by State – Region 6. Environmental Protection Agency. 9 March 2016 . October 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200725015543/https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/ecoregion-download-files-state-region-6. July 25, 2020. live.
6. Web site: Texas River Guide. Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. October 3, 2020. September 29, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200929084626/https://tpwd.texas.gov/landwater/water/habitats/rivers/. live.
7. Web site: Texas. National Wild and Scenic Rivers System. October 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20181002202643/https://www.rivers.gov/texas.php. October 2, 2018. live.
8. Web site: Texas Ecoregions. Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. October 3, 2020. November 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201105010953/https://tpwd.texas.gov/education/hunter-education/online-course/wildlife-conservation/texas-ecoregions. live.
9. Web site: Overview of Texas Caves & Karst. Texas Speleological Survey. October 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20190921210421/https://texasspeleologicalsurvey.org/karst_caving/texas_karst.php. September 21, 2019. live.
10. Web site: Bufonidae. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. October 3, 2020. September 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200924082103/https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Bufonidae.shtml. live.
11. Web site: Anaxyrus americanus. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20191222005100/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/100. December 22, 2019. live.
12. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Anaxyrus americanus. 2015. e.T54570A56843565. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T54570A56843565.en.
13. Web site: Anaxyrus cognatus. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20170109122810/http://amphibiaweb.org/species/145. January 9, 2017. live.
14. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Anaxyrus cognatus. 2015. e.T54612A53949260. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T54612A53949260.en.
15. Web site: Anaxyrus debilis. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 14, 2020. October 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201024234604/https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Anaxyrus&where-species=debilis. live.
16. Hammerson. G.. Santos-Barrera. G.. Anaxyrus debilis. 2004. e.T54626A11177308. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54626A11177308.en.
17. Web site: Houston Toad (Anaxyrus houstonensis). Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. September 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200309040745/https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/htoad/. March 9, 2020. live.
18. Hammerson. G.. Shepard. D.. Anaxyrus houstonensis. 2004. e.T3170A9651352. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T3170A9651352.en.
19. Web site: Anaxyrus punctatus. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20170601210032/http://amphibiaweb.org/species/260. June 1, 2017. live.
20. Hammerson. G.. Santos-Barrera. G.. Anaxyrus punctatus. 2010. e.T54739A11197415. 2010. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T54739A11197415.en.
21. Web site: Anaxyrus speciosus. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20180408010131/https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Anaxyrus&where-species=speciosus. April 8, 2018. live.
22. Hammerson. G.. Santos-Barrera. G.. Anaxyrus speciosus. 2004. e.T54761A11186095. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54761A11186095.en.
23. Web site: Woodhouse's Toad. Herps of Texas. September 18, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200222192415/https://www.herpsoftexas.org/content/woodhouses-toad. February 22, 2020. live.
24. Hammerson. G.. Santos-Barrera. G.. Anaxyrus woodhousii. 2004. e.T54798A11195037. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54798A11195037.en.
25. Web site: Incilius valliceps. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20160402065204/http://amphibiaweb.org/species/305. April 2, 2016. live.
26. Hammerson. G.. Canseco-Márquez. Luis. Incilius nebulifer. 2004. e.T54714A11190630. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T54714A11190630.en.
27. Web site: Rhinella marina. United States Geological Survey. September 14, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200513024349/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=48. May 13, 2020. live.
28. Solís. F.. Ibáñez. R.. Hammerson. G.. Hedges. B.. Diesmos. A.. Matsui. M.. Hero. J.. Richards. S.. Coloma. L.. Ron. S.. La Marca. E.. Hardy. J.. Powell. R.. Bolaños. F.. Chaves. G.. Ponce. P.. Rhinella marina. 2009. e.T41065A10382424. 2009. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T41065A10382424.en.
29. Web site: Hylidae. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 13, 2020. May 3, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200503120755/https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Hylidae.shtml. live.
30. Web site: Northern Cricket Frog, Acris crepitans. US Geological Survey. September 15, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20120527143010/http://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/resource/herps/amphibid/species/crepitan.htm. May 27, 2012. live.
31. Web site: Acris crepitans. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 15, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200916222911/https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Acris&where-species=crepitans. September 16, 2020. live.
32. Hammerson. G.. Santos-Barrera. G.. Church. D.. Acris crepitans. 2004. e.T55286A11272584. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T55286A11272584.en.
33. Web site: Hyla arenicolor. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. October 2, 2020. October 27, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201027032926/https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Hyla&where-species=arenicolor. live.
34. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. . 2022 . Dryophytes arenicolor . 2022 . e.T55396A53952785 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-1.RLTS.T55396A53952785.en . 3 July 2024.
35. Web site: Hyla chrysoscelis. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20160403023059/http://amphibiaweb.org/species/76. April 3, 2016. live.
36. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Dryophytes chrysoscelis. 2017. e.T55448A112712686. 2017. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T55448A112712686.en.
37. Web site: Hyla cinerea. United States Geological Survey. September 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20170528035245/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=53. May 28, 2017. live.
38. Hammerson. G.A.. Hedges. B.. Dryophytes cinereus. 2017. e.T55449A112713111. 2017. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T55449A112713111.en.
39. Web site: Hyla squirella. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 20, 2020. September 23, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200923171441/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/965. live.
40. Hammerson. G.A.. Hedges. B.. Dryophytes squirellus. 2017. e.T55662A112715025. 2017. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T55662A112715025.en.
41. Web site: Hyla versicolor. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 20, 2020. August 4, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200804175438/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/989. live.
42. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Dryophytes versicolor. 2017. e.T55687A112715618. 2017. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T55687A112715618.en.
43. Web site: Pseudacris clarkii. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 20, 2020. April 15, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160415171254/http://amphibiaweb.org/species/1054. live.
44. Santos-Barrera. G.. Hammerson. G.. Pseudacris clarkii. 2008. e.T55891A11374325. 2008. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T55891A11374325.en.
45. Web site: Pseudacris crucifer. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 13, 2020. January 14, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170114115922/http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Pseudacris&where-species=crucifer&account=amphibiaweb. live.
46. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Pseudacris crucifer. 2015. e.T55892A78908468. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T55892A78908468.en.
47. Web site: Pseudacris fouquettei. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. October 9, 2020. October 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201011104038/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/7059. live.
48. Hammerson. G.. Pseudacris fouquettei. 2008. e.T135819A4205926. 2008. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T135819A4205926.en.
49. Web site: Pseudacris streckeri. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 21, 2020. October 1, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201001215553/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1060. live.
50. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Pseudacris streckeri. 2015. e.T55898A64942609. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T55898A64942609.en.
51. Web site: Smilisca baudinii. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 13, 2020. December 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201205225846/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/1164. live.
52. Hammerson. G.. Wilson. L.D.. Santos-Barrera. G.. Chaves. G.. Bolaños. F.. Ponce-Campos. P.. Smilisca baudinii . 2010. e.T56006A11405400. 2010. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T56006A11405400.en.
53. Web site: Leptodactylidae. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. October 6, 2020. October 25, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201025060256/https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Leptodactylidae.shtml. live.
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55. Web site: Craugastor augusti. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 20, 2020. April 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160405035956/http://amphibiaweb.org/species/2784. live.
56. Hammerson. G.. Santos-Barrera. G.. Ponce-Campos. P.. Craugastor augusti. 2010. e.T56438A11478221. 2010. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T56438A11478221.en.
57. Web site: Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides. United States Geological Survey. September 19, 2020. September 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200921072835/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=64. live.
58. Hammerson. G.. Santos-Barrera. G.. Canseco-Márquez. Luis. Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides. 2004. e.T56547A11495468. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T56547A11495468.en.
59. Web site: Eleutherodactylus guttilatus. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 19, 2020. October 27, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161027095312/http://amphibiaweb.org/species/2956. live.
60. Hammerson. G.. Santos-Barrera. G.. Canseco-Márquez. Luis. Eleutherodactylus guttilatus. 2010. e.T56643A11512947. 2010. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T56643A11512947.en.
61. Web site: Eleutherodactylus marnockii. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20160917134945/http://amphibiaweb.org/species/3043. September 17, 2016. live.
62. Hammerson. G.. Eleutherodactylus marnockii. 2010. e.T56744A11529774. 2010. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T56744A11529774.en.
63. Web site: Greenhouse Frog. Herps of Texas. October 9, 2020. January 21, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200121234806/http://www.herpsoftexas.org/content/greenhouse-frog. live.
64. Hedges. B.. Díaz. L.. Powell. R.. Eleutherodactylus planirostris. 2004. e.T56864A11534006. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T56864A11534006.en.
65. Web site: Leptodactylus fragilis. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20191011125328/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/3333. October 11, 2019. live.
66. Heyer. R.. Acosta-Galvis. A.. Mijares. A.. Solís. F.. Ibáñez. R.. Hammerson. G.. Savage. J.. Wilson. L.D.. Bolaños. F.. Chaves. G.. Sunyer. J.. Leptodactylus fragilis. 2010. e.T57127A11587519. 2010. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T57127A11587519.en.
67. Web site: Microhylidae. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. October 3, 2020. August 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200819174749/https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Microhylidae.shtml. live.
68. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group . 2014 . Gastrophryne carolinensis . 2014 . e.T57813A64207043 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T57813A64207043.en . 19 November 2021.
69. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Gastrophryne carolinensis. 2014. e.T57813A64207043. 2014. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T57813A64207043.en.
70. Web site: Gastrophryne olivacea. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200913181647/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/2124. September 13, 2020. live.
71. Santos-Barrera. G.. Hammerson. G.. Gastrophryne olivacea. 2004. e.T57815A11687076. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T57815A11687076.en.
72. Web site: Hypopachus variolosus. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20160405085742/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/2137. April 5, 2016. live.
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74. Web site: Ranidae. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. October 8, 2020. September 23, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200923101937/https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Ranidae.shtml. live.
75. Kwiatkowski. Matthew A.. Saenz. Daniel. Hibbitts. Toby. Habitat Use and Movement Patterns of the Southern Crawfish Frog (Rana areolata). Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. 2. September 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20190907183358/https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/wildlife_diversity/nongame/grants-research/media/TX_T-109-1_Crawfish_Frog.pdf. September 7, 2019. live.
76. Hammerson. G.. Parris. M.. Lithobates areolatus. 2004. e.T58546A11799946. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T58546A11799946.en.
77. Web site: Rana berlandieri. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200605204319/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/4990. June 5, 2020. live.
78. Santos-Barrera. Georgina. Hammerson. G.. Köhler. G.. Wilson. L.. Lee. J.. Vázquez. R.C.. Lithobates berlandieri. 2010. e.T58561A11804296. 2010. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T58561A11804296.en.
79. Web site: Rana blairi. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 13, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20191016210229/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/4991. October 16, 2019. live.
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81. Web site: Rana catesbeiana. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200405100119/https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Rana&where-species=catesbeiana&account=amphibiaweb. April 5, 2020. live.
82. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Lithobates catesbeianus. 2015. e.T58565A53969770. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58565A53969770.en.
83. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Lithobates clamitans. 2015. e.T58578A64412670. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58578A64412670.en.
84. Web site: Rana grylio. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20191016205210/https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Rana&where-species=grylio&account=amphibiaweb. October 16, 2019. live.
85. Hedges. B.. Joglar. R.. Hammerson. G. A.. Lithobates grylio . 2008. e.T58611A11810060. 2008. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T58611A11810060.en.
86. Web site: Rana palustris. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 20, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20160427041338/http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Rana&where-species=palustris&account=amphibiaweb. April 27, 2016. live.
87. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Lithobates palustris. 2015. e.T58690A78908960. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T58690A78908960.en.
88. Web site: Southern Leopard Frog (Rana sphenocephala). Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. September 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200309041606/https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/southernleopardfrog/. March 9, 2020. live.
89. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Lithobates sphenocephalus. 2014. e.T58723A64647484. 2014. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-3.RLTS.T58723A64647484.en.
90. Web site: Rhinophrynidae Günther, 1859. Frost. Darrel R.. 2016. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. October 6, 2020. August 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809150430/http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Anura/Rhinophrynidae. live.
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92. Web site: Rhinophrynus dorsalis. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20190503150510/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/4319. May 3, 2019. live.
93. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group.. Rhinophrynus dorsalis. 2020. e.T59040A53972326. 2020. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-1.RLTS.T59040A53972326.en.
94. Web site: Scaphiopodidae. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. October 9, 2020. October 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201030092703/https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Scaphiopodidae.shtml. live.
95. Web site: Scaphiopus couchii. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 13, 2020. November 2, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201102224802/https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Scaphiopus&where-species=couchii#:~:text=Couch's%20spadefoot%20toads%20(Scaphiopus%20couchii,%2C%201985%3B%20Conant%20and%20Collins%2C. live.
96. Santos-Barrera. G.. Hammerson. G.. Scaphiopus couchii. 2004. e.T59041A11874119. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59041A11874119.en.
97. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Scaphiopus hurterii. 2015. e.T59043A53972574. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T59043A53972574.en.
98. Web site: Spea bombifrons. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008192205/https://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Spea&where-species=bombifrons&account=amphibiaweb%23%3A~%3Atext%3DSpea+bombifrons+is+native+to%2Cisolated+populations+in+south+Texas. October 8, 2020. live.
99. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Spea bombifrons. 2015. e.T59044A53972679. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T59044A53972679.en.
100. Web site: Spea multiplicata. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20190901001522/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/5281. September 1, 2019. live.
101. Santos-Barrera. G.. Hammerson. G.. Ponce-Campos. P.. Spea multiplicata. 2010. e.T59047A11875070. 2010. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-2.RLTS.T59047A11875070.en.
102. Web site: Amphiumidae Gray, 1825. Frost. Darrel R.. 2018. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. October 6, 2020. April 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190420074509/http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/Amphibia/Caudata/Amphiumidae. live.
103. Web site: Two-toed Amphiuma. Museum of Natural History. University of Georgia. October 7, 2020. October 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201009115555/http://fishesofgeorgia.uga.edu/gawildlife/index.php?page=speciespages%2Fspecies_page&key=ameans. live.
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106. Web site: Amphiuma tridactylum. United States Geological Survey. September 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20170606140503/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?SpeciesID=2863. June 6, 2017. live.
107. Hammerson. G.. Amphiuma tridactylum. 2004. e.T59076A11879742. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59076A11879742.en.
108. Book: Cogger, H.G. . Zweifel, R.G.. Lanza, B.. Vanni, S.. Nistri, A.. 1998. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. Academic Press. San Diego. 73–74. 978-0-12-178560-4.
109. Web site: Salamandridae. Amphibiaweb. University of California, Berkeley. October 7, 2020. April 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200410015522/https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Salamandridae.shtml. live.
110. Web site: Notophthalmus meridionalis. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20170925160608/http://amphibiaweb.org/species/4263. September 25, 2017. live.
111. Parra-Olea. G.. Wake. D.. Hammerson. G. A.. Flores-Villela. O.. Irwin. K.. Notophthalmus meridionalis. 2008. e.T59452A11944420. 2008. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T59452A11944420.en.
112. Web site: Notophthalmus viridescen. United States Geological Survey. September 12, 2020. December 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201205225847/https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=3251. live.
113. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Notophthalmus viridescens. 2015. e.T59453A78906143. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T59453A78906143.en.
114. Web site: Ambystomatidae. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. October 7, 2020. October 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201009091926/https://amphibiaweb.org/lists/Ambystomatidae.shtml. live.
115. Web site: Spotted Salamander. National Wildlife Federation. September 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200803180048/https://www.nwf.org/Educational-Resources/Wildlife-Guide/Amphibians/Spotted-Salamander. August 3, 2020. live.
116. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Ambystoma maculatum. 2015. e.T59064A56540295. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T59064A56540295.en.
117. Web site: Barred Tiger Salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum mavortium). Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. September 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200502193924/https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/tigersal/. May 2, 2020. live.
118. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group.. Ambystoma mavortium. 2015. e.T199970A2623523. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T199970A2623523.en.
119. Web site: Marbled Salamander (Ambystoma opacum). Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. September 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200309041117/https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/marbledsalamander/. March 9, 2020. live.
120. Hammerson. G.. Ambystoma opacum. 2004. e.T59065A11864879. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59065A11864879.en.
121. Web site: Ambystoma talpoideum. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 12, 2020. December 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201205225847/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/3847. live.
122. Hammerson. G.. Ambystoma talpoideum. 2004. e.T59069A11878224. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59069A11878224.en.
123. Web site: Ambystoma texanum. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200926210125/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/3849. September 26, 2020. live.
124. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group.. Ambystoma texanum. 2015. e.T59071A56561668. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T59071A56561668.en.
125. IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group. Ambystoma tigrinum. 2015. e.T83293207A3076038. 2015. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T83293207A3076038.en.
126. Web site: Taxonomy of Salamanders of the Family Plethodontidae (Amphibia: Caudata). Wake. David B.. 2012. University of California, Berkeley. September 12, 2020. March 18, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160318065846/http://ib.berkeley.edu/labs/wake/386-Wake_Zootaxa_12.pdf. live.
127. Web site: Salamanders. AustinTexas.gov. September 13, 2020. September 27, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927041457/http://austintexas.gov/department/salamanders. live.
128. News: January 14, 2019. Central Texas Salamanders, Including Newly Identified Species, At Risk of Extinction. UT News. University of Texas at Austin. September 13, 2020. August 9, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200809005219/https://news.utexas.edu/2019/01/14/central-texas-salamanders-including-newly-identified-species-at-risk-of-extinction/. live.
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130. Web site: Desmognathus auriculatus. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 13, 2020. September 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170915220937/http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Desmognathus&where-species=auriculatus. live.
131. Hammerson. G.. Desmognathus auriculatus. 2004. e.T59245A11905977. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59245A11905977.en.
132. Web site: Eurycea latitans. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 12, 2020. December 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201205225847/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/5374. live.
133. Hammerson. G.. Chippindale. P.. Eurycea latitans. 2004. e.T59267A11895685. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59267A11895685.en.
134. Web site: San Marcos Salamander (Eurycea nana). Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. September 12, 2020. September 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200910105205/https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/sanmarcossalamander/. live.
135. Hammerson. G.. Chippindale. P.. Eurycea nana. 2004. e.T8391A12909269. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T8391A12909269.en.
136. Web site: Eurycea naufragia. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. October 9, 2020. April 3, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160403010108/http://amphibiaweb.org/species/5377. live.
137. Hammerson. G.. Chippindale. P.. Eurycea naufragia. 2004. e.T59271A11908207. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59271A11908207.en.
138. Web site: Eurycea neotenes. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 12, 2020. December 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201205225849/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/4056. live.
139. Hammerson. G.. Chippindale. P.. Eurycea neotenes. 2004. e.T59272A11908327. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59272A11908327.en.
140. Web site: Eurycea quadridigitata. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 12, 2020. September 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170915221042/http://amphibiaweb.org/cgi/amphib_query?where-genus=Eurycea&where-species=quadridigitata. live.
141. Hammerson. G.. Eurycea quadridigitata. 2004. e.T59274A11908511. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59274A11908511.en.
142. Web site: Texas Blind Salamander (Eurycea rathbuni). Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. September 12, 2020. September 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200910105457/https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/blindsal/. live.
143. Hammerson. G.. Chippindale. P.. Eurycea rathbuni. 2004. e.T39262A10173274. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T39262A10173274.en.
144. Web site: Eurycea robusta. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. September 13, 2020. December 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201205225917/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/4218. live.
145. Hammerson. G.. Chippindale. P.. Eurycea robusta. 2004. e.T39263A10173057. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T39263A10173057.en.
146. Web site: Eurycea chisholmensis. AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. October 9, 2020. December 5, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201205225934/https://amphibiaweb.org/species/5378. live.
147. Hammerson. G.. Chippindale. P.. Eurycea chisholmensis. 2004. e.T59263A11894535. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T59263A11894535.en.
148. Web site: Barton Springs Salamander (Eurycea sosorum). Texas Parks & Wildlife Department. September 12, 2020. September 10, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200910104831/https://tpwd.texas.gov/huntwild/wild/species/bartonspringssalamander/. live.
149. Hammerson. G.. Chippindale. P.. Eurycea sosorum. 2004. e.T8392A12909469. 2004. 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2004.RLTS.T8392A12909469.en.
150. Web site: Jollyville Salamander: Frequently Asked Questions. Austintexas.gov. September 13, 2020. September 24, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200924111019/http://www.austintexas.gov/content/1361/faq/4646. live.
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