This is a checklist of amphibians found in Northern America, based mainly on publications by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also for example in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site. It includes all species of Bermuda, Canada, Greenland, Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and the United States
* alien species
Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.
Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:
– extinct, – extinct in the wild
– critically endangered, – endangered, – vulnerable
– near threatened, – least concern
– data deficient, – not evaluated
(v. 2013.2, the data are current as of March 5, 2014)and Endangered Species Act:
– endangered, – threatened
, – experimental nonessential or essential population
, – endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance
(the data are current as of March 28, 2014)
Hellbender, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis
(Ozark hellbender, C. a. bishopi:)
Eastern newts
Black-spotted newt, Notophthalmus meridionalis
Striped newt, Notophthalmus perstriatus
Eastern newt, Notophthalmus viridescens
Pacific newts
Rough-skinned newt, Taricha granulosa
Red-bellied newt, Taricha rivularis
Sierra newt, Taricha sierrae
California newt, Taricha torosa
Web-toed salamanders
Limestone salamander, Hydromantes brunus
Mount Lyell salamander, Hydromantes platycephalus
Samwel Shasta salamander, Hydromantes samweli
Shasta salamander, Hydromantes shastae
Wintu Shasta salamander, Hydromantes wintu
Climbing salamanders
Green salamander, Aneides aeneus
Hickory Nut Gorge green salamander, Aneides caryaensis
Clouded salamander, Aneides ferreus
Speckled black salamander, Aneides flavipunctatus and:
Santa Cruz black salamander, Aneides (flavipunctatus) niger
Shasta salamander, Aneides iecanus
Sacramento Mountains salamander, Aneides hardii
Klamath black salamander, Aneides klamathensis
Arboreal salamander, Aneides lugubris
Wandering salamander, Aneides vagrans
Dusky salamanders
Seepage salamander, Desmognathus aeneus
Holbrook's southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus auriculatus and:
Carolina swamp dusky salamander, Desmognathus valtos
Valentine's southern dusky salamander, Desmognathus valentinei and:
Pascagoula dusky salamander, Desmognathus pascagoula
Ouachita dusky salamander, Desmognathus brimleyorum
Northern dusky salamander, Desmognathus fuscus and:
Spotted dusky salamander, Desmognathus conanti
Flat-headed salamander, Desmognathus planiceps
Imitator salamander, Desmognathus imitator
Desmognathus marmoratus/Desmognathus 'quadramaculatus complex:
Shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus marmoratus and:
Golden shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus aureatus
Black shovel-nosed salamander, Desmognathus melanius
Central shovel-nosed dusky salamander, Desmognathus intermedius
Species split from the former black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus quadramaculatus
(complex of "black-bellied salamanders"):
Dwarf black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus folkertsi
Nantahala black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus amphileucus
Cherokee blackbellied salamander, Desmognathus gvnigeusgwotli
Kanawha blackbellied salamander, Desmognathus kanawha
Pisgah black-bellied salamander, Desmognathus mavrokoilius
Seal salamander, Desmognathus monticola
Desmognathus ochrophaeus complex:
Mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus and:
Cumberland dusky salamander, Desmognathus abditus
Carolina mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus carolinensis
Ocoee salamander, Desmognathus ocoee and:
Cherokee mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus adatsihi
Great Balsams mountain dusky salamander, Desmognathus balsameus
Tallulah salamander, Desmognathus perlapsus
Blue Ridge dusky salamander, Desmognathus orestes
Apalachicola dusky salamander, Desmognathus apalachicolae
Northern pygmy salamander, Desmognathus organi
Santeetlah dusky salamander, Desmognathus santeetlah
Black mountain salamander, Desmognathus welteri
Pygmy salamander, Desmognathus wrighti
Ensatina
Ensatina, Ensatina eschscholtzii
Red Hills salamander
Red Hills salamander, Phaeognathus hubrichti
Woodland salamanders
Ainsworth's salamander or Bay Springs salamander, Plethodon ainsworthi
Western slimy salamander, Plethodon albagula
Blue Ridge gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon amplus
Ozark zigzag salamander, Plethodon angusticlavius
Scott Bar salamander, Plethodon asupak
Tellico salamander, Plethodon aureolus
Caddo Mountain salamander, Plethodon caddoensis
Chattahoochee slimy salamander, Plethodon chattahoochee
Cheoah Bald salamander, Plethodon cheoah
Atlantic Coast slimy salamander, Plethodon chlorobryonis
Red-backed salamander or eastern red-backed salamander, Plethodon cinereus
White-spotted slimy salamander, Plethodon cylindraceus
Northern zigzag salamander, Plethodon dorsalis
Dunn's salamander, Plethodon dunni
Northern ravine salamander, Plethodon electromorphus
Del Norte salamander, Plethodon elongatus
Fourche Mountain salamander, Plethodon fourchensis
Northern slimy salamander, Plethodon glutinosus and:
Southeastern slimy salamander, Plethodon grobmani
Mississippi slimy salamander, Plethodon mississippi
Valley and ridge salamander, Plethodon hoffmani
Peaks of Otter salamander, Plethodon hubrichti
Coeur d'Alene salamander, Plethodon idahoensis
Red-cheeked salamander, Plethodon jordani
Cumberland Plateau salamander, Plethodon kentucki
Kiamichi slimy salamander, Plethodon kiamichi
Louisiana slimy salamander, Plethodon kisatchie
Larch Mountain salamander, Plethodon larselli
South Mountain graycheeked salamander, Plethodon meridianus
Southern gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon metcalfi
Northern gray-cheeked salamander, Plethodon montanus
Jemez Mountains salamander, Plethodon neomexicanus
Cheat Mountain salamander, Plethodon nettingi
Ocmulgee slimy salamander, Plethodon ocmulgee
Rich Mountain salamander, Plethodon ouachitae
Pigeon Mountain salamander, Plethodon petraeus
White-spotted salamander, Plethodon punctatus
Ravine salamander or southern ravine salamander, Plethodon richmondi
Savannah slimy salamander, Plethodon savannah
Sequoyah slimy salamander, Plethodon sequoyah
Southern red-backed salamander, Plethodon serratus
Shenandoah salamander, Plethodon shenandoah
Big Levels salamander, Plethodon sherando
Red-legged salamander, Plethodon shermani
Siskiyou Mountains salamander, Plethodon stormi
Southern Appalachian salamander, Plethodon teyahalee
Van Dyke's salamander, Plethodon vandykei
South Carolina slimy salamander, Plethodon variolatus
Western redback salamander, Plethodon vehiculum
Southern zigzag salamander, Plethodon ventralis
Shenandoah Mountain salamander, Plethodon virginia
Webster's salamander, Plethodon websteri
Wehrle's salamander, Plethodon wehrlei and:
Dixie Caverns salamander, Plethodon dixi
Blacksburg salamander, Plethodon jacksoni
Yellow-spotted woodland salamander, Plethodon pauleyi
Weller's salamander, Plethodon welleri
Yonahlossee salamander, Plethodon yonahlossee
Patch-nosed salamander, Urspelerpes brucei
Brook salamanders
Two-lined salamander (Eurycea bislineata) complex:
Northern two-lined salamander, Eurycea bislineata
Brown-backed salamander, Eurycea aquatica
Junaluska salamander, Eurycea junaluska
Blue Ridge two-lined salamander, Eurycea wilderae
Southern two-lined salamander, Eurycea cirrigera and:
Carolina sandhills salamander, Eurycea arenicola
Salado Springs salamander, Eurycea chisholmensis
Three-lined salamander, Eurycea guttolineata
Cascade Caverns salamander, Eurycea latitans and:
Comal blind salamander, Eurycea tridentifera
Long-tailed salamander, Eurycea longicauda
Cave salamander, Eurycea lucifuga
Eurycea multiplicata complex:
Many-ribbed salamander, Eurycea multiplicata
Grotto salamander, Eurycea spelaea and:
Southern grotto salamander, Eurycea braggi
Northern grotto salamander, Eurycea nerea
Ouachita streambed salamander, Eurycea subfluvicola
Oklahoma salamander, Eurycea tynerensis
San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana
Georgetown salamander, Eurycea naufragia
Texas salamander, Eurycea neotenes
Blanco River Springs salamander, Eurycea pterophila
Eurycea quadridigitata complex:
Southeastern dwarf salamander, Eurycea quadridigitata
Chamberlain's dwarf salamander, Eurycea chamberlaini
Hillis's dwarf salamander, Eurycea hillisi
Western dwarf salamander, Eurycea paludicola
Bog dwarf salamander, Eurycea sphagnicola
Barton Springs salamander, Eurycea sosorum
Jollyville Plateau salamander, Eurycea tonkawae
Valdina Farms salamander, Eurycea troglodytes
Austin blind salamander, Eurycea waterlooensis
Texas blind salamander, Eurycea rathbuni
Blanco blind salamander, Eurycea robusta
Georgia blind salamander, Eurycea wallacei
Spring salamanders
Berry Cave salamander, Gyrinophilus gulolineatus
Tennessee cave salamander, Gyrinophilus palleucus
Spring salamander, Gyrinophilus porphyriticus
West Virginia spring salamander, Gyrinophilus subterraneus
Red and mud salamanders
Mud salamander, Pseudotriton montanus and:
Midland mud salamander, Pseudotriton (montanus) diastictus
Red salamander, Pseudotriton ruber
Many-lined salamander
Many-lined salamander, Stereochilus marginatus
Slender salamanders
Subgenus: Batrachoseps
California slender salamander, Batrachoseps attenuatus
San Gabriel slender salamander, Batrachoseps gabrieli
Batrachoseps diabolicus group:
Hell Hollow slender salamander, Batrachoseps diabolicus
Greenhorn Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps altasierrae
Sequoia slender salamander, Batrachoseps kawia
Kings River slender salamander, Batrachoseps regius
Batrachoseps nigriventris group:
Black-bellied slender salamander, Batrachoseps nigriventris
Fairview slender salamander, Batrachoseps bramei
Gregarious slender salamander, Batrachoseps gregarius
Relictual slender salamander, Batrachoseps relictus
Kern Canyon slender salamander, Batrachoseps simatus
Tehachapi slender salamander, Batrachoseps stebbinsi
Batrachoseps pacificus group:
Channel Islands slender salamander, Batrachoseps pacificus
Arguello slender salamander, Batrachoseps wakei
Southern California slender salamander, Batrachoseps major (desert slender salamander B. (m.) aridus:)
Lesser slender salamander, Batrachoseps minor
Gabilan Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps gavilanensis
San Simeon slender salamander, Batrachoseps incognitus
Santa Lucia Mountains slender salamander, Batrachoseps luciae
Subgenus: Plethopsis
Inyo Mountains salamander, Batrachoseps campi
Kern Plateau salamander, Batrachoseps robustus
Oregon slender salamander, Batrachoseps wrighti
Fourtoed salamander, Hemidactylium scutatum
Dwarf waterdog, Necturus punctatus
Alabama waterdog, Necturus alabamensis and:
Mobile waterdog, Necturus lodingi (sometimes recognized,
Gulf Coast waterdog, Necturus beyeri
Neuse River waterdog, Necturus lewisi
Common mudpuppy, Necturus maculosus and:
Red River mudpuppy, Necturus (maculosus) louisianensis
Apalachicola waterdog, Necturus moleri
Escambia waterdog, Necturus mounti
Ringed salamander, Ambystoma annulatum
Streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri
Frosted flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma cingulatum and:
Reticulated flatwoods salamander, Ambystoma bishopi
California tiger salamander, Ambystoma californiense (Santa Barbara and Sonoma Counties, central California)
Northwestern salamander, Ambystoma gracile
Jefferson salamander, Ambystoma jeffersonianum
Blue-spotted salamander, Ambystoma laterale
Mabee's salamander, Ambystoma mabeei
Long-toed salamander, Ambystoma macrodactylum (Santa Cruz long-toed salamander, A. m. croceum:)
Spotted salamander, Ambystoma maculatum
Western tiger salamander, Ambystoma mavortium (Sonoran tiger salamander, A. m. stebbinsi:)
Marbled salamander, Ambystoma opacum
Mole salamander, Ambystoma talpoideum
Small-mouthed salamander, Ambystoma texanum
Eastern tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum
Two-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma means
One-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma pholeter
Three-toed amphiuma, Amphiuma tridactylum
Idaho giant salamander, Dicamptodon aterrimus
Cope's giant salamander, Dicamptodon copei
California giant salamander, Dicamptodon ensatus
Coastal giant salamander, Dicamptodon tenebrosus
Cascade torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton cascadae
Columbia torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton kezeri
Olympic torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton olympicus
Southern torrent salamander, Rhyacotriton variegatus
Dwarf sirens
Southern dwarf siren, Pseudobranchus axanthus
Northern dwarf siren, Pseudobranchus striatus
Sirens
Lesser siren, Siren intermedia
Greater siren, Siren lacertina
Reticulated siren, Siren reticulata
Rocky Mountain tailed frog, Ascaphus montanus
Coastal tailed frog, Ascaphus truei
African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis *
Western clawed frog, Xenopus tropicalis *
Burrowing toad, Rhinophrynus dorsalis
North American spadefoot toads
Couch's spadefoot, Scaphiopus couchii
Eastern spadefoot, Scaphiopus holbrookii
Hurter's spadefoot, Scaphiopus hurterii
Western spadefoot toads
Plains spadefoot, Spea bombifrons
Western spadefoot, Spea hammondii
Great Basin spadefoot, Spea intermontana
Mexican spadefoot, Spea multiplicata
American toad, Anaxyrus americanus
Wyoming toad, Anaxyrus baxteri
Western toad, Anaxyrus boreas and:
Amargosa toad, Anaxyrus nelsoni
Arroyo toad, Anaxyrus californicus
Yosemite toad, Anaxyrus canorus
Great Plains toad, Anaxyrus cognatus
Chihuahuan green toad, Anaxyrus debilis
Black toad, Anaxyrus exsul
Fowler's toad, Anaxyrus fowleri
Canadian toad, Anaxyrus hemiophrys
Houston toad, Anaxyrus houstonensis
Arizona toad, Anaxyrus microscaphus
Hot Creek toad, Anaxyrus monfontanus
Railroad Valley toad, Anaxyrus nevadensis
Red-spotted toad, Anaxyrus punctatus
Oak toad, Anaxyrus quercicus
Sonoran green toad, Anaxyrus retiformis
Texas toad, Anaxyrus speciosus
Southern toad, Anaxyrus terrestris
Woodhouse's toad, Anaxyrus woodhousii
Dixie Valley toad, Anaxyrus williamsi
Colorado River toad, Incilius alvarius
Coastal plains toad, Incilius nebulifer (formerly in Incilius valliceps)
South American cane toad, Rhinella marina and:
Mesoamerican Cane toad, Rhinella horribilis
Tree frogs
Pine Barrens tree frog, Hyla andersonii (Dryophytes andersonii)
Canyon tree frog, Hyla arenicolor (Dryophytes arenicolor)
Bird-voiced tree frog, Hyla avivoca (Dryophytes avivoca)
Cope's gray treefrog, Hyla chrysoscelis (Dryophytes chrysoscelis)
American green tree frog, Hyla cinerea (Dryophytes cinereus)
Pine woods tree frog, Hyla femoralis (Dryophytes femoralis)
Barking tree frog, Hyla gratiosa (Dryophytes gratiosus)
Squirrel tree frog, Hyla squirella (Dryophytes squirellus)
Gray tree frog, Hyla versicolor (Dryophytes versicolor)
Arizona tree frog, Hyla wrightorum (Dryophytes wrightorum) (formerly in Hyla eximia)
Chorus frogs
Mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris brachyphona and:
Collinses' mountain chorus frog, Pseudacris collinsorum
Brimley's chorus frog, Pseudacris brimleyi
California tree frog, Pseudacris cadaverina
Spotted chorus frog, Pseudacris clarkii
Spring peeper, Pseudacris crucifer
Western chorus frog, Pseudacris triseriata and:
Upland chorus frog, Pseudacris feriarum and:
Cajun chorus frog, Pseudacris fouquettei
New Jersey chorus frog, Pseudacris kalmi
Pacific tree frog, Pseudacris regilla and:
Baja California tree frog, Pseudacris hypochondriaca
Sierran tree frog, Pseudacris sierra
Illinois chorus frog, Pseudacris illinoensis or Pseudacris streckeri illinoensis
Boreal chorus frog, Pseudacris maculata
Southern chorus frog, Pseudacris nigrita
Little grass frog, Pseudacris ocularis
Ornate chorus frog, Pseudacris ornata
Strecker's chorus frog, Pseudacris streckeri
Cricket frogs
Cricket frog, Acris crepitans and:
Blanchard's cricket frog, Acris (crepitans) blanchardi
Southern cricket frog, Acris gryllus
Other tree frogs
Cuban tree frog, Osteopilus septentrionalis *
Mexican tree frog, Smilisca baudinii
Lowland burrowing tree frog, Smilisca fodiens
(Australian treefrogs)
Australian green tree frog, Ranoidea caerulea *
Typical frogs
Northern red-legged frog, Rana aurora and:
California red-legged frog, Rana draytonii
Foothill yellow-legged frog, Rana boylii
Cascades frog, Rana cascadae
Columbia spotted frog, Rana luteiventris
Southern mountain yellow-legged frog, Rana muscosa and:
Sierra Nevada yellow-legged frog, Rana sierrae
Oregon spotted frog, Rana pretiosa
Water frogs
American bullfrog, Lithobates catesbeianus
Gopher frog, Lithobates capito
Crawfish frog, Lithobates areolatus
Mississippi gopher frog or dusky gopher frog, Lithobates sevosus
Rio Grande leopard frog, Lithobates berlandieri
Plains leopard frog, Lithobates blairi
Chiricahua leopard frog, Lithobates chiricahuensis and:
Ramsey Canyon leopard frog, Lithobates subaquavocalis,
Green frog, Lithobates clamitans or Rana clamitans
Vegas Valley leopard frog, Lithobates fisheri
Pig frog, Lithobates grylio
River frog, Lithobates heckscheri
Florida bog frog, Lithobates okaloosae or Rana okaloosae
Relict leopard frog, Lithobates onca or Rana onca
Pickerel frog, Lithobates palustris
Northern leopard frog, Lithobates pipiens or Rana pipiens and:
Mid-Atlantic coast leopard frog, Lithobates kauffeldi
Mink frog, Lithobates septentrionalis
Southern leopard frog, Lithobates sphenocephalus
Wood frog, Lithobates sylvaticus
Tarahumara frog, Lithobates tarahumarae or Rana tarahumarae
Carpenter frog, Lithobates virgatipes
Lowland leopard frog, Lithobates yavapaiensis
Japanese wrinkled frog, Glandirana rugosa * (Hawaii only)
Barking frog, Craugastor augusti
Coquí, Eleutherodactylus coqui * (Puerto Rico only)
Rio Grande chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus cystignathoides, only:
Rio Grande chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus (cystignathoides) campi
Spotted chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus guttilatus
Antilles coqui, Eleutherodactylus johnstonei (Bermuda, introduced), and:
Montserrat whistling frog, Eleutherodactylus montserratae (Bermuda)
Cliff chirping frog, Eleutherodactylus marnockii
Greenhouse frog, Eleutherodactylus planirostris *
Mexican white-lipped frog, Leptodactylus fragilis
Sheep frog, Hypopachus variolosus
North American narrow-mouthed frogs
Eastern narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne carolinensis
Western narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne olivacea and:
Sinaloan narrow-mouthed toad, Gastrophryne mazatlanensis
Green-and-black poison dart frog, Dendrobates auratus * (Hawaii only)