List of amphibians and reptiles of Antigua and Barbuda explained

This is a list of amphibians and reptiles found in Antigua and Barbuda, an island nation in the Caribbean Lesser Antilles. It consists of the two main islands of Antigua and Barbuda, and many smaller islets, including the uninhabited Redonda.

Amphibians

There are three species of amphibian recorded in Antigua and Barbuda, only one of which is native or found on both main islands.

Frogs (Anura)

Tree frogs (Hylidae)
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Osteopilus septentrionalis^[1]	Cuban tree frog	Least concern.^[2] Introduced; recently recorded as established on Antigua.
Tropical frogs (Leptodactylidae)
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Eleutherodactylus johnstonei	Lesser Antillean whistling frog, coqui Antillano, Johnstone's whistling frog	Least concern. Present on both main islands.
True toads (Bufonidae)
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Bufo marinus	Cane toad, giant neotropical toad, marine toad	Least concern. Introduced to Antigua.

Reptiles

Including marine turtles and introduced species on all islands, there are 19 reptile species reported in Antigua and Barbuda, with an additional species unconfirmed. Nine species are present on both main islands. Six species are endemic to the islands of Antigua and Barbuda, of which five are only found on one island.

Turtles (Testudines)

Tortoises (Testudinidae)
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Geochelone carbonaria	Red-footed tortoise	Present on Barbuda; probably extirpated from Antigua.
Scaly sea turtles (Cheloniidae)
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Caretta caretta	Loggerhead turtle	Endangered. Recorded in water only.
Chelonia mydas	Green turtle	Endangered. Recorded nesting on Antigua, Barbuda and some of the offshore Islands.
Eretmochelys imbricata	Hawksbill turtle	Critically endangered. Recorded nesting on Antigua, Barbuda and some of the offshore Islands.
Leathery sea turtles (Dermochelyidae)
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Dermochelys coriacea	Leatherback turtle	Critically endangered. Recorded nesting on Antigua and Barbuda

Lizards and snakes (Squamata)

Geckos (Gekkonidae)
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Hemidactylus mabouia	House gecko	Introduced to Antigua.
Sphaerodactylus elegantulus	Antigua least gecko	Regional endemic; found on both main islands and some of the offshore islands.
Sphaerodactylus new species		Reported on Redonda, it is believed to be a separate species, but is yet to be described.
Thecadactylus rapicauda	Turnip-tailed gecko	Found on both main islands and some of the offshore islands.
Iguanas and Anolids (Iguanidae)
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Anolis forresti	Watts' anole	Taxonomy as separate species unclear; alternately described as a subspecies of A. wattsi. Endemic to Barbuda.
Anolis leachii	Leach's anole	Found on both main islands. Originally endemic; since introduced to Bermuda.
Anolis nubilis	Redonda anole	Endemic to Redonda.
Anolis wattsi	Watts' anole	Regional endemic. Found on Antigua; also introduced to Saint Lucia and Trinidad.
Whiptails (Teiidae)
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Pholidoscelis atratus	Redonda ameiva	Endemic to Redonda. sometimes described as subspecies of P. pluvianotatus.
Pholidoscelis griswoldi	Griswold's ameiva, Antiguan ameiva, Antiguan ground lizard	Endemic. Common on Barbuda; common only on offshore islands of Antigua.
Microteiids (Gymnophthalmidae)
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Gymnophthalmus underwoodi	Underwood's spectacled tegu	Found on Barbuda.
Skinks (Scincidae)
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Copeoglossum redondae^[3]		Found on Redonda (endemic).
Worm snakes (Typhlopidae)
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Typhlops monastus	Montserrat worm snake	Regional endemic; found on both main islands and some of the offshore islands.
Colubrids (Colubridae)
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Alsophis antiguae	Antiguan racer	Critically endangered. Endemic; found only on Great Bird Island off the coast of Antigua. Considered one of the rarest and most endangered snake species in the world; only 60-80 adults believed to remain.

Disputed or unconfirmed species

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Eleutherodactylus martinicensis	Tink frog, Martinique robber frog	Near threatened. Regional endemic. Occasionally recorded on Antigua, probably due to misidentification.
Leptotyphlops tenella	Guyana blind snake	Possibly on Antigua; mainly found in Trinidad and South America.

Species by island

Amphibians

width=150px	Family !	width=200px	Species !	width=100px	Antigua !	width=100px	Barbuda !	width=100px	Redonda
Hylidae	Osteopilus septentrionalis	X
Leptodactylidae	Eleutherodactylus johnstonei	X	X
Bufonidae	Bufo marinus	X

Reptiles

width=150px	Family !	width=200px	Species !	width=100px	Antigua !	width=100px	Barbuda !	width=100px	Redonda
Testudinidae	Geochelone carbonaria	X	X
Cheloniidae	Caretta caretta	X	X	X
Cheloniidae	Chelonia mydas	X	X	X
Cheloniidae	Eretmochelys imbricata	X	X	X
Dermochelyidae	Dermochelys coriacea	X	X	X
Gekkonidae	Hemidactylus mabouia	X
Gekkonidae	Sphaerodactylus elegantulus	X	X
Gekkonidae	Sphaerodactylus new species			X
Gekkonidae	Thecadactylus rapicauda	X	X
Iguanidae	Anolis forresti		X
Iguanidae	Anolis leachii	X	X
Iguanidae	Anolis nubilis			X
Iguanidae	Anolis wattsi	X
Teiidae	Pholidoscelis atratus			X
Teiidae	Pholidoscelis griswoldi	X	X
Scincidae	Copeoglossum redondae			X
Gymnophthalmidae	Gymnophthalmus underwoodi		X
Typhlopidae	Leptotyphlops tenella	?
Typhlopidae	Typhlops monastus	X	X
Colubridae	Alsophis antiguae	X

References

Note: All species listed above are supported by Malhotra & Thorpe 1999, unless otherwise cited.

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Notes and References

1. . Not recorded on Antigua (or anywhere else in the Lesser Antilles) in .
2. [Conservation status]
3. Though reported in as M. bistriata, the Redonda population has been reassigned.