List of aluminium smelters explained

This is a list of primary aluminium smelters in the world. Primary production is the process by which alumina is smelted to pure aluminum.[1] Secondary production is the process of recycling aluminum scrap into aluminum that can be used again.[2] Capacity here refers to metric tonnes of output aluminum. The list is incomplete and missing some data.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]

CountryLocationTotal annual capacity (tonnes)OwnershipStatus
Puerto Madryn460,000 Aluar (Aluminio Argentino)
Boyne Island570,000 Rio Tinto (Boyne Smelters Limited)
Tomago590,000 Tomago Aluminium Company Pty. Ltd. Rio Tinto 51.55%, Gove Aluminium Finance Ltd 36.05%, Hydro Aluminium 12.40%
Portland, Victoria358,000 Alcoa World Alumina Australia Ltd. - Portland Aluminium March 15 2023 - Production at the smelter will be reduced to approximately 75 percent of the site’s total consolidated capacity of 358,000 metric tons per year (mtpy). Alcoa’s share of the total capacity is 197,000 mtpy. The smelter, which has a total of 408 pots, had previously been operating at about 95 percent of its total capacity.
180,000 Closed September 2012
Bell Bay, Tasmania180,000 Rio Tinto (Bell Bay Aluminium)
Ganja50,000 Ganja Aluminium
Askar1,540,000 Alba (Aluminium Bahrain)
Mostar180,000 AluminijPart of the M.T. Abraham Group
460,000 Albras (Alumínio Brasileiro S.A.)
São Luís460,000 (Consórcio de Alumínio do Maranhão S.A.) Joint venture, 40% BHP Billiton, operated by Alcoa. Curtailed since 2015.
Aluminio455,000 Companhia Brasileira de Aluminio (CBA)
Ouro Preto150,000 66.67% Hindustan Aluminium, 33.33% Novelis
Poços de Caldas106,000 Alcominas (Alcoa Aluminio S.A.) Closed and dismantled
Santa Cruz95,000 Metalisul (Grupo Metalis) Closed and dismantled
Saramenha 51,000 Novelis do Brasil S.A. Closed and dismantled
Edéa100,000 Alucam (Compagnie Camerounaise de l'Aluminium)
Sept-Iles, Quebec606,000 Aluminerie Alouette Inc. Alouette is a consortium of AMAG Austria Metall AG (20%), Hydro Aluminium (20%), Investissement Québec (6.67%), Marubeni Corporation (13.33%) and Rio Tinto (40%).
Alma, Quebec466,000
Bécancour437,000 A.B.I. (Aluminerie de Bécancour Incorporée) JV 74.9% Alcoa (operated by Alcoa), and 25.1% Rio Tinto
Kitimat420,000
Baie Comeau300,000 Alcoa Aluminerie de Baie-Comeau
Deschambault260,000 Alcoa Aluminerie de Deschambault
Laterrière, Quebec244,000
Grande Baie, Saguenay, Quebec221,000
Arvida, Saguenay, Quebec173,000
Hongjun 1,060,000 Huomei Hongjun Aluminium Smelter
Xinjiang860,000 Xinjiang Easthope Coal Power & Aluminium
Dongfang Xiwang 780,000 Dongfang Xiwang Aluminium Smelter Innermongolia
740,000 Xinfa Group
Lanzhou Shi 700,000 Lanzhou Aluminium Smelter
Qingtongxia Shi 685,000 Qingtongxia Aluminum Co.
East Hope (Sanmenxia) 650,000
Baotou Shi 1,340,000 Baotou Aluminum Factory (Chinalco)[9]
Yugang Longquan 600,000 Henan Yugang Longquan Aluminium Co. Ltd.
Nongliushi 590,000 Nongliushi Smelter Xinjiang
Qinghai Xinye 575,000 Qinghai Xinye Aluminium Smelter
Chiping Xinfa 550,000 Shandong Xinfa Aluminium Co.
Henan Wanji 530,000 Henan Wanji Aluminum Co. Ltd.
Qinghai Huanghe 500,000 Qinghai Huanghe Aluminium Company
Qinghai Xinheng 500,000 Qinghai Xinheng Aluminium Plant
Qinyang 500,000 Henan Qinyang Aluminium Power
Yongchen City 500,000 Yongchen Aluminium
Yunnan 500,000 Yunnan Aluminium Co. Ltd.
Zhonghe 495,000 Zhonghe Group
Qinghai 420,000 Qinghai Aluminium Plant (Chinalco)
Guanyuan Aostar 420,000 Sichuan Aostar Guangyuan Aluminium Smelter
Jiaozuo Shi 420,000 Jiaozuo Wanfang Aluminium Smelter
Shenhuo (new) 420,000 Henan Shenhuo Orient Aluminium Company
Fukang 413,000 Xinjian Tianlong Mineral Co. Aluminium Smelter
Guizhou 400,000 Guizhou Huaren(Chinalco)
Nanshan 406,000 Shandong Nanshan Aluminum Co., Ltd.
Nanshan 400,000
Wanji Xiangjiang 400,000
Yangquan 400,000
Baotou East Hope 400,000 Baotou Oriental Hope Aluminium Co
Longquan Aluminium 400,000 Longquan Aluminium Smelter
Qiya 400,000 Qiya Group
Tianshan 400,000 Tianshan Group
Xinjang Yihe 400,000 Xinjiang Yihe Aluminium Smelter
Yichuan 400,000 Henan Hong KongYugang Longquan Aluminium Co., Ltd.
Pingdingshan 375,000
Ningxia 370,000 Ningxia Jinjiang Group
Xinjiang 370,000 Xinfa Group
Zhongning 370,000 Zhongning Aluminium Smelter
Emeishan 355,000 Emeishan Aluminium Industry Clique Co. Ltd.
Emei 350,000 Sichuan Emei Aluminium Pant
Fushun Shi 350,000 Fushun Aluminium Reduction Plant
Jinning 350,000 Jinning Aluminium Co
Qiaotou 350,000 Qiatou Aluminium Works
Shanxi-Huaze 350,000 Shanxi-Huaze Aluminium & Power Co.
Sichuan Qiya 350,000 Qiya Group
Xiezhou 330,000 Xiezhou Aluminium Works
Lubei 320,000
Guangxi Baise 320,000 Guangxi Baise Xinghe Smelter
Zhongfu 308,000 Zhongfu Industry Group
Datong Xian 260,000 Qinhai Aluminium Smelter
Lanzhou Liancheng 550,000 Lanzhou Liancheng Aluminium Plant (Chinalco)
Laibin Yinhai 250,000 Laibin Yinhai Aluminium Company
Zunyi Xian 242,000 Zunyi Aluminium Works
Gansu Longxi 240,000 Gansu Longxi Dongxing Smelter
Guiyang Shi 240,000 Guiyang Aluminium Smelter
Linzhou 240,000 Lifeng Aluminium Co. Ltd.
Yunnan Dongyuan 240,000 Yunnan Dongyuan Smelter
Guanlu (new) 220,000 Shanxi Guanlu Co. Ltd.
Shanxian Hengkang 220,000 Shanxian Hengkang Smelter
Yuncheng Shi 220,000 Shanxi Huasheng Aluminium Works
Guixi Huayin 200,000
Wusheng (Pinglu) 200,000
Donghai 200,000 Shandong Donghai Aluminium Corp.
Baise Yinhai 175,000 Baise Yinhai Aluminium Co
Xinfa 175,000 Xinfa Xiwang Al & Power
Jinxi 160,000 Xinfa Group
Linfeng 160,000 Linfeng Aluminium
Shenhuo (old) 160,000 Henan Shenhuo Aluminium Company
Dingtai Tuoyuan 150,000
Yimei 150,000
Honglu Aluminium 150,000 Honglu Aluminium Co
Tongshuan 150,000 Tongshuan Aluminium Smelter
Zouping 141,000 Zouping Aluminium Smelter
Pingguo Xian 140,000 Pingguo Aluminum Co.
Ke'ao 135,000 Shandong Yankuang Ke-au Aluminium
Meishan Qimingxing 130,000 Sichuan Meishan Qimingxin Aluminium Co
Tianyuan 130,000 Tianyuan Aluminium Group
Shangdian 125,000 Shangdian Aluminium Co. Ltd.
Hejin Xian 120,000 Long Men Aluminum Plant
Sanmenxia Shi 120,000 Sanmenxia Tianyuan Aluminum Co.
Yulian Power 120,000 Henan Yulian Power Group.
Zhengxing 120,000 Zhenxing Aluminium Smelter
Guangyuan Qimingxing 114,000 Qimingxing Aluminium Co.
Huasheng Jiangquan 112,000 Huasheng Jiangquan Aluminum Co.
Guanlu (old) 110,000 Shanxi Guanlu Aluminium Plant
Tongshuan Xinguang 110,000 Tongchuan Xinguang Aluminium Co. Ltd.
Aba 100,000 Aba Aluminium Works
Chuangyuan 100,000 Changyuan Aluminum Works
Huayu 100,000 Huayu Aluminium Works
Taiyuan Shi 100,000 Taiyuan Aluminium Works
Yinhai 100,000 Yinhai Aluminium Co.
Qinao 90,000 Qinao Aluminium Smelter
Xichuan 90,000 Xichuan Ferro-Alloy Works
Zhongmei 83,000
Huanghe 80,000 Huanghe Aluminum Co.
Jinneng 80,000 Jinning Aluminium Smelter
Mianchi Aluminium 80,000 Mianchi Aluminium Plant
Shandong Aluminium 200,000 Shandong Aluminium Smelter (Chinalco) Halted produced as of 31 December 2019
Xinwang 76,000 Henan Xinwang Aluminium Co. Ltd.
Nanping Shi 73,000 Nanping Aluminium Group
Faxiang 70,000 Faxiang Aluminium Works
Huadong 70,000 Huadong Aluminium Works
Huaxin 70,000 Huaxin Aluminum Industries
Zheijiang Huadong 70,000 Zhejiang Huadong Aluminium Co. Ltd.
Yangquan 68,000 Shanxi Yangquan Aluminium Co. Ltd.
Dengfeng 65,000 Dengfeng Aluminium Works
Jilin 65,000 Jilin Aluminium Company
Yungcheng Shanhe 65,000 Yungcheng Shanhe Aluminium Co.
Yichang 62,000 Yichang Changjiang Aluminum Co., Ltd.
Zhaofeng 61,000 Zhaofeng Aluminium Smelting Co
Yangquan Shi 60,000 Yangquan Aluminium Works
Yongan 60,000 Yongan Aluminum Co.
Zhengzhuo Shi 58,000 Zhengzhuo Aluminium Smelter
Chongqing Tiantai 55,000 Chongqing Aluminium Co
Longxiang 55,000 Longxiang Aluminium Works
Jiaokou 50,000
Chongqing Dongsheng 50,000 Dongsheng Aluminium Works
Danjiankou Shi 50,000 Danjiangkou Water Conservancy Aluminium Factory
Dianneng Gejiu 50,000 Dianneng Gejiu Aluminium Works
Lintao 50,000 Lintao Aluminium Plant
Longlin 50,000 Longlin Aluminium Smelter
Ningxia 50,000 Ningxia St. Dehua
Taian 50,000 Taian Aluminium Works
Tongshun 50,000 Tongshun Aluminium Plant
Yunnan Runxin 50,000 Yunnan Runxin Aluminium Works
Haizhou 40,000 HaizhouAluminium Smelter
Yunnan Yongxin 35,000 Yunnan Yongxin Metals Processing Co.
Lanjiang Shi 30,000 Lanjiang Aluminium Works
Pingyin 26,000 Shandong Pingyin Aluminium Plant
Gongyi 25,000 Gongyi Aluminium Plant
Panshi Xian 25,000 Panshi Aluminium Works
Nanchuan -
Shanxi 432,000 Shanxi Zhongrun (Chinalco)
Shanxi 424,000 Shanxi New Material (Chinalco)
Yunnan -
Zunyi 375,000 Zunyi Aluminium (Chinalco)
zhengzhou 480,000 Zhengzhou Laiwosi Aluminum Co., LTD
Nag Hammadi 320,000 Egyptalum (Aluminium Company of Egypt)
Dunkerque 284,000 in 2018 ALVANCE https://www.aluminiumdunkerque.fr/
St. Jean de Maurienne 141,000 Trimet Aluminium SE 65 %, EDF 35 %
Neuss 230,000 Speira GmbH
Essen 170,000 Trimet Aluminium SE - Headquarters
Hamburg 135,000 Trimet Aluminium SE
Voerde 96,000 Trimet Aluminium SE
Tema 200,000 Valco (Volta Aluminium Company)
St. Nicolas 166,000 Aluminium de Grèce SA (AdG)
Sangaredi - 33% Global Alumina, 33% BHP Billiton, 25% Dubai Aluminium Company Limited, 8.3% Mubadala Development Company PJSC Currently in feasibility study
Reyðarfjörður 346,000 Alcoa Fjarðaál
Grundartangi, near Akranes 312,000 Nordic Aluminum Co (Norðurál), subsidiary of Century Aluminum Owned by Glencore International AG
Straumsvik, near Hafnarjordur 205,000 Rio TintoOn 19 September 2018, Norsk Hydro backed out of its deal to buy Rio's Icelandic Smelter.[10]
Helguvíkurvegur, near Keflavík 250,000 Nordic Aluminum Co (Norðurál), subsidiary of Century Aluminum Partially complete. Construction suspended in 2008.
Korba 570,000 Bharat Aluminium Co. (Balco) which is owned by Vedanta Resources[11]
1,750,000 Vedanta Resources[12]
Angul 475,000 National Aluminium Co. (Nalco)
Kothapalem 150,000 Anrak Aluminium Co.
Damanjodi 475,000 National Aluminium Co. (Nalco)
Belgaum, Karnataka 390,000 Indal, Hindalco (United Nations 2000)
Lapanga 360,000 Aditya Aluminium (Hindalco Industries Ltd))
Bargawan 360,000 Mahan Aluminium (Hindalco Industries Ltd))
Renukoot 345,000 Hindustan Aluminium Co. (Hindalco Industries Ltd))
Hirakud 213,000 Hindalco Industries Ltd. - Hirakud Smelter
Kuala Tanjung 265,000 PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium (Persero) Started as a consortium between 12 Japanese investors and the Indonesian Government. As of November 2013 it was entirely owned by the Indonesian Government.[13]
Bandar Abbas (2) 147,000 Hormozgan Aluminium (Hormozal)
Arak (2) 110,000 Iran Aluminium Co (Iralco)
Bandar Abbas 110,000 Al-Mahdi Aluminium Corp. (AAC)
Arak 90,000 Iran Aluminium Co (Iralco)
Portoscuso 159,000 Alcoa Italia SpA-Portovesme Works Closure announced by Alcoa (28 August 2014).
Kanbara, Shizuoka 20,000 Nippon Light Metals Co Ltd. Closed in March 2014
Ehime - 100% Sumitomo Chemical
Pavlodar 250,000 Kazakhstan Aluminium Works (KAZ)
Mopko 180,000 South Korea General Chemical Corporation
Sarawak 960,000 Press Metal Bintulu
Sarawak 120,000 Press Metal Sarawak
Podgorica 120,000 DP Kombinat Aluminijuma Podgorica (KAP) Shut down December 2021[14]
Maputo 565,000 Mozal (Mozambique Aluminium Smelter) Joint venture of BHP Billiton 47.1%, Mitsubishi Corporation 25%, Industrial Development Corporation of South Africa Limited 24%, Government of Mozambique 3.9% BHP Billiton holdings now demerged to South32.
Delfzijl 170,000 Aluminium Delfzijl BV (Aldel) Shut down September 2022[15]
351,000 New Zealand Aluminium Smelters (NZAS) Rio Tinto 79.36%, Sumitomo Chemical Company 20.64%,Closure Scheduled August 2021[16]
Ikot Abasi 200,000 Alscon (Aluminium Smelter Co of Nigeria)
Sunndalsøra 400,000 Sunndal Primary Production (Haas)
Årdal 233,000 Årdal Primary Production (Haas)
Mosjøen 221,500 Alcoa Norway - Mosjøen Works
Karmøy 190,000 Karmøy Primary Production (Haas)
Husnes 185,000 Hydro Husnes (Norsk Hydro)
Lista 127,500 Alcoa Norway - Lista Works One of three lines cut September 2022[17]
Høyanger 60,000 Høyanger Primary Production (Haas)
Sohar 372,000 Sohar Aluminium Company Oman Oil (40 per cent), Abu Dhabi National Energy Company PJSC – TAQA (40 per cent) and Rio Tinto (20 per cent)
Mesaieed 625,000 Qatalum (Qatar Aluminium Co)
Slatina 288,000 SC Alro SA Slatina close 3 out of 5 furnaces[18]
1,400,000 United Company of Rusal (under construction)
1,100,000 100% United Company of Rusal
1,010,000 Bratsk Aluminium Works-BrAZ
1,008,000 Krasnoyarsk Aluminium Works - KrAZ
750,000 United Company of Rusal (United Nations 2000)
Sayanogorsk 542,000 Sayan Aluminium Works - SaAZ
Shelekhovo 415,000 Irkutsk Aluminium Works - IrkAZ
Volkhov Alumina 400,000 100% North-West Aluminium (United Nations 2000)
Novokuznetsk 330,000 Novokuznetsk Aluminium Works - NAZ
Sayanogorsk II 300,000 Khakas Aluminium Works - KhAZ
Krasnoturinsk 190,000 Bogoslovsk Aluminium Works-BAZ
Bauxitogorsk 186,000 100% United Company of Rusal
Volgograd 170,000 Volgograd Aluminium Works - VgAZ
Nadvoitsy 80,000 Nadvoitsy Aluminium Works - NkAZ
Kamensk 75,000 Ural Aluminium Works -UAZ
Kandalaksha 75,000 Kandalaksha Aluminium Works -KAZ
Volkhov 24,000 Volkhov Aluminium Works - VAZ
Taishet 10,000 Thaishet Aluminium Works - ThAZ
780,000 Ma’aden Aluminium Company (MAC) Jun 26, 2019 : Alcoa has 25.1% interest in Ma’aden Aluminium Company (MAC), which owns and operates the Aluminium smelter and in Ma’aden Bauxite and Alumina Company (MBAC), which owns and operates the bauxite mine in Al Ba’itha and the alumina refinery both in Ras Al Khair Industrial City.
Ziar nad Hronom 160,000 Slovak Aluminium Co - Slovalco shut down September 2022[19]
Kidricevo 75,000 Talum dd Kidricevo reduced production by 80% in September 2022, stopped completely April 2023[20] [21]
Richards Bay, Hillside 720,000 Hillside Aluminium
Richards Bay, Bayside 100,000 Bayside Aluminium Closed
San Ciprian 250,000 Alcoa Inespal - San Ciprian Works Curtailed 2020
Aviles 93,000 Alcoa Inespal- Aviles Works Closed 02/2019
La Coru?a 87,000 Alcoa Inespal- La Coruna Works Closed 02/2019
Paranam/Onverwacht 57,000 Closed[22]
Sundsvall 130,000 Kubikenborg Aluminium AB (Kubal)
Tursunzoda 450,000 Tajikistan Aluminium Company (Talco)
Seydisehir Alumina 200,000 100% Eti Holding S.A. (United Nations 2000)
Seydisehir 65,000 Eti Alüminyum Inc
Jebel Ali, Dubai 1,040,000 Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA) In 2013, Dubal (Dubai Aluminium Co) and Emal (Emirates Aluminium) were merged to form Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA).
1,500,000 Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA) In 2013, Dubal (Dubai Aluminium Co) and Emal (Emirates Aluminium) were merged to form Emirates Global Aluminium (EGA).
Zaporozhye Aluminium Combine, Zaporozhye City 270,000 United Company of Rusal
Zaporozhye 120,000 Zaporizhsky Alyuminievy Kominat (Zalk)
Burntisland 120,000 100% Rio Tinto Alcan Closed 2002[23]
Lochaber smelter, Fort William 42,000 Alvance British Aluminium Formerly owned by Rio Tinto, sold in 2016 to GFG Alliance.[24] Last remaining aluminium smelter in the UK[25]
Anglesey smelter, Holyhead 142,000 Rio Tinto - Kaiser Aluminum - Anglesey Smelter Closed 2009[26]
Lynemouth smelter, Lynemouth - 100% Rio Tinto Alcan Closed 2012[27]
Newburgh 270,000 Alcoa - Warrick Operations 1 Potline Curtailed June 2022, 2 potlines still operating.
Mount Holly 224,000 Century Aluminum Operating at 50% of capacity.
Sebree 218,000 Century Aluminum
Massena 135,000 Alcoa - Massena Operations
New Madrid 263,000 Magnitude7Metals[28] previously Noranda Aluminum, now owned by Swiss-based Granges[29] Curtailed January 2024
Hawesville 250,000 Century Aluminum of Kentucky LLC Curtailed 7/2022
Ferndale 279,000 Alcoa - Intalco Aluminum Corp. Curtailed 8/26/2020. March 15 2023 Alcoa Announces Closure of Intalco Smelter and Prepares Site for Redevelopment
Wenatchee 184,000 Alcoa - Wenatchee Works Curtailed 2016, Closed 2018
Columbia Falls 180,000 Glencore AG (Switzerland)Closed 2009
Ravenswood 180,000 Century Aluminum of West Virginia Inc. (RAC) Closed
Hannibal 270,000 Ormet Primary Aluminum Corporation Closed
Rockdale 176,000 Alcoa - Rockdale Works Closed
Goldendale 172,000 Goldendale Aluminum Co Closed 2003
St. Lawrence 125,000 Alcoa - St. Lawrence Reduction Closed
Matanzas 448,000 CVG Venalum
Matanzas 170,000 Alcasa (Aluminios del Caroni C.A.)
Lam Dong Project 650,000 Pechiney, CAV

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Primary Production - The Aluminum Association. 2018-05-16.
  2. Web site: Secondary Production - The Aluminum Association. 2018-05-16.
  3. Web site: Rio Tinto to suspend production at Gove alumina refinery. 29 November 2013.
  4. News: Alumina Division . Rusal . 2007-03-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061203002210/http://www.rusal.com/business/geography/alumina/ . 2006-12-03 . dead .
  5. News: Rio Tinto - Alumina, aluminium and bauxite - Key data . Rio Tinto . 2007-03-14 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070927001159/http://www.riotinto.com/whatweproduce/452_aluminium_4336.asp . 2007-09-27 .
  6. News: Alumina Limited:: The AWAC Business . Alumina Limited . 2007-03-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061025041242/http://www.aluminalimited.com/index.php?s=awac_biz&ss=global&p=global_op . 2006-10-25 . dead .
  7. News: Companhia Vale do Rio Doce . Companhia Vale do Rio Doce . 2007-03-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060613064018/http://cvrd.com.br/ . 2006-06-13 .
  8. News: Rio Tinto Aluminium . Rio Tinto . 2018-03-06.
  9. Web site: ALUMINUM CORPORATION OF CHINA LIMITED Form 20-F. 22 April 2020. SEC.
  10. Web site: Norsk Hydro Backs Out of Deal to Buy Rio's Icelandic Smelter. Burns. Stuart. 2018-09-19. Steel, Aluminum, Copper, Stainless, Rare Earth, Metal Prices, Forecasting MetalMiner. en-US. 2018-12-15.
  11. Web site: Bharat Aluminium Company Ltd . 2020-06-09.
  12. Web site: Aluminium. 2020-06-09.
  13. Web site: Brief History - About Us. 2015-02-09. PT Indonesia Asahan Aluminium Persero (INALUM). https://web.archive.org/web/20170925022706/http://www.inalum.id/en/article/brief-history.html. 2017-09-25. live. 2018-05-02.
  14. Web site: European smelter closures fracture aluminium pricing . . 1 September 2021 .
  15. Web site: European smelter closures fracture aluminium pricing . . 1 September 2021 .
  16. NZAS terminates electricity contract and plans to wind-down operations following strategic review . 8 July 2020 .
  17. Web site: European smelter closures fracture aluminium pricing . . 1 September 2021 .
  18. Web site: European smelter closures fracture aluminium pricing . . 1 September 2021 .
  19. Web site: European smelter closures fracture aluminium pricing . . 1 September 2021 .
  20. Web site: European smelter closures fracture aluminium pricing . . 1 September 2021 .
  21. Web site: European smelter closures fracture aluminium pricing . . 21 March 2023 .
  22. Web site: Paranam Aluminum Smelter Near Onverwacht, Suriname .
  23. News: Alcan's Burntisland factory to shut by end of month. The Scottish Herald. 19 November 2002. 27 August 2023.
  24. 23 November 2016. Rio Tinto agrees sale of its Lochaber assets for $410 million . Rio Tinto. 27 August 2023.
  25. News: Scottish government defends £586m Lochaber smelter guarantees. BBC News. 19 November 2021. 27 August 2023.
  26. News: Final shift at Anglesey Aluminium. BBC News. 30 September 2009. 27 August 2023.
  27. News: Alcan Lynemouth smelter: Landmark day as closure starts. BBC News. 29 March 2012. 27 August 2023.
  28. News: New aluminum smelter to open in New Madrid. 2018-03-07. seMissourian.com. 2018-04-04. en.
  29. Web site: New Day Aluminum wins auction for Noranda's upstream Louisiana, Jamaica assets - Metals Platts News Article & Story. www.platts.com. 2018-04-04.