List of active duty United States three-star officers explained
There are currently 162 active-duty three-star officers in federal uniformed service, of which 161 three-star officers are part of the eight federal uniformed services of the United States. There are 53 in the Army, 19 in the Marine Corps, 37 in the Navy, 40 in the Air Force, five in the Space Force, four in the Coast Guard, one in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and one in the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps. The final three-star officer comes from the Maritime Service, which is a federal uniformed organization that is not recognized as part of the of federal uniformed services.
List of designated three-star positions
Other joint positions
Statutory limits
As with four-star officers, the U.S. Code explicitly limits the number of three-star officers that may be on active duty at any given time. The total number of active-duty general or flag officers is capped at 219 for the Army, 150 for the Navy, 171 for the Air Force, 64 for the Marine Corps, and 21 for the Space Force.[235] Statute also sets the total number of three-star officers allowed in these services,[236] which equates to about 23% of each service's total active-duty general or flag officer pool. The number is set at 46 three-star Army generals,[236] 17 three-star Marine Corps generals,[236] 34 three-star Navy admirals,[236] 44 three-star Air Force generals,[236] seven three-star Space Force generals,[236] and five three-star Coast Guard admirals.[237]
While a number of these positions are set by statute, most do not have the accompanying statutory three-star rank. By convention, however:
- For the Army, lieutenant generals include corps and field army commanders, deputy and assistant chiefs of staff of the Army staff,[238] deputies of Army four-star commands, commanders of high-level geographic or component commands, the chief of Army reserve,[239] as well as high-level specialty positions[240] including the inspector general,[241] surgeon general,[242] and judge advocate general.[243]
- For the Navy, vice admirals include numbered fleet commanders,[244] deputy chiefs of naval operations,[245] deputies of Navy four-star commands, commanders of high-level geographic and component commands,[244] and specialty positions such as the type commanders of naval air forces, naval submarine forces and naval surface forces, as well as the naval inspector general[246] and judge advocate general.[247]
- For the Air Force, lieutenant generals include commanders of large numbered air forces or major commands,[248] [249] deputy and assistant chiefs of staff of the Air staff,[250] deputies of four-star major commands, the chief of Air Force Reserve,[251] as well as the specialty positions of the inspector general,[252] surgeon general[253] and judge advocate general.[254]
- For the Marine Corps, lieutenant generals include commanders of high-level geographic and functional Marine commands including the marine expeditionary forces,[255] deputy commandants attached to Headquarters Marine Corps[256] and commander of the Marine Forces Reserve.
- For the Space Force, lieutenant generals include the deputy chiefs of staff of the Space Staff and commanders of high-level field commands.
- For the Coast Guard, vice admirals include the deputy commandants for operations and mission support, as well as the operational area commanders of the Atlantic and Pacific region.[257] By statute, there may not be more than five three-star positions in the Coast Guard[237] and, if there are five, one must be the chief of staff of the Coast Guard.[237]
- For the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, the surgeon general of the United States is a three-star vice admiral by statute, equivalent in rank to the surgeon general of the Army.[258]
- Although the rank of vice admiral exists in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps (NOAA Corps), its use is rare. Only two officers of the NOAA Corps or its ancestor organizations have reached the rank of vice admiral.[259]
The president may also designate positions of importance and responsibility to other agencies in the executive branch aside from the Coast Guard and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to be held by an officer with the rank of vice admiral, with corresponding pay and allowance.[237]
Exceptions
Exceptions exist that allow for the appointment of three-star officers beyond statutory limits. The secretary of defense can designate up to 68 three-star officers,[260] who do not count against any service's general or flag officer limit, to serve in one of several joint positions.[261] For three-star officers, these include senior positions on the Joint Staff such as the director of the Joint Staff and deputy commanders of unified combatant commands.[262] Officers serving in certain intelligence positions are not counted against statutory limits, including the deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency, associate director for military affairs of the Central Intelligence Agency, and the advisor for military affairs to the director of National Intelligence.[263] The president can appoint additional three-star officers in any one service, in excess of that service's three-star limit, as long as they are offset by reducing an equivalent number of three-stars from other services. Finally, all statutory limits may be waived at the president's discretion during time of war or national emergency.[264]
Appointment
Like with four-stars, three-star grade of ranks are temporary in nature; officers may only achieve three stars if they are appointed to positions that require or allow the officer to hold the rank.[265] Their rank expires with the expiration of their term of office, which is normally set by statute.[265] The president nominates three-star officers from any eligible officers holding one-star rank and above who also meet the other requirements for the position, based on the advice of their respective executive department secretary, service secretary, and if applicable the Joint Chiefs.[265] The nominee must be confirmed via majority by the Senate before the appointee can take office and thus assume the rank.[265]
While it is rare for nominations to face even token opposition in the Senate, nominations that do face opposition due to controversy surrounding the nominee in question are typically withdrawn.[266]
- For example, the nomination of Major General Ryan F. Gonsalves to the rank of lieutenant general, and assignment as commanding general of U.S. Army Europe in 2017 was withdrawn,[267] after an investigation was launched into the general's inappropriate comment to a female congressional staffer.[268]
- Rear Admiral Elizabeth L. Train was once the leading candidate to be director of naval intelligence in 2015, but her nomination was withdrawn the following year[269] due to controversy related to the Fat Leonard corruption scandal.[270]
- The president withdrew the nomination of Lieutenant General Susan J. Helms to become vice commander of Air Force Space Command in 2013 after eight months of inaction in the Senate,[271] owing to concerns about her overturning the ruling in a sexual assault case under her command.[272] [273] [274]
- Lieutenant General Mary A. Legere was widely considered a leading candidate to succeed Lieutenant General Michael T. Flynn as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency in 2014, but her name was removed from consideration,[275] following congressional backlash over her involvement in several controversial Army intelligence projects.[276]
- Major General Raphael J. Hallada was withdrawn from consideration to become commanding general of Fifth Army in 1991,[277] [278] in connection to his decision not to prosecute two soldiers responsible for an artillery accident at his command of Fort Sill.[279] [280]
- Major General Joseph J. Taluto withdrew himself from consideration to become director of the Army National Guard in 2010,[281] due to public controversy and subsequent Senate inaction over his handling of the deaths of Phillip Esposito and Louis Allen.[282] [283]
- And Rear Admiral Elizabeth A. Hight's nomination to be director of the Defense Information Systems Agency in 2008 was withdrawn,[284] due to concerns about a possible conflict of interest with her husband, a retired Air Force general who was employed by a prominent defense contractor.[285]
Nominations that are not withdrawn are allowed to expire without action at the end of the legislative session, with said nominations being returned to the President.[266] [286]
- For example, the Senate declined to schedule a vote for Major General Charles M. Gurganus to the rank of lieutenant general in 2013,[287] and assigned as director of the Marine Corps staff,[288] due to concerns of negligence leading to the September 2012 Camp Bastion raid.[288] [289]
- The nomination of Rear Admiral Thomas P. Ostebo to be the Coast Guard's deputy commandant for mission support in 2014 was returned to the president,[290] [291] as it was procedurally delayed by a senator who opposed the closure of two Coast Guard facilities in response to sequestration cuts.[292]
Additionally, events that occur after Senate confirmation may delay or even prevent the nominee from assuming office, necessitating that another nominee be selected and considered by the Senate.
- For example, Major General John G. Rossi, who had been confirmed to the rank of lieutenant general, and assignment as the commanding general of the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command in April 2016 committed suicide two days before he was to assume command.[293] [294] [295] Lieutenant General David L. Mann, the incumbent commander who was scheduled to retire, remained in command beyond customary term limits until another nominee, Major General James H. Dickinson was confirmed by the Senate.[296]
- Vice Admiral Scott A. Stearney assumed command of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command, Fifth Fleet, and Combined Maritime Forces in May 2018.[297] His death in December 2018 resulted in the speedy confirmation[298] of Rear Admiral James J. Malloy in the same month for elevation to the rank of vice admiral as his replacement.[299]
Command elevation and reduction
Any billet in the armed forces may be designated as a position of importance requiring the holder of the position to be of three-star or four-star rank.[265] One-star and two-star billets may be elevated to three-star or four-star level as appropriate, either by act of Congress, or within statutory limits by the services at their discretion. Congress may propose such elevations or reductions to the president and Department of Defense.[300]
An officer leading a command or office elevated to three-star rank can be promoted while in their present position, reassigned to another office of equal rank, or retire if another nominee is selected as their replacement.
- For example, Major General Scott C. Black became judge advocate general of the Army in October 2005. With the elevation of the office to three-star in 2008, Black was nominated for promotion to lieutenant general,[301] and assumed the rank in December 2008.
- Vice Admiral Henry H. Mauz Jr., commander of U.S. Seventh Fleet, was dual-hatted as commander of U.S. Naval Forces Central Command in August 1990.[302] The incumbent commander, Captain Robert Sutton, was not appointed to the rank of vice admiral and was thus reassigned as commander of the U.S. Naval Logistics Support Force under Mauz's command.[303]
A lower-level billet may be elevated to three-stars, in accordance with being designated as a position of importance, to highlight importance to the defense apparatus or achieve parity with equivalent commands in the same area of responsibility or service branch.
A four-star billet may also be reduced to three-stars, usually to compensate for another billet being elevated to four-star level and thus remain within statutory limits.
Tour length
The standard tour length for a three-star officer is three years, specifically a two-year term with a one-year extension. Unlike with four-star ranks, many three-star positions have stipulated term lengths in the U.S. Code:
- Deputy commanders of unified combatant commands, as a joint duty assignment, serve for one to two years.
- Inspectors general of the Army, Navy, and Air Force serve for a nominal four-year term.
- Judge advocates general of the Army, Navy, and Air Force serve for a nominal four-year term.
- Three-star chiefs of service reserve components serve for a nominal four-year term in office, but may serve for up to eight years if reappointed to serve for a second term. Typically, a reserve component chief serves for two to three years.
- Three-star chiefs of Army branches, (except the judge advocate general) serve for a nominal four-year term.[242]
- Superintendents of the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, and the U.S. Air Force Academy serve for a nominal three-year term, though it is common for them to serve for four to five years.
- The surgeon general of the United States serves for a nominal four-year term.[312]
All appointees serve at the pleasure of the president. Extensions of the standard tour length can be approved, within statutory limits, by their respective service secretaries, the secretary of defense, the president, and/or Congress but these are rare, as they block other officers from being promoted. Some statutory limits of tour length under the U.S. Code can be waived in times of national emergency or war.[313] [314] Three-star grades may also be given by act of Congress but this is extremely rare.
Retirement
Besides voluntary retirement, statute sets a number of mandates for retirement. A three-star officer may serve for a maximum of 38 years of commissioned service unless reappointed to rank to serve longer or appointed to a higher rank.[317] Three-star officers on reserve active duty must retire after five years in grade or 30 days after completion of 38 years of commissioned service, whichever is later, unless reappointed to rank to serve longer.[318] Three-star reserve officers of the Army and Air Force can have their retirements deferred by their service secretary until the officer's 66th birthday,[319] which the secretary of defense may do for all active-duty officers,[320] and the president can defer it until the officer's 68th birthday.[320] Otherwise all general and flag officers must retire the month after their 64th birthday.[320] Officers that served several years in the enlisted ranks prior to receiving their commission typically don't make it to the 38 years in commission mark, because they are still subject to the age restrictions for retirement.
By statute, any three-star officer assigned as superintendent of the United States Military Academy,[321] superintendent of the United States Naval Academy,[322] and superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy[323] must retire upon completion of their assignment,[324] [322] [325] unless a waiver is granted by the secretary of defense.[326] [327] [328] The secretary of defense must also notify the House and Senate Armed Services committees and include a written notification of intent from the president to nominate the officer for reassignment.[326] [327] [328] If a waiver is granted, the subsequent nomination and appointment of such officer having served as superintendent of the Academy to a further assignment in lieu of retirement shall be subject to the advice and consent of the Senate.[326] [327] [328]
- Lieutenant General Sidney Bryan Berry is the last superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy not subject to the mandates for retirement, serving as commanding general of V Corps from 1977 to 1980 after his tenure as superintendent from 1974 to 1976.[329] His successor, General Andrew J. Goodpaster is the latest retired officer recalled to serve as superintendent, serving from 1977 to 1981.
- Rear Admiral Thomas C. Lynch is the last superintendent of the U.S. Naval Academy not subject to the mandates for retirement, serving as director of the Navy staff from 1994 to 1995 after his tenure as superintendent from 1991 to 1994. His successor, Admiral Charles R. Larson is the last four-star admiral to serve as superintendent, from 1994 to 1998.[330]
- Major General Robert E. Kelley is the last superintendent of the U.S. Air Force Academy not subject to the mandates for retirement, serving as the vice commander of Tactical Air Command from 1983 to 1986 after his tenure as superintendent from 1981 to 1983.
Senior officers typically retire well in advance of the statutory age and service limits, so as not to impede the upward career mobility of their juniors. The higher number of available three-star slots overall (ranging from around 100 to 200) means that lateral promotion is more likely for three-star officers before they either retire or are appointed to a higher rank. An officer who vacates a position bearing that rank has no more than 60 days to be appointed or reappointed to a position of equal or greater importance, including positions of four-star rank, before involuntary retirement.[265]
- For example, Lieutenant General H. Steven Blum was appointed as deputy commander of U.S. Northern Command in 2009. The incumbent deputy commander, Lieutenant General William G. Webster Jr., was appointed as commanding general of U.S. Army Central, whose incumbent commanding general, Lieutenant General James J. Lovelace Jr., received no further appointment and retired at the age of 60, with 39 years of service and six years in rank.
- Rear Admiral Ronald A. Route was promoted to vice admiral and appointed as naval inspector general in 2004. The incumbent inspector general, Vice Admiral Albert T. Church, was appointed as director of the Navy staff, whose incumbent director, Vice Admiral Patricia A. Tracey, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 52, with 34 years of service and six years in rank.
- Major General William H. Etter was promoted to lieutenant general and appointed as commander of First Air Force in 2013. The incumbent commander, Lieutenant General Stanley E. Clarke III, was appointed as director of the Air National Guard, whose incumbent director, Lieutenant General Harry M. Wyatt III, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 63, with 42 years of service and four years in rank.
- Rear Admiral Steven D. Poulin was promoted to vice admiral and appointed as commander of the Coast Guard Atlantic Area in 2020. The incumbent commander, Vice Admiral Scott A. Buschman, was appointed as deputy commandant for operations; the incumbent deputy commandant, Vice Admiral Daniel B. Abel, received no further appointment and retired at the age of 59, with 37 years of service and two years in rank.
A three-star officer may also be reduced to their permanent rank, and equivalent pay grade, in circumstances where reappointment to three-star rank is delayed. Historically, officers leaving three-star or four-star positions were allowed to revert to their permanent two-star ranks to mark time in lesser jobs until statutory retirement, but now such officers are expected to retire immediately to avoid obstructing the promotion flow.
- For example, Lieutenant General Timothy J. Kadavy reverted to his permanent grade of major general while awaiting confirmation as vice chief of the National Guard Bureau in 2019,[331] as he had not been assigned to another three-star position within 60 days of his relief as director of the Army National Guard. After his nomination was returned to the president without action,[332] he was certified to retire as a lieutenant general in 2020.[333]
- Vice Admiral John Poindexter reverted to his permanent grade of rear admiral in 1986, as he was not appointed by the Senate to another three-star post within 90 days after resigning as national security advisor to the president due to controversy surrounding the Iran-Contra affair,[334] and was reassigned to the Navy staff until retirement in 1987. His request to retire as a vice admiral was deferred by the secretary of the Navy due to expected congressional opposition.[335] [336]
To retire at three-star rank, or pay grade of rank, an officer must accumulate at least three years of satisfactory active-duty service in that rank, as determined by the secretary of defense.[337] The president and Congress must also receive certification by either the under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, the deputy under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, or the secretary of defense that the retiree served satisfactorily in rank.[337] The secretary of defense may reduce this requirement to two years, but only if the officer is not being investigated for misconduct.[338] The president may also reduce these requirements even further, or waive the requirements altogether, if he so chooses.[337] [338] Three-star officers who do not meet the service-in-rank requirement will retire at the last permanent rank satisfactorily held for six months.[337] The retiree may also be subject to congressional approval by the Senate before the retiree can retire in grade. It is extraordinarily rare for a three-star or four-star officer not to be certified to retire in grade or for the Senate to seek final approval.
- For example, Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft was certified by the Senate in 1975 to retire as a lieutenant general despite holding said grade for only a year as national security advisor to the president.[339]
- Lieutenant General Craig A. Franklin retired on 1 April 2014,[340] with two years and two days in grade, in response to charges of partiality in overseeing cases of sexual assault in Third Air Force.[341] Despite not being penalized for misconduct, his retirement before accumulating statutory time in grade resulted in his reduction to major general on the retired list.[342]
- Lieutenant General Ronald F. Lewis was relieved as senior military assistant to the secretary of defense on 12 November 2015, with approximately four months in grade.[343] He subsequently reverted to his permanent grade of major general pending an investigation by the Department of Defense inspector general for misconduct.[344] [345] His certification of satisfactory service as a major general was revoked,[346] thus reducing his retirement grade to brigadier general.[347]
Officers who are under investigation for misconduct typically are not allowed to retire until the investigation completes, so that the secretary of defense can decide whether to certify that their performance was satisfactory enough to retire in their highest grade.[337]
- For example, Lieutenant General Lee K. Levy II relinquished his three-star command in 2018,[348] but remained on active duty for over a year after his retirement ceremony in his permanent grade of major general pending an investigation by the Air Force inspector general,[349] before being allowed to retire as a major general.[350] [351]
- Vice Admiral Michael H. Miller relinquished his three-star command as scheduled in 2014,[352] but remained on active duty for almost a year in his permanent grade of rear admiral while under investigation for the Fat Leonard corruption scandal.[353] He was permitted to retire at three-star grade after being censured by the secretary of the Navy.[354]
Furthermore, all retired officers may still be subjected to the Uniform Code of Military Justice and disciplinary action, including reduction in retirement grade, by the secretary of defense or the president if they are deemed to have served unsatisfactorily in grade, after their retirement.[355]
- Lieutenant General Philip R. Kensinger Jr., who retired from the Army as a lieutenant general, faced court martial and demotion nearly two years after his retirement date of 1 February 2006,[356] [357] for making false statements regarding the Pat Tillman friendly fire incident.[358] He was allowed to retain his three-star rank and accompanying pay grade after the secretary of the Army opted not to pursue the heavier punishment, instead issuing Kensinger an official reprimand and censure.[359]
Officers holding a temporary three-star or four-star rank typically step down from their posts up to 60 days in advance of their official retirement dates. Officers retire on the first day of the month, so once a retirement month has been selected, the relief and retirement ceremonies are scheduled by counting backwards from that date by the number of days of accumulated leave remaining to the retiring officer. During this period, termed transition leave or terminal leave, the officer is considered to be awaiting retirement but still on active duty.
- For example, Lieutenant General Donald C. Wurster was relieved as commander of Air Force Special Operations Command on 24 June 2011,[360] and held his retirement ceremony the same day, but remained on active duty until his official retirement date on 1 August 2011.
A statutory limit can be waived by the president with the consent of Congress if it serves national interest. However, this is extremely rare. Only two four-star officers have been granted such a waiver in American history: General Lewis B. Hershey, who served as director of the Selective Service System from 1941 to 1970, and Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, who served as director of Naval Reactors from 1949 to 1982.
See also
Notes and References
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- Web site: Lieutenant General Milford H. Beagle, Jr. (USA). 2023-12-13. General Officer Management Office.
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- Web site: Commander, Joint Functional Component Command for Integrated Missile Defense (JFCC IMD). 2021-05-04. 2021-05-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20210504035841/https://www.stratcom.mil/Leadership/Bio-Article-View/Article/1348468/commander-joint-functional-component-command-for-integrated-missile-defense-jfc/. live.
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- Web site: Lieutenant General Scott A. Spellmon (USA). 2023-12-13. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Mary K. Izaguirre (USA). 2024-01-26. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Steven W. Gilland (USA). 2023-12-13. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: Superintendent's Biography. 2023-12-13. U.S. Military Academy.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Mark H. Landes (USA). 2024-08-08. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Christopher C. LaNeve (USA). 2024-04-05. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Xavier T. Brunson (USA). 2023-12-13. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Kevin D. Admiral (USA). 2024-08-08. General Officer Management Office.
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- Web site: Lieutenant General Charles D. Costanza (USA). 2024-04-08. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Christopher T. Donahue (USA). 2023-12-13. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: Director of the Army National Guard. 2024-08-05. National Guard Bureau.
- Web site: Chief, National Guard Bureau. 2024-08-06. National Guard Bureau.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Scott Pappano. 2024-07-12. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral John Fuller. 2023-12-08. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Darse E. "Del" Crandall Jr.. 2023-12-08. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Director, Marine Corps Staff - Lt Gen Gregg P. Olson. 2024-01-07. Office of the Director, Marine Corps Staff.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Michael J. Borgschulte. 2024-08-13. Office of the Deputy Commandant for Manpower and Reserve Affairs.
- Web site: Leaders - Deputy Commandant for Plans, Policies, and Operations. 2024-01-27. Office of the Deputy Commandant for Plans, Policies, and Operations.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Bradford J. Gering. 2024-02-17. Marine Corps Aviation.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Edward D. Banta. 2024-01-07. Office of the Deputy Commandant, Installations and Logistics.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Eric E. Austin. 2024-08-10. Office of the Deputy Commandant for Combat Development and Integration.
- Web site: Lieutenant General James H. Adams III. 2023-12-08. U.S. Marine Corps.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Melvin G. Carter. 2024-08-03. Office of the Deputy Commandant for Information.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Benjamin T. Watson. 2024-08-10. U.S. Marine Corps Training and Education Command.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Roberta L. Shea. 2024-08-08. U.S. Marine Corps Forces Command.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Calvert L. Worth Jr.. 2024-08-02. II Marine Expeditionary Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General William M. Jurney. 2024-01-07. U.S. Marine Corps Forces, Pacific.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Roger B. Turner. 2024-01-26. III Marine Expeditionary Force.
- Web site: Hitchcock. Owen. III MEF Change of Command Ceremony. 2024-01-26. 2024-01-27. III Marine Expeditionary Force. DVIDS.
- Web site: I MEF Change of Command. 2024-02-17. DVIDS.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Leonard F. Anderson IV. 2024-03-21. Marine Forces Reserve.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Michael Boyle. 2024-08-02. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: United States Navy Flag Officers (Public), August 2024. 2024-08-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20240802012557/https://www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Portals/55/Career/Detailing/Flag/August%202024%20Roster%20Public.pdf?ver=z3NziY5zQHplFT1COUQlQA%3D%3D. 2024-08-02. MyNavyHR.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Rick Cheeseman. 2024-01-07. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Karl Thomas. 2024-01-07. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: United States Navy Flag Officers (Public), February 2024. 2024-02-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20240202184024/https://www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Portals/55/Career/Detailing/Flag/February%202024%20Roster%20Public.pdf?ver=q__DkIG7_A3f6ngALJARSQ%3D%3D. 2024-02-02. MyNavyHR.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Daniel Dwyer. 2024-08-02. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Jeffrey T. Jablon. 2024-01-07. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral John B. "Brad" Skillman. 2024-01-09. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: United States Navy Flag Officers (Public), January 2024. 2024-01-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20240109010309/https://www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Portals/55/Career/Detailing/Flag/January%202024%20Roster%20Public.pdf?ver=mYbcp6EetFCvtPeHiNGlHA%3D%3D. 2024-01-09. MyNavyHR.
- Web site: Vice Admiral James Pitts. 2024-01-09. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral John Mustin. 2024-01-07. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Webcast: CNR Change of Command. 2024-08-16. DVIDS.
- Web site: United States Navy Flag Officers (Public), February 2024. 2024-02-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20240202184024/https://www.mynavyhr.navy.mil/Portals/55/Career/Detailing/Flag/February%202024%20Roster%20Public.pdf?ver=q__DkIG7_A3f6ngALJARSQ%3D%3D. 2024-02-02. MyNavyHR.
- Web site: Vice Adm. Michael Vernazza. 2024-07-25. Naval Information Forces.
- Web site: Stoner. Cameron. Submarine Force Holds Change of Command. 2021-09-11. 2022-10-07. Commander, Submarine Force Atlantic. Norfolk, Virginia. DVIDS.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Robert Gaucher. 2023-12-29. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Brendan McLane. 2024-01-07. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Anderson. Zachary. Commander, Naval Surface Forces, Holds Change of Command. 2023-12-21. 2023-12-22. Commander, Naval Surface Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet. Naval Base San Diego. DVIDS.
- Web site: Vice Admiral John Gumbleton. 2024-01-13. U.S. Fleet Forces Command.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Douglas G. Perry, Commander, U.S. 2nd Fleet. 2024-01-12. U.S. Second Fleet.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Thomas E. Ishee. 2024-01-07. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Blake L. Converse. 2022-12-22. U.S. Pacific Fleet.
- Web site: Chapman. Mikal. Commander, Naval Surface Forces, Change of Command. 2023-12-21. 2023-12-22. Commander, Naval Surface Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet. Naval Base San Diego. DVIDS.
- Web site: Vice Admiral John Wade. 2023-12-13. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Llanos. Maria. U.S. 3rd Fleet Holds Change of Command Ceremony. 2024-06-07. 2024-06-08. Commander, U.S. 3rd Fleet. San Diego. DVIDS.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Fred Kacher. 2024-02-15. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral George M. Wikoff. 2024-02-02. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Craig A. "Clap" Clapperton. 2024-01-07. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral James Downey. 2023-01-02. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: NAVSEA Change of Command. 2023-12-22. DVIDS.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Carl P. Chebi. 2024-01-07. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Scott Gray. 2023-12-19. Navy Installations Command.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Johnny Wolfe Jr.. 2024-01-07. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Yvette Davids. 2024-01-13. U.S. Navy.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Dale R. White. 2024-02-10. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Stephen L. Davis. 2023-12-05. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Scott L. Pleus. 2023-12-05. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Caroline M. Miller. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Leah G. Lauderback. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Adrian L. Spain. 2024-01-05. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Tom D. Miller. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General David A. Harris Jr.. 2024-01-09. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General David H. Tabor. 2024-08-08. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Andrew J. Gebara. 2024-01-05. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Charles L. Plummer. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General (Dr.) John J. DeGoes. 2024-08-16. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Tony D. Bauernfeind. 2024-08-02. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Spessa. Katherine. Bauernfeind assumes role as 22nd Academy superintendent. 2024-08-22. 2024-08-03. U.S. Air Force Academy Strategic Communications. Colorado. U.S. Air Force Academy.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Michael G. Koscheski. 2024-02-17. Air Combat Command.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Steven S. Nordhaus. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Derek C. France. 2024-04-18. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Thomas K. Hensley. 2024-08-02. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Pomerleau. Mark. New commander takes charge of Air Force’s information warfare unit. 2024-08-01. 2024-08-02. DefenseScoop.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Brian S. Robinson. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Andrea D. Tullos. 2023-12-08. Air University.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Michael J. Lutton. 2024-02-21. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Linda S. Hurry. 2024-02-03. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Donna D. Shipton. 2023-12-05. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Varhegyi. Jim. Lt Gen Donna Shipton assumes command of AFLCMC. 2024-01-18. 2024-01-19. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center Public Affairs. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Stacey T. Hawkins. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General John P. Healy. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Michael E. Conley. 2024-07-02. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Randall Reed. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Laura L. Lenderman. 2024-03-01. Pacific Air Forces.
- Web site: Lieutenant General David R. Iverson. 2024-01-30. Seventh Air Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General John D. Lamontagne. 2023-12-05. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: PN1985 — Lt. Gen. John D. Lamontagne — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-24. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Lieutenant General DeAnna M. Burt. 2023-09-30. U.S. Space Force.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Shawn N. Bratton. 2024-01-17. U.S. Space Force.
- Web site: Webcast: SpOC Change of Command Stream. 2024-01-06. DVIDS.
- Web site: Lieutenant General Philip A. Garrant. 2023-09-30. U.S. Space Force.
- Web site: SecAF redesignates Space Operations Command West as US Space Forces – Space. 2023-12-12. 2023-12-13. Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs. Arlington, Virginia. U.S. Space Force.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Peter W. Gautier. 2023-09-19. U.S. Coast Guard.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Thomas G. Allan Jr.. 2024-08-22. U.S. Coast Guard.
- Web site: US Coast Guard Atlantic Area holds change-of-command ceremony. 2024-05-16. 2024-05-18. Portsmouth, Virginia. U.S. Coast Guard News.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Andrew J. Tiongson. 2023-09-19. U.S. Coast Guard.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Vivek H. Murthy, MD, MBA. 2023-09-12. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 25 March 2021 .
- Web site: Vice Admiral Nancy Hann National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . 2024-08-17 . www.noaa.gov . en.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Nancy Hann . 2024-08-17 . U.S. Department of Commerce . en.
- Web site: Vice Admiral Joanna Nunan makes history as 14th Superintendent of USMMA. 2022-12-08. 2023-09-07. Kings Point, New York. United States Merchant Marine Academy.
- Web site: PN2007 — Maj. Gen. Jennifer M. Short — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-25. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: 2024-07-26 . General Officer Announcement . 2024-07-26 . U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: PN1830 — Maj. Gen. Paul T. Stanton — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-06-13. 2024-06-16. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-06-14. 2024-06-16. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: Major General Paul T. Stanton (USA). 2022-08-04. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: PN1913 — Maj. Gen. Joshua M. Rudd — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-08. 2024-07-10. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-07-10. 2024-07-11. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: PN1989 — Maj. Gen. Evan L. Pettus — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-07-24. 2024-07-26. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: PN1559 — Maj. Gen. Stephen F. Jost — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-03-21. 2024-03-23. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: General Officer Announcements . 2024-03-26 . U.S. Department of Defense . en-US.
- Web site: PN1997 — Rear Adm. Peter A. Garvin — Navy, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Flag Officer Announcements. 2024-07-26. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: PN1988 — Maj. Gen. Michael L. Downs — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: PN1995 — Maj. Gen. Gregory J. Brady — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: PN1911 — Maj. Gen. Joseph A. Ryan — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-08. 2024-07-10. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Major General Joseph A. Ryan (USA). 2024-08-13. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: PN1812 — Maj. Gen. Jeth B. Rey — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-06-04. 2024-06-06. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-06-07. 2024-06-08. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: PN1909 — Maj. Gen. David Wilson — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-08. 2024-07-10. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Major General David Wilson (USA). 2024-08-03. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: PN1994 — Maj. Gen. Edmond M. Brown — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Major General Edmond M. Brown (USA). 2024-08-04. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: PN1992 — Maj. Gen. Gavin A. Lawrence — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: PN1757 — Lt. Gen. Sean C. Bernabe — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-14. 2024-05-16. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-05-17. 2024-05-18. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: PN1991 — Maj. Gen. Joel B. Vowell — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Major General Joel B. Vowell (USA). 2024-08-04. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: PN1914 — Maj. Gen. William H. Graham Jr. — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-08. 2024-07-09. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Major General William H. Graham, Jr. (USA). 2024-08-04. General Officer Management Office.
- Web site: PN1831 — Maj. Gen. Matthew W. McFarlane — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-06-13. 2024-06-16. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: PN1698 — Maj. Gen. Gregory K. Anderson — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-07. 2024-05-08. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-05-09. 2024-05-10. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: PN1588 — Maj. Gen. Paul J. Rock Jr. — Marine Corps, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-04-08. 2024-04-10. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-04-10. 2024-04-11. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: PN1700 — Lt. Gen. Stephen D. Sklenka — Marine Corps, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-07. 2024-05-09. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: PN1505 — Lt. Gen. James F. Glynn — Marine Corps, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-03-14. 2024-03-16. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-03-19. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: PN1759 — Rear Adm. Christopher C. French — Navy, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-14. 2024-05-16. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Flag Officer Announcements. 2024-05-17. 2024-05-18. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: PN1762 — Rear Adm. Nancy S. Lacore — Navy, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-14. 2024-05-16. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: CNR Change of Command. 2024-08-10. DVIDS.
- Web site: PN1761 — Rear Adm. Jeffrey T. Anderson — Navy, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-14. 2024-05-16. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: PN1987 — Maj. Gen. Michael L. Ahmann — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: PN1990 — Maj. Gen. Rebecca J. Sonkiss — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: PN1655 — Maj. Gen. Jason T. Hinds — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-04-30. 2024-05-01. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: General Officer Announcement . 2024-05-08 . 2024-05-08 . U.S. Department of Defense . en-US.
- Web site: PN1503 — Maj. Gen. Duke A. Pirak — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-03-14. 2024-03-16. U.S. Congress.
- - Authorized strength: general officers and flag officers on active duty.
- – Distribution of commissioned officers on active duty in general officer and flag officer grades.
- – Vice admirals.
- – Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff.
- – Office of Army Reserve: appointment of Chief.
- – Special branches.
- – Inspector General.
- – Chiefs of branches: appointment; duties.
- – Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General, and general officers of Judge Advocate General's Corps: appointment; duties.
- Web site: U.S. Navy Vice Admiral - Pay Grade and Rank Details. 2021-08-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20190702000932/https://www.federalpay.org/military/navy/vice-admiral. 2019-07-02. FederalPay.
- – Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations.
- – Naval Inspector General: detail; duties.
- – Judge Advocate General's Corps: Office of the Judge Advocate General; Judge Advocate General; appointment, term, emoluments, duties.
- – Commands: territorial organization.
- Web site: U.S. Air Force Lieutenant General - Pay Grade and Rank Detail. 2021-08-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004055/https://www.federalpay.org/military/air-force/lieutenant-general. 2022-03-21. FederalPay.
- – Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff.
- – Office of Air Force Reserve: appointment of Chief.
- – Inspector General.
- – Surgeon General: appointment; duties.
- – Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General: appointment; duties.
- Web site: U.S. Marine Corps Lieutenant General - Pay Grade and Rank Details. 2022-05-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120062921/https://www.federalpay.org/military/marine-corps/lieutenant-general. 2022-01-20. FederalPay.
- – Deputy Commandants.
- Web site: U.S. Coast Guard Vice Admiral - Pay Grade and Rank Details. 2021-08-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213811/https://www.federalpay.org/military/coast-guard/vice-admiral. 2022-05-30. FederalPay.
- – Grades, ranks, and titles of commissioned corps.
- Web site: Adams. Amilynn E.. 2016-12-09. NOAA Corps Commissioned Personnel Center. 2021-03-22. NOAA Commissioned Personnel Center Cyberflash. U.S. Department of Commerce. EN-US.
- – Authorized strength: general and flag officers on active duty.
- – Senior joint officer positions: recommendations to the Secretary of Defense.
- – Joint Staff.
- – Officers serving in certain intelligence positions: military status; exclusion from distribution and strength limitations; pay and allowances.
- – Authority to suspend sections 523, 525, and 526.
- – Positions of importance and responsibility: generals and lieutenant generals; admirals and vice admirals.
- – Reporting of vacancies.
- Web site: PN762 — Maj. Gen. Ryan F. Gonsalves — Army, 115th Congress (2017-2018). 2017-07-13. 2021-08-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316032413/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/115th-congress/762. March 16, 2022. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Myers. Meghann. Army 2-star loses promotion after calling congressional staffer 'sweetheart'. 2018-01-06. 2022-08-03. Army Times.
- Web site: PN832 — Rear Adm. Elizabeth L. Train — Navy, 114th Congress (2015-2016). 2015-09-15. 2021-08-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531053425/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/114th-congress/832. 2022-05-31. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Larter. David. Navy withdraws intel boss nominee, furthering uncertainty. 2016-04-01. 2022-08-03. Navy Times.
- Web site: PN207 – Lt. Gen. Susan J. Helms – Air Force, 113th Congress (2013–2014). 2013-11-07. 2021-08-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20220801065332/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/113th-congress/207?s=1&r=22. 2022-08-01. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Senator puts hold on Air Force officer's promotion. 2013-04-25. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220529220307/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/senator-puts-hold-on-air-force-officers-promotion. 2022-05-29. Associated Press. Fox News.
- Web site: Helms Nomination Withdrawn. 2013-11-18. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213807/https://www.airforcemag.com/helms-nomination-withdrawn/. 2022-05-30. Air Force Magazine.
- Web site: Carroll. Chris. Helms nomination for Space Command withdrawn. 2013-11-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530195910/https://www.stripes.com/news/helms-nomination-for-space-command-withdrawn-1.251789. 2022-05-30. Washington, D.C.. Stars and Stripes.
- Web site: Harris. Shane. Lubold. Gordon. Obama Poised to Yank Top Military Intel Pick. 2014-06-27. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530221744/https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/06/27/obama-poised-to-yank-top-military-intel-pick/. 2022-05-30. Foreign Policy.
- Web site: Matishak. Martin. Rep. Hunter opposes possible nominee to lead Pentagon spy agency. 2014-05-02. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220623180316/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/205041-hunter-opposes-possible-nominee-to-lead-pentagon-spy-agency/. 2022-06-23. The Hill.
- Web site: General Surprises Fort Sill Crowd With Retirement. 1991-07-20. 2022-08-01. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20210816170902/https://www.oklahoman.com/article/2363370/general-surprises-fort-sill-crowd-with-retirement. 2021-08-16. Associated Press. Fort Sill, Oklahoma. The Oklahoman.
- Web site: PN239 – Maj. Gen. Raphael J. Hallada – Army, 102nd Congress (1991–1992). 1991-09-25. 2021-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530042647/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/102nd-congress/239?s=1&r=43. 2022-05-30. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Soldiers Charged in Artillery Accident That Killed Three. 1989-10-21. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530220631/https://apnews.com/article/7226a9df120562fd2cfe89e92e80dba1. 2022-05-30. Associated Press. Fort Sill, Oklahoma. AP News.
- Web site: Trial ruled out in Fort Sill deaths. 1989-12-30. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530212949/https://tulsaworld.com/archive/trial-ruled-out-in-fort-sill-deaths/article_ace409d6-0985-5d8b-9f53-fc4c6f586ff6.html. 2022-05-30. Associated Press. Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Tulsa World.
- Web site: PN420 – Maj. Gen. Joseph J. Taluto – Army, 111th Congress (2009–2010). 2010-05-19. 2021-08-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531053425/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/111th-congress/420?s=1&r=20. 2022-05-31. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Esposito. Siobhan. Siobhan Esposito's Blog: Fragging Widow Slams Taluto as Unfit to Lead Guard. 2009-05-14. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530204919/http://siobhanesposito.blogspot.com/2009/05/fragging-widow-slams-taluto-as-unfit-to.html. 2022-05-30. Alexandria, Virginia. Siobhan Esposito's Blog.
- Web site: Franco. James. Gen. Taluto quits nomination, retires. 2010-01-29. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530010415/https://www.troyrecord.com/2010/01/29/gen-taluto-quits-nomination-retires/. 2022-05-30. Troy Record.
- Web site: PN1287 – Rear Adm. Elizabeth A. Hight – Navy, 110th Congress (2007–2008). 2008-07-30. 2021-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530042642/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/110th-congress/1287. 2022-05-30. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Brewin. Bob. Defense plans to withdraw Hight's nomination to head DISA. 2008-06-20. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220801072032/https://www.nextgov.com/cxo-briefing/2008/06/defense-plans-to-withdraw-hights-nomination-to-head-disa/42165/. 2022-08-01. NextGov.
- Web site: Standing Rules of the Senate. 2013-11-04. 2021-08-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20201005224538/https://www.rules.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CDOC-113sdoc18.pdf. 2020-10-05. Washington, D.C.. U.S. Government Publishing Office. U.S. Senate.
- Web site: PN213 – Maj. Gen. Charles M. Gurganus – Marine Corps, 113th Congress (2013–2014). 2014-01-03. 2021-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004122/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/113th-congress/213. 2022-03-21. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Shanker. Thom. Two Marine Corps Generals Are Forced to Retire Over Fatal Security Breach. 2013-09-30. 2022-05-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20220521053812/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/01/us/high-ranking-marine-generals-forced-to-retire-over-fatal-security-breach.html. 2022-05-21. Washington, D.C.. The New York Times.
- Web site: Carroll. Chris. Two Marine generals fired in wake of brazen Taliban attack on Camp Bastion. 2013-09-30. 2022-05-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004102/https://www.stripes.com/branches/marine_corps/two-marine-generals-fired-in-wake-of-brazen-taliban-attack-on-camp-bastion-1.244316. 2022-03-21. Stars and Stripes.
- Web site: Woolbright. Matt. Abel takes control of Alaska Coast Guard. 2014-06-14. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20210816170903/https://www.peninsulaclarion.com/news/abel-takes-control-of-alaska-coast-guard/. 2021-08-16. Morris News-Service Alaska. Peninsula Clarion.
- Web site: PN1547 – Rear Adm. Thomas P. Ostebo – Coast Guard, 113th Congress (2013–2014). 2014-12-07. 2021-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20220529220312/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/113th-congress/1547. 2022-05-29. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Wyden, Ronald Lee. Letter from Senator Ron Wyden to Senator Harry Reid. 2014-11-18. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530195912/http://media.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/other/Wyden%20to%20Reid.pdf. 2022-05-30. United States Senate. Dirksen Senate Office Building. Oregon Live.
- Web site: Rossi confirmed for appointment to SMDC. 2016-05-16. 2022-05-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220417065333/https://www.army.mil/article/167241/rossi_confirmed_for_appointment_to_smdc. 2022-04-17. USASMDC/ARSTRAT Public Affairs. Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. U.S. Army.
- Web site: PN1329 — Maj. Gen. John G. Rossi — Army, 114th Congress (2015-2016). 2016-04-14. 2021-08-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316025538/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/114th-congress/1329. 2022-03-16. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Army: Two-star general committed suicide on Alabama military base. 2016-10-28. 2022-05-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316032159/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/army-two-star-general-committed-suicide-alabama-military-base/. 2022-03-16. Associated Press. Washington, D.C.. CBS News.
- Web site: PN1823 — Maj. Gen. James H. Dickinson — Army, 114th Congress (2015-2016). 2016-11-15. 2021-08-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004122/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/114th-congress/1823. 2022-03-21. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Eckstein. Megan. VADM Stearney Takes Command of 5th Fleet; RADM Corey Takes Over PEO Unmanned Aviation and Strike Weapons. 2018-05-08. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531053431/https://news.usni.org/2018/05/08/vadm-stearney-takes-command-of-5th-fleet-radm-corey-takes-over-peo-unmanned-aviation-and-strike-weapons. 2022-05-31. USNI News.
- Web site: PN2124 – Rear Adm. James J. Malloy – Navy, 115th Congress (2017–2018). 2018-06-28. 2021-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20220529220307/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/115th-congress/2124. 2022-05-29. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Karsten. Joshua. Malloy assumes command of 5th Fleet following Stearney's death. 2018-12-07. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530195911/https://www.stripes.com/news/malloy-assumes-command-of-5th-fleet-following-stearney-s-death-1.559627. 2022-05-30. Manama, Bahrain. Stars and Stripes.
- Book: U.S. Special Operations Command: Challenges and Opportunities. 2010-09-21. 42. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 9780160865350.
- Web site: PN2075 – Maj. Gen. Scott C. Black – Army, 110th Congress (2007–2008). 2008-09-22. 2021-08-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530195911/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/110th-congress/2075. 2022-05-30. U.S. Congress.
- Book: Anchor of Resolve: A History of US Naval Forces Central Command. 38. 2021-08-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220612032623/https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/nhhc/research/publications/Publication-PDF/AnchorOfResolve.pdf. 2022-06-12.
- Web site: Sutton. 2020. 2021-08-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220407143346/http://navysna.org/member-resources/final-call/Sutton.pdf. 2022-04-07. Surface Navy Association.
- Web site: PUBLIC LAW 106–398—OCT. 30, 2000, National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2001.. 2000-10-30. 2022-05-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220417065333/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-106publ398/pdf/PLAW-106publ398.pdf. 2022-04-17. U.S. Government Publishing Office.
- Web site: PN1735 – Maj. Gen. Joseph L. Lengyel – Air Force, 112th Congress (2011–2012). 2012-07-26. 2021-08-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213808/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/112th-congress/1735. 2022-05-30. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Greenhill. Jim. Chief, vice chief of National Guard Bureau confirmed. 2012-07-26. 2022-05-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20220523115914/https://www.dvidshub.net/news/printable/92232%7Ctitle%3DChief%2C%20vice%20chief%20of%20National%20Guard%20Bureau%20confirmed. 2022-05-23. DVIDS.
- Web site: MARINE CORPS BULLETIN 5400. Headquarters Marine Corps. 2019-01-17. 2022-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530221744/https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/MCBUL%205400.pdf?ver=2019-02-06-082807-103. 2022-05-30. U.S. Marine Corps.
- Web site: Stephenson. Samuel. Training and Education Command Becomes a Three-Star Command. 2020-03-08. 2022-05-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004057/https://www.tecom.marines.mil/News/Press-Release-View/Article/2302387/training-and-education-command-becomes-a-three-star-command/. 2022-03-21. Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia. U.S. Marine Corps Training and Education Command.
- Web site: Bonjoc. Mellizza. Change of Command Ceremony for Training and Education Command [Image 3 of 3]]. 2020-08-03. 2022-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20210823074958/https://www.dvidshub.net/image/6295030/change-command-ceremony-training-and-education-command. 2021-08-23. Defense Media Activity - Marines. Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia. DVIDS.
- Web site: Christenson. Sig. Training Command loses a star. 2015-02-28. 2022-07-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004056/https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Training-command-loses-a-star-6108262.php. 2022-03-21. San Antonio Express-News.
- Web site: Roberson takes command of AETC. 2015-07-22. 2022-08-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004057/https://www.jbsa.mil/News/News/Article/610580/roberson-takes-command-of-aetc/. 2022-03-21. Air Education and Training Command Public Affairs. Joint Base San Antonio.
- – Appointment and tenure of office of Surgeon General; reversion in rank.
- – Chairman: appointment; grade and rank
- – Vice Chairman
- Web site: PN1315 – Rear Adm. John D. Bulkeley – Navy, 100th Congress (1987–1988). 1988-08-10. 2021-09-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20210809045141/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/100th-congress/1315. 2021-08-09. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Vice Admiral John Duncan Bulkeley, USN (Retired), (1911–1996). 2021-09-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530212959/https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/us-people/b/bulkeley-john-d.html. 2022-05-30. Naval History and Heritage Command.
- – Retirement for years of service: regular officers in grades above brigadier general and rear admiral (lower half).
- (d) – Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve general and flag officers
- (g) – Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve general and flag officers
- – Age 64: regular commissioned officers in general and flag officer grades; exception
- – Establishment; Superintendent; faculty.
- – Superintendent.
- – Establishment; Superintendent; faculty.
- – Superintendent: condition for detail to position.
- – Superintendent: condition for detail to position.
- – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Military Academy; waiver authority.
- – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy; waiver authority.
- – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy; waiver authority.
- Web site: Martin. Douglas. Lt. Gen. Sidney Berry, West Point Chief, Dies at 87. 2013-07-17. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220617002852/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/18/us/lt-gen-sidney-berry-west-point-chief-dies-at-87.html. 2022-06-17. The New York Times.
- Web site: Scott. Shane. At the academy's helm Superintendent: Adm. Charles R. Larson could have retired in 1994 after a distinguished naval career. Instead, he returned to Annapolis to resurrect his beloved Naval Academy.. 1997-03-02. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531053426/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1997-03-02-1997061036-story.html. 2022-05-31. The Baltimore Sun.
- Web site: Nominations Would Mean Leadership Switch at Guard Bureau. 2019-03-12. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220722143612/https://www.ngaus.org/about-ngaus/newsroom/nominations-would-mean-leadership-switch-guard-bureau. 2022-07-22. NGAUS Newsroom. Washington, D. C.. National Guard Association of the United States.
- Web site: PN460 – Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Kadavy – Army, 116th Congress (2019–2020). 2019-03-05. 2021-08-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20220722091924/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/116th-congress/460. 2022-07-22. U.S. Congress.
- Web site: Crawford. Lisa. LTG Timothy J. Kadavy retires after 36 years of service. 2020-08-03. 2022-07-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220322015816/https://www.flickr.com/photos/nenationalguard/albums/72157715349382346. 2022-03-22. Nebraska National Guard. Lincoln, Nebraska. Flickr.
- Web site: Glass. Andrew. Iran-Contra dealings revealed, Nov. 25, 1986. 2016-11-25. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213808/https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/iran-contra-dealings-revealed-november-25-1986-231769. 2022-05-30. Politico.
- News: Moore. Molly. Poindexter Asks to Retire with Third Star. 1987-08-28. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220803141309/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/08/28/poindexter-asks-to-retire-with-3-stars/05bf6281-4b10-4070-a47d-4b9943ec8276/. 2022-08-03. The Washington Post.
- News: Moore. Molly. Poindexter to Retire Without Third Star. 1987-09-26. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220803141140/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/09/26/poindexter-to-retire-without-third-star/dadd457b-98cb-4695-9abc-f2fb39090702/. 2022-08-03. The Washington Post.
- – Commissioned officers: general rule; exceptions
- Web site: Gearan. Anne. Cashiered general tells Army he'll retire. 2010-06-28. 2021-03-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20210524062012/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-cashiered-general-tells-army-hell-retire-2010jun28-story.html. 2021-05-24. Associated Press. Washington, D. C.. The San Diego Union-Tribune.
- Web site: Peters. Heidi. Kapp. Lawrence. McInnis. Kathleen. Precedent for the Service of Active Duty Three-Star Generals and Flag Officers as the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. 2017-03-02. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220802023152/http://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/precedent.pdf. 2022-08-02. Congressional Research Service. Federation of American Scientists.
- News: Whitlock. Craig. Air Force general to retire after criticism for handling of sexual-assault case. 2014-01-08. 2021-08-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20220803142144/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/air-force-general-criticized-for-handling-of-sexual-assault-cases-to-retire/2014/01/08/9942df96-787d-11e3-b1c5-739e63e9c9a7_story.html. 2022-08-03. The Washington Post.
- Web site: Childress. Sarah. Emails Shed New Light on Military Sexual Assault Case. 2013-09-04. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20201111231657/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/emails-shed-new-light-on-military-sexual-assault-case/. 2020-11-11. PBS News.
- Web site: Montgomery. Nancy. Franklin will retire as a two-star, officials say. 2014-01-09. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531105023/https://www.stripes.com/news/franklin-will-retire-as-a-two-star-officials-say-1.261202. 2022-05-31. Stars and Stripes.
- News: Ryan. Missy. Whitlock. Craig. Pentagon chief Ashton Carter just fired his top military aide over 'misconduct'. 2015-11-12. 2021-08-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20151203032112/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/11/12/pentagon-chief-ashton-carter-just-fired-his-top-military-adviser-over-misconduct/. 2015-12-03. The Washington Post.
- Web site: Report of Investigation: Ronald F. Lewis, Major General, U.S. Army. 2016-10-04. 2021-06-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213808/https://media.defense.gov/2016/Oct/06/2001714284/-1/-1/1/DODIG-2017-001.pdf. 2022-05-30. Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Department of Defense.
- Web site: Cooper. Helene. Army General Used Government Credit Card at Strip Clubs, Pentagon Says. 2016-10-06. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530221744/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/07/us/general-ron-lewis-credit-card-gentlemens-club.html. 2022-05-30. Washington, D. C.. The New York Times.
- Web site: McCausland. Phil. Kube. Courtney. Former Major General Demoted in Retirement for Using Credit Card at Strip Clubs. 2017-02-09. 2021-06-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20170210173855/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/former-major-general-demoted-retirement-using-credit-card-strip-clubs-n719156. 2017-02-10. NBC News.
- Web site: Army demotes former defense secretary's 3-star aide after scathing IG investigation. 2017-02-09. 2021-06-09. Army Times.
- Web site: Air Force Sustainment Center Change of Command and Retirement Ceremony. 2018-07-08. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530212950/https://www.dvidshub.net/video/617737/air-force-sustainment-center-change-command-and-retirement-ceremony. 2022-05-30. 105th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment. DVIDS.
- Web site: Roza. David. 'If he was on the battlefield, he probably would've been shot in the back' — Inside the toxic command of Air Force Lt. Gen. Lee Levy. 2019-12-03. 2022-06-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20201029222223/https://taskandpurpose.com/news/air-force-general-lee-levy/. 2020-10-29. Task & Purpose.
- Web site: Major General Lee K. Levy II. 2021-08-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004117/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/108506/lee-k-levy-ii/. 2022-03-21. U.S. Air Force.
- Web site: Losey. Stephen. 'Oink, oink.' Lieutenant general belittled staff, mocked female airman's weight, IG found. It cost him a star.. 2019-11-26. 2022-08-03. Air Force Times.
- Web site: Brown. Matthew Hay. New superintendent says Naval Academy will meet evolving challenges. 2014-07-23. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213808/https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/anne-arundel/annapolis/bs-md-naval-academy-change-of-command-20140723-story.html. 2022-05-30. Annapolis, Maryland. The Baltimore Sun.
- Web site: Prudente. Tim. Admiral working at Naval Academy while under investigation. 2015-02-12. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220803143655/https://www.chicagotribune.com/. 2022-08-03. Chicago Tribune.
- Web site: Larter. David. Navy rebukes 3 admirals for accepting dinners, gifts. 2015-07-18. 2022-08-03. Navy Times.
- News: Goldman. Adam. Whitlock. Craig. 2015-12-07. Army recommends no further punishment for Petraeus. live. 2016-01-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20160202203021/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/army-recommends-no-punishment-for-petraeus-after-receiving-doj-materials/2015/12/07/2a31d43e-9867-11e5-94f0-9eeaff906ef3_story.html?tid=a_inl. 2016-02-02. The Washington Post.
- Web site: Demotion Expected for Role in Tillman Case. 2007-07-27. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530011920/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/27/us/27tillman.html. 2022-05-30. Washington, D. C.. The New York Times.
- News: Geren. Preston Murdoch. MEMORANDUM FOR THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY (MANPOWER AND RESERVE AFFAIRS). 2007-07-30. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220803144213/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/documents/Tillman_073107.pdf?hpid=moreheadlines. 2022-08-03. Office of the United States Secretary of the Army. Washington, D. C.. The Washington Post.
- Web site: Leary. Warren. Army: Tillman was likely killed by friendly fire. 2004-05-30. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530215952/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2004-05-30-0405300144-story.html. 2022-05-30. The Orlando Sentinel.
- Web site: Read. Morgan. Army censures general over Tillman case. 2007-08-01. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530212950/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-afghan-tillman-idUSN3124357420070731. 2022-05-30. Washington, D. C.. Reuters.
- – Recognizing the Dedicated Service of Lieutenant General Donald C. Wurster, United States Air Force.