List of active duty United States three-star officers explained

There are currently 162 active-duty three-star officers in federal uniformed service, of which 161 three-star officers are part of the eight federal uniformed services of the United States. There are 53 in the Army, 19 in the Marine Corps, 37 in the Navy, 40 in the Air Force, five in the Space Force, four in the Coast Guard, one in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps, and one in the NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps. The final three-star officer comes from the Maritime Service, which is a federal uniformed organization that is not recognized as part of the of federal uniformed services.

List of designated three-star positions

Department of Defense

Other joint positions

Department of the Army

United States Army

Department of the Navy

United States Navy

Department of the Air Force

United States Space Force

Department of Homeland Security

United States Coast Guard

Department of Health and Human Services

United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps

Position insigniaPosition PhotoIncumbentService branch
Office of the Surgeon General
Surgeon General of the United States (SG)Vice Admiral
Vivek H. Murthy[183]

U.S. Public Health Service

Department of Commerce

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Officer Corps

Position insigniaPosition PhotoIncumbentService branch
Office of the Under Secretary of Commerce for Oceans and Atmosphere
Deputy Under Secretary for Operations, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DUSO)Vice Admiral
Nancy A. Hann[184] [185]

NOAA Commissioned Corps

Department of Transportation

United States Maritime Service

Position insigniaPosition PhotoIncumbentService branch
Office of the Superintendent
Superintendent of the United States Merchant Marine Academy (USMMA)Vice Admiral
Joanna M. Nunan[186]

U.S. Maritime Service

Statutory limits

As with four-star officers, the U.S. Code explicitly limits the number of three-star officers that may be on active duty at any given time. The total number of active-duty general or flag officers is capped at 219 for the Army, 150 for the Navy, 171 for the Air Force, 64 for the Marine Corps, and 21 for the Space Force.[235] Statute also sets the total number of three-star officers allowed in these services,[236] which equates to about 23% of each service's total active-duty general or flag officer pool. The number is set at 46 three-star Army generals,[236] 17 three-star Marine Corps generals,[236] 34 three-star Navy admirals,[236] 44 three-star Air Force generals,[236] seven three-star Space Force generals,[236] and five three-star Coast Guard admirals.[237]

While a number of these positions are set by statute, most do not have the accompanying statutory three-star rank. By convention, however:

The president may also designate positions of importance and responsibility to other agencies in the executive branch aside from the Coast Guard and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to be held by an officer with the rank of vice admiral, with corresponding pay and allowance.[237]

Exceptions

Exceptions exist that allow for the appointment of three-star officers beyond statutory limits. The secretary of defense can designate up to 68 three-star officers,[260] who do not count against any service's general or flag officer limit, to serve in one of several joint positions.[261] For three-star officers, these include senior positions on the Joint Staff such as the director of the Joint Staff and deputy commanders of unified combatant commands.[262] Officers serving in certain intelligence positions are not counted against statutory limits, including the deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency, associate director for military affairs of the Central Intelligence Agency, and the advisor for military affairs to the director of National Intelligence.[263] The president can appoint additional three-star officers in any one service, in excess of that service's three-star limit, as long as they are offset by reducing an equivalent number of three-stars from other services. Finally, all statutory limits may be waived at the president's discretion during time of war or national emergency.[264]

Appointment

Like with four-stars, three-star grade of ranks are temporary in nature; officers may only achieve three stars if they are appointed to positions that require or allow the officer to hold the rank.[265] Their rank expires with the expiration of their term of office, which is normally set by statute.[265] The president nominates three-star officers from any eligible officers holding one-star rank and above who also meet the other requirements for the position, based on the advice of their respective executive department secretary, service secretary, and if applicable the Joint Chiefs.[265] The nominee must be confirmed via majority by the Senate before the appointee can take office and thus assume the rank.[265]

While it is rare for nominations to face even token opposition in the Senate, nominations that do face opposition due to controversy surrounding the nominee in question are typically withdrawn.[266]

Nominations that are not withdrawn are allowed to expire without action at the end of the legislative session, with said nominations being returned to the President.[266] [286]

Additionally, events that occur after Senate confirmation may delay or even prevent the nominee from assuming office, necessitating that another nominee be selected and considered by the Senate.

Command elevation and reduction

Any billet in the armed forces may be designated as a position of importance requiring the holder of the position to be of three-star or four-star rank.[265] One-star and two-star billets may be elevated to three-star or four-star level as appropriate, either by act of Congress, or within statutory limits by the services at their discretion. Congress may propose such elevations or reductions to the president and Department of Defense.[300]

An officer leading a command or office elevated to three-star rank can be promoted while in their present position, reassigned to another office of equal rank, or retire if another nominee is selected as their replacement.

A lower-level billet may be elevated to three-stars, in accordance with being designated as a position of importance, to highlight importance to the defense apparatus or achieve parity with equivalent commands in the same area of responsibility or service branch.

A four-star billet may also be reduced to three-stars, usually to compensate for another billet being elevated to four-star level and thus remain within statutory limits.

Tour length

The standard tour length for a three-star officer is three years, specifically a two-year term with a one-year extension. Unlike with four-star ranks, many three-star positions have stipulated term lengths in the U.S. Code:

All appointees serve at the pleasure of the president. Extensions of the standard tour length can be approved, within statutory limits, by their respective service secretaries, the secretary of defense, the president, and/or Congress but these are rare, as they block other officers from being promoted. Some statutory limits of tour length under the U.S. Code can be waived in times of national emergency or war.[313] [314] Three-star grades may also be given by act of Congress but this is extremely rare.

Retirement

Besides voluntary retirement, statute sets a number of mandates for retirement. A three-star officer may serve for a maximum of 38 years of commissioned service unless reappointed to rank to serve longer or appointed to a higher rank.[317] Three-star officers on reserve active duty must retire after five years in grade or 30 days after completion of 38 years of commissioned service, whichever is later, unless reappointed to rank to serve longer.[318] Three-star reserve officers of the Army and Air Force can have their retirements deferred by their service secretary until the officer's 66th birthday,[319] which the secretary of defense may do for all active-duty officers,[320] and the president can defer it until the officer's 68th birthday.[320] Otherwise all general and flag officers must retire the month after their 64th birthday.[320] Officers that served several years in the enlisted ranks prior to receiving their commission typically don't make it to the 38 years in commission mark, because they are still subject to the age restrictions for retirement.

By statute, any three-star officer assigned as superintendent of the United States Military Academy,[321] superintendent of the United States Naval Academy,[322] and superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy[323] must retire upon completion of their assignment,[324] [322] [325] unless a waiver is granted by the secretary of defense.[326] [327] [328] The secretary of defense must also notify the House and Senate Armed Services committees and include a written notification of intent from the president to nominate the officer for reassignment.[326] [327] [328] If a waiver is granted, the subsequent nomination and appointment of such officer having served as superintendent of the Academy to a further assignment in lieu of retirement shall be subject to the advice and consent of the Senate.[326] [327] [328]

Senior officers typically retire well in advance of the statutory age and service limits, so as not to impede the upward career mobility of their juniors. The higher number of available three-star slots overall (ranging from around 100 to 200) means that lateral promotion is more likely for three-star officers before they either retire or are appointed to a higher rank. An officer who vacates a position bearing that rank has no more than 60 days to be appointed or reappointed to a position of equal or greater importance, including positions of four-star rank, before involuntary retirement.[265]

A three-star officer may also be reduced to their permanent rank, and equivalent pay grade, in circumstances where reappointment to three-star rank is delayed. Historically, officers leaving three-star or four-star positions were allowed to revert to their permanent two-star ranks to mark time in lesser jobs until statutory retirement, but now such officers are expected to retire immediately to avoid obstructing the promotion flow.

To retire at three-star rank, or pay grade of rank, an officer must accumulate at least three years of satisfactory active-duty service in that rank, as determined by the secretary of defense.[337] The president and Congress must also receive certification by either the under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, the deputy under secretary of defense for personnel and readiness, or the secretary of defense that the retiree served satisfactorily in rank.[337] The secretary of defense may reduce this requirement to two years, but only if the officer is not being investigated for misconduct.[338] The president may also reduce these requirements even further, or waive the requirements altogether, if he so chooses.[337] [338] Three-star officers who do not meet the service-in-rank requirement will retire at the last permanent rank satisfactorily held for six months.[337] The retiree may also be subject to congressional approval by the Senate before the retiree can retire in grade. It is extraordinarily rare for a three-star or four-star officer not to be certified to retire in grade or for the Senate to seek final approval.

Officers who are under investigation for misconduct typically are not allowed to retire until the investigation completes, so that the secretary of defense can decide whether to certify that their performance was satisfactory enough to retire in their highest grade.[337]

Furthermore, all retired officers may still be subjected to the Uniform Code of Military Justice and disciplinary action, including reduction in retirement grade, by the secretary of defense or the president if they are deemed to have served unsatisfactorily in grade, after their retirement.[355]

Officers holding a temporary three-star or four-star rank typically step down from their posts up to 60 days in advance of their official retirement dates. Officers retire on the first day of the month, so once a retirement month has been selected, the relief and retirement ceremonies are scheduled by counting backwards from that date by the number of days of accumulated leave remaining to the retiring officer. During this period, termed transition leave or terminal leave, the officer is considered to be awaiting retirement but still on active duty.

A statutory limit can be waived by the president with the consent of Congress if it serves national interest. However, this is extremely rare. Only two four-star officers have been granted such a waiver in American history: General Lewis B. Hershey, who served as director of the Selective Service System from 1941 to 1970, and Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, who served as director of Naval Reactors from 1949 to 1982.

See also

Notes and References

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  157. Web site: Lieutenant General Derek C. France. 2024-04-18. U.S. Air Force.
  158. Web site: Lieutenant General Thomas K. Hensley. 2024-08-02. U.S. Air Force.
  159. Web site: Pomerleau. Mark. New commander takes charge of Air Force’s information warfare unit. 2024-08-01. 2024-08-02. DefenseScoop.
  160. Web site: Lieutenant General Brian S. Robinson. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
  161. Web site: Lieutenant General Andrea D. Tullos. 2023-12-08. Air University.
  162. Web site: Lieutenant General Michael J. Lutton. 2024-02-21. U.S. Air Force.
  163. Web site: Lieutenant General Linda S. Hurry. 2024-02-03. U.S. Air Force.
  164. Web site: Lieutenant General Donna D. Shipton. 2023-12-05. U.S. Air Force.
  165. Web site: Varhegyi. Jim. Lt Gen Donna Shipton assumes command of AFLCMC. 2024-01-18. 2024-01-19. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center Public Affairs. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Air Force Life Cycle Management Center.
  166. Web site: Lieutenant General Stacey T. Hawkins. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
  167. Web site: Lieutenant General John P. Healy. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
  168. Web site: Lieutenant General Michael E. Conley. 2024-07-02. U.S. Air Force.
  169. Web site: Lieutenant General Randall Reed. 2023-12-08. U.S. Air Force.
  170. Web site: Lieutenant General Laura L. Lenderman. 2024-03-01. Pacific Air Forces.
  171. Web site: Lieutenant General David R. Iverson. 2024-01-30. Seventh Air Force.
  172. Web site: Lieutenant General John D. Lamontagne. 2023-12-05. U.S. Air Force.
  173. Web site: PN1985 — Lt. Gen. John D. Lamontagne — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-24. U.S. Congress.
  174. Web site: Lieutenant General DeAnna M. Burt. 2023-09-30. U.S. Space Force.
  175. Web site: Lieutenant General Shawn N. Bratton. 2024-01-17. U.S. Space Force.
  176. Web site: Webcast: SpOC Change of Command Stream. 2024-01-06. DVIDS.
  177. Web site: Lieutenant General Philip A. Garrant. 2023-09-30. U.S. Space Force.
  178. Web site: SecAF redesignates Space Operations Command West as US Space Forces – Space. 2023-12-12. 2023-12-13. Secretary of the Air Force Public Affairs. Arlington, Virginia. U.S. Space Force.
  179. Web site: Vice Admiral Peter W. Gautier. 2023-09-19. U.S. Coast Guard.
  180. Web site: Vice Admiral Thomas G. Allan Jr.. 2024-08-22. U.S. Coast Guard.
  181. Web site: US Coast Guard Atlantic Area holds change-of-command ceremony. 2024-05-16. 2024-05-18. Portsmouth, Virginia. U.S. Coast Guard News.
  182. Web site: Vice Admiral Andrew J. Tiongson. 2023-09-19. U.S. Coast Guard.
  183. Web site: Vice Admiral Vivek H. Murthy, MD, MBA. 2023-09-12. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 25 March 2021 .
  184. Web site: Vice Admiral Nancy Hann National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . 2024-08-17 . www.noaa.gov . en.
  185. Web site: Vice Admiral Nancy Hann . 2024-08-17 . U.S. Department of Commerce . en.
  186. Web site: Vice Admiral Joanna Nunan makes history as 14th Superintendent of USMMA. 2022-12-08. 2023-09-07. Kings Point, New York. United States Merchant Marine Academy.
  187. Web site: PN2007 — Maj. Gen. Jennifer M. Short — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-25. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
  188. Web site: 2024-07-26 . General Officer Announcement . 2024-07-26 . U.S. Department of Defense.
  189. Web site: PN1830 — Maj. Gen. Paul T. Stanton — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-06-13. 2024-06-16. U.S. Congress.
  190. Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-06-14. 2024-06-16. U.S. Department of Defense.
  191. Web site: Major General Paul T. Stanton (USA). 2022-08-04. General Officer Management Office.
  192. Web site: PN1913 — Maj. Gen. Joshua M. Rudd — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-08. 2024-07-10. U.S. Congress.
  193. Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-07-10. 2024-07-11. U.S. Department of Defense.
  194. Web site: PN1989 — Maj. Gen. Evan L. Pettus — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
  195. Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-07-24. 2024-07-26. U.S. Department of Defense.
  196. Web site: PN1559 — Maj. Gen. Stephen F. Jost — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-03-21. 2024-03-23. U.S. Congress.
  197. Web site: General Officer Announcements . 2024-03-26 . U.S. Department of Defense . en-US.
  198. Web site: PN1997 — Rear Adm. Peter A. Garvin — Navy, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
  199. Web site: Flag Officer Announcements. 2024-07-26. U.S. Department of Defense.
  200. Web site: PN1988 — Maj. Gen. Michael L. Downs — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
  201. Web site: PN1995 — Maj. Gen. Gregory J. Brady — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
  202. Web site: PN1911 — Maj. Gen. Joseph A. Ryan — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-08. 2024-07-10. U.S. Congress.
  203. Web site: Major General Joseph A. Ryan (USA). 2024-08-13. General Officer Management Office.
  204. Web site: PN1812 — Maj. Gen. Jeth B. Rey — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-06-04. 2024-06-06. U.S. Congress.
  205. Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-06-07. 2024-06-08. U.S. Department of Defense.
  206. Web site: PN1909 — Maj. Gen. David Wilson — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-08. 2024-07-10. U.S. Congress.
  207. Web site: Major General David Wilson (USA). 2024-08-03. General Officer Management Office.
  208. Web site: PN1994 — Maj. Gen. Edmond M. Brown — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
  209. Web site: Major General Edmond M. Brown (USA). 2024-08-04. General Officer Management Office.
  210. Web site: PN1992 — Maj. Gen. Gavin A. Lawrence — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
  211. Web site: PN1757 — Lt. Gen. Sean C. Bernabe — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-14. 2024-05-16. U.S. Congress.
  212. Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-05-17. 2024-05-18. U.S. Department of Defense.
  213. Web site: PN1991 — Maj. Gen. Joel B. Vowell — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
  214. Web site: Major General Joel B. Vowell (USA). 2024-08-04. General Officer Management Office.
  215. Web site: PN1914 — Maj. Gen. William H. Graham Jr. — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-08. 2024-07-09. U.S. Congress.
  216. Web site: Major General William H. Graham, Jr. (USA). 2024-08-04. General Officer Management Office.
  217. Web site: PN1831 — Maj. Gen. Matthew W. McFarlane — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-06-13. 2024-06-16. U.S. Congress.
  218. Web site: PN1698 — Maj. Gen. Gregory K. Anderson — Army, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-07. 2024-05-08. U.S. Congress.
  219. Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-05-09. 2024-05-10. U.S. Department of Defense.
  220. Web site: PN1588 — Maj. Gen. Paul J. Rock Jr. — Marine Corps, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-04-08. 2024-04-10. U.S. Congress.
  221. Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-04-10. 2024-04-11. U.S. Department of Defense.
  222. Web site: PN1700 — Lt. Gen. Stephen D. Sklenka — Marine Corps, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-07. 2024-05-09. U.S. Congress.
  223. Web site: PN1505 — Lt. Gen. James F. Glynn — Marine Corps, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-03-14. 2024-03-16. U.S. Congress.
  224. Web site: General Officer Announcements. 2024-03-19. U.S. Department of Defense.
  225. Web site: PN1759 — Rear Adm. Christopher C. French — Navy, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-14. 2024-05-16. U.S. Congress.
  226. Web site: Flag Officer Announcements. 2024-05-17. 2024-05-18. U.S. Department of Defense.
  227. Web site: PN1762 — Rear Adm. Nancy S. Lacore — Navy, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-14. 2024-05-16. U.S. Congress.
  228. Web site: CNR Change of Command. 2024-08-10. DVIDS.
  229. Web site: PN1761 — Rear Adm. Jeffrey T. Anderson — Navy, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-05-14. 2024-05-16. U.S. Congress.
  230. Web site: PN1987 — Maj. Gen. Michael L. Ahmann — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
  231. Web site: PN1990 — Maj. Gen. Rebecca J. Sonkiss — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-07-23. 2024-07-26. U.S. Congress.
  232. Web site: PN1655 — Maj. Gen. Jason T. Hinds — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-04-30. 2024-05-01. U.S. Congress.
  233. Web site: General Officer Announcement . 2024-05-08 . 2024-05-08 . U.S. Department of Defense . en-US.
  234. Web site: PN1503 — Maj. Gen. Duke A. Pirak — Air Force, 118th Congress (2023-2024). 2024-03-14. 2024-03-16. U.S. Congress.
  235. - Authorized strength: general officers and flag officers on active duty.
  236. – Distribution of commissioned officers on active duty in general officer and flag officer grades.
  237. – Vice admirals.
  238. – Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff.
  239. – Office of Army Reserve: appointment of Chief.
  240. – Special branches.
  241. – Inspector General.
  242. – Chiefs of branches: appointment; duties.
  243. – Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General, and general officers of Judge Advocate General's Corps: appointment; duties.
  244. Web site: U.S. Navy Vice Admiral - Pay Grade and Rank Details. 2021-08-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20190702000932/https://www.federalpay.org/military/navy/vice-admiral. 2019-07-02. FederalPay.
  245. – Deputy Chiefs of Naval Operations.
  246. – Naval Inspector General: detail; duties.
  247. – Judge Advocate General's Corps: Office of the Judge Advocate General; Judge Advocate General; appointment, term, emoluments, duties.
  248. – Commands: territorial organization.
  249. Web site: U.S. Air Force Lieutenant General - Pay Grade and Rank Detail. 2021-08-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004055/https://www.federalpay.org/military/air-force/lieutenant-general. 2022-03-21. FederalPay.
  250. – Deputy Chiefs of Staff and Assistant Chiefs of Staff.
  251. – Office of Air Force Reserve: appointment of Chief.
  252. – Inspector General.
  253. – Surgeon General: appointment; duties.
  254. – Judge Advocate General, Deputy Judge Advocate General: appointment; duties.
  255. Web site: U.S. Marine Corps Lieutenant General - Pay Grade and Rank Details. 2022-05-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120062921/https://www.federalpay.org/military/marine-corps/lieutenant-general. 2022-01-20. FederalPay.
  256. – Deputy Commandants.
  257. Web site: U.S. Coast Guard Vice Admiral - Pay Grade and Rank Details. 2021-08-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213811/https://www.federalpay.org/military/coast-guard/vice-admiral. 2022-05-30. FederalPay.
  258. – Grades, ranks, and titles of commissioned corps.
  259. Web site: Adams. Amilynn E.. 2016-12-09. NOAA Corps Commissioned Personnel Center. 2021-03-22. NOAA Commissioned Personnel Center Cyberflash. U.S. Department of Commerce. EN-US.
  260. – Authorized strength: general and flag officers on active duty.
  261. – Senior joint officer positions: recommendations to the Secretary of Defense.
  262. – Joint Staff.
  263. – Officers serving in certain intelligence positions: military status; exclusion from distribution and strength limitations; pay and allowances.
  264. – Authority to suspend sections 523, 525, and 526.
  265. – Positions of importance and responsibility: generals and lieutenant generals; admirals and vice admirals.
  266. – Reporting of vacancies.
  267. Web site: PN762 — Maj. Gen. Ryan F. Gonsalves — Army, 115th Congress (2017-2018). 2017-07-13. 2021-08-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316032413/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/115th-congress/762. March 16, 2022. U.S. Congress.
  268. Web site: Myers. Meghann. Army 2-star loses promotion after calling congressional staffer 'sweetheart'. 2018-01-06. 2022-08-03. Army Times.
  269. Web site: PN832 — Rear Adm. Elizabeth L. Train — Navy, 114th Congress (2015-2016). 2015-09-15. 2021-08-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531053425/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/114th-congress/832. 2022-05-31. U.S. Congress.
  270. Web site: Larter. David. Navy withdraws intel boss nominee, furthering uncertainty. 2016-04-01. 2022-08-03. Navy Times.
  271. Web site: PN207 – Lt. Gen. Susan J. Helms – Air Force, 113th Congress (2013–2014). 2013-11-07. 2021-08-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20220801065332/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/113th-congress/207?s=1&r=22. 2022-08-01. U.S. Congress.
  272. Web site: Senator puts hold on Air Force officer's promotion. 2013-04-25. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220529220307/https://www.foxnews.com/politics/senator-puts-hold-on-air-force-officers-promotion. 2022-05-29. Associated Press. Fox News.
  273. Web site: Helms Nomination Withdrawn. 2013-11-18. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213807/https://www.airforcemag.com/helms-nomination-withdrawn/. 2022-05-30. Air Force Magazine.
  274. Web site: Carroll. Chris. Helms nomination for Space Command withdrawn. 2013-11-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530195910/https://www.stripes.com/news/helms-nomination-for-space-command-withdrawn-1.251789. 2022-05-30. Washington, D.C.. Stars and Stripes.
  275. Web site: Harris. Shane. Lubold. Gordon. Obama Poised to Yank Top Military Intel Pick. 2014-06-27. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530221744/https://foreignpolicy.com/2014/06/27/obama-poised-to-yank-top-military-intel-pick/. 2022-05-30. Foreign Policy.
  276. Web site: Matishak. Martin. Rep. Hunter opposes possible nominee to lead Pentagon spy agency. 2014-05-02. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220623180316/https://thehill.com/policy/defense/205041-hunter-opposes-possible-nominee-to-lead-pentagon-spy-agency/. 2022-06-23. The Hill.
  277. Web site: General Surprises Fort Sill Crowd With Retirement. 1991-07-20. 2022-08-01. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20210816170902/https://www.oklahoman.com/article/2363370/general-surprises-fort-sill-crowd-with-retirement. 2021-08-16. Associated Press. Fort Sill, Oklahoma. The Oklahoman.
  278. Web site: PN239 – Maj. Gen. Raphael J. Hallada – Army, 102nd Congress (1991–1992). 1991-09-25. 2021-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530042647/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/102nd-congress/239?s=1&r=43. 2022-05-30. U.S. Congress.
  279. Web site: Soldiers Charged in Artillery Accident That Killed Three. 1989-10-21. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530220631/https://apnews.com/article/7226a9df120562fd2cfe89e92e80dba1. 2022-05-30. Associated Press. Fort Sill, Oklahoma. AP News.
  280. Web site: Trial ruled out in Fort Sill deaths. 1989-12-30. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530212949/https://tulsaworld.com/archive/trial-ruled-out-in-fort-sill-deaths/article_ace409d6-0985-5d8b-9f53-fc4c6f586ff6.html. 2022-05-30. Associated Press. Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Tulsa World.
  281. Web site: PN420 – Maj. Gen. Joseph J. Taluto – Army, 111th Congress (2009–2010). 2010-05-19. 2021-08-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531053425/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/111th-congress/420?s=1&r=20. 2022-05-31. U.S. Congress.
  282. Web site: Esposito. Siobhan. Siobhan Esposito's Blog: Fragging Widow Slams Taluto as Unfit to Lead Guard. 2009-05-14. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530204919/http://siobhanesposito.blogspot.com/2009/05/fragging-widow-slams-taluto-as-unfit-to.html. 2022-05-30. Alexandria, Virginia. Siobhan Esposito's Blog.
  283. Web site: Franco. James. Gen. Taluto quits nomination, retires. 2010-01-29. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530010415/https://www.troyrecord.com/2010/01/29/gen-taluto-quits-nomination-retires/. 2022-05-30. Troy Record.
  284. Web site: PN1287 – Rear Adm. Elizabeth A. Hight – Navy, 110th Congress (2007–2008). 2008-07-30. 2021-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530042642/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/110th-congress/1287. 2022-05-30. U.S. Congress.
  285. Web site: Brewin. Bob. Defense plans to withdraw Hight's nomination to head DISA. 2008-06-20. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220801072032/https://www.nextgov.com/cxo-briefing/2008/06/defense-plans-to-withdraw-hights-nomination-to-head-disa/42165/. 2022-08-01. NextGov.
  286. Web site: Standing Rules of the Senate. 2013-11-04. 2021-08-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20201005224538/https://www.rules.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/CDOC-113sdoc18.pdf. 2020-10-05. Washington, D.C.. U.S. Government Publishing Office. U.S. Senate.
  287. Web site: PN213 – Maj. Gen. Charles M. Gurganus – Marine Corps, 113th Congress (2013–2014). 2014-01-03. 2021-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004122/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/113th-congress/213. 2022-03-21. U.S. Congress.
  288. Web site: Shanker. Thom. Two Marine Corps Generals Are Forced to Retire Over Fatal Security Breach. 2013-09-30. 2022-05-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20220521053812/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/01/us/high-ranking-marine-generals-forced-to-retire-over-fatal-security-breach.html. 2022-05-21. Washington, D.C.. The New York Times.
  289. Web site: Carroll. Chris. Two Marine generals fired in wake of brazen Taliban attack on Camp Bastion. 2013-09-30. 2022-05-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004102/https://www.stripes.com/branches/marine_corps/two-marine-generals-fired-in-wake-of-brazen-taliban-attack-on-camp-bastion-1.244316. 2022-03-21. Stars and Stripes.
  290. Web site: Woolbright. Matt. Abel takes control of Alaska Coast Guard. 2014-06-14. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20210816170903/https://www.peninsulaclarion.com/news/abel-takes-control-of-alaska-coast-guard/. 2021-08-16. Morris News-Service Alaska. Peninsula Clarion.
  291. Web site: PN1547 – Rear Adm. Thomas P. Ostebo – Coast Guard, 113th Congress (2013–2014). 2014-12-07. 2021-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20220529220312/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/113th-congress/1547. 2022-05-29. U.S. Congress.
  292. Web site: Wyden, Ronald Lee. Letter from Senator Ron Wyden to Senator Harry Reid. 2014-11-18. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530195912/http://media.oregonlive.com/pacific-northwest-news/other/Wyden%20to%20Reid.pdf. 2022-05-30. United States Senate. Dirksen Senate Office Building. Oregon Live.
  293. Web site: Rossi confirmed for appointment to SMDC. 2016-05-16. 2022-05-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220417065333/https://www.army.mil/article/167241/rossi_confirmed_for_appointment_to_smdc. 2022-04-17. USASMDC/ARSTRAT Public Affairs. Redstone Arsenal, Alabama. U.S. Army.
  294. Web site: PN1329 — Maj. Gen. John G. Rossi — Army, 114th Congress (2015-2016). 2016-04-14. 2021-08-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316025538/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/114th-congress/1329. 2022-03-16. U.S. Congress.
  295. Web site: Army: Two-star general committed suicide on Alabama military base. 2016-10-28. 2022-05-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20220316032159/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/army-two-star-general-committed-suicide-alabama-military-base/. 2022-03-16. Associated Press. Washington, D.C.. CBS News.
  296. Web site: PN1823 — Maj. Gen. James H. Dickinson — Army, 114th Congress (2015-2016). 2016-11-15. 2021-08-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004122/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/114th-congress/1823. 2022-03-21. U.S. Congress.
  297. Web site: Eckstein. Megan. VADM Stearney Takes Command of 5th Fleet; RADM Corey Takes Over PEO Unmanned Aviation and Strike Weapons. 2018-05-08. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531053431/https://news.usni.org/2018/05/08/vadm-stearney-takes-command-of-5th-fleet-radm-corey-takes-over-peo-unmanned-aviation-and-strike-weapons. 2022-05-31. USNI News.
  298. Web site: PN2124 – Rear Adm. James J. Malloy – Navy, 115th Congress (2017–2018). 2018-06-28. 2021-08-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20220529220307/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/115th-congress/2124. 2022-05-29. U.S. Congress.
  299. Web site: Karsten. Joshua. Malloy assumes command of 5th Fleet following Stearney's death. 2018-12-07. 2022-08-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530195911/https://www.stripes.com/news/malloy-assumes-command-of-5th-fleet-following-stearney-s-death-1.559627. 2022-05-30. Manama, Bahrain. Stars and Stripes.
  300. Book: U.S. Special Operations Command: Challenges and Opportunities. 2010-09-21. 42. U.S. Government Publishing Office. 9780160865350.
  301. Web site: PN2075 – Maj. Gen. Scott C. Black – Army, 110th Congress (2007–2008). 2008-09-22. 2021-08-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530195911/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/110th-congress/2075. 2022-05-30. U.S. Congress.
  302. Book: Anchor of Resolve: A History of US Naval Forces Central Command. 38. 2021-08-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220612032623/https://www.history.navy.mil/content/dam/nhhc/research/publications/Publication-PDF/AnchorOfResolve.pdf. 2022-06-12.
  303. Web site: Sutton. 2020. 2021-08-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220407143346/http://navysna.org/member-resources/final-call/Sutton.pdf. 2022-04-07. Surface Navy Association.
  304. Web site: PUBLIC LAW 106–398—OCT. 30, 2000, National Defense Authorization Act, Fiscal Year 2001.. 2000-10-30. 2022-05-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220417065333/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-106publ398/pdf/PLAW-106publ398.pdf. 2022-04-17. U.S. Government Publishing Office.
  305. Web site: PN1735 – Maj. Gen. Joseph L. Lengyel – Air Force, 112th Congress (2011–2012). 2012-07-26. 2021-08-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213808/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/112th-congress/1735. 2022-05-30. U.S. Congress.
  306. Web site: Greenhill. Jim. Chief, vice chief of National Guard Bureau confirmed. 2012-07-26. 2022-05-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20220523115914/https://www.dvidshub.net/news/printable/92232%7Ctitle%3DChief%2C%20vice%20chief%20of%20National%20Guard%20Bureau%20confirmed. 2022-05-23. DVIDS.
  307. Web site: MARINE CORPS BULLETIN 5400. Headquarters Marine Corps. 2019-01-17. 2022-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530221744/https://www.marines.mil/Portals/1/Publications/MCBUL%205400.pdf?ver=2019-02-06-082807-103. 2022-05-30. U.S. Marine Corps.
  308. Web site: Stephenson. Samuel. Training and Education Command Becomes a Three-Star Command. 2020-03-08. 2022-05-28. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004057/https://www.tecom.marines.mil/News/Press-Release-View/Article/2302387/training-and-education-command-becomes-a-three-star-command/. 2022-03-21. Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia. U.S. Marine Corps Training and Education Command.
  309. Web site: Bonjoc. Mellizza. Change of Command Ceremony for Training and Education Command [Image 3 of 3]]. 2020-08-03. 2022-07-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20210823074958/https://www.dvidshub.net/image/6295030/change-command-ceremony-training-and-education-command. 2021-08-23. Defense Media Activity - Marines. Marine Corps Base Quantico, Virginia. DVIDS.
  310. Web site: Christenson. Sig. Training Command loses a star. 2015-02-28. 2022-07-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004056/https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Training-command-loses-a-star-6108262.php. 2022-03-21. San Antonio Express-News.
  311. Web site: Roberson takes command of AETC. 2015-07-22. 2022-08-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004057/https://www.jbsa.mil/News/News/Article/610580/roberson-takes-command-of-aetc/. 2022-03-21. Air Education and Training Command Public Affairs. Joint Base San Antonio.
  312. – Appointment and tenure of office of Surgeon General; reversion in rank.
  313. – Chairman: appointment; grade and rank
  314. – Vice Chairman
  315. Web site: PN1315 – Rear Adm. John D. Bulkeley – Navy, 100th Congress (1987–1988). 1988-08-10. 2021-09-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20210809045141/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/100th-congress/1315. 2021-08-09. U.S. Congress.
  316. Web site: Vice Admiral John Duncan Bulkeley, USN (Retired), (1911–1996). 2021-09-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530212959/https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/us-people/b/bulkeley-john-d.html. 2022-05-30. Naval History and Heritage Command.
  317. – Retirement for years of service: regular officers in grades above brigadier general and rear admiral (lower half).
  318. (d) – Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve general and flag officers
  319. (g) – Removal from the reserve active-status list for years of service: reserve general and flag officers
  320. – Age 64: regular commissioned officers in general and flag officer grades; exception
  321. – Establishment; Superintendent; faculty.
  322. – Superintendent.
  323. – Establishment; Superintendent; faculty.
  324. – Superintendent: condition for detail to position.
  325. – Superintendent: condition for detail to position.
  326. – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Military Academy; waiver authority.
  327. – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Naval Academy; waiver authority.
  328. – Mandatory retirement: Superintendent of the United States Air Force Academy; waiver authority.
  329. Web site: Martin. Douglas. Lt. Gen. Sidney Berry, West Point Chief, Dies at 87. 2013-07-17. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220617002852/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/18/us/lt-gen-sidney-berry-west-point-chief-dies-at-87.html. 2022-06-17. The New York Times.
  330. Web site: Scott. Shane. At the academy's helm Superintendent: Adm. Charles R. Larson could have retired in 1994 after a distinguished naval career. Instead, he returned to Annapolis to resurrect his beloved Naval Academy.. 1997-03-02. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531053426/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1997-03-02-1997061036-story.html. 2022-05-31. The Baltimore Sun.
  331. Web site: Nominations Would Mean Leadership Switch at Guard Bureau. 2019-03-12. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220722143612/https://www.ngaus.org/about-ngaus/newsroom/nominations-would-mean-leadership-switch-guard-bureau. 2022-07-22. NGAUS Newsroom. Washington, D. C.. National Guard Association of the United States.
  332. Web site: PN460 – Lt. Gen. Timothy J. Kadavy – Army, 116th Congress (2019–2020). 2019-03-05. 2021-08-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20220722091924/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/116th-congress/460. 2022-07-22. U.S. Congress.
  333. Web site: Crawford. Lisa. LTG Timothy J. Kadavy retires after 36 years of service. 2020-08-03. 2022-07-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20220322015816/https://www.flickr.com/photos/nenationalguard/albums/72157715349382346. 2022-03-22. Nebraska National Guard. Lincoln, Nebraska. Flickr.
  334. Web site: Glass. Andrew. Iran-Contra dealings revealed, Nov. 25, 1986. 2016-11-25. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213808/https://www.politico.com/story/2016/11/iran-contra-dealings-revealed-november-25-1986-231769. 2022-05-30. Politico.
  335. News: Moore. Molly. Poindexter Asks to Retire with Third Star. 1987-08-28. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220803141309/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/08/28/poindexter-asks-to-retire-with-3-stars/05bf6281-4b10-4070-a47d-4b9943ec8276/. 2022-08-03. The Washington Post.
  336. News: Moore. Molly. Poindexter to Retire Without Third Star. 1987-09-26. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220803141140/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1987/09/26/poindexter-to-retire-without-third-star/dadd457b-98cb-4695-9abc-f2fb39090702/. 2022-08-03. The Washington Post.
  337. – Commissioned officers: general rule; exceptions
  338. Web site: Gearan. Anne. Cashiered general tells Army he'll retire. 2010-06-28. 2021-03-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20210524062012/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-cashiered-general-tells-army-hell-retire-2010jun28-story.html. 2021-05-24. Associated Press. Washington, D. C.. The San Diego Union-Tribune.
  339. Web site: Peters. Heidi. Kapp. Lawrence. McInnis. Kathleen. Precedent for the Service of Active Duty Three-Star Generals and Flag Officers as the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs. 2017-03-02. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220802023152/http://sgp.fas.org/crs/natsec/precedent.pdf. 2022-08-02. Congressional Research Service. Federation of American Scientists.
  340. News: Whitlock. Craig. Air Force general to retire after criticism for handling of sexual-assault case. 2014-01-08. 2021-08-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20220803142144/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/air-force-general-criticized-for-handling-of-sexual-assault-cases-to-retire/2014/01/08/9942df96-787d-11e3-b1c5-739e63e9c9a7_story.html. 2022-08-03. The Washington Post.
  341. Web site: Childress. Sarah. Emails Shed New Light on Military Sexual Assault Case. 2013-09-04. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20201111231657/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/article/emails-shed-new-light-on-military-sexual-assault-case/. 2020-11-11. PBS News.
  342. Web site: Montgomery. Nancy. Franklin will retire as a two-star, officials say. 2014-01-09. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220531105023/https://www.stripes.com/news/franklin-will-retire-as-a-two-star-officials-say-1.261202. 2022-05-31. Stars and Stripes.
  343. News: Ryan. Missy. Whitlock. Craig. Pentagon chief Ashton Carter just fired his top military aide over 'misconduct'. 2015-11-12. 2021-08-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20151203032112/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2015/11/12/pentagon-chief-ashton-carter-just-fired-his-top-military-adviser-over-misconduct/. 2015-12-03. The Washington Post.
  344. Web site: Report of Investigation: Ronald F. Lewis, Major General, U.S. Army. 2016-10-04. 2021-06-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213808/https://media.defense.gov/2016/Oct/06/2001714284/-1/-1/1/DODIG-2017-001.pdf. 2022-05-30. Inspector General, U.S. Department of Defense. U.S. Department of Defense.
  345. Web site: Cooper. Helene. Army General Used Government Credit Card at Strip Clubs, Pentagon Says. 2016-10-06. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530221744/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/07/us/general-ron-lewis-credit-card-gentlemens-club.html. 2022-05-30. Washington, D. C.. The New York Times.
  346. Web site: McCausland. Phil. Kube. Courtney. Former Major General Demoted in Retirement for Using Credit Card at Strip Clubs. 2017-02-09. 2021-06-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20170210173855/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/former-major-general-demoted-retirement-using-credit-card-strip-clubs-n719156. 2017-02-10. NBC News.
  347. Web site: Army demotes former defense secretary's 3-star aide after scathing IG investigation. 2017-02-09. 2021-06-09. Army Times.
  348. Web site: Air Force Sustainment Center Change of Command and Retirement Ceremony. 2018-07-08. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530212950/https://www.dvidshub.net/video/617737/air-force-sustainment-center-change-command-and-retirement-ceremony. 2022-05-30. 105th Mobile Public Affairs Detachment. DVIDS.
  349. Web site: Roza. David. 'If he was on the battlefield, he probably would've been shot in the back' — Inside the toxic command of Air Force Lt. Gen. Lee Levy. 2019-12-03. 2022-06-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20201029222223/https://taskandpurpose.com/news/air-force-general-lee-levy/. 2020-10-29. Task & Purpose.
  350. Web site: Major General Lee K. Levy II. 2021-08-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321004117/https://www.af.mil/About-Us/Biographies/Display/Article/108506/lee-k-levy-ii/. 2022-03-21. U.S. Air Force.
  351. Web site: Losey. Stephen. 'Oink, oink.' Lieutenant general belittled staff, mocked female airman's weight, IG found. It cost him a star.. 2019-11-26. 2022-08-03. Air Force Times.
  352. Web site: Brown. Matthew Hay. New superintendent says Naval Academy will meet evolving challenges. 2014-07-23. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530213808/https://www.baltimoresun.com/maryland/anne-arundel/annapolis/bs-md-naval-academy-change-of-command-20140723-story.html. 2022-05-30. Annapolis, Maryland. The Baltimore Sun.
  353. Web site: Prudente. Tim. Admiral working at Naval Academy while under investigation. 2015-02-12. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220803143655/https://www.chicagotribune.com/. 2022-08-03. Chicago Tribune.
  354. Web site: Larter. David. Navy rebukes 3 admirals for accepting dinners, gifts. 2015-07-18. 2022-08-03. Navy Times.
  355. News: Goldman. Adam. Whitlock. Craig. 2015-12-07. Army recommends no further punishment for Petraeus. live. 2016-01-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20160202203021/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/army-recommends-no-punishment-for-petraeus-after-receiving-doj-materials/2015/12/07/2a31d43e-9867-11e5-94f0-9eeaff906ef3_story.html?tid=a_inl. 2016-02-02. The Washington Post.
  356. Web site: Demotion Expected for Role in Tillman Case. 2007-07-27. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530011920/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/07/27/us/27tillman.html. 2022-05-30. Washington, D. C.. The New York Times.
  357. News: Geren. Preston Murdoch. MEMORANDUM FOR THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE ARMY (MANPOWER AND RESERVE AFFAIRS). 2007-07-30. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220803144213/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/documents/Tillman_073107.pdf?hpid=moreheadlines. 2022-08-03. Office of the United States Secretary of the Army. Washington, D. C.. The Washington Post.
  358. Web site: Leary. Warren. Army: Tillman was likely killed by friendly fire. 2004-05-30. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530215952/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-2004-05-30-0405300144-story.html. 2022-05-30. The Orlando Sentinel.
  359. Web site: Read. Morgan. Army censures general over Tillman case. 2007-08-01. 2022-08-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530212950/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-afghan-tillman-idUSN3124357420070731. 2022-05-30. Washington, D. C.. Reuters.
  360. – Recognizing the Dedicated Service of Lieutenant General Donald C. Wurster, United States Air Force.