List of abbreviations used in sanitation explained

This is a list of abbreviations and acronyms commonly used in the sanitation sector or more broadly in the WASH sector.

See main article: Sanitation.

A

• AA - Activated alumina
• ADB - Asian Development Bank
• ABR - Anaerobic baffled reactor - improved septic tank with baffles, see also Anaerobic digestion and DEWATS
• ACP - Anaerobic contact process
• AD - Anaerobic digestion
• AF - Anaerobic filters, see also Anaerobic digestion
  • AfDB - African Development Bank AfWA - African Water Association
• AIT - Asian Institute of Technology in Bangkok, Thailand
• aka or a.k.a. - "also known as"
• AMCOW - African Ministers’ Council on Water
• As - Arsenic
• ATS - Aerobic treatment system
• AusAID - Australian Agency for International Development
• AWF - African Water Facility, an initiative of the African Ministers’ Council on Water (AMCOW), hosted and administered by African Development Bank (AfDB)

B

• BCC - Behavioral change communication
• BMGF - Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
• BMZ - Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development
• BOD or BOD5 - Biological oxygen demand (measured for five days)
• BOP or BoP - Bottom of the pyramid (or base of the pyramid)
• BOT - Build-operate-transfer
• BSF - Black soldier fly or Biosand filter
• BSFL - Black soldier fly larvae

C

• cap - capita, as per capita (or per person)
• CAPEX - Capital expenditure
• CATS - Community approaches to total sanitation, a term coined by UNICEF
  • CBO - Community-based organization CBOD - Carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand
• CBS - Container-based sanitation
• CCT - Conditional cash transfer
• CHC - Community Health Clubs
• CHP - Combined heat and power
• CLTS - Community-led total sanitation
• CLUES - Community Led Urban Environmental Sanitation
• CFU - Colony-forming unit
• COD - Controlled open defecation
• COD - Chemical oxygen demand
• CoP - Community of practice
• CP - Contact precipitation, see precipitation
• CSO - Combined sewer overflow or Civil Society Organization (same as Non-governmental organization)
• CSR - Corporate social responsibility
• CW - Constructed wetland

D

• DALY - Disability-adjusted life year
• DEWATS - Decentralized wastewater treatment system
• DFID - Department for International Development (United Kingdom)
• DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid
• DO - Dissolved oxygen
• DRC - Democratic Republic of the Congo
• DRR - Disaster risk reduction

E

• Ecosan - Ecological sanitation
• EC - Electrical conductivity
• Eh - Redox potential
• EIA - Environmental impact assessment
• EM - Effective microorganisms
• EN - European standards (the N stands for Normalisation in French), e.g. EN 12566
• EPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency
• EPS - Extracellular polymeric substances
• EQND - Equality and nondiscrimination
• ESARO - East and Southern Africa Region
• EU - European Union

F

• FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
• FAQ - Frequently asked questions
• FC - Fecal coliforms
  • FECR - Fecal egg count reduction; closest article is on anthelmintic FFS (or F4S) - Fit for School
• FGD - Focus group discussion; closest article may be Qualitative psychological research
• FGM - Female genital mutilation
• FOAM - Focus on Opportunity, Ability and Motivation
• FS - Fecal (or faecal) sludge; closest article is septage
• FSM - Fecal (or faecal) sludge management
  • FSSM - Fecal sludge and septage management FSTP - Fecal sludge treatment plant
• FTI - Faecally-transmitted infections; closest article is fecal–oral transmission

G

• GAP - Good agricultural practices
• GHG - Greenhouse gases
• GIZ - Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit
• GLAAS - UN-Water Global Analysis and Assessment of Sanitation and Drinking-Water
• GPS - Global positioning system
• GSF - Global sanitation fund, closest page is Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council

H

• HACCP - Hazard analysis and critical control points
• hab. - inhabitant or user, used in design parameters of wastewater treatment, e.g. 60 g BOD/hab.
• HAI - Hospital-acquired infection
• HCF - Health care facility
• HEDF - Human excreta derived fertiliser (see reuse of excreta)
• HEW - Health Extension Worker
• HH - Household
• HIA - Health impact assessment
• HQ - Headquarters
• HRWS - Human right to water and sanitation
• HWF - Handwashing facility

I

• ICT - Information and communications technology
• IDP - Internally displaced person, often used as "IDP camp"
• IEC - Information, education, communication; closest article may be Behavior change (public health)
• INR - Indian rupee, currency in India
• IWRM - Integrated water resources management

J

• JMP - Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF

K

• KAP - Knowledge, attitude and practice
• kL (or Kl) - Kilo liters (or 1000 liters, same as 1 cubic meter)
• KM - Knowledge management
• Ksh - Kenyan shilling, currency in Kenya
• KVIP - Kumasi ventilated-improved pit, closest article is Pit latrine

L

• L - Lakh, used for one hundred thousand in India
• L - Liter (or litre in British English spelling)
• LCC - Life-cycle cost, see Whole-life cost or Life-cycle cost analysis
• LCCA - Life-cycle cost analysis
• LGA - Local government area
  • LMICs - Low and middle income countries LNOB - Leave no one behind
• lpcd - Liters per capita per day (liters per person per day), e.g. for daily wastewater flowrate

M

• MBBR - Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
• MBR - Membrane bioreactor
• MCA - Multiple criteria analysis, see Multiple-criteria decision analysis
• MCDA - Multiple-criteria decision analysis
• MDA - Mass drug administration
• MDG - Millennium Development Goal
• M&E - Monitoring and evaluation
• MENA - Middle East and North Africa
• MFC - Microbial fuel cell
• MFI - Microfinance institution
• mg - Milligram
• μg - Microgram
• MHM - Menstrual hygiene management
• ML - Megaliter or 1 million liter or 1000 cubic meters
• MLD - Million liters per day
• MOH - Ministry of health (see also List of health departments and ministries)
• MOOC - Massive open online course
• MOS - Manual of style, see also: MOS for WikiProject Sanitation
• MoU - Memorandum of understanding
• MoUD - Ministry of Urban Development
• MSW - Municipal solid waste

N

• NBA - Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in India, formerly called "Total Sanitation Campaign" (TSC) - not to be confused with CLTS
• NGO - Non-governmental organization
• NIMBY - Not In My Back Yard
• NRW - Non-revenue water
• NSS - Non-sewered sanitation (similar term to fecal sludge management)
• NTDs - Neglected tropical diseases

O

• OBA - Output based aid
• OD - Open defecation
• ODA - Official development assistance
• ODK - Open Data Kit
• O&M - Operation and maintenance
• ODF - Open defecation free, i.e. a community without open defecation taking place
• OP - Omni Processor
• OPEX - Operational expenditure (or operating expense)
• ORP - Oxidation reduction potential
• ORT - Oral rehydration therapy

P

• PbR - Payment by results
• PC - Preventive chemotherapy; closest article is helminthiasis
• PFU - Plaque-forming unit
• PHC - Primary health centre
• PIM - Post implementation monitoring; no article yet, see WASH
• PMU - Project management unit
• PSP - Public sector participation, see also Public–private partnership
• PVC - Polyvinyl chloride
• PPP - Public private partnership
• ppm - Parts per million
• ppb - Parts per billion

Q

• QA/QC - Quality assurance / quality control
• Q&A - Question and answer, see also FAQ
• QMRA - Quantitative Microbiological Risk Assessment

R

• RBF - Results-based financing, see also Output based aid or Payment by Results
• RCT - Randomized controlled trial
• R&D - Research and development
• RNA - Ribonucleic acid
• RRR - Resource Recovery and Reuse
• RTI - Reproductive tract infection
• RTTC - Reinvent the Toilet Challenge, an R&D funding scheme by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
• RVO - Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland (Netherlands Enterprise Agency)

S

• SAR - Sodium adsorption ratio
• SBA (or SBM) - Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Clean India Mission or Swachh Bharat Mission
• SBR - Sequencing batch reactor
  • SDG - Sustainable Development Goal SDG6 - Sustainable Development Goal Number 6: "Clean Water and Sanitation"
• SFD - Shit Flow Diagram, see example here
• SHG - Self-help group
• SLA - Service-level agreement
• SLB - Service-level benchmarking
• SLTS - School-led total sanitation, see Community-led total sanitation
• SME - Small and medium-sized enterprise
• SMS - Short message service
• SOP - Standard operating procedure
• STP - Sewage treatment plant
• SRHR - Sexual and reproductive health and rights
• SRT - Solids retention time, see also Activated sludge
• SS - Suspended solids
• SSA - Sub-Saharan Africa
• SSLA - Sanitation Service-level agreement
• SSP - Sanitation safety planning; closest page might be Water safety plan
• SuSanA - Sustainable Sanitation Alliance
• SWASH - School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, see Water, Sanitation and Hygiene

T

• T90 - Time at which 90 percent reduction in pathogens is achieved
• TAF - Technology Applicability Framework^[1]
• ThOD - Theoretical oxygen demand
• ToR - Terms of reference
• TSC - Total sanitation campaign in India, now called Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan - not to be confused with CLTS
• TSS - Total suspended solids (in sanitary engineering) or Toxic shock syndrome (medical field)
• TSSM - Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing
• TSU - Technical support unit

U

• UASB - Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor
• UCD - User-centered design
• UDDT - Urine-diverting dry toilet
• UDT - Urine diversion toilet
• UDFT - Urine Diverting Flush Toilet
• μg - Microgram
• ULB - Urban local body
• UNDP - United Nations Development Programme
• UNEP - United Nations Environment Programme
• UNSGAB - United Nations Secretary General's Advisory Board on Water and Sanitation
• USEPA - United States Environmental Protection Agency
• UTI - Urinary tract infection

V

• VIP - Ventilated improved pit latrine
• VND - Vietnamese Dong (currency in Vietnam)

W

• WASH or WaSH - Water, sanitation and hygiene
• WASH2 - Water, sanitation, hygiene and health
• WatSan - Water and sanitation, used in the same way as WASH
• WC - Water closet
• WEF - Water-Energy-Food nexus
• WG - Working group, e.g. working groups of SuSanA
• WinS - WASH in schools
• WHO - World Health Organization
• WPM - Water point mapping
• WSP:
  • • • Water and sanitation program of the World Bank Water safety plan
  • Waste stabilization pond
• WSUP - Water and sanitation for the urban poor
• WSH - Water, sanitation, hygiene
• WSSCC - Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council
• WTD - World Toilet Day
• WTP:
  • Water treatment plant
  • Willingness to pay
• WWD - World Water Day
• WWTP - Wastewater treatment plant
• WYSIWYG - What You See is What You Get

See also

• Wikiproject Sanitation
• List of water supply and sanitation by country

Notes and References

1. Web site: The Technology Applicability Framework (TAF) - a participatory tool to validate low-income urban WASH technologies - Google Scholar. scholar.google.com. 2017-03-21.