List of Young Turks should not be confused with Young Ottomans.
This is an incomplete list that refers to those who were part of the Young Turk movement in the Ottoman Empire. This revolutionary and progressive[1] [2] movement consisted of several factions, with the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) at its forefront. Despite the name Young Turks, followers were diverse in their religious and ethnic origins,[3] [4] [5] and some were not from the Ottoman Empire. Aside from Turks, members and supporters were mostly Albanians, Circassians, Kurds, Armenians, Greeks, Jews, and Arabs.[6] [7] [8]
Jewish and Arab members of Ottoman society were among the most active and radical in late Ottoman politics, which could be an explanation for their disproportionally large presence in the movement.[9] British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire Sir Gerard Lowther referred to the CUP as an 'Albanian business' and the 'Jew Committee of Union and Progress' to highlight the ethnic diversity of the Young Turks and the political activeness of ethnic minorities within the movement.[10]
Other majority non-Muslim ethnicities that had a considerable presence in, or a support base for, the Young Turk movement included, but were not limited to: Aromanians,[11] Germans,[12] Hungarians,[13] Poles,[14] and Serbs.[15]
This is a list of 86 noteworthy members of the Young Turks movement. It is not an exhaustive list, and is therefore subject to additions.
| Portrait | Name | Birth date and place | Death date and place | Occupation(s) | Ethnic origin(s) | Other name(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 29 November 1881 Yanya, Janina vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Erenköy, Kadıköy, Istanbul, Turkey | Acting President of Turkey Speaker of the Grand National Assembly Minister of Finance Minister of Defense | Tosk Albanian | ||||
| 9 September 1869 Arapgir, Malatya, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | One of the founders of the CUP Ophthalmologist | Kurdish | ||||
Kolonjë, Janina vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Durrës, Albania | One of the initiators of the Congress of Lushnjë Politician | Albanian | ||||
| Agop Babikyan | Edirne, Adrianople vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Jurist Politician | Armenian | |||
| Agop Boyacıyan | Tekirdağ, Adrianople eyalet, Ottoman Empire | Jurist Politician | Armenian | ||||
Resne, Ottoman Empire | Vlorë, Albania | Bey Adjutant Major (kolağası) | Tosk Albanian | ||||
Selanik, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Journalist Writer Academic | Jewish | ||||
| 18 April 1862 Lesbos, Eyalet of the Archipelago, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Last Ottoman ambassador to the United States | Polish–British | Alfred Bilinski | |||
Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Key early leader of the CUP Politician Educator | Hungarian–Turk | ||||
| 8 September 1867 Byerazino, Russian Empire | Berlin, Weimar Republic | Political and financial advisor of the Young Turks Marxist theoretician Publicist Activist | Lithuanian Jew | Israel Lazarevich Gelfand, Helphand | |||
| 24 February 1864 Salyan, Russian Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | One of the founders of the CUP Creator of the modern flag of Azerbaijan Philosopher Doctor Writer Artist | Azerbaijani | ||||
Adana, Adana vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Adana, Turkey | Minister of Education | Turkish | ||||
Gaziantep, Aintab Sanjak, Ottoman Empire | Aleppo, State of Aleppo | Politician | Armenian | Artin Boshgezenian | |||
Çanakkale, Adrianople vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Politician | Turkish | ||||
| Avram Galanti | 4 January 1873 Bodrum, Aidin vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Politician Scholar Historian | Jewish | Abraham Galante | ||
Kadıköy, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Circassian | Anzawurıqo Şəwqiqo Ayetulah-biy | ||||
Diyarbakır, Diyarbekir vilayet Ottoman Empire | Turkey | Politician | Kurdish | ||||
| Babanzade Ahmed Naim | Baghdad, Baghdad vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Politician Philosopher | Kurdish | |||
Sliven, Adrianople vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Berlin, Weimar Republic | Politician Writer | Turkish | ||||
| Bedros Hallaçyan | Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Paris, France | Politician | Armenian | |||
Çorhlu, Ottoman Empire | Sarıkamış, Kars, Ottoman Empire | Lieutenant colonel (Binbaşı) | Albanian–Turk | Beqir Grebeneja | |||
Crete, Ottoman Empire | Üsküdar, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Secret police in the Special Organization of the Ottoman Empire Volunteer soldier | Sudanese | Zenci Musa | |||
| 15 August 1881 Gelibolu, Sanjak of Gelibolu, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Important figure in the transition from a constitutional monarchy to a Republic Politician Writer | Albanian | ||||
Manisa, Aidin vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Cairo, Egypt | Last Grand Rabbi of the Ottoman Empire Scholar Jurist Linguist | Jewish | Haim Nahum | |||
| Serres, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Damascus, Syria vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Paramilitary leader | Circassian | Çerkes Ahmet | |||
Bandırma, Hüdavendigâr vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Amman, Jordan | Founder of the Kuva-yi Seyyare Social bandit Efe Soldier | Circassian | Ethem the Circassian | |||
Karacabey, Hüdavendigâr vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Bursa, Turkey | Member of Parliament | Circassian | ||||
| Soldier | Circassian | ||||||
| 19 March 1864 Jerusalem, Jerusalem Sanjak, Damascus Eyalet, Ottoman Empire | Jerusalem, Mandatory Palestine | Central in the process of the revival of the Hebrew language Researcher of the Hebrew language and literature One of the leaders of the Yishuv Founder of the first Hebrew College for Teachers One of the founders of the Hebrew Language Committee and the Israel Teachers Union Founder of the Zikhron Moshe neighborhood of Jerusalem Politician | Jewish | ||||
Struga, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Tirana, Albania | One of the delegates who participated at the Albanian Declaration of Independence Politician | Albanian | Ibrahim Mehmet Naxhi | |||
| 1894 or 1895 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | March 30, 1918 (aged 23–24) Ellis Island, Jersey City and New York City, United States | Spy | Greek | Despina Davidovitch, Baroness de Bellville, Madame Hesketh, Madame Nezie | |||
| 6 May 1872 Midilli, Vilayet of the Archipelago, Ottoman Empire | Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet Union | One of the Three Pashas Military leader | Turkish | Cemal Paşa, Ahmed Djemal | |||
İşkodra, Scutari vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | One of the leaders of the CUP Governor of the Van vilayet during World War I | Albanian | Tahir Cevdet Belbez, Djevdet Tahir Belbez, Jevdet Bey | |||
Selanik, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Ankara, Turkey | Founding member of the CUP Physician Politician | Jewish–Turk | Selanikli Mehmed Nâzım Bey | |||
Tavlusun, Melikgazi, Angora vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Athens, Greece | Jurist Politician | Greek | ||||
Selanik, Sanjak of Salonica, Salonica Eyalet, Ottoman Empire | Trieste, Kingdom of Italy | Lawyer | Jewish | Emanuel Karasu | |||
| 22 November 1881 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, Soviet Union | One of the Three Pashas Military officer | Albanian–Tatar | İsmail Enver | |||
| 22 February 1875 Bad Urach, Kingdom of Württemberg | New York City, United States | Diplomat Author Journalist Professor | German | Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Jäckh | |||
| 1863/1864 or 1875 Tirana, Scutari vilayet, Ottoman Empire | June 13, 1920 (aged 44–57) Paris, France | Prime Minister of Albania Albanian deputy in the Ottoman Parliament | Albanian | Esad Pashë Toptani | |||
Ohrid, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | One of the leaders of the 1908 Young Turk Revolution Soldier Politician | Albanian | Ohrili Eyüp Sabri, Ejup Sabriu | |||
Mitroviça, Ottoman Empire | Politician | Albanian | |||||
Chroupista, Ottoman Empire | Activist Physician Politician | Aromanian | Filip Mişa, Filip Mise Efendi | ||||
| 25 March 1860 Störmthal, German Confederation | Leipzig, Weimar Republic | Theologian Politician | German | Joseph Friedrich Naumann | |||
| Gregorios Anagnostu | Grevena, Ottoman Empire | Lawyer Politician | Greek | ||||
| 6 November 1884 Budapest, Austria-Hungary | Islamologist Professor Writer Soldier Politician | German–Jew | Julius Abdulkerim Germanus | ||||
| Hacı Sait Efendi | Süleymaniye, Baghdad vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Politician | Iraqi | ||||
Milas, Aidin Eyalet, Ottoman Empire | Milas, Turkey | Official in the CUP | Turkish | ||||
| 27 September 1873 Vıçıtırın, Kosovo vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Thessaloniki, Greece | Prime Minister of Albania | Albanian | Hasan Berisha | |||
Selanik, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire | İzmir, Aidin vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Turkish war hero Member of the Ottoman Special Organization Journalist | Jewish | Osman Nevres | |||
| 16 July 1868 Dermantsi, Danube vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Krivolak, Kingdom of Serbia | Among the leaders of the Bulgarian People's Macedonian-Adrianople Revolutionary Organization Army officer | Macedonian–Bulgarian | ||||
| 22 March 1865 Struga, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Medgidia, Kingdom of Romania | Main founder of the CUP Politician Intellectual Doctor | Albanian | Ibrahim Ethem Sojliu, Ibrahim Bërzeshta, Ibrahim Starova | |||
Diyarbakır, Diyarbekir vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Sanremo, Kingdom of Italy | Writer Doctor | Kurdish | ||||
| Kâmil Bey el-Esad | Marjayoun, Ottoman Lebanon, Ottoman Empire | Marjayoun, Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon, France | Politician | Lebanese | |||
| Kirkor Sinapyan | Ottoman Empire | Turkey | Politician | Armenian | |||
Baghdad, Baghdad Eyalet, Ottoman Empire | Ankara, Turkey | Instrumental figure in the rise of the Young Turks Generalissimo | Georgian | ||||
Selanik, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Ankara, Turkey | Founding member of the CUP Economist Newspaper editor | Jewish | ||||
| Mehmed Fevzi Paşa | Damascus, Damascus eyalet, Ottoman Empire | Politician | Lebanese | ||||
| 8 February 1873 Russian Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Official in the CUP Economist Governor of Diyarbekir vilayet during World War I Physician | Circassian | Mehmed Raşid Şahingiray | |||
| 20 December 1873 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Author of the Turkish National Anthem Poet Writer Academic Politician | Albanian–Uzbek | Mehmed Ragîf | |||
| Mişon Ventura | Hasköy, Pera, Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Jurist Journalist | Jewish | |||
Serres, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Nice, France | Writer Philosopher Journalist | Jewish | Moiz Cohen | |||
| Nesim Mazliyah | Manisa, Aidin vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Beirut, Lebanon | Politician | Jewish | |||
Mitroviça, Ottoman Empire | Important figure of the Albanian National Awakening Politician | Albanian | Mehmet Nexhip bey Draga, Mehmed Necib Draga | ||||
| 20 November 1874 Kruševo, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Ghencea, Bucharest, Romania | Statesman Cultural activist Writer | Aromanian | Nikola Konstantin Basarya | |||
Manastır, Manastir vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Sütlüce, Istanbul, Turkey | General | Albanian | ||||
| 30 December 1842 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Founding father of both archaeology and the museum curator's professions in Turkey Administrator Intellectual Painter Writer | Greek | ||||
Kayseri, Angora eyalet, Ottoman Empire | Athens, Greece | Historian Politician | Greek | Pavli Karolidi | |||
Orosh, Mirditë, Ottoman Empire | Bregu i Matit, Lezhë, Principality of Albania | Prince of Mirdita Politician in the Principality of Albania | Albanian | Prênk Pasha | |||
| 14 October 1877 San Cristóbal, Venezuela | Panama City, Panama | Soldier Adventurer Writer | Venezuelan | Rafael Inchauspe Méndez | |||
Mat, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Marshal Governor War minister | Albanian | Matlı Recep Paşa | |||
Jerusalem, Jerusalem sanjak, Damascus eyalet, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Politician Writer Teacher | Palestinian | Ruhi el-Halidi Bey | |||
| January 18 or 28, 1865 or February 19, 1864 Cairo, Egypt Eyalet, Ottoman Empire | Rome, Kingdom of Italy | Grand Vizier General Secretary of the CUP | Albanian | ||||
| 5 February 1872 Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Journalist Novelist | Hungarian–Turk | ||||
| 17 March 1860 Baghdad, Baghdad vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Paris, France | Father of the Parliament of Iraq Statesman | Baghdadi Jew | Ezekiyel Sason | |||
Ottoman Empire | Ottoman Empire | Lawyer | Jewish | ||||
Vienna, Austrian Empire | Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Businessman Bibliographer | Czech Jew | ||||
Kalkandelen, Ottoman Empire | Skopje, Kingdom of Yugoslavia | Mayor of Skopje Politician | Serbian | Spiro Hadzi Ristić | |||
Prizren, Kosovo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Berjisiya, Basra Vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Co founder of the Teşkilât-ı Mahsusa Soldier | Circassian | ||||
| 1 September 1874 Kardzhali, Adrianople vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Berlin, Weimar Republic | One of the Three Pashas | Romani–Pomak | Mehmed Talaat | |||
| Tevfik Nazif Arıcan | Prizren, Kosovo vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Politician | Albanian | ||||
| 8 June 1881 Paris, France | Istanbul, Turkey | Unofficial representative of Polish émigrés Diplomat Historian Journalist | Polish–Lithuanian | Tadeusz Seyfeddin Gasztowtt | |||
İzmir, Aidin eyalet, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Politician | Turkish | Mehmet Ubeydullah Hatipoğlu | |||
| Vitali Hayim Faraci | 13 May 1854 Serres, Salonica vilayet, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Politician | ||||
| 18 May 1872 Vlahi, Ottoman Empire | Blatata, near Pirin, Tsardom of Bulgaria | National hero in Bulgaria and North Macedonia | Macedonian–Bulgarian | ||||
| 2 December 1876 Ulyanovsk, Russian Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | One of the leading university professors in Istanbul Politician Writer | Tatar | Yosıf Xəsən uğlı Aqçurin, Yusuf Hasanovich Akchurin | |||
| Yusuf Şetvan | Istanbul, Ottoman Empire | Istanbul, Turkey | Politician | Arab |
tr:Doğu Ergil
. A Reassessment: The Young Turks, Their Politics and Anti-Colonial Struggle. 30 October 2007. University of Macedonia. Thessaloniki. Balkan Studies. 16. 2. 26.