List of Yale Law School alumni explained

This is a list of notable alumni of Yale Law School, the law school of the American Yale University, located in New Haven, Connecticut. (For a list of notable Yale University graduates, see the list of Yale University people.) Records are kept by the Association of Yale Alumni.

All degrees listed below are LL.B. (the primary professional degree in law conferred by Yale Law School until 1971) or J.D. (the primary professional degree in law conferred since 1971), unless noted otherwise.

Yale Law's three–year J.D. (LL.B., prior to 1971) program enrolls an incoming class of approximately 200 students, one of the smallest incoming class sizes of all top law schools.

Law and government

United States government

Executive branch

U.S. presidents
U.S. attorneys general
U.S. solicitors general
Other cabinet and cabinet-level officials

Legislative branch (U.S. Congress)

Senators
Representatives

Judicial branch

Supreme Court justices
=Federal courts of appeals

=

=Federal district courts

=

=Other courts

=

State government

Governors
State politicians
State judges

City government

U.S. diplomatic figures

Other U.S. political figures

Non-United States government

Non-United States political figures

Heads of state or heads of government
Other political figures

Non-United States judicial figures

International court judges
National court judges

International organization figures

Notable attorneys

Public policy leaders

Academia

University presidents and other administrators

Legal academia

Law school deans

Legal scholars

Constitutional law
Criminal law
Civil and human rights law
Intellectual property
International law
Jurisprudence
Other legal scholars

Other scholars

Activism

Business

Film, theater, and television

Writers

Media and journalism

Commentators

Journalists

Military

Sports

Other

Non-graduates

These students attended Yale Law but, for various reasons, did not graduate.

Fictitious alumni

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Herbert Brownell, Jr.. Soylent Communications. 3 December 2012. July 22, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200722025431/https://www.nndb.com/people/725/000167224/. live.
  2. Web site: Homer Stille Cummings. Soylent Communications. 3 December 2012. September 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190911120726/https://www.nndb.com/people/361/000167857/. live.
  3. Web site: Nicholas Katzenbach. Soylent Communications. 3 December 2012. April 11, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210411035710/https://www.nndb.com/people/724/000167223/. live.
  4. Web site: Peter D. Keisler. Soylent Communications. 20 April 2015. March 21, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150321093345/http://www.nndb.com/people/983/000162497/. live.
  5. Web site: Edward H. Levi. Soylent Communications. 3 December 2012. April 13, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140413150555/http://search.nndb.com/search/nndb.cgi?type=unspecified&query=Edward+H.+Levi. live.
  6. Web site: Wayne MacVeagh. Soylent Communications. 3 December 2012. March 5, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305123153/http://search.nndb.com/search/nndb.cgi?type=unspecified&query=Wayne+MacVeagh. live.
  7. Web site: Michael B. Mukasey. Soylent Communications. 3 December 2012. April 27, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150427111626/http://search.nndb.com/search/nndb.cgi?type=unspecified&query=Michael+B.+Mukasey. live.
  8. Web site: Alphonso Taft. Soylent Communications. 3 December 2012. February 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210225084221/https://nndb.com/people/385/000098091/. live.
  9. News: Acting Education Secretary Says Teachers Saved Him . October 2, 2015 . . . March 2, 2017 . October 6, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151006093144/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2015/10/02/us/ap-us-new-education-secretary.html . dead.
  10. Web site: New FBI Director. Federal Bureau of Investigation. August 9, 2017. August 9, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170809211852/https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/christopher-wray-sworn-in-as-fbi-director. live.
  11. Web site: Bertr . Natasha . The inexorable rise of Jake Sullivan . 2023-02-21 . POLITICO . en.
  12. Web site: Raymond E. Baldwin. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. October 24, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121024172544/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000095. live.
  13. Web site: Thomas F. Bayard, Jr.. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. October 15, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121015181218/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000252. live.
  14. Web site: Michael Bennet. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. June 4, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110604052619/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001267. live.
  15. Web site: Richard Blumenthal. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. December 11, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121211234742/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001277. live.
  16. Web site: James L. Buckley. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. September 5, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120905020236/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B001026. live.
  17. Web site: Hillary Clinton. The National First Ladies' Library. 30 November 2012. September 13, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190913150519/http://www.firstladies.org/biographies/firstladies.aspx?biography=43. live.
  18. Web site: Chris Coons. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. June 4, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110604180427/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C001088. live.
  19. Web site: John Danforth. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. August 22, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170822134221/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=d000030. live.
  20. Web site: Thomas J. Dodd. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. June 20, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150620195106/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000390. live.
  21. Web site: Peter H. Dominick. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. September 7, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160907200807/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000409. live.
  22. Web site: Charles Goodell. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. November 2, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121102104454/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=G000282. live.
  23. Web site: Gary Hart. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. July 9, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110709122452/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000287. live.
  24. Web site: Alfred B. Kittredge. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 1 December 2012. December 12, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121212010712/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000255. live.
  25. Web site: Joseph Lieberman. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. November 2, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121102193243/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=l000304. live.
  26. Web site: Augustine Lonergan. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 30 November 2012. October 26, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121026103034/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000409. live.
  27. Web site: Trusten Polk. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 1 December 2012. December 29, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121229154251/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000411. live.
  28. Web site: Julius Rockwell. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 1 December 2012. September 24, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120924062755/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=R000368. live.
  29. Web site: Arlen Specter. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 1 December 2012. December 11, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121211233147/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000709. live.
  30. Web site: Paul Tsongas. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 1 December 2012. October 17, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121017195247/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000393. live.
  31. Web site: JD Vance. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 May 2024.
  32. Web site: How Yale Propelled J.D. Vance’s Career. Stephanie. Saul. The New York Times. The New York Times Company. 17 July 2024. 4 August 2024.
  33. Web site: Harris Wofford. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 11 July 2013. October 3, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171003030647/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=w000665. live.
  34. Web site: Lewis Beach. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023062444/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000263. live.
  35. Web site: Carroll L. Beedy. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. August 15, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170815175319/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000307. live.
  36. Web site: Jackson Edward Betts. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 19, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121019173955/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000426. live.
  37. Web site: Jonathan Brewster Bingham. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 15, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121015075359/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000472. live.
  38. Web site: Clay Stone Briggs. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 26, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121026002723/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=B000826. live.
  39. Web site: C. Pope Caldwell. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023003215/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000030. live.
  40. Web site: Charles T. Canady. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 13, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121013163549/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000107. live.
  41. Web site: James Colgate Cleveland. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 11, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121011063637/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000512. live.
  42. News: Representative Coffin dies Friday at Capitol. Lewiston Morning Tribune. Associated Press. June 9, 1934 . 1 .
  43. Web site: Sam Coppersmith. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 26, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121026095910/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000767. live.
  44. Web site: Albert W. Cretella. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121021114345/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=C000905. live.
  45. Web site: Peter Deutsch. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 15, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121015181504/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=D000275. live.
  46. Web site: Allen E. Ertel. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. June 10, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070610211830/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000208. live.
  47. Web site: Elizabeth Esty. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 7 September 2013. September 8, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160908015246/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=E000293. live.
  48. Web site: Richard P. Freeman. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 22, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121022022644/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000366. live.
  49. Web site: Peter Frelinghuysen, Jr. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. May 29, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110529001944/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000371. live.
  50. Web site: Foster Furcolo. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. September 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120928185915/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=F000431. live.
  51. Web site: Edwin W. Higgins. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121021164027/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000578. live.
  52. Web site: Peter Hoagland. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. September 29, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120929192846/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=H000652. live.
  53. Web site: Colin M. Ingersoll. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121021151203/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=I000016. live.
  54. Web site: Donald J. Irwin. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121021151742/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=I000039. live.
  55. Web site: Stephen Wright Kellogg. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. November 2, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121102101551/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000067. live.
  56. Web site: 2017-01-31. About Rep. Khanna. 2021-10-16. Congressman Ro Khanna. en. October 16, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211016190327/https://khanna.house.gov/about/about-rep-khanna. live.
  57. Web site: Franklin F. Korell. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023103737/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=K000317. live.
  58. Web site: John Lindsay. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. July 28, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120728071612/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000326. live.
  59. Web site: Dwight Loomis. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 20, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121020153545/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000438. live.
  60. Web site: Allard K. Lowenstein. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. November 2, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121102175350/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=L000477. live.
  61. Web site: John Miller. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 17, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121017025614/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000736. live.
  62. Web site: Bruce Morrison. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. April 2, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110402025913/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000992. live.
  63. Web site: Eleanor Holmes Norton. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 26, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121026102747/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=N000147. live.
  64. Web site: Miner G. Norton. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023184558/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=N000154. live.
  65. Web site: George M. O'Brien. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 18, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121018200945/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=O000010. live.
  66. Web site: Tom Perriello. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 26, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121026124408/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000600. live.
  67. Web site: Aaron F. Perry. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023141548/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=P000241. live.
  68. Web site: William Scranton. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 10, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121010133902/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000193. live.
  69. Web site: David Skaggs. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 18, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121018160459/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000462. live.
  70. Web site: J. Joseph Smith. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 24, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121024041519/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000572. live.
  71. Web site: Wint Smith. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023220307/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000640. live.
  72. Web site: John M. Spratt, Jr. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. August 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809164034/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=s000749. live.
  73. Web site: Joseph E. Talbot. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121021231541/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000018. live.
  74. Web site: Frank Tejeda. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. April 6, 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20070406162735/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000113. live.
  75. Web site: TILSON, John Quillin (1866–1958). Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. September 16, 2012. June 29, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110629061459/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=T000279. live.
  76. Web site: illiam H. Upson. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 11 July 2013. October 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121021075934/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=U000029. live.
  77. Web site: Stuyvesant Wainwright. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. August 8, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170808233742/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000024. live.
  78. Web site: Mel Watt. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 2 December 2012. October 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121021015817/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=w000207. live.
  79. Web site: Washington F. Willcox. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 11 July 2013. October 23, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121023113142/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000480. live.
  80. Web site: David Wu. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 3 December 2012. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217050933/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=W000793. live.
  81. Web site: Dick Zimmer. Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. 3 December 2012. December 23, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171223043715/http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=Z000008. live.
  82. Web site: Robert P. Anderson. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. December 14, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161214125614/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=49&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  83. Web site: Herschel Whitfield Arant. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. March 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170329213052/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=54&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  84. Web site: Edward Roy Becker. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. December 14, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161214155227/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=136&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  85. Web site: William Duane Benton. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. January 3, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20130103064041/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=3070&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  86. Web site: Stephanos Bibas. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 13 August 2018. August 14, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180814001817/https://www.fjc.gov/history/judges/bibas-stephanos. live.
  87. Web site: Wilbur F. Booth. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. March 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170329185049/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=212&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  88. Web site: José A. Cabranes. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. March 27, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170327233408/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=344&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  89. Web site: Guido Calabresi. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. December 14, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161214214458/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=352&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  90. Web site: Charles Edward Clark. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. March 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170329213058/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=439&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  91. Web site: Eric L. Clay. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. March 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170329171451/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=2723&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  92. Web site: Richard Clifton. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. March 1, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170301061954/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=2942&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  93. Web site: R. Guy Cole. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 October 2014. August 30, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140830170427/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=473&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  94. Web site: Steven M. Colloton. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. December 15, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161215011813/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=3024&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  95. Web site: Richard Dickson Cudahy. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. December 15, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161215031615/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=540&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  96. Web site: Conrad K. Cyr. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. March 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170329174208/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=552&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  97. Web site: Morton Ira Greenberg. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. February 23, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170223160251/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=912&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  98. Web site: Pamela Harris. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 29 January 2016. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304002031/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=3559&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  99. Web site: David Hamilton. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. December 12, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161212201526/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=957&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
  100. Web site: Stephen A. Higginson. Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. 3 December 2012. March 31, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170331201128/http://www.fjc.gov/servlet/nGetInfo?jid=3400&cid=999&ctype=na&instate=na. live.
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