List of VM Motori engines explained

Italian manufacturer VM Motori has designed and built several different diesel engines for many third-party applications. Since 2013 Fiat and its successors own VM Motori and sell projects to automotive manufacturers including GM, Jeep, and other companies. VM Motori offers different range of engines depending on the applications: automotive, industrial, marine, and power generation.

Automotive applications

3 Cylinder

R 315 SOHC

1.5 L (1493abbr=onNaNabbr=on) I3, with a single overhead camshaft, four valves-per-cylinder, and common-rail direct fuel injection.

This engine was designed in 1998 with the related 4-cylinder variant R 420 SOHC. In 1999, VM granted Hyundai the license to manufacture both engines. Under terms of the agreement, Hyundai was able to manufacture the engines only to power its vehicles, while VM was free to grant other license agreements also in Korea, as happened in 2004 with GM Daewoo.^{[1] [2]}

Further evolutions were named RA 315 (Euro 4 compliant, up to 1050NaN0) and A 315 (Euro 5 compliant, up to 1150NaN0).

Applications:^[3]

• Hyundai Accent (power: 90 hp (60 kW); torque: 133 lb·ft(180 N m))
• Hyundai Matrix (power: 90 hp (60 kW); torque: 133 lb·ft(180 N m))
• Hyundai Getz (power: 90 hp (60 kW); torque: 133 lb·ft(180 N m))k

HR 392 SOHC

92mm89.2mm bore and stroke, 1779cc straight-three engine, of an OHV pushrod design with two valves per cylinder. The block was cast iron, with an alloy head. It featured a four main bearing crankshaft, a balance shaft, and a Bosch VE3/10 fuel injection pump. A KKK 14 turbocharger was used, with an intercooler for the facelifted 'Nuova 33' of 1990.^[4] Although out of production, this was the biggest three-cylinder engine ever made for a car.

Applications:

• 1986—1989 Alfa Romeo 33 Series II 730NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 1780NaN0 at 2,400 rpm^[5]
• 1990.01—1995 Alfa Romeo 33 Series III 840NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 1780NaN0 at 2,400 rpm^[6]

RA 325

1493cc 82hp at 4000 rpm NaN0NaN0 1900-2700 RPM.

• Hyundai Matrix
• Hyundai Getz
• Hyundai Accent

4 Cylinder

RA 420 SOHC

1991cc straight-4, with four valves-per-cylinder and common-rail direct fuel injection. Produced by GM Korea and Hyundai Group (Hyundai and Kia).^[7]

Applications:^[8]

• Chevrolet Cruze, power: 1100NaN0, torque: 3200NaN0
• Daewoo Lacetti/Daewoo Nubira II/Chevrolet Optra, power: 890NaN0, torque: 2800NaN0
• Daewoo Tosca/Chevrolet Epica, power: 1100NaN0, torque: 3200NaN0
• Daewoo Winstorm/Chevrolet Captiva, power: 1100NaN0, torque: 3200NaN0, engine code: Z 20 S1.
• Hyundai Elantra XD, power: 820NaN0; torque: 250NaN
• Hyundai i30 FD, power: 1030NaN0; torque: 305NaN (pre-facelift models)
• Hyundai Sonata NF, power: 1030NaN0 (pre-facelift models) / 1100NaN0 (facelift models); torque: 305NaN
• Hyundai Tucson JM, power: 820NaN0, 1030NaN0 or 1100NaN0 depending on model year; torque: 250NaN or 305NaN
• Hyundai Santa Fe SM, power: 820NaN0; torque: 250NaN
• Hyundai Santa Fe CM, power: 1030NaN0 or 1100NaN0; torque: 305NaN
• Hyundai Trajet, power: 820NaN0; torque: 250NaN
• Kia Cerato/Spectra LD, power: 820NaN0; torque: 250NaN
• Kia cee'd ED, power: 1030NaN0; torque: 305NaN
• Kia Optima/Magentis MG, power: 1030NaN0 (pre-facelift models) / 880NaN0, or 1000NaN0 or 1100NaN0 (facelift models); torque: 305NaN
• Kia Carens FC, power: 820NaN0; torque: 250NaN
• Kia Carens UN, power: 1030NaN0; torque: 305NaN
• Kia Sportage JE, power 820NaN0, 1030NaN0 or 1100NaN0 depending on model year; torque: 250NaN or 305NaN
• Opel Antara, power: 1100NaN0, torque: 3200NaN0 - called Z20DM/DMH by Opel

HR 488 OHV

1995cc straight-4, with two (pushrod-actuated) valves-per-cylinder and indirect injection from Bosch (Spica in earlier versions). NaNmm. This engine, developed for Alfa Romeo in 1979,^[9] is also known as the VM80A and VM4 HT. Usually with KKK 16 turbochargers.

Applications:

• 1985.05–1992.02 Alfa Romeo 75, 950NaN0 at 4,300 rpm and 1920NaN0 at 2,300 rpm
• 1979.10–1984.12 Alfa Romeo Alfetta, 820NaN0 at 4,300 rpm and 1620NaN0 at 2,300 rpm^[10]
• 1983.03–1985.05 Alfa Romeo Giulietta, 820NaN0 at 4,300 rpm and 1620NaN0 at 2,300 rpm^[11]
• 1984 FSO Polonez, 840NaN0 at 4,300 rpm and 1620NaN0 at 2,500 rpm

HR 492 OHV

2393cc straight-4, with two (pushrod-actuated) valves-per-cylinder and indirect fuel injection (Bosch VE 4/10, Spica in some earlier applications). NaNmm. This engine is also known as the VM81A and VM4 HT 2.4. At first the 2.4 used KKK 24 turbochargers, later KKK 16s were installed for higher output.

Applications:

• 1988.10–1992.02 Alfa Romeo 75, 1120NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 2400NaN0 at 2,400 rpm
• 1984.10–1987.01 Alfa Romeo 90, 1100NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 2350NaN0 at 2,300 rpm^[12]
• 1983.04–1984.12 Alfa Romeo Alfetta, 950NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 1860NaN0 at 2,400 rpm^[10]
• 1984 Delta Mini Cruiser/Explorer, 1000NaN0 at 4,200 rpm^[13]
• 1986–1989.10 Range Rover, 1060NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 2380NaN0 at 2,400 rpm^[14]
• 1982.04–1986.10 Rover 2400 SD Turbo (SD1), 670NaN0 at 4,000 rpm and 1920NaN0 at 2,350 rpm^[15]
• 1986-? UAZ 469B, 970NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 2160NaN0 at 2,300 rpm (installed for the Italian market by importer V. Martorelli)^[16]

425 OHV

2499cc straight-four, with two (pushrod-actuated) valves-per-cylinder and indirect fuel injection. NaNmm, the engine size is variably referred to as either 2,500 or 2,499 cc. This engine too has been called HR 492, signifying four cylinders of 92mm bore. Timing gears, not belt.

Applications:

• 1994–1998 Alfa Romeo 155, 1250NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 2940NaN0 at 2,000 rpm
• 1987–1992 Alfa Romeo 164, 114- at 4,200 rpm and 2580NaN0 at 2,500 rpm (HR492/VM84A/VM08)
• 1992–1998 Alfa Romeo 164, 1250NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 2940NaN0 at 2,000 rpm (HS492/VM32)
• 1991–2000 Chrysler Voyager, 1180NaN0 and 2620NaN0
• 1999–2001 Dodge Dakota (Brazil), 1140NaN0 and 3000NaN0
• 1991–1995 Dodge Caravan C/V (U.S. fleets only), 1180NaN0 and 2620NaN0
  • 1993–1999 Ford Scorpio 1996–2000 GAZ GAZelle, 1010NaN0; torque: 2320NaN0
• 1994–2001 Jeep Cherokee, 1180NaN0 at 4,000 rpm and 3000NaN0 at 2,000 rpm
• 1995–1998 Jeep Grand Cherokee, 1140NaN0 and 3000NaN0
• 1989.10–1992 Range Rover, 1210NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 2840NaN0 at 1,950 rpm^[17]
• 1990–1999 Rover 800, 1180NaN0, latterly 1200NaN0 and 2680NaN0 at 2,100 rpm^[18]
• 1997–2000 UAZ 3160, 1010NaN0 and 2320NaN0
• 1995 V.M.C 2500 Turbotronic, 1170NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 2350NaN0 at 2,200 rpm

This engine was also used in some early Toyota Land Cruisers & Hilux, and Opel Fronteras.

The 425 OHV used in Chrysler Voyager 1991–2000 only 1996 and 1997 was with chain.

Between 1997 and 2001 this engine was manufactured at "Detroit Diesel Motores do Brasil" in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The plant was eventually sold to Perkins after the Dodge Dakota stopped production locally.

R 425 OHV

425 OHV fitted with direct fuel injection for cleaner emissions.

Applications: Rover 800 late models circa 1998

R 425 DOHC

2499cc straight-4, with four valves-per-cylinder and common-rail direct fuel injection. Also available with variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) with upgraded power output of 1630NaN0.^[19]

Applications:

• 2001–2007 Chrysler Voyager Manual power: 1410NaN0; torque: 3400NaN0
• 2002–2004 Jeep Liberty power: 1410NaN0; torque: 3400NaN0
• 2005–2009 LDV Maxus
• 2011–present SAIC Maxus V80

^[20] power: 1180NaN0 at 4,000 rpm; torque: 3000NaN0 at 2,000 rpm

• 2012 Zhongxing Landmark
• 2016–present, Zhongxing Terralord
  • • 2012–2020, Holden Colorado, Chevrolet Colorado power: 1630NaN0; Torque: 380 N⋅m (280 lb⋅ft) Duramax LKH (Thai production)
  • power: 1800NaN0; Torque: 439 N⋅m (324 lb⋅ft) Duramax XLDE25 LP2 (Thai production)

A derated version of this engine putting out 1000NaN0 was chosen in 2006 to power the new generation of the iconic London Taxi (the TX4).

R 428 DOHC (ENR)

R 425 DOHC enlarged to 2766cc displacement.

Applications:

• 2001–2007 Chrysler Voyager (Automatic transmission) power: 1500NaN0; torque: 3600NaN0
• 2001–2004 Jeep Cherokee/Liberty power: 1500NaN0; torque: 3600NaN0. Only in Europe. (JEEP engine code: ENR)
• 2005–2006 Jeep Liberty power: 1600NaN0; torque: 4000NaN0
• 2004–present BMC Megastar power: 1270NaN0; torque: 2500NaN0
• 2012–2013 Chevrolet Colorado & Holden Colorado & Nova S10(Brazil) (Manual and Automatic) 1800NaN0 Torque 4700NaN0

RA 428 DOHC

Evolution of R 428 DOHC. Base design for SDEC SC28R engine.

Applications:

• 2008–2010 Jeep Liberty power: 1770NaN0; torque: NaN0NaN0
• 2007–2010 Dodge Nitro power: 1770NaN0; torque: NaN0NaN0
• 2007–2010 Jeep Wrangler power: 1770NaN0; torque: Manual transmission: 4100NaN0 automatic transmission: 4600NaN0
• 2008–2011 Chrysler Grand Voyager (Automatic transmission) power: 1630NaN0; torque: 4000NaN0
• 2016–present Maxus/LDV T60 (SC28R engine) (Automatic & Manual transmission) power: 1500NaN0; torque: 3600NaN0

A 428 DOHC

Evolution of R428 DOHC with 1800bar common rail injection system and piezoelectric injectors

Applications:

• 2010–2012 Jeep Cherokee power: 2000NaN0; torque: Manual transmission: 4100NaN0 automatic transmission: 4600NaN0
• 2010–2018 Jeep Wrangler power: 2000NaN0; torque: Manual transmission: 4100NaN0 automatic transmission: 4600NaN0
• 2011–2013 Chrysler Grand Voyager/Lancia Voyager power: 1630NaN0; torque: 3600NaN0
• 2013–2016 Chrysler Grand Voyager/Lancia Voyager power: 1780NaN0; torque: 3600NaN0
• 2013 Holden Colorado, Holden Colorado 7 power 1800NaN0; 4700NaN0 (Updated November 2013)
• 2014–present, Holden Colorado, Chevrolet Colorado/GMC Canyon power: 2000NaN0 Torque: 5000NaN0
• 2017–present, Chevrolet Express 2500 & 3500 vans. Power: 181 hp @ 3,400rpm and 369 lb-ft @ 2,000 rpm

R 754

The R 754 is a 2970cc double overhead camshaft inline-four engine, featuring common-rail direct fuel injection and a fixed-geometry turbocharger. The bore and stroke are . It produces between . Fitted with an oxidation catalyst, particulate filter, and selective catalytic reduction, it meets the Euro 6 emissions standards and Stage V for off-road use.

Applications:

Schmidt Swingo 200+ (street sweeper)

Aebi TT241 / TT281 (Terratrac / Slope tractor)

Aebi TP420 (Multipurpose Transporter)

Aebi VT450 (Vario Transporter)

5 Cylinder

HR 588 OHV

2494cc inline-5, with two (pushrod-actuated) valves-per-cylinder and indirect fuel injection from either Bosch or Spica. NaNmm. This engine is a five-cylinder version of the 2-litre HR488, and also uses KKK turbochargers.

Applications:

• 1983–1986.05 Alfa Romeo Alfa 6, 1120NaN0 at 4,200 rpm and 2400NaN0 at 2,400 rpm^[21]
• 1987-? Toyota Land Cruiser II BJ73, 990NaN0 at 4,000 rpm and 2200NaN0 at 2,600 rpm (Italian market only) (European market)^[22]

531 OHV

Essentially a 425 OHV with an extra cylinder. 3125cc Straight-5, with two (pushrod-actuated) valves-per-cylinder and indirect fuel injection.

Applications:

• 1999–2001 Jeep Grand Cherokee power: 1400NaN0; torque: 3840NaN0

R 531 OHV

531 OHV I5 engine, fitted with direct fuel injection.

Applications:

6 Cylinder

638 OHV

Essentially a 531 OHV with an extra cylinder. 3749cc inline-six, with two (pushrod-actuated) valves-per-cylinder and indirect fuel injection.

Applications:

• 1995–1999 Asia Motors Combi power: 1350NaN0; torque: 3200NaN0
• 1995–2000 Bucher-Guyer Duro power: 1480NaN0; torque: 3400NaN0
• 1999 Bering trucks power: 1160NaN0; torque: 4000NaN0

Also used by BMW Marine as a 1800NaN0 stern-drive package.

R 638 OHV

638 OHV fitted with direct fuel injection.

Applications:

D 642 OHV

Essentially an R 638 OHV enlarged to 4164cc displacement. It was the first VM Motori engine to feature direct fuel injection.

Applications:

• 2001–2002 Bucher-Guyer Duro power: 1580NaN0; torque: 4000NaN0

RA 629 DOHC

A planned 2935cc double overhead camshaft V6 engine, featuring four valves-per-cylinder and common-rail direct fuel injection.

Developed for General Motors but stopped at the end of 2008; after Cadillac left the European market and Saab was put for sale, GM had no use for that engine.

RA629 (A29DT) applications (Europe)

• 2010 Saab 9-5 Branded as TID⁶ (only one known test vehicle exists)
  • power 2500NaN0, torque 5500NaN0

A 630 DOHC

630 DOHC
Manufacturer:	VM Motori
Aka:	A630, EcoDiesel, L630
Production:	2011–2023
Predecessor:	Mercedes-Benz OM642 (Chrysler applications)
Configuration:	60° V6
Displacement:	2987cc
Bore:	832NaN2
Stroke:	922NaN2
Block:	Compacted graphite iron
Head:	Aluminum
Valvetrain:	DOHC 4 valves x cyl.
Compression:	15.5:1
Turbocharger:	Honeywell VGT 2056
Fuelsystem:	Common rail Direct injection
Fueltype:	Diesel, B20
Oilsystem:	Wet sump
Coolingsystem:	Water-cooled
Length:	695mm
Width:	729mm
Height:	697.5mm
Weight:	2200NaN0
Power:	NaN0NaN0
Torque:	NaN0NaN0

A 2987cc double overhead camshaft V6 engine, featuring four valves-per-cylinder and common-rail direct fuel injection. A variant complying with the emission norms of the North America market (NAFTA) is the L630 DOHC and marketed by Fiat Chrysler as the EcoDiesel. The high-performance, single turbo version is codenamed as A630 DOHC HP.^[23]

A630 applications (Europe)

• 2011 Jeep Grand Cherokee (Also Australia)
  • power 2410NaN0, torque 5500NaN0
• 2012 Chrysler 300 /Lancia Thema (Europe)
  • power 1900NaN0 @ 4000 rpm, torque 4400NaN0 @ 1600-2800 rpm
  • power 2390NaN0 @ 4000 rpm, torque 5500NaN0 @ 1800-2800 rpm
• 2014 Jeep Grand Cherokee (FPT Multijet II)
  • power 2500NaN0 @ 4000 rpm, torque 5700NaN0 @ 2000 rpm

L630 applications (North America)

• 2021–2023 Jeep Gladiator Branded as EcoDiesel
  • power 2640NaN0 @ 3600 rpm, torque 6000NaN0 @ 2000 rpm
• 2014–2019 Jeep Grand Cherokee Branded as EcoDiesel
  • power 2430NaN0 @ 3600 rpm, torque 5700NaN0 @ 2000 rpm
• 2020–2023 Jeep Wrangler Branded as EcoDiesel
  • power 2640NaN0 @ 3600 rpm, torque 6000NaN0 @ 2000 rpm
• 2014–2018 Ram 1500 Branded as EcoDiesel
  • power 2430NaN0 @ 3600 rpm, torque 5700NaN0 @ 2000 rpm
• 2019–2023 Ram 1500 Branded as EcoDiesel
  • power 2640NaN0 @ 3600 rpm, torque 6500NaN0 @ 2000 rpm

A630 HP applications (Europe)

• 2013 Maserati Ghibli III
  • power 2750NaN0 @ 4000 rpm, torque 6000NaN0 @ 2000 rpm
• 2013 Maserati Quattroporte VI
  • power 2750NaN0 @ 4000 rpm, torque 6000NaN0 @ 2000-2600 rpm
• 2016 Maserati Levante
  • power 2500NaN0 @ 4000 rpm, torque 6000NaN0 @ 2000-2600 rpm
  • power 2750NaN0 @ 4000 rpm, torque 6000NaN0 @ 2000-2600 rpm

See also

• List of Chrysler engines

Other vehicles which used VM Motori engines in some models

• AMC Eagle
• ARO 24 Series
• Chevrolet Colorado Diesel only.
• Ford Scorpio
• Fiat Croma
• Isuzu D-Max
• Jeep Wrangler
• Opel Frontera
• Range Rover Turbo D
• Toyota Hilux (2.4D)
• Toyota Land Cruiser

Notes and References

1. Web site: VM Motori grants advanced automotive technology to Asian countries. Roberto. Chellini. Automotive Industries. August 2004.
2. Web site: RA 315 SOHC. https://web.archive.org/web/20090120200327/http://vmmotori.it/en/01/00/01/dettaglio.jsp?id=46. dead. 2009-01-20. VM Motori.
3. Web site: VM Motori R 315 SOHC engine.
4. Book: Automobil Revue 1991 . Büschi, Hans U. . Hallwag AG . Berne, Switzerland . German, French . 153 . 86 . March 1991 . 3-444-00514-8 .
5. Web site: Automotive/Past vehicles. 16 July 2007. vmmotori.it. https://web.archive.org/web/20110927120947/http://www.vmmotori.it/en/01/02/01/dettaglio.jsp?id=23. 27 September 2011. dead.
6. Book: Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1992 . Editoriale Domus S.p.A . 1992 . 12 . Milano .
7. Web site: RA 420 SOHC. https://web.archive.org/web/20100707231442/https://www.vmmotori.it/en/01/00/01/dettaglio.jsp?id=8. dead. 2010-07-07. VM Motori.
8. Web site: VM Motori VM RA420 SOHC engine.
9. von Fersen, Olaf . Automobiltechnik an der Zeitenwende/La technique de l'automobile à un tournant . Automobile technology at a turning point . Automobil Revue '80 . Hallwag, AG . German, French . Berne, Switzerland . 75 . 109 . 6 March 1980 .
10. Book: World Cars 1984 . L'Editrice dell'Automobile LEA/Herald Books . Pelham, NY . 196 . 1984 . 0-910714-16-9 .
11. Book: World Cars 1985 . L'Editrice dell'Automobile LEA/Herald Books . Pelham, NY . 188 . 1985 . 0-910714-17-7 .
12. World Cars 1985, p. 191
13. Marin, Gianni . La Borsa del Nuovo . New Price Listing . July–September 1984 . Auto in Fuoristrada . 3 . 7 . 163 . Rusconi Editore . Milan . Italian .
14. Book: Heitz, Rudolf . Auto Katalog 1988 . . Stuttgart . 202 . 31 . German . 1987 .
15. World Cars 1985, p. 174
16. Book: Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1990 . Mastrostefano, Raffaele . Editoriale Domus S.p.A . 1990 . 1346 . Italian . Milano .
17. Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1990, p. 1277
18. Tutte le Auto del Mondo, pp. 907–908
19. Web site: VM Motori R425 DOHC page.
20. Web site: LDV gets diesels from VM Motori . 16 May 2005 . Crain Communications . Automotive News . Ciferri . Luca .
21. World Cars 1984, p. 198
22. Book: Quattroruote: Tutte le Auto del Mondo 1990 . Mastrostefano, Raffaele . Editoriale Domus S.p.A . 1990 . 1340–1341 . Italian . Milano .
23. Web site: V6 Motors Engine: A 630 DOHC, L 630 DOHC, A 630 DOHC HP - VM Motori. www.vmmotori.com.