List of VLF-transmitters explained

A list of VLF-transmitters and LF-transmitters, which work or worked on frequencies below 100 kHz.

List of VLF transmissions

Name / Call signLocationFrequencyCoordinatesRemarks
NOV Alpha Transmitter Novosibirsk Bolotnoye, Bolotninsky District, Russia 11.905 kHz 55.7561°N 84.4479°W Alpha-Navigation
KRA Alpha Transmitter Krasnodar Poltavskaya, Krasnoarmeysky District, Krasnodar Krai, Russia 12.649 kHz 45.4033°N 38.1581°W Alpha-Navigation, also RJH63
KOM Alpha Transmitter Komsomolskamur Khabarovsk, Russia 12.649 kHz 50.0733°N 136.6067°W Alpha-Navigation
MUR Alpha Transmitter Murmansk Revda, Russia 12.649 kHz 68.0356°N 34.6833°W Alpha-Navigation
ASH Alpha Transmitter Ashkabad Seydi, Türkmenabat, Turkmenistan 12.649 kHz 39.4711°N 62.7186°W Alpha-Navigation
LaMoure, North Dakota, USA 12.1 kHz 46.366°N -98.3357°W now operated by US Navy on 25.2 kHz
Monte Grande, Argentina 17.33 kHz, 23.6 kHz -34.7575°N -58.5091°W Appears derelict. 718 Foot (219 meter) towers
Rosnay, France 15.1 kHz, 18.3 kHz, 21.75 kHz 46.7141°N 1.2443°W 1171 foot (357 meter) tower
Ruiselede, Belgium 16.2 kHz 51.25 kHz 51.0811°N 3.3428°W used before World War II three 287 metres, today active on higher frequency with an antenna of four masts with heights of 121 and 122 metres
Gildeskål, Norway 16.4 kHz 66.9823°N 13.8725°W 7759feet valley-span antenna
VTX Vijayanarayanam, India 17.0 kHz 8.387°N 77.752°W 1545 foot (471 meter) tower
Grimeton, Varberg, Sweden 17.2 kHz 57.114°N 12.4044°W Only active at special occasions (Alexanderson Day)
Cutler, Maine, USA 17.8 kHz, 24.0 kHz 44.6445°N -67.2846°W 997 ft (304 meter) tall
RDL Krasnodar, Russia 18.1 kHz 44.7733°N 39.5472°W 425 metres tall central tower
Vijayanarayanam, India 18.2 kHz 8.3869°N 77.7506°W
Anthorn, Cumbria, UK 19.58 kHz, 22.10 kHz 54.9117°N -3.2787°W 13 towers, 745feet tall
19.8 kHz -21.8163°N 114.1655°W 389 metres tall central tower
ICV Tavolara (Sardinia, Italy) 20.27 kHz, 20.76 kHz 40.9229°N 9.7321°W Valley-span antenna fixed on 133 metres and 114 metres tall masts
Vileyka, Belarus 20.5 kHz 54.4632°N 26.7758°W Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH77 Archangelsk, Russia 20.5 kHz 64.3605°N 41.5685°W Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH99 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia 20.5 kHz 56.1719°N 43.9317°W Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH66 20.5 kHz 43.0394°N 73.6125°W Time signal transmitter Beta
RAB99 Khabarovsk, Russia 20.5 kHz 48.4856°N 134.8233°W Time signal transmitter Beta
RJH63 Martanskaya, Belorechensk, Krasnodar Krai, Russia 20.5 kHz 44.7736°N 39.5473°W
Lualualei, Hawaii, USA 21.4 kHz 21.4204°N -158.1539°W 1503feet tower installed 1972, since the collapse of Warsaw radio mast tallest structure insulated against ground
Skelton, Cumbria, UK 22.1 kHz 54.7319°N -2.8834°W 1,198 foot (365-meter) tower
Ebino, Japan 22.2 kHz or 22.1 kHz 32.0922°N 130.8291°W Antenna on 8 masts with a height of 270 metres
Rhauderfehn, Germany 23.4 kHz 53.0873°N 7.6087°W 8 masts with a height of 352.9 metres, submarine communication
NLK (Jim Creek) Seattle, Washington (USA) 24.8 kHz 48.2036°N -121.9168°W valley-span antenna
Mokpo, South Korea[1] 24.1 kHz,[2] 25.0 kHz 34.6822°N 126.4469°W
Bafa, Didim district, Turkey 26.7 kHz 37.4094°N 27.3253°W Two 1247feet towers, built about 2000.
Dimona, Israel 29.7 kHz, 26.0 kHz 30.9757°N 35.0987°W Two 1300 foot (400 meter) tall towers
Cape Town, South Africa -33.7873°N 18.6948°W
Grindavík, Iceland 37.6 kHz (37.5 kHz center) 63.8508°N -22.4517°W 1,000 ft (304.8-meter) tower
Otakadoyayama Transmitter, Tamura, Japan 40.0 kHz 37.3726°N 140.849°W Time signal
Grimeton, Sweden 40.4 kHz 57.114°N 12.4044°W Shares antenna with SAQ, used for encrypted messages to Swedish Navy
Aguada, Puerto Rico, USA 40.75 kHz 18.3988°N -67.1775°W 1205feet tower
NSY[3] Niscemi, Italy 45.9 kHz 37.1257°N 14.4363°W US Navy, 252 metres tall mast
49.0 kHz 38.1452°N 24.0197°W 820 foot (250 meter) tower
Dixon, California, USA 55.5 kHz 38.3715°N -121.7756°W 2 masts 194.2 metres tall, submarine communications[4]
LBH Gossa, Norway 57.7 kHz 62.7859°N 6.9008°W 200 metres tall mast
Fort Collins, Colorado, USA 60.0 kHz 40.6781°N -105.0469°W Time signal
Haganeyama Transmitter, Saga, Japan 60.0 kHz 33.4655°N 130.1755°W Time signal
Anthorn Radio Station, Anthorn, UK 60.0 kHz 54.91°N -3.28°W Time signal
Italian Navy Rome, Italy 65.25 kHz 41.9755°N -12.3595°W 150 metres tall masts
Moscow, Russia 66.666 kHz 55.7305°N 38.1525°W Time signal
Taldom, Russia 66.666 kHz 56.7333°N 37.6633°W Time signal
Pucheng, China 68.5 kHz 34.9483°N 109.5428°W Time signal
77.5 kHz 25.0056°N 121.365°W Time signal
Mainflingen, Mainhausen, Germany 77.5 kHz 50.0142°N 9.0115°W a major time signal in Europe
SAS2 Gudinge, Lövstabruk, Sweden 42.5 kHz 60.5243°N 18.0122°W 695 foot, 212-metre tall mast
Tving, Sweden 56.2751°N 15.4879°W 695 foot, 212-metre tall mast
RNAS Rattray (MKL, GYW1) Crimond, UK 82.8 kHz, 51.95 kHz 57.6175°N -1.8876°W tallest mast 274.3 metres high, site now home to a high frequency transmitter station forming part of the Defence High Frequency Communications Service
RNAS Inskip (HMS Nightjar) (GIZ20) Inskip, UK 61.84 kHz 53.8301°N -2.8343°W VLF transmissions of Morse code to ships close to U.K. in the 1980s; now used as a military high frequency radio transmitting station
Saint Assise, France 16.9 kHz,[5] 20.9 kHz 48.5449°N 2.5763°W
La Regine (FUG) Villemagne, France 62.6 kHz 43.3868°N 2.0974°W [6]
Kerlouan transmitter (FUE) Kerlouan, France 62.6 kHz, 65.8 kHz 48.6377°N -4.3508°W
3SB[7] Datong, China 20.6 kHz, 10.6 kHz 39.943°N 113.2479°W
3SA Changde, China 20.6 kHz 29.5899°N 110.7387°W valley-spun antenna
Guardamar del Segura, Spain 145.0 kHz 38.0719°N -0.6646°W

Demolished

Name / Call signLocationFrequencyCoordinatesRemarks
12.0 kHz 10.6997°N -61.6384°W valley span antenna dismantled, station replaced by the Paynesville Liberia Station in 1976
Paynesville, Liberia 12.0 kHz 6.3054°N -10.6621°W 1368feet tower demolished in 2011
Haiku Valley, Hawaii, USA 11.8 kHz 21.4048°N -157.8308°W 5000feet valley span antenna, decommissioned in 1997. Antenna dismantled, deteriorating transmitter building and Haiku Stairs remain
Bratland - Omega Station A (LEA) Brattland, Norway 12.1 kHz 66.4193°N 13.13°W 11500feet valley span antenna over salt water. dismantled in 2002. Building and helix house remains
12.3 kHz -20.9742°N 55.29°W 1404feet tower demolished in 1999
Golfo Nuevo, Chubut, Argentina 12.9 kHz -43.0535°N -65.1908°W 1201feet tower demolished in 1998
Woodside - Omega Station G (VL3DEF) Woodside, Victoria, Australia 13.0 kHz, 18.6 kHz -38.4813°N 146.9353°W 1417feet foot tower demolished in 2015
Tsushima Island, Japan 12.8 kHz 34.6148°N 129.4538°W 1276feet foot tower dismantled in 1998
Criggion, Wales, UK 15.2 kHz 52.7225°N -3.063°W towers and antenna demolished in 2003. Derelict transmitter building remains
Kahuku, Oahu, Hawaii, USA 16.1 kHz 21.7062°N -157.9731°W shut down in 1939, deteriorated transmitter building and support buildings remain
Coltano transmitting station Coltano, Italy 43.6498°N 10.4086°W 4 masts with a height of 250 metres, destroyed at the end of World War II
Waunfawr Marconi Transmitter Waunfawr, Wales, UK 21.2 kHz 53.1239°N -4.1935°W Closed in 1938, only the transmitter building remains
Apeldoorn, Netherlands 24 kHz 52.1734°N 5.8189°W last mast demolished in 1980, iconic transmitter building remains
Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada 37.5 kHz 46.2112°N -59.9525°W dismantled and moved to Marconi Towers, Nova Scotia in 1904
Marconi Towers Transmitter Marconi Towers, Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada 37.5 kHz 46.1547°N -59.9455°W closed and sold in 1946. Manager's house and ruins remain.
Marion Marconi Transmitter Marion, Massachusetts, USA 25.8 kHz 41.7131°N -70.7748°W shut down in 1957, towers demolished in 1960. Transmitter and support buildings remain
New Brunswick Marconi Transmitter New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA 21.8 kHz 40.5153°N -74.489°W shut down in 1948, demolished in 1953. Only the station cottage remains
Bolinas Marconi Transmitter Bolinas, California. USA 19.2 kHz 37.913°N -122.7283°W shut down in 1946. Transmitter building, MF and HF transmitters and one cottage remain
RCA Radio Central Rocky Point, New York, USA 18.3 kHz 40.9238°N -72.9356°W last VLF tower demolished in 1977
NSS Annapolis Annapolis, Maryland, USA 21.4 kHz 38.9778°N -76.4533°W shut down in 1996, 1200feet tower demolished in 1999, three 600feet towers remain
Forestport, New York, USA 43.4449°N -75.0861°W 1205feet tower demolished in 1998
Tuckerton Transmitter Tuckerton, New Jersey, USA 22.1 kHz 39.5585°N -74.3706°W shut down 1948, 820feet tower demolished 1955, transmitter building remains
Silver Creek, Nebraska, USA 41.3462°N -97.7218°W 1226feet tower demolished in 1995. Building remains.
Hinkley, California, USA 34.9174°N -117.377°W 1226feet tower and all buildings demolished in 1986
Rugby, UK 16.0 kHz 60 kHz 52.3673°N -1.1885°W shut-down in 2003, demolished in 2007
Yosami, Kariya, Aichi, Japan 17.442 kHz[8] 34.9715°N 137.017°W 250m masts, demolished
NBA Summit Naval Radio Station[9] Summit, Balboa, Canal Zone, Panama 18.6 kHz, 24.0 kHz[10] 9.0699°N -79.6333°W megawatt naval VLF station, demolished
NPO Sangley Point Naval Radio Station Cavite, Philippines 21.5 kHz 14.495°N 120.908°W Three 600feet VLF towers demolished after World War II
Malabar, Indonesia -7.1163°N 107.6062°W valley span-antenna, demolished
NPM Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, USA 26.1 kHz 21.35°N -157.964°W Three 600feet towers dismantled in 1936. Transmitters moved to Lualualei in 1936
NPL Chollas Heights San Diego, California, USA 30.6 kHz 32.7406°N -117.0643°W ceased operations in 1992, towers demolished 1995, Transmitter building remains
Sayville Telefunken Wireless Station Sayville, New York, USA 38.4 kHz 40.7437°N -73.1033°W 477feet tower demolished. massive concrete guy wire anchors remain.
Karlsborg transmitter Karlsborg, Sweden 49.55 kHz 58.487°N 14.4692°W Two 689feet masts demolished in 2001
Arlington, Virginia, USA 50.0 kHz, etc 38.8678°N -77.0791°W towers removed in 1941, NAA buildings remain.
RKS Liblice 1 (OMA) Liblice, Czech 50.0 kHz 50.0722°N 14.8808°W demolished in 2004
Poděbrady, Czech 50.0 kHz 50.1378°N 15.1443°W shutdown in 1995
FTA50 Saint-André-de-Corcy, France 50.75 kHz 45.9288°N 4.9357°W demolished
Hürup Navy Transmitter Hürup, Germany 53 kHz 68,9 kHz 54.7605°N 9.5495°W 3 masts, each 160 metres tall, shut-down in 2002
Neuharlingersiel Navy Transmitter Neuharlingersiel, Germany 53 kHz 53.6779°N 7.6121°W 3 masts, two 164 metres tall and one 171 metres tall, since 2004 no VLF/LF-transmissions
Clifden Marconi Transmitter Derrigimlagh, Clifden, Ireland 54.5 kHz 53.4509°N -10.043°W demolished following an attack by Irish republican forces in July 1922. Ruins remain
Bad Deutsch-Altenburg transmitter Bad Deutsch-Altenburg, Austria 73.85 kHz 48.1062°N 16.9204°W Three 100 metres tall masts, demolished in the 1980s
Prangins, Switzerland 75.0 kHz 46.4084°N 6.2527°W Demolished 2012
Székesfehérvár transmitter Székesfehérvár, Hungary 77.82 kHz 47.1528°N 18.3952°W Two 152 metres masts demolished in 2009
Münchenbuchsee transmitter Münchenbuchsee, Switzerland 82.05 kHz 47.0146°N 7.4435°W One 125 metres and two 92 metres towers demolished in 1983
Dübendorf transmitter Dübendorf, Switzerland 47.4088°N 8.6318°W 122 metres tall mast, demolished
Globecom Tower (XPH) Thule, Greenland 68.9 kHz 76.5531°N -68.5507°W 1241feet tower was the tallest structure outside the USA in 1954. Demolished in 1992
Radom longwave transmitter (SOA, SNA) Radom - Wacyn, Poland 55.75, 58.25, 62.45, 64.9, 76.35, 80.5, 81.35 kHz 51.4093°N 21.1172°W shut-down, one mast today used for FM-/TV-broadcasting, the others demolished
Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza (AXO, AXL) Babice, Warsaw, Poland 14.29, 16.4, 17.7, 18.65 kHz 52.2664°N 20.8799°W Alexanderson alternator, destroyed on January 16, 1945 by the army of Nazi Germany[11] [12]
Eilvese, Germany 20, 30, 96 kHz 52.5464°N 9.4147°W 820feet tower demolished in 1931
Königs Wusterhausen, Germany 69.7 kHz 52.3043°N 13.6113°W demolished
7.9333°N 0.85°W destroyed
Herzogstand, Germany 47.6289°N 11.3222°W experimental station, valley-span antenna, demolished
Kalbe, Germany 16.55 kHz 52.6692°N 11.4219°W removed by Russian troops, reinstalled in Russia as RJH90
Nauen, Germany 52.648°N 12.9083°W 872feet tower demolished and all equipment removed by Soviet Army in 1946, transmitter building remains
SRC[13] Ruda, Sweden 44.2, 40.0 kHz 57.1203°N 16.1531°W 659 foot, 201-metre tall mast, demolished 2020
Lafayette Radio Station Marcheprime, France 44.7086°N -0.8136°W destroyed by retreating German troops in 1944
Basse-Lande transmitter Brains, France 47.1707°N -1.6949°W destroyed

Notes and References

  1. Meredith . Nigel P. . Horne . Richard B. . Clilverd . Mark A. . Ross . Johnathan P. J. . An Investigation of VLF Transmitter Wave Power in the Inner Radiation Belt and Slot Region . Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics . July 2019 . 124 . 7 . 5246–5259 . 10.1029/2019JA026715 . 2019JGRA..124.5246M . 197563530 .
  2. A S Poletaev . D A Chensky . A G Chensky . Radio interferometric location finding of VLF signal transmitters . Journal of Physics: Conference Series . 2019 . 1384 . 1 . 012042 . 10.1088/1742-6596/1384/1/012042 . IOP Publishing . International Conference “Complex equipment of quality control laboratories”. 2019JPhCS1384a2042P . free .
  3. Web site: VLF Transmitters List . sidstation.loudet.org.
  4. Web site: MW List.
  5. Web site: RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 15 - 20 kHz . www.vlf.it.
  6. Web site: VLF station la Régine (French Navy).
  7. Web site: RADIO SIGNALS IN THE RANGE; 20 - 25 kHz . www.vlf.it.
  8. Web site: Navy Shore Station LF & VLF Transmitters . www.navy-radio.com.
  9. Web site: US Naval Communications Station Balboa - Panama - NBA . www.navy-radio.com.
  10. Web site: NASA - NSSDCA - Experiment - Details . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.
  11. Web site: Nadajnik Babice . PL.
  12. Web site: Transatlantycka Radiotelegraficzna Centrala Nadawcza . PL.
  13. Web site: IK4HDQ 0 50 5 MHz.

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