| Location: | Washington, D.C. |
| Type: | Presidential nomination with Senate confirmation |
| Authority: | Constitution of the United States, Art. III, §1 |
| Terms: | life tenure, subject to impeachment and removal |
| Positions: | 9 (by statute) |
This is a list of cases reported in volume 5 (1 Cranch) of United States Reports, decided by the Supreme Court of the United States from 1801 to 1803.[1]
In 1874, the U.S. government created the United States Reports, and retroactively numbered older privately-published case reports as part of the new series. As a result, cases appearing in volumes 1–90 of U.S. Reports have dual citation forms; one for the volume number of U.S. Reports, and one for the volume number of the reports named for the relevant reporter of decisions (these are called "nominative reports").
Starting with the 5th volume of U.S. Reports, the Reporter of Decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States was William Cranch. Cranch was Reporter of Decisions from 1801 to 1815, covering volumes 5 through 13 of United States Reports which correspond to volumes 1 through 9 of his Cranch's Reports. As such, the complete citation to, for example, Talbot v. Seeman is 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 1 (1801).
See also: List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States.
See also: List of United States Supreme Court justices by time in office.
See also: List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States by court composition.
The Supreme Court is established by Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution of the United States, which says: "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court . . .". The size of the Court is not specified; the Constitution leaves it to Congress to set the number of justices. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 Congress originally fixed the number of justices at six (one chief justice and five associate justices).[2] Since 1789 Congress has varied the size of the Court from six to seven, nine, ten, and back to nine justices (always including one chief justice).
John Marshall became Chief Justice in 1801, remaining in that office until his death in 1835; Marshall is the most influential Chief Justice in the Court's history. When the cases in 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) were decided, the Court comprised these six justices:
| Portrait | Justice | Office | Home State | Succeeded | Date confirmed by the Senate (Vote) | Tenure on Supreme Court |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Marshall | Oliver Ellsworth | (Acclamation) | – July 6, 1835 (Died) | |||
| William Cushing | original seat established | (Acclamation) | – September 13, 1810 (Died) | |||
| William Paterson | Thomas Johnson | (Acclamation) | – September 8, 1806 (Died) | |||
| Samuel Chase | John Blair, Jr. | (Acclamation) | – June 19, 1811 (Died) | |||
| Bushrod Washington | James Wilson | (Acclamation) | (Recess Appointment) – November 26, 1829 (Died) | |||
| William Johnson | Alfred Moore | (Acclamation) | – August 4, 1834 (Died) | |||
Marbury v. Madison, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 137 (1803), is a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws, statutes, and some government actions that they find to violate the Constitution of the United States. Decided in 1803, Marbury remains the single most important decision in American constitutional law. The Court's landmark decision established that the U.S. Constitution is actual law, not just a statement of political principles and ideals, and helped define the boundary between the constitutionally separate executive and judicial branches of the federal government.
Stuart v. Laird, 5 U.S. (1 Cranch) 299 (1803), is a case decided by the Supreme Court a week after its famous decision in Marbury v. Madison. Stuart dealt with a judgment of a circuit judge whose position had been abolished by the repeal of the Judiciary Act of 1801. Stuart's lawyer was Charles Lee, who also represented William Marbury. John Laird asked the Supreme Court to uphold the judge's ruling. Stuart's team argued that only the court rendering a judgment could enforce it and that the 1802 of the Judiciary Act had been unconstitutional, to which Stuart lost on both accounts. The Court reviewed and upheld the constitutionality of the Judiciary Act of 1802 and averted a dangerous showdown between the legislative and the judicial branches of the United States government.
See also: United States district court.
See also: United States circuit court.
See also: United States federal courts. Under the Judiciary Act of 1789 the federal court structure at the time comprised District Courts, which had general trial jurisdiction; Circuit Courts, which had mixed trial and appellate (from the US District Courts) jurisdiction; and the United States Supreme Court, which had appellate jurisdiction over the federal District and Circuit courts—and for certain issues over state courts. The Supreme Court also had limited original jurisdiction (i.e., in which cases could be filed directly with the Supreme Court without first having been heard by a lower federal or state court). There were one or more federal District Courts and/or Circuit Courts in each state, territory, or other geographical region.
Bluebook citation style is used for case names, citations, and jurisdictions.
See also: Marshall Court.
| Case Name | Page & year | Opinion of the Court | Concurring opinion(s) | Dissenting opinion(s) | Lower court | Disposition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Talbot v. Seeman | 1 (1801) | Marshall | none | none | multiple | |
| Wilson v. Mason | 45 (1801) | per curiam | none | none | reversed | |
| The Schooner Peggy | 103 (1801) | Marshall | none | none | reversed | |
| Resler v. Shehee | 110 (1801) | per curiam | none | none | affirmed | |
| Turner v. Fendall | 116 (1801) | Marshall | none | none | affirmed | |
| Marbury v. Madison | 137 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | rule discharged | |
| Clark v. Young | 181 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | affirmed | |
| Wilson v. Lenox | 194 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | reversed | |
| Clarke v. Bazadone | 212 (1803) | per curiam | none | none | writ of error quashed | |
| Hooe and Company. v. Groverman | 214 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | reversed | |
| Wood v. Owings | 239 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | reversed | |
| United States v. Simms | 252 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | affirmed | |
| Fenwick v. Sears's Administrators | 259 (1803) | per curiam | none | none | reversed | |
| Thompson v. Jameson | 282 (1803) | per curiam | none | none | reversed | |
| Mandeville v. Joseph Riddle and Company | 290 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | reversed | |
| Stuart v. Laird | 299 (1803) | Paterson | none | none | affirmed | |
| Hamilton v. Russell | 309 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | affirmed | |
| United States v. Hooe | 318 (1803) | per curiam | none | none | certification | |
| Hepburn v. Auld | 321 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | affirmed | |
| Marine Insurance Company v. Young | 332 (1803) | per curiam | none | none | not indicated | not indicated |
| Abercrombie v. Dupuis | 343 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | reversed | |
| Lindo v. Gardner | 343 (1803) | per curiam | none | none | reversed | |
| Hodgson v. Dexter | 345 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | affirmed | |
| Lloyd v. Alexander | 365 (1803) | Marshall | none | none | not indicated | certification |