List of United States Senate elections (1788–1913) explained

Key:
align=center width=35px AJAnti-Jacksonian
align=center width=35px AAnti–Administration
align=center width=35px CConservative
align=center width=35px DDemocratic
align=center width=35px DRDemocratic–Republican
align=center width=35px FFederalist
align=center width=35px FLFarmer–Labor
align=center width=35px FSFree Soil
align=center width=35px IIndependent
align=center width=35px IDIndependent Democratic
align=center width=35px JJacksonian
align=center width=35px KNKnow Nothing
align=center NNullifier
align=center width=35px PPro-Administration
align=center width=35px PgProgressive
align=center width=35px RAReadjuster
align=center width=35px RRepublican
align=center width= 35px UUnionist
align=center width= 35px UUUnconditional Unionist
align=center width=35px VVacant

1788 and 1789 elections

See main article: 1788 and 1789 United States Senate elections. These were the first Senate elections, which coincided with the election of President George Washington. As of this election, formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of senators who supported George Washington's administration were known as "Pro-Administration," and the senators against him as "Anti-Administration." Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]

V
width=50px Awidth=50px Awidth=50px Awidth=50px Awidth=50px Awidth=50px Awidth=50px Awidth=50px Pwidth=50px PP
Majority →
PPPPPPPPPP
V

1790 and 1791 elections

See main article: 1790 and 1791 United States Senate elections. These were the second series of elections. In these elections, terms were up for the nine Senators in Class 1. As of these elections, formal organized political parties had yet to form in the United States, but two political factions were present: The coalition of Senators who supported President George Washington's administration were known as the Pro-Administration Party, and the Senators against him as the Anti-Administration Party.

Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]

AAA
width=50px Awidth=50px Awidth=50px A
width=50px A
width=50px V
width=50px P
width=50px P
width=50px P
width=50px P
P
Majority →
PPPPPPPPPP
PPP

1792 and 1793 elections

See main article: 1792 and 1793 United States Senate elections. These elections coincided with President George Washington's unanimous re-election. In these elections, terms were up for the ten senators in class 2.

Note: There were no political parties in this Congress. Members are informally grouped into factions of similar interest, based on an analysis of their voting record.[1]

AAAAA
width=50px Awidth=50px A
width=50px A
width=50px A
width=50px A
width=50px A
width=50px Vwidth=50px P
width=50px P
P
Majority →
PPPPPPPPP
P
PPPPP

1794 and 1795 elections

See main article: 1794 and 1795 United States Senate elections. These elections had the formation of organized political parties in the United States, with the Federalist Party emerging from the Pro Administration coalition, and the Democratic-Republican Party emerging from the Anti-Administration coalition.

AAAAA
width=50px Awidth=50px Awidth=50px Awidth=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px Vwidth=50px F
width=50px F
width=50px F
width=50px F
 F
PPPPPPF
F
F
PPPPP

1796 and 1797 elections

See main article: 1796 and 1797 United States Senate elections. These elections coincided with John Adams's election as President. His ruling Federalist Party gained one seat.

DRDRDRDRDRDR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px V
width=50px F
width=50px F
width=50px F
width=50px F
F
Majority →
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
F
FFFFFF

1798 and 1799 elections

See main article: 1798 and 1799 United States Senate elections. These elections were held at the middle of President John Adams's administration and had no net change in political control of the Senate.

DR
DR
DRDRDRDR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px V
width=50px F
width=50px F
width=50px F
width=50px F
width=50px F
F
Majority →
FFFFFFFFFF
FFFFFF

1800 and 1801 elections

See main article: 1800 and 1801 United States Senate elections. Coinciding with their takeover of the White House, the Democratic-Republicans took control of the Senate. Although the Federalists began the next (7th) Congress with a slim majority, they lost their majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections.

DRDRDRDRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px V
F
Majority →
F
FFFFFFFFF
FFFFFF

1802 and 1803 elections

These elections had the Democratic-Republicans assume an overwhelming control of the Senate.

See main article: 1802 and 1803 United States Senate elections.

DRDRDRDRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
Majority →DR
F
F
F
V
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FFFFFF

1804 and 1805 elections

See main article: 1804 and 1805 United States Senate elections.

These elections expanded the Democratic-Republicans' overwhelming control of the Senate. The Federalists went into the elections with such a small share of seats (9 out of 34, or 26%) that even had they won every election, they would have still remained a minority caucus.

DRDRDRDRDRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
Majority →DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
F
F
FFFFF

1806 and 1807 elections

See main article: 1806 and 1807 United States Senate elections.

DRDRDRDRDRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
Majority →DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
F
FFFFF

1808 and 1809 elections

See main article: 1808 and 1809 United States Senate elections.

DRDRDRDRDRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
Majority →DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
F
F
F
F
FFF

1810 and 1811 elections

See main article: 1810 and 1811 United States Senate elections. The Democratic-Republicans held their majority unchanged. The minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (8 out of 34, or 23.5%) that they had won all of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

DRDRDRDRDRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
Majority →DR
V
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
F
FFFFFF

1812 and 1813 elections

See main article: 1812 and 1813 United States Senate elections. Coinciding with President James Madison's re-election, the Democratic-Republican Party lost two seats but still retained an overwhelming majority in the Senate. As in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats that if they had won every one of the elections, they would still not have controlled a majority.

DRDRDRDRDRDRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
Majority →DR
V
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
V
F
F
FFFFF

1814 and 1815 elections

See main article: 1814 and 1815 United States Senate elections. The Democratic-Republicans lost a seat but still retained an overwhelming majority in the Senate. Unlike in recent elections, the minority Federalists had gone into the elections with a change of regaining their long-lost majority had they swept almost all the seats. However, only one seat switched parties. Two seats held by Democratic-Republicans were left unfilled until long after the next Congress began.

DRDRDRDRDRDRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
Majority →DR
F
F
F
V
V
DR
DR
DR
DR
F
F
FFFFFF

1816 and 1817 elections

See main article: 1816 and 1817 United States Senate elections.

width=50px DRDRDRDRDRDRDRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
width=50px DR
Majority →DR
FF
F
F
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
FFFFFFFFF

1818 and 1819 elections

See main article: 1818 and 1819 United States Senate elections.

width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
DRDRDRDRDRDRDRDRDR
DR
Majority →DR
V
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
V
FFFFFFFFF

1820 and 1821 elections

See main article: 1820 and 1821 United States Senate elections.

 DRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
DRDRDRDRDRDRDRDRDRDR
Majority →DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DRDRDR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
VVVF
 FFF

1822 and 1823 elections

See main article: 1822 and 1823 United States Senate elections.

 DRDRDRDR
width=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DRwidth=50px DR
DRDRDRDRDR1DRDRDRDRDR
Majority →DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DRDRDRDRDR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
DR
 FFF
V

1824 and 1825 elections

See main article: 1824 and 1825 United States Senate elections. The elections of 1824 and 1825 saw the Jacksonians gain a majority over the Anti-Jacksonians (sometimes called the "National Republican Party").

Factions:DRa/Fa = Adams-Clay factionsDRc = Crawford factionDRj = Jackson faction
 AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
width=50px style="background:#AAEE11" DRcwidth=50px style="background:#AAEE11" DRcwidth=50px style="background:#AAEE11" DRcwidth=50px style="background:#AACC11" DRawidth=50px style="background:#AACC11" DRawidth=50px style="background:#AACC11" DRawidth=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px AJ
width=50px AJ
DRcDRcDRcDRcDRcDRcJ
J
J
J
 
DRjDRjDRjDRcDRcDRcDRcDRcJ
J
DRjDRjDRjDRjDRjDRjDRjDRjJ
J
 FaFaFaFa

1826 and 1827 elections

See main article: 1826 and 1827 United States Senate elections.

 AJAJAJAJ
width=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
V
J
J
J
Majority →J
JJJJJ
J
J
J
J
JJJJJJJJJJ
 JJJJ

1828 and 1829 elections

See main article: 1828 and 1829 United States Senate elections.

 AJAJAJAJ
width=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJ
AJAJAJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
J
J
Majority →J
JJJ
J
J
J
J
J
J
JJJJJJJJJJ
 JJJJ

1830 and 1831 elections

See main article: 1830 and 1831 United States Senate elections.

 AJAJAJAJ
width=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
VN
J
J
Majority →J
JJJJJ
J
J
J
J
JJJJJJJJJJ
 JJJJ

1832 and 1833 elections

See main article: 1832 and 1833 United States Senate elections.

 AJAJAJAJ
width=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJ
AJAJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
N
Plurality ↑N
JJ
J
J
J
J
J
V
V
JJJJJJJJJJ
 JJJJ

1834 and 1835 elections

See main article: 1834 and 1835 United States Senate elections.

 AJAJAJAJ
width=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJ
AJAJAJAJAJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
AJ
Plurality →
J
J
J
J
J
J
J
NN
V
J
JJJJJJJJJ
 JJJJ

1836 and 1837 elections

See main article: 1836 and 1837 United States Senate elections.

 AJAJAJAJAJAJ
width=50px W
width=50px W
width=50px W
width=50px W
width=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJwidth=50px AJ
W
ND
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Majority →
JJJJJJD
D
D
D
JJJJJJJJJJ
 JJJJJJ

1838 and 1839 elections

See main article: 1838 and 1839 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDDD
DDDDDDDDDD
DDDDDDDDDD
Majority →D
W
W
W
W
V
V
V
V
D
width=50px W
width=50px W
width=50px W
width=50px W
width=50px W
width=50px W
width=50px Wwidth=50px Wwidth=50px Wwidth=50px W
 WWWWWW

1840 and 1841 elections

See main article: 1840 and 1841 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
D
D
D
D
D
D
V
VVW
Majority →
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
WWWWWWWWWW
 WWWWWW

1842 and 1843 elections

See main article: 1842 and 1843 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDDD
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
VVW
Majority →W
WWWWWWWW
W
WWWWWWWWWW
 WWWWWW

1844 and 1845 elections

See main article: 1844 and 1845 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Majority →
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
V
V
V
W
WWWWWWWWW
 WWWWWWW

1846 and 1847 elections

See main article: 1846 and 1847 United States Senate elections.

DDDDDDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDD
D
D
D
Majority →D
V
V
V
ID
D
D
D
D
D
W
W
W
W
W
W
W
WWW
WWWWWWWWW

1848 and 1849 elections

See main article: 1848 and 1849 United States Senate elections.

width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
DDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
Majority →D
W
W
W
W
W
IDFS
D
D
W
W
W
W
WWWWWW
WWWWWWWWWW

1850 and 1851 elections

See main article: 1850 and 1851 United States Senate elections.

D 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D width=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
DD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Majority →D
V
V
FSFSV
V
V
D
D
W
W
W
W
WWWWWW
WWWWWWWWWW
W 

1852 and 1853 elections

See main article: 1852 and 1853 United States Senate elections.

D 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
DDDDDD
D
D
D
D
Majority →D
KN
FSFSV
V
D
D
D
D
V
V
V
W
W
W
W
WWW
WWWWWWWWWW
W 

1854 and 1855 elections

See main article: 1854 and 1855 United States Senate elections.

D 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
DDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
Majority →D
VVVV
V
V
V
V
D
V
KNFS
FSR
R
R
W
W
W
WWWWWWWWWW
W 

1856 and 1857 elections

See main article: 1856 and 1857 United States Senate elections. The young Republican Party assumed its position as one of the United States's two main political parties. The Whigs and Free Soilers were gone by the time the next Congress began.

D 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
DDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
Majority →D
FSKNKN
V
VVVD
D
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRR
WWR
R
R
R
R
RRR
W 

1858 and 1859 elections

See main article: 1858 and 1859 United States Senate elections.

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width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
DDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Majority →D
R
R
KNKNV
D
D
D
D
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRR 

1860 and 1861 elections

See main article: 1860 and 1861 United States Senate elections.

V
V
V
 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
DDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
Plurality ↑KN
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
V
V
V
 

1862 and 1863 elections

See main article: 1862 and 1863 United States Senate elections.

VVVV 
width=50px Vwidth=50px Vwidth=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
U
UUUD
D
D
D
DD
U
UU
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Majority →
RRRRRRRR
R
R
RRRRRRRRRR
VVVVVVRRRR
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1864 and 1865 elections

See main article: 1864 and 1865 United States Senate elections. These elections, corresponding with Abraham Lincoln's re-election as president, saw the Republicans gain two seats. As these elections occurred during the Civil War, most of the Southern states were absent.

V
V
V
VV 
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
UUUUUUUUD
D
D
DD
UUR
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Majority →
RRRRRRRRR
R
RRRRRRRRRR
VVVVVV
RRRR
VVVVV 

1866 and 1867 elections

See main article: 1866 and 1867 United States Senate elections.

V
V
V
V
VV 
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
R
R
R
UUUUD
D
DD
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Majority →
RRRRRRRRR
R
RRRRRRRRRR
VVVVRRRRRR
VVVVVV 

1868 and 1869 elections

See main article: 1868 and 1869 United States Senate elections.

DDDV
V
V
V 
width=50px Dwidth=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px R
width=50px R
width=50px R
width=50px R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRR
Majority →
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
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1870 and 1871 elections

See main article: 1870 and 1871 United States Senate elections.

DDDDDDD 
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px V
width=50px V
width=50px R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRR
Majority →R
RRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRR 

1872 and 1873 elections

See main article: 1872 and 1873 United States Senate elections.

DDDDDDD 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
V
D
D
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Majority →R
RRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRR 

1874 and 1875 elections

See main article: 1874 and 1875 United States Senate elections.

DDDDDDD 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
width=50px D
width=50px D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
AM
VLRLRR
R
R
R
R
Majority →R
RRRRRR
R
R
R
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRR 

1876 and 1877 elections

See main article: 1876 and 1877 United States Senate elections.

DDDDDDDD 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
DDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
I
AMR
Majority →
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRR 

1878 and 1879 elections

See main article: 1878 and 1879 United States Senate elections.

DDDDDDDD 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
Majority →D
R
R
R
V
AMID
D
D
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRR 

1880 and 1881 elections

See main article: 1880 and 1881 United States Senate elections.

DDDDDDDD 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
I
Plurality ↓RA
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRR 

1882 and 1883 elections

See main article: 1882 and 1883 United States Senate elections.

DDDDDDDD 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
D
D
D
D
D
DDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
V
RA
Majority, with Readjusters in caucus ↓RA
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRR 

1884 and 1885 elections

See main article: 1884 and 1885 United States Senate elections.

DDDDDDDD 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
D
D
D
D
D
D
DDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
V
V
V
RA
Majority due to three vacancies ↓RA
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRR 

1886 and 1887 elections

See main article: 1886 and 1887 United States Senate elections.

DDDDDDDD 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
D
D
D
DDDDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
V
RA
Majority due to vacancy→R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRR 

1888 and 1889 elections

See main article: 1888 and 1889 United States Senate elections. These elections coincided with Benjamin Harrison's victory over incumbent President Grover Cleveland. Both parties were unchanged in the general elections, but later special elections would give Republicans an eight-seat majority, mostly from newly admitted states.

DDDDDDDD 
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
D
D
D
D
DDDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
V
Majority due to vacancy →R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRR 

1890 and 1891 elections

See main article: 1890 and 1891 United States Senate elections.

 DD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
DDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
I
P
Majority →R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RR

1892 and 1893 elections

See main article: 1892 and 1893 United States Senate elections.

 DDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
DDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
V
V
Majority with vacancies →D
V
R
R
R
SR
PPP
V
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRR

1894 and 1895 elections

See main article: 1894 and 1895 United States Senate elections.

 DDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
D
D
D
D
DDDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
P
PV
V
No majorityV
R
R
R
R
R
SRPPV
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRR
R
R
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRR

1896 and 1897 elections

See main article: 1896 and 1897 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
P
P
P
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
PPS
SSR
SR
R
R
R
V
Majority →V
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
V
R
R
R
R
RRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRRR

1898 and 1899 elections

See main article: 1898 and 1899 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
R
SR
SRSRSSPPPP
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
V
V
V
Majority →
R
V
V
V
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRRR

1900 and 1901 elections

See main article: 1900 and 1901 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
SRSSPPPPD
D
D
SRSR
R
R
R
R
R
R
V
V
Majority →V
V
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
V
R
RRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRRR

1902 and 1903 elections

See main article: 1902 and 1903 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDD
D
D
D
R
R
V
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
V
Majority →R
RRR
R
R
R
R
R
V
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRRR

1904 and 1905 elections

See main article: 1904 and 1905 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
R
R
R
R
D
D
D
D
D
D
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
V
Majority →V
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
V
R
RRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRRR

1906 and 1907 elections

See main article: 1906 and 1907 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
R
R
R
R
R
V
V
D
D
D
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Majority due to vacancies→R
RRRRRRRR
R
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRRR

1908 and 1909 elections

See main article: 1908 and 1909 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
R
R
R
V
V
D
D
D
D
D
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Majority due to vacancies→R
RRRRRRRR
R
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRRRR

1910 and 1911 elections

See main article: 1910 and 1911 United States Senate elections. Although the 17th Amendment was not passed until 1913, some states elected their Senators directly before its passage. Oregon pioneered direct election and experimented with different measures over several years until it succeeded in 1907. Soon after, Nebraska followed suit and laid the foundation for other states to adopt measures reflecting the people's will. By 1912, as many as 29 states elected senators either as nominees of their party's primary or in conjunction with a general election.

 DDDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
V
V
R
R
R
R
Majority →R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRRRR

1912 and 1913 elections

See main article: 1912 and 1913 United States Senate elections.

 DDDDDDDD
width=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px Dwidth=50px D
DDDDDDDDDD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
DD
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
VV
Majority with vacancies →D
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
V
V
R
R
R
R
R
RRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
RRRRRRRRRR
 RRRRRRRR

See also elections

Notes and References

  1. Book: Martis, Kenneth C.. The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of United States Senate elections (1788–1913)".

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