United States presidential pets explained

Most United States presidents have kept pets while in office, or pets have been part of their families.^[1] Only James K. Polk, Andrew Johnson, and Donald Trump did not have any presidential pets while in office.^[2] However, Johnson did take care of some mice he found in his bedroom.

History of White House pets

The first White House dog to receive regular newspaper coverage was Warren G. Harding's dog Laddie Boy.^[3]

Pets also featured in presidential elections. Herbert Hoover got a "Belgian Police Dog" (Belgian Malinois), King Tut, during his campaign and pictures of him with his new dog were sent all across the United States.

Theodore Roosevelt was known for having many pets in the White House. He had six children who owned pets including snakes, dogs, cats, a badger, birds, and guinea pigs.^[4]

In 1944, Franklin D. Roosevelt was running for his fourth term when rumors surfaced that his Scottish Terrier, Fala, had accidentally been left behind when visiting the Aleutian Islands. After allegedly sending back ships to rescue his dog, Roosevelt was ridiculed and accused of spending thousands of taxpayers' dollars to retrieve his dog. At a speech following this Roosevelt said, "You can criticize me, my wife and my family, but you can't criticize my little dog. He's Scottish and all these allegations about spending all this money have just made his little soul furious."^[5] What was later called the "Fala speech" reportedly helped secure reelection for Roosevelt.^[6]

Richard Nixon was accused of hiding a secret slush fund during his candidacy for vice president under Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952. He gave the televised "Checkers speech" named after his cocker spaniel, denying he had a slush fund but admitting, "there is one thing that I did get as a gift that I'm not going to give back."^[7] The gift was a black-and-white cocker spaniel, Checkers, given to his daughters. Although there had been talk of Nixon being dropped from the ticket, following his speech he received an increase in support and Mamie Eisenhower reportedly recommended he stay because he was "such a warm person."^{[8] [9]}

Animal lovers were upset when President Lyndon B. Johnson was photographed lifting his beagles, named Him and Her, by their ears. Others did not understand the uproar; former president Harry S. Truman said, "What the hell are the critics complaining about; that's how you handle hounds."^[7] Him died after he was run over by the presidential limousine.^[10]

Bill Clinton moved into the White House with Socks, a tuxedo cat, who in 1991 was reported to have jumped into the arms of Chelsea Clinton after piano lessons while the Clintons were living in Little Rock, Arkansas. He was later joined in 1997 by Buddy, a Labrador Retriever, during Clinton's second term.^[11] The two reportedly did not get along, with Clinton later saying "I did better with the Palestinians and the Israelis than I've done with Socks and Buddy" while Hillary Clinton said Socks "despised" Buddy at first sight.^[12] The two were, however, the subject of a book, Dear Socks, Dear Buddy: Kids' Letters to the First Pets written by then First Lady Hillary Clinton and appeared as cartoons in the kids' section of the first White House website.^[13]

While George W. Bush was president, he had three dogs and a cat at the White House.^[14] Among the canines was Spot Fetcher, an English Springer Spaniel and the offspring of George H. W. Bush's dog, Millie.^[15] This made Spotty the first animal to live in the White House under two different administrations, having been born there in 1989 and passed away there in 2004.^[16]

Barack and Michelle Obama were without pets prior to the 2008 election, but promised their daughters they could get a dog when the family moved into the White House.^[17] They selected Bo, a Portuguese Water Dog, partly due to Malia Obama's allergies and the need for a hypoallergenic pet.^[18] The puppy was a gift from Senator Ted Kennedy^[19] and was later joined by Sunny, a female of the same breed.^[20] Bo was featured in the 2010 children's book Of Thee I Sing: A Letter to My Daughters, written by President Obama with illustrations by Loren Long.^[21]

Joe and Jill Biden moved into the White House with two German Shepherds, Champ and Major.^[22] Major was the first shelter dog in the White House, while Champ returned to Washington, having joined the Biden family during Joe Biden's tenure as vice-president.^[23] The Bidens announced the death of 13-year-old Champ on June 19, 2021.^[24] In December 2021, the Bidens announced the arrival of a pedigreed German Shepherd puppy named Commander, gifted to them by Joe Biden's brother. Officials later told the press that Major had been rehomed to a quieter environment following a series of biting incidents. The Bidens had also promised they would get a cat, and they fulfilled that promise in January 2022 by adding a two-year-old gray tabby, Willow, to the family.^[25]

List of presidential pets

In addition to traditional pets, this list includes some animals normally considered livestock or working animals that have a close association with presidents or their families. Presidents have often been given exotic animals from foreign dignitaries; occasionally these are kept, but often they are promptly donated to a zoo.

President	Pets
George Washington	Sweetlips,^[26] Scentwell and Vulcan^[27] (among others) – American Foxhounds Drunkard, Taster, Tipler, and Tipsy – Black and Tan Coonhounds Royal Gift – Andalusian donkey,^[28] a gift from King Charles III of Spain^[29] Nelson (1763–1790) and Blueskin^[30] – horses^[31] ^[32] that were Washington's wartime mounts Snipe – parrot^[33] said to have been owned by First Lady Martha Washington^[34] Cornwallis^[35] – greyhound named for General Cornwallis Samson, Steady, Leonidas, Traveller, and Magnolia^[36] – stallions
John Adams	Juno, Mark, and Satan – dogs Cleopatra and Caesar – horses
Thomas Jefferson	Dick – mockingbird; Dick was the favorite from among at least four mockingbirds the president had while in office^[37] Bergère and Grizzle – shepherd dogs from France, possibly Briards^[38] Two grizzly bear cubs,^[39] a male and female pair gifted from Captain Zebulon Pike. Jefferson deemed them "too dangerous & troublesome for me to keep" and gave them to Charles Willson Peale's Philadelphia Museum^[40] Caractacus – horse named after Caratacus, a 1st-century British chieftain. The horse was the offspring of Jefferson's mare Allycroker and a Godolphin Arabian named Young Fearnought^[41] Sheep – beginning in 1807, the president bred sheep from "four of the most remarkeable varieties [...] pro bono publico." By spring 1808, there were nearly 40 sheep grazing at the president's house. One notorious Shetland ram was said to have killed "a fine little boy."^[42]
James Madison	Polly – a parrot that outlived both James and Dolley Madison Sheep – grazed on the White House lawn^[43]
James Monroe	A spaniel whose name is unknown belonged to Monroe's youngest daughter, Maria Hester Monroe^[44] who the family called “Buddy”^[45] Sheepdogs were provided by Marquis de Lafayette as working dogs on Monroe's farm.^[46]
John Quincy Adams	Silkworms^[47] ^[48] whose silk First Lady Louisa Adams spun.^[49] ^[50] An alligator – Said to have belonged to Marquis de Lafayette and housed for two months in the East Room. Although this story has been widely circulated, the lack of evidence from contemporary accounts or official records suggests an apocryphal myth.^[51] ^[52]
Andrew Jackson	Poll – grey parrot who learned to swear. She later attended Jackson's funeral but had to be removed due to loud and persistent profanity. Fighting cocks Bolivia, Emily, Lady Nashville, Sam Patch, and Truxton – horses Sam Patch was named after the famous daredevil known as "The Yankee Leaper."
Martin Van Buren	Two tiger cubs – Van Buren received them from Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman but Congress quickly forced him to donate the tigers to the zoo.^[53] This story, however, might be the result of a misunderstanding.^[54]
William Henry Harrison	Sukey – Durham cow^[55] Whiskers (named either His Whiskers or Old Whiskers) – Goat
John Tyler	Le Beau – Italian Greyhound Johnny Ty – canary. Brought to the White House by Tyler's second wife, Julia Gardiner Tyler The General – horse
James K. Polk	None
Zachary Taylor	Old Whitey – horse Taylor's wartime mount Apollo – Pony; formerly a "trick pony" from a circus, a present for Taylor's daughter Betty and resided in the White House stables with Old Whitey^[56]
Millard Fillmore	Mason and Dixon – ponies
Franklin Pierce	At least two miniature "teacup" Japanese Chin dogs, part of a gift exchange with Japan following the Perry Expedition^[57] Two birds from Japan, which had just opened its trading posts to the United States.
James Buchanan	Lara – Newfoundland^[58] Punch – Toy terrier Eagle 2 Thai Elephants – Sent from the king of Siam but they arrived when Abraham Lincoln was president and he replied “Thanks, but no thanks.”^[59]
Abraham Lincoln	Nanny and Nanko – goats Jack – Turkey, intended as Christmas dinner, but Tad Lincoln intervened^[60] Fido – dog, "assassinated"^[61] by a drunk with a knife, a few months after Lincoln's assassination;^[62] "Fido" became a generic name for a dog because of Lincoln's famous dog^[63] ^[64] Jip – dog Tabby and Dixie – cats. Lincoln once remarked that Dixie "is smarter than my whole cabinet."^[65] Horse Rabbit Old Bob – horse Pig – One lived on the White House grounds^[66]
Andrew Johnson	None, however, Johnson fed white mice he found in his bedroom^[67]
Ulysses S. Grant	Butcher's Boy, Cincinnati, Egypt, Jeff Davis (his wartime mount), Jennie, Julia, Mary, and St. Louis – Horses. Grant purchased Butcher's Boy from a butcher following an impromptu race on D.C. streets where he lost to this horse pulling a butcher's cart.^[68] Cincinnati was a thoroughbred of renowned racing pedigree.^[69] Billy Button and Reb – ponies Faithful – Newfoundland Rosie – dog Parrot^[70]
Rutherford B. Hayes	Dot – Cocker Spaniel Hector – Newfoundland Duke – English Mastiff Grim – Greyhound Otis – Miniature Schnauzer Juno and Shep – Hunting dogs Jet – dog Piccolomini – cat (presumably named after the Italian general) Siam – First Siamese cat in the United States^[71] Miss Pussy – Siamese cat
James A. Garfield	Kit – horse Veto – dog
Chester A. Arthur	Rabbit Three horses
Grover Cleveland	Hector – German poodle Mockingbirds Three^[72] Dachshunds Gallagher – Cocker Spaniel^[73] Dog – unknown name and breed, seen in a White House photo Paradise fish – given by the ruler of Siam (now Thailand)^[74]
Benjamin Harrison	Whiskers ("His Whiskers," or "Old Whiskers") – goat, kept at the White House for the president's grandchildren; may have belonged to Russell Harrison^[75] Dash – collie Mr. Reciprocity and Mr. Protection – opossums,^[76] named from the 1896 Republican party platform,^[77] which includes: "Protection and reciprocity are twin measures of Republican policy and go hand in hand."^[78] Two alligators – According to one account, Russell Harrison kept two alligators in the White House conservatory^[79]
William McKinley	Washington Post (or "Loretta")^[80]  – Yellow-headed Mexican parrot; could whistle "Yankee Doodle" Valeriano Weyler and Enrique DeLome – Angora kittens; named after Spanish general Valeriano Weyler and Spanish ambassador Enrique Dupuy de Lôme Roosters
Theodore Roosevelt	Admiral Dewey, Bishop Doane, Dr. Johnson, Father O'Grady, Fighting Bob Evans – guinea pigs; namesakes: George Dewey, William Croswell Doane, (likely John O'Grady (priest)) and Robley D. Evans Algonquin – "Calico pony" (Shetland), favored by Roosevelt's son Archie^[81] Bleistein – horse. The favorite of all his horses^[82] ^[83] Baron Spreckle – hen, likely named after sugar baron Claus Spreckels Bill the Lizard – lizard,^[84] brought from California and described as a "horned frog"^[85] (cf. horned toad); likely named after Lewis Carroll's Bill the Lizard. Blackjack – Manchester Terrier Eli Yale – Hyacinth macaw Named after the British merchant (also College namesake) Emily Spinach – garter snake, so named by Roosevelt's daughter Alice because "it was as green as spinach and as thin as my Aunt Emily"^[86] Fedelity – pony Gem and Susan – dogs Jack and Pete – terriers Pete was exiled to Long Island "after chomping on one too many legs."^[87] Jonathan Edwards – small black bear from West Virginia^[88] named after the religious leader, an ancestor of Mrs. Roosevelt;^[89] eventually sent to the Bronx Zoo^[90] Jonathan – Piebald rat Josiah (or "Josh") – badger During a railroad tour of the West, the president acquired two-week-old Josiah at a stop in Sharon Springs, Kansas^[91] Manchu – Pekingese dog Maude – pig Pete – Bull Terrier (possibly a Boston Bull Terrier or bulldog) who was banished from the White House after numerous offensives Peter Rabbit – rabbit; was given a "proper state" funeral^[92] Cf. Peter Rabbit. Rollo – Saint Bernard Skip – mongrel Sailor Boy – Chesapeake Bay Retriever Tom Quartz and Slippers – Cats, Tom Quartz was named after a cat in a Mark Twain story.^[93] Bill – laughing hyena, gift from Emperor Menelik II of Ethiopia^[94] Barn owl^[95] Fierce^[96]  – one-legged rooster Lion^[97]
William Howard Taft	Caruso – dog, a gift for Taft's daughter Helen from opera singer Enrico Caruso; after a White House performance, he decided that cows were not appropriate pets for a little girl^[98] Mooly Wooly and Pauline Wayne – cows. Pauline (or "Miss Wayne") was a Holstein of considerable fame; she "went missing" for two days.^[99]
Woodrow Wilson	Davie – Airedale Terrier Old Ike – ram, led the flock of sheep Puffins – cat Bruce – Bull Terrier songbirds Sheep, numbering 48 at the flock's peak.^[100] The sheep kept the White House lawn trimmed "in the most economical way"^[101] and the wool was sold to benefit the Red Cross^[102]
Warren G. Harding	Laddie Boy (July 26, 1920 – January 23, 1929) – Airedale Terrier Old Boy – Bulldog Petey – canary^[103] Pete – squirrel^[104] ^[105]
Calvin Coolidge	Rob Roy (1922–1928) and Prudence Prim – White collies Peter Pan – Wirehair Fox Terrier, the Coolidges' first White House dog; Paul Pry – Airedale Terrier, half-brother of Warren Harding's Laddy Boy Calamity Jane – Shetland Sheepdog Tiny Tim and Blackberry – Chow Chows Ruby Rouch – collie Boston Beans – Boston bulldog King Cole – Belgian Sheepdog (Groenendael) Palo Alto ("Palo") – A black and white English Setter, a bird dog that Coolidge soon gave to Colonel Starling, chief of the Secret Service detail in the White House Bessie – collie Rebecca – raccoon, Rebecca was intended for a Thanksgiving feast; First Lady Grace had a tree-house built for her instead^[106] Reuben – A male raccoon acquired as a companion for Rebecca; soon escaped and not recovered^[107] Ebeneezer – donkey Nip and Tuck – canaries, both olive green in color; the Coolidges' first birds Peter Piper and Snowflake – Two more canaries; Snowflake was white Goldy – A "yellow bird" Do-Funny – a trained songbird (troupial) from South America; said to be Mrs. Coolidge's favorite bird Enoch – goose Smoky – bobcat Blacky and Tiger (or "Tige") – cats^[108] Tax Reduction and Budget Bureau – lion cubs from Johannesburg, South Africa Billy – pygmy hippopotamus, full name: William Johnson Hippopotamus^[109] A wallaby – Promptly given to a zoo A duiker (a very small type of antelope) – Also sent to the zoo Bruno – A black bear from Chihuahua, Mexico; Mrs. Coolidge promptly sent him to a zoo Pekin ducks – Thirteen ducklings were received as an Easter gift; Mrs. Coolidge attempted to raise them in a White House bathroom, but eventually sent them to a zoo
Herbert Hoover	Billy Possum – A wild opossum that occupied Rebecca's vacant tree-house and was "adopted" by the Hoovers; temporarily filled in for a local high school's missing mascot.^[110] ^[111] The name likely derives from a nickname used for the 27th president, William Howard Taft.^[112] Caruso – A Roller canary King Tut – Belgian Shepherd^[113] (Malinois variety) Pat – German Shepherd Big Ben and Sonnie – Fox Terriers^[114] Glen – Scotch Collie Yukonan – Canadian Eskimo Dog^[115] Patrick – Irish Wolfhound Eaglehurst Gillette – Setter Weegie – Norwegian Elkhound^[116] Alligators – Owned by his son Allan
Franklin D. Roosevelt	Fala (April 7, 1940 – April 5, 1952) – Scottish Terrier Major – German Shepherd Formerly a police dog from the New York State Police^[117] After a number of White House biting incidents, he was sent to live at Roosevelt's private residence in Hyde Park, New York.^[118] Meggie – Scottish Terrier Winks – Llewellyn Setter Tiny – Old English Sheepdog President – Great Dane Blaze – Bullmastiff
Harry S. Truman	Feller – Cocker Spaniel,^[119] because the Trumans "preferred to be a pet-free family" he was given as a puppy to Truman's personal physician^[120] and claimed to not be a "pet lover" ^[121] Mike – Irish Setter
Dwight D. Eisenhower	Gabby – parakeet^[122] Heidi – Weimaraner^[123] Dzimbo – baby Forest elephant, sent by the French Community of African Republics, sent away to the National zoo^[124]
John F. Kennedy	Gaullie – poodle^[125] Charlie – Welsh Terrier Tom Kitten – cat^[126] Robin – canary Bluebell and Marybelle – parakeets Ducks – JFK's daughter, five-year-old Caroline raised ducklings at the White House.^[127] Ongoing conflicts with their terrier Charlie prompted sending them to Rock Creek Park.^[128] Macaroni – pony^[129] Tex – bay-colored Yakut pony Leprechaun – Connemara pony, a gift from the president of Ireland, Éamon de Valera^[130] Moe – Doberman Pinscher Billie and Debbie – hamsters Pushinka – dog (gift of Soviet Union Premier Nikita Khrushchev, puppy of Soviet space dog Strelka) Shannon – Cocker Spaniel Wolf – Dog, mix of Irish Wolfhound and Schnauzer^[131] Clipper – German Shepherd^[132] Butterfly, White Tips, Blackie, and Streaker – Offspring of Pushinka and Charlie Zsa Zsa – rabbit Sardar – horse^[133] Spotted Salamander – given by Robert F. Kennedy Jr.
Lyndon B. Johnson	Him and Her – beagles^[134] Edgar – beagle^[135] Blanco – white collie Freckles – beagle Yuki – mongrel dog famous for "singing duets" (howling) with Johnson for White House guests^[136] Hamsters Lovebirds^[137] Little Beagle Johnson – had the family initials LBJ^[138]
Richard Nixon	Vicky – poodle^[139] ^[140] Pasha – Yorkshire terrier King Timahoe – Irish Setter^[141] Checkers (1952– September 9, 1964) – Cocker Spaniel A fish
Gerald Ford	Liberty (February 8, 1974 – 1984) – Golden Retriever Lucky – dog Misty – Liberty's puppy, born in the White House Shan – Siamese cat^[142]
Jimmy Carter	Grits – Border collie (mix);^[143] Given to his daughter Amy by her teacher, but quickly returned^[144] after snapping at several White House visitors Lewis Brown – Afghan hound^[145] Misty Malarky Ying Yang, daughter Amy Carter's pet – Siamese cat^[146] Elephant – given to his daughter Amy but it was sent to the National zoo
Ronald Reagan	Lucky (October 4, 1983 – January 5, 1995) – Bouvier des Flandres^[147] ^[148] ^[149] Rex (December 16, 1984 – August 31, 1998) – Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.^[150] Victory – Golden Retriever Peggy – Irish Setter Taca – Siberian Husky Fuzzy – Belgian sheepdog Horses (El Alamein (1971–1998), Nancy D, Baby, Little Man, No Strings and others) at Rancho del Cielo^[151] ^[152] Cleo and Sara – tortoiseshell cats at Rancho del Cielo^[153] Ronald Reagan II – Fish given by a child^[154]
George H. W. Bush	Millie (January 12, 1985 – May 19, 1997) – Springer Spaniel. Ranger (March 17, 1989 – April 10, 1993) – one of Millie's puppies^[155] ^[156]
Bill Clinton	Socks (March 15, 1989 – February 20, 2009) – Cat Buddy (August 7, 1997 – January 2, 2002) – Chocolate Labrador Retriever^[157]
George W. Bush	Spot "Spotty" Fetcher (March 17, 1989 – February 21, 2004) – female English Springer Spaniel named after Scott Fletcher; puppy of Millie; euthanized after suffering a series of strokes. Barney (September 30, 2000 – February 1, 2013) – Scottish Terrier.^[158] Miss Beazley (October 28, 2004 – May 17, 2014) – Scottish Terrier; nicknamed "Beazley Weazley"; 2005 birthday gift from George to his wife. India "Willie" (July 13, 1990 – January 4, 2009) – cat Ofelia – Longhorn cow (lives at Bush's Prairie Chapel Ranch)
Barack Obama	Bo (October 9, 2008 – May 8, 2021) – Portuguese Water Dog. Sunny (born June 11, 2012) – Portuguese Water Dog.^[159] ^[160]
Donald Trump	None^[161]
Joe Biden	Champ^[162] (November 11, 2008 – June 19, 2021) – German Shepherd Major (born January 17, 2018) – German Shepherd rescue. Sent to live with family friends in Delaware by December 2021 after several White House biting incidents. Commander^[163] (born September 1, 2021) – German Shepherd gifted to the Bidens as a puppy by the president's brother, also removed from White House after biting incidents^[164] Willow^[165] – gray tabby cat who was adopted after the cat jumped onstage during a rally in Pennsylvania in 2020. Willow, who Biden described as having "no limits", often sleeps on top of the president's head.^[166]

Key

See also

• Canadian Parliamentary Cats
• Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office, United Kingdom
• Hermitage cats in Saint Petersburg, Russia
• Pets of Vladimir Putin
• Sully, George H. W. Bush's service dog during his final months of life
• Tibs the Great
• Taiwanese presidential pets
• List of individual cats
• List of individual dogs

Further reading

• Truman, Margaret (1969). White House Pets ; eBook (2016)

External links

• White House Pets: Animal Ambassadors – The White House Historical Association
• Presidential Pets Museum – Private museum in Glen Allen, Virginia
• Pets in the White House – White House for Kids (official Clinton archive)
• News: Thomas. Nick. A salute to presidential pets. The Oklahoman. February 19, 2018. en.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Presidential Pet Museum . https://web.archive.org/web/20010410215504/http://www.presidentialpetmuseum.com/whitehousepets-1.htm . dead . April 10, 2001 . Presidential Pet Museum . June 16, 2011 .
2. News: Donald Trump Is Still Against Dogs, No Matter How 'Good Politically' They Look. Park, Andrea. W Magazine. February 12, 2019. September 27, 2020.
3. Web site: Famous and Forgotten, Toledo's Laddie Boy, The First Presidential Pet. https://web.archive.org/web/20120814043256/http://toledogazette.wordpress.com/2012/08/06/famous-and-forgotten-toledos-laddie-boy-the-first-presidential-pet/. dead. August 6, 2012. August 14, 2012.
4. Web site: April 1, 2014. Presidential Pets. October 19, 2021. History. en.
5. Web site: 1944 Radio News, 1944-09-23 FDR Teamsters Union Address – Fala (27:45–30:08) . . July 14, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160313143419/https://archive.org/details/1944RadioNews . March 13, 2016 . live .
6. Web site: Fala, the dog who helped win a presidential election. National Constitution Center. November 17, 2017. en. September 23, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20181012014606/https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/fala-the-dog-who-helped-win-a-presidential-election. October 12, 2018. live.
7. Web site: Anne Emig . K-State Perspective . Presidential pets of the past . K-state.edu . Summer 2004 . June 16, 2011 . dead . https://archive.today/20121212174847/http://www.k-state.edu/media/WEB/News/Webzine/0302/pastpets.html . December 12, 2012 .
8. DVM: The Newsmagazine of Veterinary Medicine; Oct2008, Vol. 39 Issue 10, p22-22, 2/3p
9. Web site: Ethan . Trex . November 6, 2008 . The Bizarre History of White House Pets . . June 16, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110615095820/http://www.mentalfloss.com/blogs/archives/19928 . June 15, 2011 . live .
10. Web site: ghostsofdc . 2012-08-17 . LBJ's Beagle Run Over and Killed in White House Driveway . 2023-01-21 . Ghosts of DC . en-US.
11. News: Buddy, Socks's Nemesis, Is Dead. Archibold, Randal C.. The New York Times. January 4, 2002. September 27, 2020.
12. Web site: Sunny Obama and History's Top 10 Most Poorly Behaved White House Pets. Weiner, Juli. Vanity Fair. December 5, 2013. September 27, 2020.
13. Web site: 5 children's books by US politicians. Dunne, Nora. Christian Science Monitor. November 15, 2010. September 27, 2020.
14. Web site: Presidential Pets. Waslsh, Susan. CBS News. August 4, 2010. September 27, 2020.
15. News: White House Dynasty? It's Just a Matter of Pet-Igree. Orin, Deborah. New York Post. July 1, 1999. September 27, 2020.
16. News: Bushes Mourn Death of Their Dog Spot. Associated Press. February 22, 2004. September 27, 2020. The New York Times.
17. Web site: Bo Obama turns 7! A look inside the first dog's fetching life. D'Abruzzo, Diana. Politico. October 9, 2015. September 28, 2020.
18. Web site: Johanna. Neuman. New first dog: The Obamas choose a Portuguese water dog . Los Angeles Times . February 25, 2009 . January 20, 2015.
19. News: Roig-Franzia, Manuel. The First Puppy Makes a Big Splash. The Washington Post. April 12, 2009. April 26, 2009.
20. Web site: Feldmann. Lindie. New little girl arrives at White House. Meet Sunny Obama. (+video). Christian Science Monitor. August 20, 2013. September 28, 2020.
21. News: Barack Obama releases children's book Of Thee I Sing. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/8138576/Barack-Obama-releases-childrens-book-Of-Thee-I-Sing.html . January 12, 2022 . subscription . live. The Daily Telegraph. Spillius, Alex. November 11, 2010. September 28, 2020.
22. Web site: Mackelden. Amy. Joe Biden's Dogs Major and Champ Will Be the First Presidential Pups in the White House in Four Years. Harper's Bazaar. January 19, 2021. February 16, 2021.
23. Web site: Another Great Thing About Biden's Win: There's Going to Be a Dog in the White House Again!. Sophie Vershbow. November 7, 2020. Vogue. November 7, 2020.
24. Web site: June 19, 2021. Bidens announce death of 'first dog' Champ. June 20, 2021. Reuters.
25. News: Rogers. Kate. Relax, America: Willow, the White House Cat, Has Arrived . . January 28, 2022 . January 28, 2022.
26. Web site: Do You Have a Dog in This Election? Pets Are Presidential. U.S. News & World Report. June 19, 2013. Pamela Redmond Satran. Pamela Redmond Satran. November 5, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20130820133150/http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2012/11/05/do-you-have-a-dog-in-this-election-pets-are-presidential. August 20, 2013. live.
27. Web site: Soldier, Statesman, Dog-Lover: George Washington's Pups. George Washington's Mount Vernon. August 4, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170805015330/http://www.mountvernon.org/george-washington/biography/washington-stories/solider-statesman-dog-lover-george-washingtons-pups/. August 5, 2017. live.
28. Web site: Mary V. Thompson. Donkeys. George Washington's Mount Vernon. Mount Vernon Ladies' Association. February 1, 2018. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180203005657/http://www.mountvernon.org/digital-encyclopedia/article/donkeys/. February 3, 2018. live.
29. Web site: Mary Brigid Barrett. Presidential Menageries: Washington's Mules and Hounds. Our White House. The National Children's Book and Literacy Alliance. August 5, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170430190819/http://ourwhitehouse.org/presidential-menageries/. April 30, 2017. live.
30. Web site: Nelson (Horse). George Washington's Mount Vernon. November 10, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117002852/http://www.mountvernon.org/research-collections/digital-encyclopedia/article/nelson-horse. November 17, 2015. live.
31. Breed unknown
32. Web site: Spring 1999: Presidential Pets. Inside the White House. nara.gov. December 21, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121231081559/http://clinton4.nara.gov/WH/kids/inside/html/Spring99-2.html. December 31, 2012. dead.
33. Species unknown
34. Web site: Wolf. Alissa. First Pets: A History of Critters in the White House. About.com. October 2, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20121113195936/http://petshops.about.com/od/PetBusinessResources/p/First-Pets-In-The-White-House.htm. November 13, 2012. live.
35. Book: Calkhoven, Laurie. George Washington: An American Life. Sterling Publishing Company, Inc. 2007. 9781402735462. Edison, NJ. 91.
36. Web site: White House Pets (1789–1850) – Presidential Pet Museum. en-US. September 10, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160920123411/http://presidentialpetmuseum.com/whitehousepets-4. September 20, 2016. live.
37. Web site: Mockingbirds. Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. January 25, 2018. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180126071004/https://www.monticello.org/site/research-and-collections/mockingbirds. January 26, 2018. live.
38. Web site: Dogs. Thomas Jefferson's Monticello. Thomas Jefferson Foundation. January 25, 2018. en. https://web.archive.org/web/20180126071016/https://www.monticello.org/site/house-and-gardens/dogs. January 26, 2018. live.
39. Name unknown
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147. Web site: Ronald Reagan Presidential Library . Reagan.utexas.edu . June 16, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110621234101/http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/reference/pets.html . June 21, 2011 . live .
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