List of United States Army lieutenant generals from 1990 to 1999 explained

The rank of lieutenant general (or three-star general) is the second-highest rank normally achievable in the United States Army, and the first to have a specified number of appointments set by statute. It ranks above major general (two-star general) and below general (four-star general).

There have been 146 lieutenant generals in the U.S. Army from 1990 to 1999, 28 of whom were promoted to four-star general. All 146 achieved that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army. Lieutenant generals entered the Army via several paths: 67 were commissioned via Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) at a civilian university, 42 via the U.S. Military Academy (USMA), 19 via Officer Candidate School (OCS), 15 via ROTC at a senior military college, two via direct commission (direct), and one via the U.S. Naval Academy (USNA).

List of generals

Entries in the following list of lieutenant generals are indexed by the numerical order in which each officer was promoted to that rank while on active duty, or by an asterisk (*) if the officer did not serve in that rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army or was promoted to four-star rank while on active duty in the U.S. Army. Each entry lists the general's name, date of rank, active-duty positions held while serving at three-star rank, number of years of active-duty service at three-star rank (Yrs), year commissioned and source of commission, number of years in commission when promoted to three-star rank (YC), and other biographical notes.

#! scope="col" style="width: 10em;"
Name	Photo		Position	Yrs	Commission	YC	Notes
1	data-sort-value="otstott"	Charles P. Otstott		27 Jan 1990	Deputy Chairman, NATO Military Committee (DCMC), 1990–1992.	2	1960 (USMA)	30	(1937–)
2	data-sort-value="crysel"	James W. Crysel		27 Feb 1990	Commanding General, Second U.S. Army, 1990–1992.	2	1959 (ROTC)	31	(1937–)
3	data-sort-value="brailsford"	Marvin D. Brailsford		11 Jun 1990	Deputy Commanding General, Materiel Readiness, U.S. Army Materiel Command/U.S. Department of Defense Executive Director for Conventional Ammunition Readiness (DCG-MR AMC/EXD-CAR), 1990–1992.	2	1959 (ROTC)	31	(1939–)
	data-sort-value="reimer"	Dennis J. Reimer		1 Jul 1990	Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations and Plans, Army Staff/Senior Army Representative, U.N. Military Staff Committee (DCSOPS/Sr. Army Rep), 1990–1991.	1	1962 (USMA)	28	(1939–) Promoted to general, 21 Jun 1991.
4	data-sort-value="short"	Alonzo E. Short Jr.		1 Jul 1990	Commanding General, U.S. Army Information Systems Command (CG USAISEC), 1990–1991. Director, Defense Information Systems Agency (DIRDISA), 1991–1994.	4	1962 (ROTC)	28	(1939–)
5	data-sort-value="spigelmire"	Michael F. Spigelmire		1 Jul 1990	Commanding General, U.S. Army Special Operations Command (CG USASOC), 1990–1991. Commanding General, VII Corps, 1991–1992.	2	1960 (ROTC)^[1]	30	(1938–) Deputy Director of Operations, Atlanta Committee for the Olympic Games, 1996.^[2]
6	data-sort-value="thomasbilly"	Billy M. Thomas		9 Jul 1990	Deputy Commanding General, Research, Development and Acquisition, U.S. Army Materiel Command (DCG-R&D AMC), 1990–1992.	2	1962 (ROTC)	28	(1940–2016)^[3]
7	data-sort-value="reno"	William H. Reno		1 Aug 1990	Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, Army Staff (DCSPER), 1990–1992.	2	1961 (USMA)	29	(1936–)
8	data-sort-value="allenteddy"	Teddy G. Allen		1 Sep 1990	Director, Defense Security Assistance Agency (DIRDSAA), 1990–1993.	3	1958 (ROTC)	32	(1936–)
	data-sort-value="maddox"	David M. Maddox		9 Nov 1990	Commanding General, V Corps, 1990–1992.	2	1960 (VMI)	30	(1938–) Promoted to general, 9 Jul 1992.
9	data-sort-value="chelberg"	Robert D. Chelberg		1 Jan 1991	Chief of Staff, U.S. European Command (COFS USEUCOM), 1991–1993.	2	1961 (USMA)	30	(1938–)
10	data-sort-value="pagonis"	William G. Pagonis		7 Feb 1991	Commanding General, 22nd Theater Army Area Command, 1990–1992. Deputy Commanding General, Materiel Readiness, U.S. Army Materiel Command/U.S. Department of Defense Executive Director for Conventional Ammunition Readiness (DCG-MR AMC/EXD-CAR), 1992. Commanding General, 21st Theater Army Area Command, 1992–1993.	2	1964 (ROTC)	27	(1941–)
11	data-sort-value="johnsonjamesjr"	James H. Johnson Jr.		30 May 1991	Commanding General, First U.S. Army (CG FUSA), 1991–1993.	2	1960 (USMA)	31	(1937–2023)
12	data-sort-value="fields"	Harold T. Fields Jr.		5 Jun 1991	Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Pacific Command (DCINCPAC), 1991–1994. Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command (CINCPAC), 1994.	3	1960 (Citadel)	31	(1938–)
13	data-sort-value="starling"	James D. Starling		17 Jun 1991	Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Transportation Command (DCINCTRANS), 1991–1993.	2	1960 (USMA)	31	(1936–2009)^[4]
	data-sort-value="peay"	J. H. Binford Peay III		24 Jun 1991	Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations and Plans, Army Staff/Senior Army Representative, U.N. Military Staff Committee (DCSOPS/Sr. Army Rep), 1991–1993.	2	1962 (VMI)	29	(1940–) Promoted to general, 26 Mar 1993. Superintendent, Virginia Military Institute, 2003–2020.
14	data-sort-value="freitag"	Merle Freitag		1 Jul 1991	Comptroller, U.S. Army, 1991–1994.	3	1962 (ROTC)	29	(1940–)
	data-sort-value="griffith"	Ronald H. Griffith		1 Aug 1991	Inspector General, U.S. Army (IG), 1991–1995.	4	1960 (ROTC)	31	(1936–2018) Promoted to general, 6 Jun 1995.
15	data-sort-value="laposata"	Joseph S. Laposata		1 Aug 1991	Chief of Staff, Allied Forces Southern Europe (COFS AFSOUTH), 1991–1993.	2	1960 (ROTC)	31	(1938–2018)^[5]
16	data-sort-value="taylorhorace"	Horace G. Taylor		1 Aug 1991	Commanding General, III Corps, 1991–1993.	2	1960 (ROTC)	31	(1937–)^[6]
	data-sort-value="downing"	Wayne A. Downing		5 Aug 1991	Commanding General, U.S. Army Special Operations Command (CG USASOC), 1991–1993.	2	1962 (USMA)	29	(1940–2007) Promoted to general, 20 May 1993. Deputy National Security Advisor for Combating Terrorism, 2001–2002.
17	data-sort-value="shoffner"	Wilson A. Shoffner Sr.		16 Aug 1991	Commanding General, U.S. Army Combined Arms Command/Commandant, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College/Deputy Commanding General, Combined Arms, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG CAC/CMDT CGSC/DCG-CA TRADOC), 1991–1993.	2	1961 (ROTC)	30	(1938–2014) Father of Army major general Wilson A. Shoffner Jr.
18	data-sort-value="kind"	Peter A. Kind		21 Aug 1991	Commanding General, U.S. Army Information Systems Command (CG USAISEC), 1991–1992. Director, Information Systems for Command, Control, Communications and Computers (DISC4), 1992–1994.	3	1957 (ROTC)	34	(1939–)
19	data-sort-value="cerjan"	Paul G. Cerjan		1 Oct 1991	Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe and Seventh Army (DCINCUSAREUR), 1991–1992. President, National Defense University (P-NDU), 1992–1994.	3	1960 (USMA)	31	(1938–2011)^[7] Commandant, U.S. Army War College, 1989–1991; President, Regent University, 1998–2000.
20	data-sort-value="malloryglynn"	Glynn C. Mallory Jr.		1 Oct 1991	Commanding General, Sixth U.S. Army, 1991–1995.	4	1961 (USMA)	30	(1939–2020)
21	data-sort-value="owens"	Ira C. Owens		1 Dec 1991	Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Army Staff (DCSINT), 1991–1995.	4	1960 (OCS)	31	(1936–)
22	data-sort-value="jaco"	Neal T. Jaco		1 Dec 1991	Commanding General, Fifth U.S. Army, 1991–1994.	3	1959 (ROTC)	32	(1937–)
23	data-sort-value="cavezza"	Carmen J. Cavezza		1 Dec 1991	Commanding General, I Corps, 1991–1994.	3	1961 (Citadel)	30	(1937–)
24	data-sort-value="wakefield"	Samuel N. Wakefield		9 Jan 1992	Commanding General, U.S. Army Combined Arms Support Command/Deputy Commanding General, Combined Arms Support, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG CASCOM/DCG-CAS TRADOC), 1992–1994.	2	1960 (Citadel)	32	(1938–)
25	data-sort-value="dominy"	Charles E. Dominy		1 Feb 1992	Director, Army Staff (DAS), 1992–1995.	3	1962 (USMA)^[8]	30	(1940–)
26	data-sort-value="granrud"	Jerome H. Granrud		1 Feb 1992	Commanding General, U.S. Army Japan/Commanding General, IX Corps (CG USARJ), 1992–1994.	2	1960 (ROTC)	32	(1937–2020)
27	data-sort-value="carney"	Thomas P. Carney		3 Mar 1992	Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, Army Staff (DCSPER), 1992–1994.	2	1963 (USMA)	29	(1941–2019)
	data-sort-value="mccaffrey"	Barry R. McCaffrey		19 Jun 1992	Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (ACJCS), 1992–1993. Director, Strategic Plans and Policy, Joint Staff, J5/Senior Member, U.S. Delegation to the U.N. Military Staff Committee (Sr. Member MSC), 1993–1994.	2	1964 (USMA)	28	(1942–) Promoted to general, 17 Feb 1994. Director, National Drug Control Policy, 1996–2001. Son of Army major general William J. McCaffrey.
	data-sort-value="crouch"	William W. Crouch		3 Jul 1992	Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army/Chief of Staff, United Nations Command, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command and U.S. Forces Korea (CG EUSA/COFS UNC/CFC/USFK), 1992–1994.	3	1963 (ROTC)	29	(1941–) Promoted to general, 1 Jan 1995.
28	data-sort-value="rutherford"	Jerry R. Rutherford Jr.		3 Jul 1992	Commanding General, V Corps, 1992–1995.	3	1962 (ROTC)	30	(–)
29	data-sort-value="ellisjames"	James R. Ellis		17 Jul 1992	Deputy Commander in Chief, Forces Command/Commanding General, Third U.S. Army/Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Central Command (DCINCFOR/CG TUSA/CG USARCENT), 1992–1993. Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command/Commanding General, Third U.S. Army/Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Central Command (DCG FORSCOM/CG TUSA/CG USARCENT), 1993–1994.	2	1962 (USMA)	30	(1937–)
30	data-sort-value="mallette"	Alfred J. Mallette		22 Jul 1992	Deputy Director General, NATO Integrated Communications and Information Systems Agency (DDGNCISA), 1992–1994.	2	1961 (ROTC)	31	(1938–1994)^[9] Died in office.
31	data-sort-value="ebbesen"	Samuel E. Ebbesen		3 Aug 1992	Commanding General, Second U.S. Army, 1992–1994. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy, 1994–1997.	5	1961 (ROTC)	31	(1938–)
32	data-sort-value="pigaty"	Leo J. Pigaty		13 Aug 1992	Deputy Commanding General, Research, Development and Acquisition, U.S. Army Materiel Command (DCG-R&D AMC), 1992–1994.	2	1961 (ROTC)	31	(1940–)
33	data-sort-value="schroeder"	Daniel R. Schroeder		16 Aug 1992	Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe and Seventh Army (DCINCUSAREUR), 1992–1995.	3	1961 (USNA)	31	(1938–)
34	data-sort-value="lionetti"			24 Aug 1992	Commanding General, U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command (CG USASSDC), 1992–1994.	2	1961 (USMA)	31	(1940–2019)
35	data-sort-value="forster"	William H. Forster Sr.		28 Aug 1992	Military Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research, Development and Acquisition (MD(ASA(RDA)), 1992–1995.	3	1960 (ROTC)	32	(1939–)
36	data-sort-value="williamsarthur"	Arthur E. Williams		1 Sep 1992	U.S. Army Chief of Engineers/Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (CoE/CG USACE), 1992–1996.	4	1960 (ROTC)	32	(1938–)
37	data-sort-value="lanoue"	Alcide M. Lanoue		8 Sep 1992	Surgeon General, U.S. Army (TSG), 1992–1993. Surgeon General, U.S. Army/Commanding General, U.S. Army Medical Command (TSG/CG MEDCOM), 1993–1996.	4	1957 (ROTC)	35	(1934–2021)^[10]
	data-sort-value="tilelli"	John H. Tilelli Jr.		26 Mar 1993	Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations and Plans, Army Staff/Senior Army Representative, U.N. Military Staff Committee (DCSOPS/Sr. Army Rep), 1993–1994.	1	1963 (PMC)	30	(1941–) Promoted to general, 19 Jul 1994.
38	data-sort-value="covault"	Marvin L. Covault		21 May 1993	Chief of Staff, Allied Forces Southern Europe (COFS AFSOUTH), 1993–1995.	2	1962 (ROTC)	31	(1940–)
39	data-sort-value="scottjames"	James T. Scott		1 Jun 1993	Commanding General, U.S. Army Special Operations Command (CG USASOC), 1993–1996.	3	1964 (Texas A&M)	29	(1942–)
	data-sort-value="shelton"	H. Hugh Shelton		7 Jun 1993	Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1993–1994. Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps/Commander, Joint Task Force 120 (CDRJTF-120), 1994–1995. Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1995–1996.	3	1964 (ROTC)	29	(1942–) Promoted to general, 1 Mar 1996. Awarded Congressional Gold Medal, 2002.
40	data-sort-value="keller"	Richard F. Keller		1 Jul 1993	Chief of Staff, U.S. European Command (COFS USEUCOM), 1993–1996.	3	1961 (ROTC)	32	(–)
41	data-sort-value="millerjohn"	John E. Miller		1 Aug 1993	Commanding General, U.S. Army Combined Arms Command/Commandant, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College/Deputy Commanding General, Combined Arms, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG CAC/CMDT CGSC/DCG-CA TRADOC), 1993–1995. Commanding General, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center/Commandant, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College/Deputy Commanding General, Combined Arms, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG USACAC/CMDT CGSC/DCG-CA TRADOC), 1995. Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (DCG TRADOC), 1995–1997.	4	1963 (ROTC)	30	(1941–)
	data-sort-value="hartzog"	William W. Hartzog			Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Atlantic Command (DCINCACOM), 1993–1994.	1	1963 (Citadel)	30	(1941–2020) Promoted to general, 1 Dec 1994.
42	data-sort-value="rhame"	Thomas G. Rhame		1 Sep 1993	Director, Defense Security Assistance Agency (DIRDSAA), 1993–1997.	4	1963 (ROTC)	30	(1941–)
43	data-sort-value="wykle"	Kenneth R. Wykle		1 Oct 1993	Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Transportation Command (DCINCTRANS), 1993–1995.	2	1963 (ROTC)	30	(1941–) Administrator, Federal Highway Administration, 1997–2001.
44	data-sort-value="christman"	Daniel W. Christman		1 Oct 1993	U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), 1993–1994. Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (ACJCS), 1994–1996. Superintendent, U.S. Military Academy, 1996–2001.	8	1965 (USMA)	28	(1943–)
45	data-sort-value=otjen"	John P. Otjen		1 Oct 1993	Commanding General, First U.S. Army (CG FUSA), 1993–1995.	2	1964 (USMA)	29	(1942–)
46	data-sort-value="funk"	Paul E. Funk		1 Nov 1993	Commanding General, III Corps, 1993–1995.	2	1961 (ROTC)	32	(1940–) Father of Army four-star general Paul E. Funk II.
47	data-sort-value="ord"	Robert L. Ord III		19 Nov 1993	Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific (CG USARPAC), 1993–1996.	3	1962 (USMA)	31	(1940–)
48	data-sort-value="o'neill"	Malcolm R. O'Neill		1 Dec 1993	Director, Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (DIRBMDO), 1993–1996.	3	1962 (ROTC)	31	(1940–) U.S. Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology, 2010–2011.
	data-sort-value="wilsonjohnnie"	Johnnie E. Wilson		9 Feb 1994	Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics, Army Staff (DCSLOG), 1994–1996.	2	1967 (OCS)	27	(1944–) Promoted to general, 1 May 1996.
49	data-sort-value="cisneros"	Marc A. Cisneros		1 Mar 1994	Commanding General, Fifth U.S. Army, 1994–1996.	2	1961 (ROTC)	33	(1939–)
	data-sort-value="clarkwesley"	Wesley K. Clark		4 Apr 1994	Director, Strategic Plans and Policy, Joint Staff, J5/Senior Member, U.S. Delegation to the U.N. Military Staff Committee (Sr. Member MSC), 1994–1996.	2	1966 (USMA)	28	(1944–) Promoted to general, 21 Jun 1996. Candidate for Democratic Party nomination for U.S. President, 2004. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2000.
	data-sort-value="coburn"	John G. Coburn		15 Jul 1994	Deputy Commanding General, Research, Development and Acquisition, U.S. Army Materiel Command (DCG-R&D AMC), 1994–1995. Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (DCG AMC), 1995–1996. Deputy Chief of Staff, Logistics, Army Staff (DCSLOG), 1996–1999.	5	1963 (ROTC)	31	(1941–) Promoted to general, 14 May 1999.
50	data-sort-value="arnoldsteven"	Steven L. Arnold		19 Jul 1994	Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command/Commanding General, Third U.S. Army/Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Central Command (DCG FORSCOM/CG TUSA/CG USARCENT), 1994–1997.	3	1962 (USMA)	32	(1940–)
51	data-sort-value="blackwell"	Paul E. Blackwell Sr.		1 Aug 1994	Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations and Plans, Army Staff/Senior Army Representative, U.N. Military Staff Committee (DCSOPS/Sr. Army Rep), 1994–1995. Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations and Plans, Army Staff (DCSOPS), 1995–1996.	2	1965 (ROTC)	29	(1941–)
52	data-sort-value="marsh"	Caryl G. Marsh		1 Aug 1994	Commanding General, I Corps, 1994–1996.	2	1962 (ROTC)	32	(1939–2013)^[11]
	data-sort-value="bramlett"	David A. Bramlett		23 Sep 1994	Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Pacific Command (DCINCPAC), 1994–1996. Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command (CINCPAC), 1995–1996.	2	1964 (USMA)	30	(1941–) Promoted to general, 1 Sep 1996.
53	data-sort-value="stroup"	Theodore G. Stroup Jr.		26 Sep 1994	Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, Army Staff (DCSPER), 1994–1996.	2	1962 (USMA)	32	(1940–)
54	data-sort-value="garner"	Jay M. Garner		26 Sep 1994	Commanding General, U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command (CG USASSDC), 1994–1996. Assistant Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (AVCSA), 1996–1997.	3	1962 (ROTC)	32	(1938–) Director, Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance, Iraq, 2003.
55	data-sort-value="montgomery"	Thomas M. Montgomery		7 Oct 1994	U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), 1994–1997.	3	1963 (ROTC)	31	(1941–)
56	data-sort-value="timmons"	Richard F. Timmons		19 Oct 1994	Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army/Chief of Staff, United Nations Command, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command and U.S. Forces Korea (CG EUSA/COFS UNC/CFC/USFK), 1994–1997.	3	1965 (VMI)	29	(1942–)
57	data-sort-value="baca"	Edward D. Baca		1 Nov 1994	Chief, National Guard Bureau (CNGB), 1994–1998.	4	1962 (OCS)	32	(1938–2020) First Hispanic to be chief of the National Guard Bureau.
58	data-sort-value="guenther"	Otto J. Guenther		1 Jan 1995	Director, Information Systems for Command, Control, Communications and Computers (DISC4), 1995–1997.	2	1963 (ROTC)	32	(1941–2021)^[12]
59	data-sort-value="menoher"	Paul E. Menoher Jr.		10 Feb 1995	Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Army Staff (DCSINT), 1995–1997.	2	1961 (ROTC)	34	(1939–2020)
	data-sort-value="abrams"	John N. Abrams		6 Apr 1995	Commanding General, V Corps, 1995–1997. Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (DCG TRADOC), 1997–1998.	3	1967 (OCS)	28	(1946–2018) Promoted to general, 14 Sep 1998. Son of Army four-star general Creighton Abrams; brother of Army four-star general Robert B. Abrams.
60	data-sort-value="laboa"	Guy A. J. LaBoa		12 May 1995	Commanding General, Second U.S. Army, 1995. Commanding General, First U.S. Army (CG FUSA), 1995–1997.	2	1962 (ROTC)	33	(1939–)
61	data-sort-value="grayrobert"	Robert E. Gray		25 May 1995	Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe and Seventh Army (DCINCUSAREUR), 1995–1997.	2	1966 (OCS)	29	(1941–2011)^[13]
62	data-sort-value="hite"	Ronald V. Hite		26 May 1995	Military Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research, Development and Acquisition (MD(ASA(RDA)), 1995–1996. Military Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research, Development and Acquisition/Director, U.S. Army Acquisition Corps (MD(ASA(RDA)/DIRAAC), 1996–1997.	2	1964 (ROTC)	31	(1943–)
63	data-sort-value="fisher"	George A. Fisher Jr.		9 Jun 1995	Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Forces Command (COFS FORSCOM), 1995–1997. Commanding General, First U.S. Army (CG FUSA), 1997–1999.	4	1964 (USMA)	31	(1942–)
64	data-sort-value="carterwilliamiii"	William G. Carter III		15 Jun 1995	Chief of Staff, Allied Forces Southern Europe (COFS AFSOUTH), 1995–1997.	2	1965 (OCS)	30	(–)
65	data-sort-value="holder"	Leonard D. Holder Jr.		19 Jul 1995	Commanding General, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center/Commandant, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College/Deputy Commanding General, Combined Arms, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG USACAC/CMDT CGSC/DCG-CA TRADOC), 1995–1997.	2	1966 (Texas A&M)	29	(1944–)
66	data-sort-value="dubia"	John A. Dubia		8 Aug 1995	Director, Army Staff (DAS), 1995–1999.	4	1966 (USMA)	29	(1943–)
67	data-sort-value="bates"	Jared L. Bates		8 Aug 1995	Inspector General, U.S. Army (IG), 1995–1997.	2	1964 (ROTC)	31	(1941–) Coordinator of Operations, Office for Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance, 2003.
68	data-sort-value="smithhubert"	Hubert G. Smith		1 Sep 1995	Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Transportation Command (DCINCTRANS), 1995–1997.	2	1962 (ROTC)	33	(1941–)
	data-sort-value="schwartz"	Thomas A. Schwartz		6 Dec 1995	Commanding General, III Corps, 1995–1998.	3	1967 (USMA)	28	(1945–) Promoted to general, 31 Aug 1998.
69	data-sort-value="hughes"	Patrick M. Hughes		12 Feb 1996	Director, Intelligence, Joint Staff, J2, 1994–1996. Director, Defense Intelligence Agency (DIRDIA), 1996–1999.	3	1968 (ROTC)	28	(1942–2024) U.S. Assistant Secretary of Homeland Security for Information Analysis, 2003–2005.
	data-sort-value="keane"	John M. Keane		23 Feb 1996	Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1996–1998. Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Atlantic Command (DCINCACOM), 1998–1999.	3	1966 (ROTC)	30	(1943–) Promoted to general, 22 Jan 1999. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2020.
70	data-sort-value="cusick"	John J. Cusick		22 Apr 1996	Director, Logistics, Joint Staff, J4, 1996–1998.	2	1964 (ROTC)	32	(1942–)
71	data-sort-value="benchoff"	Dennis L. Benchoff		1 Jul 1996	Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (DCG AMC), 1996–1998.	2	1962 (USMA)	34	(1939–)
72	data-sort-value="steele"	William M. Steele		11 Jul 1996	Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific (CG USARPAC), 1996–1998. Commanding General, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center/Commandant, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College/Deputy Commanding General, Combined Arms, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG USACAC/CMDT CGSC/DCG-CA TRADOC), 1998–2001.	5	1967 (Citadel)	29	(1945–)
73	data-sort-value="defrancisco"	Joseph E. DeFrancisco		15 Jul 1996	Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Pacific Command (DCINCPAC), 1996–1998.	2	1965 (USMA)	31	(1942–)
74	data-sort-value="kinzer"	Joseph W. Kinzer		17 Jul 1996	Commanding General, Fifth U.S. Army, 1996–1998.	2	1964 (OCS)	32	(1939–)
	data-sort-value="shinseki"	Eric K. Shinseki		5 Aug 1996	Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations and Plans, Army Staff (DCSOPS), 1996–1997.	1	1965 (USMA)	31	(1942–) Promoted to general, 5 Aug 1997. U.S. Secretary of Veterans Affairs, 2009–2014.
75	data-sort-value="benton"	David L. Benton III		9 Aug 1996	Chief of Staff, U.S. European Command (COFS USEUCOM), 1996–1998.	2	1961 (USMA)	35	(–)
	data-sort-value="schoomaker"	Peter J. Schoomaker		22 Aug 1996	Commanding General, U.S. Army Special Operations Command (CG USASOC), 1996–1997.	1	1969 (ROTC)	27	(1946–) Promoted to general, 4 Oct 1997. Brother of Army lieutenant general Eric Schoomaker.
76	data-sort-value="ballardjoe"	Joe N. Ballard		20 Sep 1996	U.S. Army Chief of Engineers/Commanding General, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (CoE/CG USACE), 1996–2000.	4	1965 (ROTC)	31	(1942–) First African-American to serve as Chief of Engineers.
77	data-sort-value="andersonedward"	Edward G. Anderson III		1 Oct 1996	Commanding General, U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command (CG USASSDC), 1996–1997. Commanding General, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command/U.S. Army Space Command (CG USASMDC/ARSPACE), 1997–1998. Director, Strategic Plans and Policy, Joint Staff, J5/Senior Member, U.S. Delegation to the U.N. Military Staff Committee (Sr. Member MSC), 1998–1999. Director, Strategic Plans and Policy, Joint Staff, J5/Chairman, U.N. Military Staff Committee/Senior Member, U.S. Delegation to the U.N. Military Staff Committee (CMSC/Sr. Member MSC), 1999. Director, Strategic Plans and Policy, Joint Staff, J5/Senior Member, U.S. Delegation to the U.N. Military Staff Committee (Sr. Member MSC), 1999–2000. Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Space Command/Vice Commander, U.S. Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command (DCINCSPACE/VCDRNORAD), 2000–2002. Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Northern Command/Vice Commander, U.S. Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command (DCINCNORTH/VCDRNORAD), 2002. Deputy Commander, U.S. Northern Command/Vice Commander, U.S. Element, North American Aerospace Defense Command (DCDRUSNORTHCOM/VCDRNORAD), 2002–2003.	7	1966 (USMA)	30	(–)
78	data-sort-value="blanck"	Ronald R. Blanck		1 Oct 1996	Surgeon General, U.S. Army/Commanding General, U.S. Army Medical Command (TSG/CG MEDCOM), 1996–2000.	4	1968 (direct)	28	(1941–) President, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 2002–2006.
79	data-sort-value="buchholz"	Douglas D. Buchholz		14 Oct 1996	Director, Command, Control, Communications and Computers, Joint Staff, J6, 1996–1998.	2	1968 (ROTC)	28	(1946–2003)
80	data-sort-value="vollrath"	Frederick E. Vollrath		1 Nov 1996	Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, Army Staff (DCSPER), 1996–1998.	2	1962 (ROTC)	34	(1940–2017) U.S. Assistant Secretary of Defense for Readiness and Force Management, 2012–2014.
81	data-sort-value="crocker"	George A. Crocker		1 Dec 1996	Commanding General, I Corps, 1996–1999.	3	1966 (USMA)	30	(1943–)
	data-sort-value="frankstommy"	Tommy R. Franks		30 May 1997	Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Command/Commanding General, Third U.S. Army/Commanding General, U.S. Army Forces Central Command (DCG FORSCOM/CG TUSA/CG USARCENT), 1997–2000.^[14]	3	1967 (OCS)	30	(1945–) Promoted to general, 6 Jul 2000. Awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom, 2004.
82	data-sort-value="kennedyclaudia"	Claudia J. Kennedy		30 May 1997	Deputy Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Army Staff (DCSINT), 1997–2000.	3	1969 (direct)	28	(1947–) Chair, Defense Department Advisory Committee on Women in the Services, 2010–2011. First woman to achieve the rank of lieutenant general in the Army.
	data-sort-value="meigs"	Montgomery C. Meigs		1 Jun 1997	Commanding General, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center/Commandant, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College/Deputy Commanding General, Combined Arms, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG USACAC/CMDT CGSC/DCG-CA TRADOC), 1997–1998.	1	1967 (USMA)	30	(1945–2021) Promoted to general, 10 Nov 1998. Director, Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization, 2005–2007. Distant cousin of Navy four-star admiral Montgomery M. Taylor and great-great-great grandnephew of Montgomery C. Meigs.
83	data-sort-value="kelley"	David J. Kelley		27 Jun 1997	Director, Defense Information Systems Agency (DIRDISA), 1997–1998. Director, Defense Information Systems Agency/Commander, Joint Task Force-Computer Network Defense (DIRDISA/CDRJTF-CND), 1998–2000.	3	1966 (USMA)	31	(1943–2021)
84	data-sort-value="glisson"	Henry T. Glisson		27 Jun 1997	Director, Defense Logistics Agency (DIRDLA), 1997–2001.	3	1966 (ROTC)	31	(1944–)
	data-sort-value="kern"	Paul J. Kern		1 Jul 1997	Military Deputy to the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Research, Development and Acquisition/Director, U.S. Army Acquisition Corps (MD(ASA(RDA)/DIRAAC), 1997–2001.	4	1967 (USMA)	30	(1945–) Promoted to general, 30 Oct 2001.
85	data-sort-value="heebner"	David K. Heebner		1 Jul 1997	Assistant Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (AVCSA), 1997–1999.	2	1967 (ROTC)	30	(1945–)
86	data-sort-value="chilcoat"	Richard A. Chilcoat		25 Jul 1997	President, National Defense University (P-NDU), 1997–2000.	3	1964 (USMA)	33	(1938–2010) Commandant, U.S. Army War College, 1994–1997; Dean, Bush School of Government and Public Service, 2002–2010.
	data-sort-value="hendrix"	John W. Hendrix		31 Jul 1997	Commanding General, V Corps, 1997–1999.	2	1965 (ROTC)	32	(1942–) Promoted to general, 23 Nov 1999.
87	data-sort-value="campbell"	William H. Campbell		1 Aug 1997	Army Chief Information Officer/G-6/Military Deputy to the Army Acquisition Executive/Director, Information Systems for Command, Control, Communications and Computers (CIO/G-6/MILDEP-AAC/DISC4), 1997–2000.	3	1962 (ROTC)	35	(1940–)
88	data-sort-value="coffey"	Robert S. Coffey		1 Aug 1997	Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Army Europe and Seventh Army (DCINCUSAREUR), 1997–1998. Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Europe and Seventh Army (DCG/COFS USAREUR), 1998–1999.	2	1966 (ROTC)	31	(–)
89	data-sort-value="house"	Randolph W. House		1 Aug 1997	Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army/Chief of Staff, United Nations Command, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command and U.S. Forces Korea (CG EUSA/COFS UNC/CFC/USFK), 1997–1998. Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Pacific Command (DCINCPAC), 1998–2000.	3	1968 (Texas A&M)	29	(–)
90	data-sort-value="davison"	Michael S. Davison Jr.		22 Aug 1997	Director, Defense Security Assistance Agency (DIRDSAA), 1997–1998. Director, Defense Security Cooperation Agency (DIRDSCA), 1998–2000.	3	1964 (USMA)	33	(–) Son of Army four-star general Michael S. Davison; great-aunt married Navy four-star admiral Arthur W. Radford.
91	data-sort-value="thompson"	Roger G. Thompson Jr.		30 Aug 1997	Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Transportation Command (DCINCTRANS), 1997–1999.	2	1966 (USMA)	31	(1942–)
92	data-sort-value="pickler"	John M. Pickler		1 Oct 1997	Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Forces Command (COFS FORSCOM), 1997–1999. Director, Army Staff (DAS), 1999–2001.	4	1965 (USMA)	32	(1943–)
93	data-sort-value="bolt"	William J. Bolt		1 Oct 1997	Deputy Commanding General, Initial Entry Training, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (DCG-IET TRADOC), 1997–1999.	2	1962 (ROTC)	35	(1940–)
94	data-sort-value="burnette"	Thomas N. Burnette Jr.		1 Nov 1997	Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations and Plans, Army Staff (DCSOPS), 1997–1999. Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Joint Forces Command (DCINCJFCOM), 1999–2000.	3	1968 (USMA)	29	(1944–2019)
95	data-sort-value="jordan"	Larry R. Jordan		1 Nov 1997	Inspector General, U.S. Army (IG), 1997–1999.	2	1968 (USMA)	29	(1946–)
96	data-sort-value="nix"	Jack P. Nix Jr.		5 Nov 1997	Chief of Staff, Allied Forces Southern Europe (COFS AFSOUTH), 1997–2000.	3	1969 (ROTC)	28	(1947–)^[15]
97	data-sort-value="mcduffie"	John M. McDuffie		2 Mar 1998	Director, Logistics, Joint Staff, J4, 1998–2001.	3	1970 (OCS)	28	(–)
98	data-sort-value="tangney"	William P. Tangney		3 Mar 1998	Commanding General, U.S. Army Special Operations Command (CG USASOC), 1997–2000. Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Special Operations Command (DCINCSOC), 2000–2002.	4	1967 (Citadel)	31	(1945–)
	data-sort-value="kernan"	William F. Kernan		12 Mar 1998	Commanding General, XVIII Airborne Corps, 1998–2000.	2	1968 (OCS)	30	(1946–) Promoted to general, Jul 2000.
99	data-sort-value="link"	James M. Link		30 Jul 1998	Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Materiel Command (DCG AMC), 1998–2000.	2	1967 (OCS)	31	(1942–2023)^[16]
100	data-sort-value="foley"	Robert F. Foley		30 Jul 1998	Commanding General, Fifth U.S. Army, 1998–2000.	2	1963 (USMA)	35	(1941–) President, Marion Military Institute, 2000–2004. Awarded Medal of Honor, 1968.
	data-sort-value="laporte"	Leon J. LaPorte			Commanding General, III Corps, 1998–2001. Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Forces Command (DCG/COFS FORSCOM), 2001–2002.	4	1968 (ROTC)	30	(1946–) Promoted to general, 1 May 2002.
101	data-sort-value="weisman"	David S. Weisman		25 Sep 1998	U.S. Military Representative, NATO Military Committee (USMILREP), 1998–2001.	3	1967 (OCS)	31	(1946–)
102	data-sort-value="petrosky"	Daniel J. Petrosky		25 Sep 1998	Commanding General, Eighth U.S. Army/Chief of Staff, United Nations Command, ROK/U.S. Combined Forces Command and U.S. Forces Korea (CG EUSA/COFS UNC/CFC/USFK), 1998–2000. Chief of Staff, U.S. European Command (COFS USEUCOM), 2000–2002.	4	1967 (OCS)	31	(1944–)
103	data-sort-value="ohle"	David H. Ohle		27 Sep 1998	Deputy Chief of Staff, Personnel, Army Staff (DCSPER), 1998–2000.	2	1968 (USMA)	30	(1944–)
104	data-sort-value="costello"	John P. Costello			Commanding General, U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command/U.S. Army Space Command (CG USASMDC/ARSPACE), 1998–2001.	3	1969 (Citadel)	29	(1947–2010)
105	data-sort-value="smithedwin"	Edwin P. Smith		1 Oct 1998	Commanding General, U.S. Army Pacific (CG USARPAC), 1998–2002.	4	1967 (USMA)	31	(1945–) Director, Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies, 2005–2011.
106	data-sort-value="adams"	Ronald E. Adams		10 Oct 1998	Deputy Commander/Chief of Staff, Allied Land Forces Central Europe (DCOMLANDCENT), 1998–1999. Commander, Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina (COMSFOR), 1999–2000. Deputy Commanding General, Joint Headquarters Center/Commanding General, U.S. Army NATO (DCG JFHQCENT/CG USANATO), 2000–2002.	4	1965 (ROTC)	33	(1943–)
107	data-sort-value="kingjames"	James C. King		10 Oct 1998	Director, National Imagery and Mapping Agency (DIRNIMA), 1998–2001.	3	1968 (ROTC)	30	(1946–)
108	data-sort-value="dodson"	Michael L. Dodson		10 Oct 1998	Deputy Commander in Chief, U.S. Central Command (DCINCCENT), 1998–2000. Commander, Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina (COMSFOR), 2000–2001. Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Europe and Seventh Army (DCG/COFS USAREUR), 2001–2003.	5	1968 (OCS)	30	(1945–) Member of the Kansas House of Representatives from the 67th District, 2021–present.
109	data-sort-value="rigby"	Randall L. Rigby Jr.		10 Oct 1998	Deputy Commanding General, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (DCG TRADOC), 1998–2000.	2	1968 (ROTC)	30	(1945–)
110	data-sort-value="canavan"	Michael A. Canavan		1 Nov 1998	Chief of Staff, U.S. European Command (COFS USEUCOM), 1998–2001.	3	1967 (OCS)^[17]	31	Associate Administrator for Aviation Safety, 2000–2001. Husband of former diplomat Katherine Canavan.
111	data-sort-value="ackerman"	Michael W. Ackerman		30 Jul 1999	Inspector General, U.S. Army (IG), 1999–2002.	3	1966 (OCS)	33	(–)
112	data-sort-value="magruder"	Lawson W. Magruder III		30 Jul 1999	Deputy Commanding General/Chief of Staff, U.S. Army Forces Command (DCG/COFS FORSCOM), 1999–2001.	2	1969 (ROTC)	30	(1947–)
113	data-sort-value="kerrick"	Donald L. Kerrick		1 Aug 1999	Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (ACJCS), 1999–2000. Deputy National Security Advisor, 2000–2001.	2	1971 (ROTC)	28	(1948–)
114	data-sort-value="riggs"	John M. Riggs		1 Aug 1999	Commanding General, First U.S. Army (CG FUSA), 1999–2001. Director, Objective Force Task Force, 2001–2005.	6	1969 (OCS)	30	(1946–)
	data-sort-value="ellislarry"	Larry R. Ellis		5 Aug 1999	Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations and Plans, Army Staff (DCSOPS), 1999–2001.	2	1969 (ROTC)	30	(1946–) Promoted to general, 19 Nov 2001.
115	data-sort-value="solomon"	Billy K. Solomon		15 Sep 1999	Commanding General, U.S. Army Combined Arms Support Command (CG CASCOM), 1999–2002.	3	1966 (ROTC)	33	(1944–)
	data-sort-value="hill"	James T. Hill			Commanding General, I Corps, 1999–2002.	3	1968 (ROTC)	31	(1946–) Promoted to general, 18 Aug 2002.
116	data-sort-value="browndaniel"	Daniel G. Brown			Deputy Commander in Chief/Chief of Staff, U.S. Transportation Command (DCINCTRANS), 1999–2002.	3	1968 (ROTC)	31	(–)
	data-sort-value="byrnes"	Kevin P. Byrnes		1 Nov 1999	Assistant Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army (AVCSA), 1999–2000. Deputy Chief of Staff, Programs, Army Staff (DCSPROG), 2000–2001. Director, Army Staff (DAS), 2001–2002.	3	1969 (OCS)	30	(1950–) Promoted to general, 7 Nov 2002.
117	data-sort-value="vanalstyne"	John A. Van Alstyne		2 Nov 1999	Deputy Commanding General, Initial Entry Training, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (DCG-IET TRADOC), 1999–2001. Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Military Personnel Policy, 2001–2002.	3	1966 (Texas A&M)	33	(1946–) Commandant of the Corps of Cadets, Texas A&M University, 2002–2010.
118	data-sort-value="riley"	James C. Riley		16 Nov 1999	Commanding General, V Corps, 1999–2001. Commanding General, U.S. Army Combined Arms Center/Commandant, U.S. Army Command and General Staff College/Deputy Commanding General, Combined Arms, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (CG USACAC/CMDT CGSC/DCG-CA TRADOC), 2001–2003.	4	1966 (OCS)	33	(–)

Timeline

1990–1999

ImageSize = width:870 height:auto barincrement:10PlotArea = top:25 bottom:20 right:135 left:20AlignBars = late

DateFormat = yyyyPeriod = from:1990 till:2010TimeAxis = orientation:horizontalScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1990ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:1990

Colors = id:gen value:rgb(1,0,0) legend: Four-star_post id:staff value:rgb(0,1,1) legend: Army_headquarters id:corps value:rgb(0,1,0) legend: Army_forces_(corps) id:forces value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0) legend: Army_forces_(other) id:army value:rgb(0,0,1) legend: Other_Army id:joint value:rgb(0.7,0,1) legend: Joint_(military) id:federal value:rgb(1,0,1) legend: Joint_(other) id:time value:rgb(0.9,0.9,0.9) id:erabar value:rgb(0,0,0) id:category value:rgb(0.9,0.9,1) id:period value:rgb(0.5,0.5,1)

Legend = orientation:vertical position:right

LineData = layer:back width:0.1 color:time at:1990 at:1995 at:2000 at:2005 at:2007

BarData = barset:PM bar:period_1 bar:period_2 bar:end_period bar:start_officers bar:officers

bar:otstott bar:crysel bar:brailsford bar:reimer bar:short bar:spigelmire bar:thomasbilly bar:reno bar:allen bar:maddox bar:chelberg bar:pagonis bar:johnson bar:fields bar:starling bar:peay bar:freitag bar:griffith bar:laposata bar:taylor bar:downing bar:shoffner bar:kind bar:cerjan bar:mallory bar:owens bar:jaco bar:cavezza bar:wakefield bar:dominy bar:granrud bar:carney bar:mccaffrey bar:crouch bar:rutherford bar:ellisjames bar:mallette bar:ebbesen bar:pigaty bar:schroeder bar:lionetti bar:forster bar:williams bar:lanoue bar:tilelli bar:covault bar:scott bar:shelton bar:keller bar:miller bar:hartzog bar:rhame bar:wykle bar:christman bar:otjen bar:funk bar:ord bar:o'neill bar:wilson bar:cisneros bar:clark bar:coburn bar:arnold bar:blackwell bar:marsh bar:bramlett bar:stroup bar:garner bar:montgomery bar:timmons bar:baca bar:guenther bar:menoher bar:abrams bar:laboa bar:gray bar:hite bar:fisher bar:carter bar:holder bar:dubia bar:bates bar:smithhubert bar:schwartz bar:hughes bar:keane bar:cusick bar:benchoff bar:steele bar:defrancisco bar:kinzer bar:shinseki bar:benton bar:schoomaker bar:ballard bar:anderson bar:blanck bar:buchholz bar:vollrath bar:crocker bar:franks bar:kennedy bar:meigs bar:kelley bar:glisson bar:kern bar:heebner bar:chilcoat bar:hendrix bar:campbell bar:coffey bar:house bar:davison bar:thompson bar:pickler bar:bolt bar:burnette bar:jordan bar:nix bar:mcduffie bar:tangney bar:kernan bar:link bar:foley bar:laporte bar:weisman bar:petrosky bar:ohle bar:costello bar:smithedwin bar:adams bar:king bar:dodson bar:rigby bar:canavan bar:ackerman bar:magruder bar:kerrick bar:riggs bar:ellislarry bar:solomon bar:hill bar:brown bar:byrnes bar:van_alstyne bar:riley

bar:end_officers

PlotData= width:6 align:left fontsize:8 shift:(5,-4) anchor:till barset:PM bar:period_1 from:1990 till:1991 color:period text:"Cold War" bar:period_1 from:2001 till:2007 color:period text:"Afghanistan War" bar:period_2 from:1990 till:1991 color:period text:"Gulf War" bar:period_2 from:1994 till:1995 color:period text:"Bosnian War" bar:period_2 from:1998 till:1999 color:period text:"Kosovo War" bar:period_2 from:2003 till:2007 color:period text:"Iraq War" bar:start_officers from:1990 till:2007 color:category

bar:otstott from:1990 till:1992 color:joint text:"Charles P. Otstott" bar:crysel from:1990 till:1992 color:forces text:"James W. Crysel" bar:brailsford from:1990 till:1992 color:army text:"Marvin D. Brailsford" bar:reimer from:1990 till:1991 color:staff bar:reimer from:1991 till:1999 color:gen text:"Dennis J. Reimer" bar:short from:1990 till:1991 color:army bar:short from:1991 till:1994 color:joint text:"Alonzo E. Short Jr." bar:spigelmire from:1990 till:1991 color:army bar:spigelmire from:1991 till:1992 color:corps text:"Michael F. Spigelmire" bar:thomasbilly from:1990 till:1992 color:army text:"Billy M. Thomas" bar:reno from:1990 till:1992 color:staff text:"William H. Reno" bar:allen from:1990 till:1993 color:joint text:"Teddy G. Allen" bar:maddox from:1990 till:1992 color:corps bar:maddox from:1992 till:1995 color:gen text:"David M. Maddox" bar:chelberg from:1991 till:1993 color:joint text:"Robert D. Chelberg" bar:pagonis from:1991 till:1992 color:forces bar:pagonis from:1992 till:1992 color:army bar:pagonis from:1992 till:1993 color:forces text:"William G. Pagonis" bar:johnson from:1991 till:1993 color:forces text:"James H. Johnson Jr." bar:fields from:1991 till:1994 color:joint text:"Harold T. Fields Jr." bar:starling from:1991 till:1993 color:joint text:"James D. Starling" bar:peay from:1991 till:1993 color:staff bar:peay from:1993 till:1997 color:gen text:"J. H. Binford Peay III" bar:freitag from:1991 till:1994 color:army text:"Merle Freitag" bar:griffith from:1991 till:1995 color:army bar:griffith from:1995 till:1997 color:gen text:"Ronald H. Griffith" bar:laposata from:1991 till:1993 color:joint text:"Joseph S. Laposata" bar:taylor from:1991 till:1993 color:corps text:"Horace G. Taylor" bar:downing from:1991 till:1993 color:army bar:downing from:1993 till:1996 color:gen text:"Wayne A. Downing" bar:shoffner from:1991 till:1993 color:army text:"Wilson A. Shoffner Sr." bar:kind from:1991 till:1994 color:army text:"Peter A. Kind" bar:cerjan from:1991 till:1994 color:joint text:"Paul G. Cerjan" bar:mallory from:1991 till:1995 color:forces text:"Glynn C. Mallory Jr." bar:owens from:1991 till:1995 color:staff text:"Ira C. Owens" bar:jaco from:1991 till:1994 color:forces text:"Neal T. Jaco" bar:cavezza from:1991 till:1994 color:corps text:"Carmen J. Cavezza" bar:wakefield from:1992 till:1994 color:army text:"Samuel N. Wakefield" bar:dominy from:1992 till:1995 color:staff text:"Charles E. Dominy" bar:granrud from:1992 till:1994 color:army text:"Jerome H. Granrud" bar:carney from:1992 till:1994 color:staff text:"Thomas P. Carney" bar:mccaffrey from:1992 till:1994 color:joint bar:mccaffrey from:1994 till:1996 color:gen text:"Barry R. McCaffrey" bar:crouch from:1992 till:1994 color:forces bar:crouch from:1994 till:1998 color:gen text:"William W. Crouch" bar:rutherford from:1992 till:1995 color:corps text:"Jerry R. Rutherford Jr." bar:ellisjames from:1992 till:1994 color:army text:"James R. Ellis" bar:mallette from:1992 till:1994 color:joint text:"Alfred J. Mallette" bar:ebbesen from:1992 till:1994 color:forces bar:ebbesen from:1994 till:1997 color:joint text:"Samuel E. Ebbesen" bar:pigaty from:1992 till:1994 color:army text:"Leo J. Pigaty" bar:schroeder from:1992 till:1995 color:army text:"Daniel R. Schroeder" bar:lionetti from:1992 till:1994 color:army text:"Donald M. Lionetti" bar:forster from:1992 till:1995 color:army text:"William H. Forster Sr." bar:williams from:1992 till:1996 color:army text:"Arthur E. Williams" bar:lanoue from:1992 till:1996 color:army text:"Alcide M. Lanoue" bar:tilelli from:1993 till:1994 color:joint bar:tilelli from:1994 till:1999 color:gen text:"John H. Tilelli Jr." bar:covault from:1993 till:1995 color:joint text:"Marvin L. Covault" bar:scott from:1993 till:1996 color:army text:"James T. Scott" bar:shelton from:1993 till:1996 color:corps bar:shelton from:1996 till:2001 color:gen text:"H. Hugh Shelton" bar:keller from:1993 till:1996 color:joint text:"Richard F. Keller" bar:miller from:1993 till:1997 color:army text:"John E. Miller" bar:hartzog from:1993 till:1994 color:joint bar:hartzog from:1994 till:1998 color:gen text:"William W. Hartzog" bar:rhame from:1993 till:1997 color:joint text:"Thomas G. Rhame" bar:wykle from:1993 till:1995 color:joint text:"Kenneth R. Wykle" bar:christman from:1993 till:1996 color:joint bar:christman from:1996 till:2001 color:army text:"Daniel W. Christman" bar:otjen from:1993 till:1995 color:forces text:"John P. Otjen" bar:funk from:1993 till:1995 color:corps text:"Paul E. Funk" bar:ord from:1993 till:1996 color:army text:"Robert L. Ord III" bar:o'neill from:1993 till:1996 color:joint text:"Malcolm R. O'Neill" bar:wilson from:1994 till:1996 color:staff bar:wilson from:1996 till:1999 color:gen text:"Johnnie E. Wilson" bar:cisneros from:1994 till:1996 color:forces text:"Marc A. Cisneros" bar:clark from:1994 till:1996 color:joint bar:clark from:1996 till:2000 color:gen text:"Wesley K. Clark" bar:coburn from:1994 till:1996 color:army bar:coburn from:1996 till:1999 color:staff bar:coburn from:1999 till:2001 color:gen text:"John G. Coburn" bar:arnold from:1994 till:1997 color:army text:"Steven L. Arnold" bar:blackwell from:1994 till:1996 color:staff text:"Paul E. Blackwell Sr." bar:marsh from:1994 till:1996 color:corps text:"Caryl G. Marsh" bar:bramlett from:1994 till:1996 color:joint bar:bramlett from:1996 till:1998 color:gen text:"David A. Bramlett" bar:stroup from:1994 till:1996 color:staff text:"Theodore G. Stroup Jr." bar:garner from:1994 till:1996 color:army bar:garner from:1996 till:1997 color:staff text:"Jay M. Garner" bar:montgomery from:1994 till:1997 color:joint text:"Thomas M. Montgomery" bar:timmons from:1994 till:1997 color:forces text:"Richard F. Timmons" bar:baca from:1994 till:1998 color:joint text:"Edward D. Baca" bar:guenther from:1995 till:1997 color:army text:"Otto J. Guenther" bar:menoher from:1995 till:1997 color:staff text:"Paul E. Menoher Jr." bar:abrams from:1995 till:1997 color:corps bar:abrams from:1997 till:1998 color:army bar:abrams from:1998 till:2002 color:gen text:"John N. Abrams" bar:laboa from:1995 till:1997 color:forces text:"Guy A. J. LaBoa" bar:gray from:1995 till:1997 color:army text:"Robert E. Gray" bar:hite from:1995 till:1997 color:army text:"Ronald V. Hite" bar:fisher from:1995 till:1997 color:army bar:fisher from:1997 till:1999 color:forces text:"George A. Fisher Jr." bar:carter from:1995 till:1997 color:joint text:"William G. Carter III" bar:holder from:1995 till:1997 color:army text:"Leonard D. Holder Jr." bar:dubia from:1995 till:1999 color:staff text:"John A. Dubia" bar:bates from:1995 till:1997 color:army text:"Jared L. Bates" bar:smithhubert from:1995 till:1997 color:joint text:"Hubert G. Smith" bar:schwartz from:1995 till:1998 color:corps bar:schwartz from:1998 till:2002 color:gen text:"Thomas A. Schwartz" bar:hughes from:1996 till:1999 color:joint text:"Patrick M. Hughes" bar:keane from:1996 till:1998 color:corps bar:keane from:1998 till:1999 color:joint bar:keane from:1999 till:2003 color:gen text:"John M. Keane" bar:cusick from:1996 till:1998 color:joint text:"John J. Cusick" bar:benchoff from:1996 till:1998 color:army text:"Dennis L. Benchoff" bar:steele from:1996 till:2001 color:army text:"William M. Steele" bar:defrancisco from:1996 till:1998 color:joint text:"Joseph E. DeFrancisco" bar:kinzer from:1996 till:1998 color:forces text:"Joseph W. Kinzer" bar:shinseki from:1996 till:1997 color:staff bar:shinseki from:1997 till:2003 color:gen text:"Eric K. Shinseki" bar:benton from:1996 till:1998 color:joint text:"David L. Benton III" bar:schoomaker from:1996 till:1997 color:army bar:schoomaker from:1997 till:2000 color:gen bar:schoomaker from:2003 till:2007 color:gen text:"Peter J. Schoomaker" bar:ballard from:1996 till:2000 color:army text:"Joe N. Ballard" bar:anderson from:1996 till:1998 color:army bar:anderson from:1998 till:2003 color:joint text:"Edward G. Anderson III" bar:blanck from:1996 till:2000 color:army text:"Ronald R. Blanck" bar:buchholz from:1996 till:1998 color:staff text:"Douglas D. Buchholz" bar:vollrath from:1996 till:1998 color:staff text:"Frederick E. Vollrath" bar:crocker from:1996 till:1999 color:corps text:"George A. Crocker" bar:franks from:1997 till:2000 color:army bar:franks from:2000 till:2003 color:gen text:"Tommy R. Franks" bar:kennedy from:1997 till:2000 color:staff text:"Claudia J. Kennedy" bar:meigs from:1997 till:1998 color:army bar:meigs from:1998 till:2002 color:gen text:"Montgomery C. Meigs" bar:kelley from:1997 till:2000 color:joint text:"David J. Kelley" bar:glisson from:1997 till:2001 color:joint text:"Henry T. Glisson" bar:kern from:1997 till:2001 color:army bar:kern from:2001 till:2004 color:gen text:"Paul J. Kern" bar:heebner from:1997 till:1999 color:staff text:"David K. Heebner" bar:chilcoat from:1997 till:2000 color:joint text:"Richard A. Chilcoat" bar:hendrix from:1997 till:1999 color:corps bar:hendrix from:1999 till:2001 color:gen text:"John W. Hendrix" bar:campbell from:1997 till:2000 color:staff text:"William H. Campbell" bar:coffey from:1997 till:1999 color:army text:"Robert S. Coffey" bar:house from:1997 till:1998 color:forces bar:house from:1998 till:2000 color:joint text:"Randolph W. House" bar:davison from:1997 till:2000 color:joint text:"Michael S. Davison Jr." bar:thompson from:1997 till:1999 color:joint text:"Roger G. Thompson Jr." bar:pickler from:1997 till:1999 color:army bar:pickler from:1999 till:2001 color:staff text:"John M. Pickler" bar:bolt from:1997 till:1999 color:army text:"William J. Bolt" bar:burnette from:1997 till:1999 color:staff bar:burnette from:1999 till:2000 color:joint text:"Thomas N. Burnette Jr." bar:jordan from:1997 till:1999 color:army text:"Larry R. Jordan" bar:nix from:1997 till:2000 color:joint text:"Jack P. Nix Jr." bar:mcduffie from:1998 till:2001 color:joint text:"John M. McDuffie" bar:tangney from:1998 till:2000 color:army bar:tangney from:2000 till:2002 color:joint text:"William P. Tangney" bar:kernan from:1998 till:2000 color:corps bar:kernan from:2000 till:2002 color:gen text:"William F. Kernan" bar:link from:1998 till:2000 color:army text:"James M. Link" bar:foley from:1998 till:2000 color:forces text:"Robert F. Foley" bar:laporte from:1998 till:2001 color:corps bar:laporte from:2001 till:2002 color:army bar:laporte from:2002 till:2006 color:gen text:"Leon J. LaPorte" bar:weisman from:1998 till:2001 color:joint text:"David S. Weisman" bar:petrosky from:1998 till:2000 color:forces bar:petrosky from:2000 till:2002 color:joint text:"Daniel J. Petrosky" bar:ohle from:1998 till:2000 color:staff text:"David H. Ohle" bar:costello from:1998 till:2001 color:army text:"John P. Costello" bar:smithedwin from:1998 till:2002 color:army text:"Edwin P. Smith" bar:adams from:1998 till:2002 color:joint text:"Ronald E. Adams" bar:king from:1998 till:2001 color:joint text:"James C. King" bar:dodson from:1998 till:2001 color:joint bar:dodson from:2001 till:2003 color:forces text:"Michael L. Dodson" bar:rigby from:1998 till:2000 color:army text:"Randall L. Rigby Jr." bar:canavan from:1998 till:2001 color:joint text:"Michael A. Canavan" bar:ackerman from:1999 till:2002 color:army text:"Michael W. Ackerman" bar:magruder from:1999 till:2001 color:army text:"Lawson W. Magruder III" bar:kerrick from:1999 till:2000 color:joint bar:kerrick from:2000 till:2001 color:federal text:"Donald L. Kerrick" bar:riggs from:1999 till:2001 color:forces bar:riggs from:2001 till:2005 color:joint text:"John M. Riggs" bar:ellislarry from:1999 till:2001 color:staff bar:ellislarry from:2001 till:2004 color:gen text:"Larry R. Ellis" bar:solomon from:1999 till:2002 color:army text:"Billy K. Solomon" bar:hill from:1999 till:2002 color:corps bar:hill from:2002 till:2004 color:gen text:"James T. Hill" bar:brown from:1999 till:2002 color:joint text:"Daniel G. Brown" bar:byrnes from:1999 till:2002 color:staff bar:byrnes from:2002 till:2005 color:gen text:"Kevin P. Byrnes" bar:van_alstyne from:1999 till:2001 color:army bar:van_alstyne from:2001 till:2002 color:joint text:"John A. Van Alstyne" bar:riley from:1999 till:2001 color:corps bar:riley from:2001 till:2003 color:army text:"James C. Riley"

Background

Position changes, elevations and reductions

Several new joint duty positions were created or elevated to three-star grade in response to American involvement in regional conflicts, namely the Gulf War and the Bosnian War.

The commanding general of the 22nd Theater Army Area Command, a major general's billet in command of the primary logistics and combat support component of American forces in the Gulf War, was elevated to a lieutenant general's billet to achieve parity with equivalently-ranked commanders in the region.^[18] Major General William G. Pagonis was consequently promoted to lieutenant general in February 1991.^[19]
The commander of the NATO Stabilisation Force, a position initially held by the commanding general of U.S. Army Europe, became a separate position in October 1999, with Lieutenant General Ronald E. Adams assuming command from General Montgomery C. Meigs. The arrangement remained in place until 2003.^[20]
Additionally, the deputy commander in chief of Forces Command, later deputy commanding general of U.S. Army Forces Command was dual-hatted as the commanding general of Third Army until 2000; the roles were split thereafter while Third Army transitioned into full service component command status as U.S. Army Central.

One joint duty position was downgraded from four-star to three-star grade between 1990 and 2000.

The United States military representative to the NATO Military Committee, a four-star position since 1953 became a three-star position in October 1993 to establish equilibrium with the director of strategic plans and policy of the Joint Staff, dual-hatted as the senior military representative of the American delegation to the United Nations Military Staff Committee. Major General Daniel W. Christman was subsequently promoted to lieutenant general and assumed the position from Admiral William D. Smith.^[21]

Two three-star positions on the Army Staff underwent changes between 1990 and 2000.

The deputy chief of staff for operations was divested of responsibilities as the senior Army representative to the NATO Military Committee in 1995, with Lieutenant General Paul E. Blackwell being the last officeholder to hold said position.
An assistant vice chief of staff of the Army existed from 1996 to 2000 to perform program management and budgeting functions not statutorily exercised by the assistant secretary of the Army for financial management and comptroller.

Two Army commands, one Army service component command, two field armies and one corps with accompanying three-star positions were merged or inactivated between 1990 and 2000, primarily due to post-Cold War force reductions.

U.S. Army Strategic Defense Command (USSDC) merged with U.S. Army Space Command to become U.S. Army Space and Strategic Defense Command (USASSDC) in 1992 under General Order 12,^[22] with Lieutenant General Donald M. Lionetti assuming command. This arrangement lasted until 1997, when the two commands were again separated into U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command (USASMDC) and U.S. Army Space Command (ARSPACE) under Lieutenant General Edward G. Anderson III.

U.S. Army Information Systems Command (USAISC) was downgraded to a two-star command in 1992, being renamed U.S. Army Signal Command (USASC). USASC was subordinated to U.S. Army Forces Command in 1996 due to concerns of overcentralization of authority over communications of theater commands. Lieutenant General Peter A. Kind was the last lieutenant general to command USAISC.
U.S. Army Japan (USARJ), which had stabilized as a three-star billet in 1972, was downgraded to a two-star command in 1994 with its commanding general, Lieutenant General Jerome H. Granrud (dual-hatted as commander of IX Corps) transferring command to Major General Waldo D. Freeman on September 8, 1994.^[23]
Sixth Army and Second Army were disestablished in June and July 1995 respectively, and the commanding generals of both field armies faced reassignment. Lieutenant General Guy A. J. LaBoa of Second Army was reassigned as the commanding general of the First United States Army, whereas Lieutenant General Glynn C. Mallory Jr. of Sixth Army retired instead.
Additionally, U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command introduced a new three-star position, the deputy commanding general for initial entry training, responsible for overseeing initial recruit training and development. The position would exist until 2011, when its responsibilities were transferred to the commanding general of U.S. Army Center for Initial Military Training.

Senate confirmations

Military nominations are considered by the Senate Armed Services Committee. While it is rare for three-star or four-star nominations to face even token opposition in the Senate, nominations that do face opposition due to controversy surrounding the nominee in question are typically withdrawn. Nominations that are not withdrawn are allowed to expire without action at the end of the legislative session.

Major General Raphael J. Hallada was withdrawn from consideration to become commanding general of Fifth Army in 1991,^[24] ^[25] relating to a decision he made not to prosecute the two soldiers responsible for an artillery accident at his command of Fort Sill.^[26] ^[27]

Legislative history

The following list of Congressional legislation includes all acts of Congress pertaining to appointments to the grade of lieutenant general in the United States Army from 1990 to 1999.

Each entry lists an act of Congress, its citation in the United States Statutes at Large, and a summary of the act's relevance, with officers affected by the act bracketed where applicable. Positions listed without reference to rank are assumed to be eligible for officers of three-star grade or higher.

Legislation! scope="col" width = 120
Citation	Summary
Act of December 5, 1991[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993]		Reduced period between day of relief from final assignment and day before retirement in which an officer may hold temporary three-star or four-star grade from 90 days to 60 days. Prevented officers whose retired grade is lower than their highest active duty grade from being directly appointed to grade above major general or rear admiral if recalled to active duty. Authorized officers with a retired grade below lieutenant general or vice admiral to be retired at said grade if recalled to active duty, provided that they, with certification from their service secretary, served in said grade satisfactorily for at least six months during the recall period.
Act of October 5, 1994[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1995]		Assigned statutory rank of lieutenant general to the chief of the National Guard Bureau (Edward D. Baca).
Act of February 10, 1996[National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1996]		Removed eligibility of officers above grade of major general or rear admiral to apply for voluntary retirement on the same time-in-grade requirements as officers below said grade. Specified that an officer who serves or has served in three-star or four-star grade may only be retired at such grade, subject to other time-in-grade requirements, after the secretary of defense certifies in writing to the President and Congress that they served on active duty satisfactorily at such grade. Specified that officers who served or have served in three-star or four-star grade and subject to certification may not receive any reduction or waiver of time-in-grade requirements if under investigation for alleged misconduct or face disciplinary action for misconduct.

References

Notes

Notes and References

Web site: US Army Lieutenant General Michael F. Spigelmire Uniform. November 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211104072206/https://picclick.com/US-Army-Lieutenant-General-Michael-F-Spigelmire-Uniform-303086852949.html. November 4, 2021. PicClick.
Book: Howitt. Arnold. Leonard. Herman. Giles. David. Managing Crises: Responses to Large-Scale Emergencies. 2009. June 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220614130842/https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=9aA5DQAAQBAJ&pg=PA469&lpg=PA469&dq=michael+spigelmire+olympics&source=bl&ots=cUMJKu_sQ8&sig=ACfU3U0XAt9NLwR12RkIkDPqgEQRY-3ASA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9zu_V_6z4AhWuSGwGHW8hCmkQ6AF6BAgYEAM#v=onepage&q=michael%20spigelmire%20olympics&f=false. June 14, 2022. CQ Press. Washington, D. C.. 9780872895706 .
Web site: Obituary of Lieutenant General Billy Marshal Thomas. December 3, 2021. obits.gazette.com.
Web site: JAMES D. STARLING, 1960. October 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211027071337/https://www.westpointaog.org/memorial-article?id=a88f1d8b-fc28-4c89-a60a-0896c5d8d9ee. October 27, 2021. West Point Association of Graduates.
Web site: Obituary for Lieutenant General Joseph S. Laposata, U.S. Army (Ret). October 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211028212304/https://www.beckman-williamson.com/obituary/LieutenantGeneralJoseph-LaposataUSArmyRet. October 28, 2021. Beckman-Williamson Funeral Homes and Crematory.
Web site: U.S. Army Register, Volume 1. 1969. November 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20220614121810/https://books.google.com/books?id=I9E8rs4ScoIC&dq=horace+g.+taylor+us+army+birth+date&pg=PA405. June 14, 2022. U.S. Department of the Army. Google Books.
Web site: Obituary of Lieutenant General (ret.) Paul G. Cerjan, U.S. Army. December 5, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211205033607/https://nunnandharper.com/tribute/details/789/General-US-RET-LT/obituary.html. December 5, 2021. Nunn and Harper Funeral Home Inc..
Web site: Army Executive Biographies. 1985. October 27, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210721173159/https://books.google.com/books?id=zqRPfg2-KCEC&pg=PA577. July 21, 2021. Google Books.
News: Obituary of LTG Alfred J. Mallette, retired Army officer. August 20, 1994. June 14, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20211207060503/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25213553/ltg-alfred-mallette-obit/. December 7, 2021. newspapers.com.
Web site: Obituary: LTG Alcide "Cid" M LaNoue (RET) 38th Surgeon General, U.S. Army. August 30, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211207042146/https://www.dignitymemorial.com/obituaries/tampa-fl/alcide-lanoue-10065341. December 7, 2021. Blount & Curry Funeral Home. Tampa, Florida. Dignity Memorial.
Web site: Obituary of LTG Caryl Glenn Marsh. October 19, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221019033052/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/forsythnews/name/caryl-marsh-obituary?id=10008719. October 19, 2022. Legacy.
Web site: Lee. Edward. Otto J. Guenther, a retired U.S. Army lieutenant general who chaired McDaniel College's board of trustees, dies. October 24, 2021. December 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211207065633/https://www.baltimoresun.com/obituaries/bs-md-ob-otto-guenther-20211024-q2uorkattjan7lx2mocwayjbka-story.html. December 7, 2021. Baltimore, Maryland. Baltimore Sun.
Web site: Wisniewska. Zuzanna. Robert Earl Gray (1941-2011). December 7, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211207065644/https://www.blackpast.org/african-american-history/gray-robert-earl-1941-2011/. December 7, 2021. Blackpast.org. 5 March 2018 .
Web site: Lieutenant General Tommy R. Franks. October 25, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/19990429172622/http://www.arcent.army.mil/pages/franks.HTM. April 29, 1999. U.S. Army Central.
Web site: LIEUTENANT GENERAL JACK P. NIX Jr., U.S. ARMY. December 12, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/19990224071612/http://www.afsouth.nato.int/biographies/COS.htm. February 24, 1999. Allied Forces Southern Europe.
Web site: Obituary of LTG James Michael Link, US Army (Ret.). 2023-03-22. Laughlin Service Funeral Home and Cemetery.
Web site: Major General Michael A. Canavan. December 9, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211209053750/https://ocsalumni.org/at_biz_dir/michael-a-canavan/. December 9, 2021. OCS Alumni.
Book: Powell. Colin L.. Persico. Joseph E.. February 18, 2003. My American Journey. en-US. Ballantine Books. 1208–1209. 978-0345466419.
Web site: PN91 — Maj. Gen. William G. Pagonis — Army, 102nd Congress (1991-1992). December 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211217151616/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/102nd-congress/91. December 17, 2021. U.S. Congress.
Web site: Krstanovic. Danilo. The outgoing commander of the NATO-led peacekeeping force in Bosnia U.S. General William E. Ward (R) shakes hands with new SFOR commander U.S. Air Force Major General Virgil Packett (L) during a ceremony in SFOR headquarters in camp Butmir outside Sarajevo October 2, 2003. General Packett replaced General Ward as the commander of the 12,000 strong multinational peacekeeping force in Bosnia.. October 2, 2003. October 18, 2022. Reuters. Alamy. 18 October 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221018012940/https://www.alamy.com/the-outgoing-commander-of-the-nato-led-peacekeeping-force-in-bosnia-us-general-william-e-ward-r-shakes-hands-with-new-sfor-commander-us-air-force-major-general-virgil-packett-l-during-a-ceremony-in-sfor-headquarters-in-camp-butmir-outside-sarajevo-october-2-2003-general-packett-replaced-general-ward-as-the-commander-of-the-12000-strong-multinational-peacekeeping-force-in-bosnia-reutersdanilo-krstanovic-ds-image381274140.html. dead.
Web site: PN498 — Maj. Gen. Daniel W. Christman — Army, 103rd Congress (1993-1994). December 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211217150117/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/103rd-congress/498. December 17, 2021. U.S. Congress.
Web site: Seize the High Ground (Chapter 5: New Ideas about Space and Missile Defense After the War, 1991-1997). 168. December 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20220320084356/https://www.smdc.army.mil/Portals/38/Documents/Publications/History/Cmd%20History%20Book/Chap%205.pdf. March 20, 2022. U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command.
Web site: Past U.S. Army Japan Commanding Generals. December 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20220927041021/https://www.usarj.army.mil/about/formercg/. September 27, 2022. U.S. Army Japan.
Web site: General Surprises Fort Sill Crowd With Retirement. July 20, 1991. August 1, 2022. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20210816170902/https://www.oklahoman.com/article/2363370/general-surprises-fort-sill-crowd-with-retirement. August 16, 2021. Associated Press. Fort Sill, Oklahoma. The Oklahoman.
Web site: PN239 – Maj. Gen. Raphael J. Hallada – Army, 102nd Congress (1991–1992). September 25, 1991. August 17, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530042647/https://www.congress.gov/nomination/102nd-congress/239?s=1&r=43. May 30, 2022. U.S. Congress.
Web site: Soldiers Charged in Artillery Accident That Killed Three. October 21, 1989. August 3, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530220631/https://apnews.com/article/7226a9df120562fd2cfe89e92e80dba1. May 30, 2022. Associated Press. Fort Sill, Oklahoma. AP News.
Web site: Trial ruled out in Fort Sill deaths. December 30, 1989. August 1, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220530212949/https://tulsaworld.com/archive/trial-ruled-out-in-fort-sill-deaths/article_ace409d6-0985-5d8b-9f53-fc4c6f586ff6.html. May 30, 2022. Associated Press. Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Tulsa World.