List of police firearms in the United Kingdom explained
Most British police officers (except in Northern Ireland) are not routinely armed.[1] Instead, they rely on specially trained Authorised Firearms Officers (AFO) to attend incidents where firearms are necessary. Specialist Firearms Officers are usually trained to a higher standard than AFOs, because they are likely to be required to enter besieged premises. The vast majority of firearms used by British police are semi-automatic. Police use of force regarding firearms was governed by the Association of Chief Police Officers (ACPO, dissolved 2015).
Weapons used by Home Office police forces
Firearms used by police officers vary between police forces in the UK. The Chief Constable and Police Authority of each force decides the number of firearms officers and type of police firearms available. In 2010, 5.56 mm calibre carbines were widely introduced in case of an attack similar to the 2008 Mumbai attacks.[2] [3]
Firearms issued to Authorised Firearms Officers include:
Pistols
Submachine guns
- Heckler & Koch MP5 (used by various forces, including the Metropolitan Police since 1977,[18] [7] [19] Thames Valley Police,[20] Greater Manchester Police,[21] Cheshire Police and North Wales Police Alliance Armed Policing Unit, Sussex Police,[22] Surrey Police[23] and West Midlands Police;[24] includes fixed stock A2, retractable stock A3, and compact MP5K variants,[7] with the Metropolitan Police also having access to suppressed versions.[25] While normally issued in semi-automatic MP5SF form, select-fire versions are available.[19]).
- Heckler & Koch MP7
Rifles
- Heckler & Koch G36 variants (used by multiple forces including the Metropolitan Police,[7] City of London Police,[26] [27] Police Scotland,[28] [29] North Yorkshire Police,[30] West Yorkshire Police,[31] Cleveland Police,[32] Dyfed–Powys Police,[33] Bedfordshire Police,[34] Kent Police,[35] Northumbria Police,[36] [37] South Wales Police,[38] Northamptonshire Police,[39] [40] [41] Surrey Police,[42] Cheshire Police and North Wales Police Alliance Armed Policing Unit,[43] Essex Police,[44] [45] [17] Lancashire Constabulary,[26] Norfolk Constabulary,[46] [47] Gloucestershire Constabulary,[48] Merseyside Police,[49] and Greater Manchester Police[50] [26] [51]).
- LMT Defender (used by Hampshire and Thames Valley Police Armed Response[52] [53] [54])
- LMT LM7 (used by Northumbria Police)[55]
- Heckler & Koch G3 G3-SG1 and PSG-1 variant (used for sniping roles), G3K variant used by Metropolitan Police.[56] [7]
- HK53 (used by Cumbria Constabulary)[57] [58]
- SIG SG 550 (551 variant) (used by West Mercia Police).[59] (552 variant) (previously used by Derbyshire Constabulary)[60] and (553 variant) (used by West Yorkshire Police[61] and Staffordshire Police).[62]
- SIG Sauer SIG516 (increasingly being used by police around the UK including WMP).[63] [64] [7] [65] [66]
- SIG Sauer SIG716 (7.62x51mm version of SIG516, issued to firearms officers of the Metropolitan Police).[7]
- HK416 (Used by West Mercia Police[67] and Cumbria Constabulary[68] [69])
- SIG Sauer MCX (used by various forces' Counter Terrorist Specialist Firearms Officers (CTSFOs), Specialist Firearms Officers (SFOs) and Authorised Firearms Officers (AFOs) including the Metropolitan Police,[7] Derbyshire Constabulary, West Yorkshire Police, West Midlands Police,[70] Police Scotland, Northumbria Police,[12] [71] [72] and Lancashire Constabulary.[73])
- SIG MCX Rattler (issued to firearms officers of the Metropolitan Police).[7]
- HK417 Marksman Rifle (used by Surrey Police and Essex Police[17])
- Ruger Precision Rifle (used by Northumbria Police)[74]
- Remington 700 variant (used by police snipers during the Raoul Moat manhunt)[75] [76]
- Accuracy International Arctic Warfare (7.62x51mm and .338 variants issued to firearms officers of the Metropolitan Police;[7] also used by Essex Police[17] and Cheshire Police and North Wales Police Alliance Armed Policing Unit[77] [78])
- Tikka T3 (used by Essex Police[17])
In addition to the issued weapons above, AK-47 variants have been seen in use with Metropolitan Police officers roleplaying as gunmen during CTSFO training exercises.[79] [80]
Shotguns
Riot guns
- Heckler & Koch HK69A1 L104A1/A2 37mm riot gun for baton rounds (used by Metropolitan Police,[87] Kent Police,[35] South Wales Police,[88] Dyfed–Powys Police,[33] Hampshire and Thames Valley Police Armed Response,[52] Lancashire Constabulary,[89] Northumbria Police,[12] and Essex Police;[17] used with attenuating energy projectile and discriminating irritant projectile rounds[90])
Northern Ireland
Unlike territorial police forces in England, Scotland and Wales, as well as the Garda Síochána in the neighbouring Republic of Ireland, all Police Service of Northern Ireland officers are trained to use firearms and are routinely armed while on duty,[91] as were those of the preceding Royal Ulster Constabulary; many officers also carry firearms while off duty.[92] Historically, RUC officers were issued with the Ruger Speed-Six revolver from 1979 onwards and had access to the Sterling submachine gun and the Ruger AC-556 select-fire rifle until these were replaced by the Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun and the Heckler & Koch G3 and Heckler & Koch HK33[93] rifles between 1992 and 1995, with the PSNI inheriting the Speed-Six revolvers and the Heckler & Koch weapons upon its formation in 2001; the Speed-Six revolvers were subsequently superseded by the Glock 17 pistol from 2002 onwards,[94] [95] while Heckler & Koch G36 variants were acquired to supplement earlier Heckler & Koch weapons.[26] [96] L104 riot guns are available for crowd control purposes.[97]
Weapons used by non-Home Office police forces
British Transport Police
Most British Transport Police officers are unarmed. British Transport Police ARV officers carry:
Belfast Harbour Police
Like the PSNI, Belfast Harbour Police officers are issued the Glock 17 pistol.
Belfast International Airport Constabulary
Like the PSNI, officers of the Belfast International Airport Constabulary are issued the Glock 17 pistol whilst on duty. Officers are also authorised to carry Heckler & Koch MP5s, similar to those used by the PSNI prior to the adoption of the Heckler & Koch G36.
Civil Nuclear Constabulary
All Civil Nuclear Constabulary (CNC) officers are trained as Authorised Firearms Officers and are routinely armed while carrying out their duties. CNC officers carry:
CNC officers also operate the armament on board the ships of Pacific Nuclear Transport Limited,[107] which specialise in transporting spent nuclear fuel and reprocessed uranium on behalf of the British Nuclear Fuels organisation.[108] Such ships have an on-board escort of armed police.[109] [110] The Civil Nuclear Constabulary use a range of heavier weapons up to automatic cannon of 30mm calibre deployed on the ships.
Ministry of Defence Police
All Ministry of Defence Police officers are required to pass a firearms module during training (with marine units receiving additional firearms training that is specific to their role[111]) and are routinely armed unless they are posted to Crime Command.[112] [113]
- Sig Sauer P229 Slowly being replaced by the Glock 17 to standardise with Home Office Police Services and the Armed Forces][112] [113]
- Heckler & Koch MP7:[112] [113] [114] [115] General issue nationwide. Introduced in 2005 to replace the Browning HiPower, SA80 and MP5. The SF (Single Fire) Variant was produced to meet the exclusive request by MDP as its only user worldwide. Planned to be phased out of most roles and replaced with the Colt Canada C8.
- Colt Canada C8:[112] [113] [116] Issued to Officers based at AWE, the Special Escort Group and Tactical Firearms Unit.[117]
- L85A2[112] [113] [118] [119] Used by officers at HMNB Clyde and RNAD Coulport. Planned to be removed from service and replaced by the Colt Canada C8.
- LM7[113]
Historical firearms
In the past, police have been issued:
Notes and References
- Web site: Police use of firearms | Home Office. police.homeoffice.gov.uk . https://web.archive.org/web/20090220125718/http://police.homeoffice.gov.uk/operational-policing/firearms/ . 20 February 2009.
- News: Gardham. Duncan. Military-style guns for police to fight terrorists on the streets. 31 May 2017. The Telegraph. 15 April 2010.
- Web site: Report on the Ninth International Law Enforcement Forum - International Law Enforcement Recommendations on Preventing and Countering Armed Attacks. Interpol. 2013. 28 May 2017.
- Web site: The kit and weapons armed police officers carry while patrolling our streets . Mears . Tyler . 31 May 2017 . WalesOnline . . 25 December 2020 . "The officers secondary weapon is a Glock, possibly 17, which is carried in a holster.".
- News: Do police have the firepower to tackle gun menace? . Shaw . Danny . 17 May 2016 . . 25 December 2020 . "At a firing range in Northampton, 14 policemen and women, each carrying a Glock 17 self-loading pistol, are on their first week of training.".
- News: Review of Standing Firearms Authority for Armed Response Vehicle Crews within Police Scotland . . October 2014 . 25 December 2020 . "In terms of the handgun, Police Scotland uses the Glock 17 pistol." . 30.
- Web site: Firearms currently in use . WhatDoTheyKnow . 4 March 2019 . 14 September 2019.
- Cheshire&NWales AAP . CheshNWalesAAP . 1097042336499097600 . 17 February 2019 . Weapons and armoury check today. Once the weapons are stripped, this allows officers to check for defaults and ensure smooth working order. #kitcheck #ARV #armedpolicing https://t.co/M4MrqEQ3nq . en . 24 December 2020.
- Cheshire&NWales AAP . CheshNWalesAAP . 1192397869317267457 . 7 November 2019 . Out with the old and in with the new. The Alliance are about to upgrade all personal issue Glocks to the new Generation 5 glock and new torches. Same weight, some adjustments to hand grip and slide release to care for left handed officers #newkit #Glock #toughermoredurable https://t.co/zwf03T8yXo . en . 24 December 2020.
- Web site: Glock 17. Danny Callcut Photography. 2 August 2014 .
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- Web site: Firearms equipment - a Freedom of Information request to Northumbria Police. 18 July 2017. WhatDoTheyKnow.
- Book: Thompson, Leroy. The Browning High-Power Pistol. 30 April 2020. Bloomsbury Publishing. 9781472838087. Google Books.
- Birmingham Organised Crime & Gangs Team . Gangs_WMP . 1255000307769192449 . 28 April 2020 . Officers from @Gangs_WMP have executed a number of firearms warrants overnight at addresses across Birmingham, supported by @firearmsWMP & @OSU_WMP. Searches are ongoing and updates to follow. One male is currently in custody. @WMPolice @IanGreenWMP @SuptGMorris @BhamUpdates https://t.co/uMqc2VtiRH . en . 24 December 2020.
- Firearms Operations Unit . firearmsWMP . 1315539225379516417 . 12 October 2020 . Another early shift start for C Unit ARV. Our weapons are the first thing we collect each morning. Top Right is my primary weapon. A Sig Sauer 516 carbine. Below that is my Sig Sauer P320 pistol. On the left are two magazines, a TASER with cartridges and my Captor 2 spray. MG https://t.co/UvwqUcERQW . en . 29 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201012062620/https://twitter.com/firearmsWMP/status/1315539225379516417 . 12 October 2020 . live.
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- Web site: Surrey Constabulary: Part 4: A Policing Revolution: 1976-1992 . Open.ac.uk . 30 April 2015 . 24 May 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160524094851/http://www.open.ac.uk/Arts/history-from-police-archives/RB1/Pt4/pt4FirearmsSupTeam.html . dead .
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- Jane's Police Review, 4 March 2007
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- News: 'My friends call me Lara Croft'. BBC News. 14 March 2017.
- Web site: limited . https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/137302061069/10156599502471070 . 2022-04-30. North Yorkshire Police on Facebook . Facebook.
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- Web site: Easier to use for WPcs, the ladies' firearms. The Telegraph. 4 March 2007 .
- Web site: Top Cover issue 5. Issuu. 10 December 2013 .
- Web site: Firearms Support Unit - Airport. 19 August 2010. Flickr.
- News: Dover armed siege ends with arrest of gun suspect. BBC News. 17 August 2016.
- News: Northumbria Police takes on more armed officers. BBC News. 17 November 2016.
- News: Does the presence of armed police reassure people?. BBC News. 12 December 2016.
- News: Coronavirus: Armed police called to 'knight' with sword. BBC News. 15 May 2020.
- Northants Police . NorthantsPolice . 1033609424638754816 . 26 August 2018 . It's race day at #Silverstone and our Firearms Officers are here to help you be safe and feel safe. If you see them, please do say hi ♂️♀️ #MotoGP https://t.co/XF0kUCKusL . en . 29 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508235411/https://twitter.com/northantspolice/status/1033609424638754816 . 8 May 2021 . live.
- Northants Police ARV . NorthantsARV . 1236730864953970690 . 8 March 2020 .
- InternationalWomensDay Tonight's Firearms Commander, leading from the front... https://t.co/M6FaTVfSGt
. en . 29 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210509141127/https://twitter.com/northantsarv/status/1236730864953970690 . 9 May 2021 . live.
- Web site: 422nd SFS, NHPD strengthen local ties through live-fire, field training exercises . . 5 April 2021.
- Web site: Middleton . Ashley . Firearms unit | Flickr - Photo Sharing! . Flickr.com . 27 October 2012 . 30 April 2015.
- Cheshire&NWales AAP . CheshNWalesAAP . 1240004136776630272 . 17 March 2020 . Nearly the end of week 10/12 for the students on the initial firearms course...Barriacade shooting today in the beautiful fresh air of North Wales Its been a long time coming but were almost there! #AAP #Policetraining #stayfocused https://t.co/dw00Z2l4CJ . en . 24 December 2020.
- Web site: Helicopters deployed in search for Essex lion. The Telegraph. 27 August 2012 .
- News: Man arrested after boy, 12, killed and six others injured in 'deliberate' hit-and-run outside Essex school. Telegraph. Reporters. The Telegraph. 2 December 2019. www.telegraph.co.uk.
- Norfolk Police . NorfolkPolice . 867746151528894465 . 25 May 2017 .
- WeStandTogether with our communities - our armed officers should not be something to be fearful of as this brother and sister found out https://t.co/DNpkXDKKxZ
. en . 24 December 2020.
- Norfolk Police . NorfolkPolice . 1008293916012146688 . 17 June 2018 . We have armed officers out on patrol again in #GreatYarmouth providing reassurance to #airshow2018 visitors. Enjoy day two of the show :) https://t.co/eBkiKqwy2J . en . 24 December 2020.
- https://www.gloucestershire.police.uk/SysSiteAssets/media/downloads/force-content/gloucestershire/careers/police-officer/police-officer-recruitment-booklet.pdf#page=17
- Web site: Merseyside police on recruitment drive to deal with rise in number of shootings. 2021-06-29. PFOA. en-GB.
- Web site: Operation Vanguard 2010. 15 October 2009.
- News: Manchester Arena suicide bomber Salman Abedi may not have acted alone, police say. Telegraph. Reporters. The Telegraph. 6 July 2017. www.telegraph.co.uk.
- Web site: Police 'exchange fire' with armed man in Oxford. 7 May 2018. The Independent.
- Thames Valley Police . ThamesVP . 944145421429104640 . 22 December 2017 . Our armed police officers are out and about today in the Thames Valley region! If you see them go and ask them what they want for #Christmas! https://t.co/j5WgQmtMjI . en . 24 December 2020.
- Web site: Armed police patrols increased in South. 24 May 2017 .
- Firearms Support Unit . NPFSU . 1172124926662336513 . 12 September 2019 . Test your knowledge. Anyone name this weapon? . #firearms #npfsu #armedpolicing #firearmstraining https://t.co/TrbtB05VtR . en . 24 December 2020.
- News: Armed officers' anger at arrests. 3 June 2005. news.bbc.co.uk.
- Web site: Raoul Moat: police armed to the teeth for any showdown. The Telegraph. 8 July 2010 .
- Web site: BBC News - in pictures: Hunt for Tyneside gunman Raoul Moat . www.bbc.co.uk . 12 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110520152319/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10520061 . 20 May 2011 . dead.
- Web site: Photograph . JPG . Oi55.tinypic.com . 30 April 2015.
- Web site: British Armed Response Unit . Elite UK Forces . 23 January 2016.
- Web site: Yorkshire (N&W) Army Cadets. www.yorkshirearmycadets.co.uk . https://web.archive.org/web/20091001020808/http://www.yorkshirearmycadets.co.uk/cadets/ecoy/ereport3.htm . 1 October 2009.
- Web site: Photograph . JPG . Staffordshire-pcc.gov.uk . 2015-04-30 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924105549/http://www.staffordshire-pcc.gov.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/1PaulPickard-042.jpg . 24 September 2015 . dead .
- News: Dodd . Vikram . Scotland Yard creates SAS-style unit to counter threat of terrorist gun attack | UK news . . 17 September 2016.
- Web site: Police praised for stopping London Bridge attack in minutes. 4 June 2017. The Guardian.
- Web site: Birmingham accidental firearms discharge investigation complete | Independent Police Complaints Commission . www.ipcc.gov.uk . 12 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160406143607/https://www.ipcc.gov.uk/news/birmingham-accidental-firearms-discharge-investigation-complete . 6 April 2016 . dead.
- Firearms Operations Unit . firearmsWMP . 1258626806917275650 . 8 May 2020 . A busy week so far, another 2 x warrants conducted this time in West Brom @SandwellPolice earlier this morning #WeWillFindYou #WhosNext #FOU https://t.co/5dhMMHhbLG . en . 24 December 2020.
- Web site: All sizes | Throckmorton | Flickr - Photo Sharing! . Flickr.com . 30 April 2015.
- Web site: Kendal Emergency Services Day. 18 December 2018.
- Web site: BBC Local Live: Cumbria for Thursday 8 June 2017. 8 June 2017 .
- News: Ross Kemp and the Armed Police, review: an uneven investigation into the rise of gun crime. Michael. Hogan. The Telegraph. 6 September 2018. www.telegraph.co.uk.
- Firearms Support Unit . NPFSU . 1110857040694530048 . 27 March 2019 . Today's training venue is a little different ' https://t.co/mUihwstEgy . en . 24 December 2020.
- Firearms Support Unit . NPFSU . 1159928654518018048 . 9 August 2019 . Training in all weathers ☀️. They say it's character building Maybe. It's also wet. Very very wet! #npfsu #armedpolicing #wetandwindy #alltrainingisgoodtraining https://t.co/zSFOoxeDKM . en . 24 December 2020.
- Lancs Police ARV . LancsARV . 890690536360824833 . 27 July 2017 . Getting ready for the night shift! Guess how much this lot of personal kit weighs? #team3arv https://t.co/mwF144BWEo . en . 29 May 2021.
- Firearms Support Unit . NPFSU . 1151216059313250304 . 16 July 2019 . Scorchio today ☀️ Great training at Catterick military ranges for our TRO's. The factor 30 was out in force! #npfsu #firearmstraining #rifle #armedpolice https://t.co/eXuv4GapZR . en . 24 December 2020.
- Web site: Hunt for Raoul Moat: snipers sent to Northumberland. 7 July 2010. The Guardian.
- Web site: BBC News - in Pictures: 'Siege' in Rothbury . www.bbc.co.uk . 12 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140209072631/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10583023 . 9 February 2014 . dead.
- Cheshire&NWales AAP . CheshNWalesAAP . 1303008024743890949 . 7 September 2020 . The Alliance have a number of officers who are rifle trained At this distance and elevation takes skill and practice And yes one of them needs a haircut #AAP #Policefirearms #oneteam https://t.co/UZRqHT7SHT . en . 24 December 2020.
- Cheshire&NWales AAP . CheshNWalesAAP . 1303362819388248071 . 8 September 2020 . As well as shooting from buildings and outdoors the rifle officers from the Alliance train in our 100m indoor range with low light...on the hottest day in sept! Who planned this?! #AAP #policetraining #firearms #oneteam https://t.co/WbrW7xJU3u . en . 24 December 2020.
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- News: Facebook to use Met Police videos to recognise shooters. BBC News. 17 September 2019.
- Web site: Police officer unlawfully killed on firearms exercise. 25 March 2010. The Guardian.
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- Web site: SCO19 Weapons. Elite UK Forces. 12 November 2019.
- Book: Stop! Armed Police!: Inside the Met's Firearms Unit. 9780719824425. Smith. Stephen. 31 May 2017. Robert Hale .
- Cheshire&NWales AAP . CheshNWalesAAP . 976849949773172736 . 22 March 2018 . Well done to the 12 officers who were successful in passing their shotgun course #AAP #oneteam #scopehead! https://t.co/ddTNLRaw92 . en . 24 December 2020.
- Firearms Operations Unit . firearmsWMP . 1037431195234172934 . 5 September 2018 . Watch @RossKemp with the #FOU on @ITV Thursday 6th September at 9pm. The Armed Police. https://t.co/nGOyqjWKvd . en . 24 December 2020.
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- Web site: Marine Units. mod.police.uk. 11 May 2021. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20210506085403/http://www.mod.police.uk/specialist/marine.html. 6 May 2021. Training in the MP7 weapon system and in marine-specific firearms tactics training is also required..
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- Former West Mercia Authorised Firearms Officer
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- Firearms Operations Unit . firearmsWMP . 1315614595386667008 . 12 October 2020 . @IPatrick_Author Hi Ian. The 516 replaced the MP5 some 7 years ago. Thanks. MG. . en . 24 December 2020.
- Firearms Operations Unit . firearmsWMP . 1315570852117782528 . 12 October 2020 . @lawro28 Morning. A limited amount of officers had the G36 before we all moved across to the 516 as our standard carbine platform some years ago. Thanks for the question. MG . en . 24 December 2020.