List of U.S. states and territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rate explained

This article has lists of US states and US territories by incarceration and correctional supervision rates. There are also counts of inmates for various categories. The data is from the United States Department of Justice and other sources. The incarceration numbers include sentenced and unsentenced inmates from many categories.

Incarceration rates and totals; numbers in state, federal, and local institutions

This table and the one that directly follows it are a comprehensive breakdown of inmates across many categories. The incarceration rate for a state or U.S. territory is calculated from the total of inmates across that location row in both tables. Nationwide totals for each column are at the end of each table.^[1]

Some U.S. territories are in alphabetical order in the 2 table halves: American Samoa, Northern Mariana Islands, and the U.S. Virgin Islands.

Asterisk (*) indicates "Incarceration in LOCATION" or "Crime in LOCATION" links.

Incarceration rates per 100,000. Counts. Data is from various years. Latest data available as of June 2024.


Location	Incarceration rate	Total incarcerated	State population	State prisons	data-sort-type=number	Federal	data-sort-type=number	Local jails
	898	45,573	5,073,903	26,421	3,607	14,727
	744	5,456	733,276	4,778	498	12
	606	301	49,710	301	N/A	N/A
	710	52,329	7,365,684	33,865	3,567	13,541
	912	27,795	3,046,404	17,625	2,522	7,165
	494	192,694	39,040,616	97,608	12,172	75,061
	556	32,495	5,841,039	17,168	1,811	12,719
	326	11,747	3,608,706	10,506	949	N/A
	539	5,492	1,019,459	4,954	361	N/A
	705	156,734	22,245,521	84,678	13,370	55,826
	881	96,171	10,913,150	48,439	6,897	40,085
	502	772	153,836	678	94	N/A
	367	5,283	1,439,399	4,149	834	N/A
	720	13,965	1,938,996	9,110	950	3,508
	433	54,474	12,582,515	29,634	6,386	16,493
	721	49,241	6,832,274	25,286	3,436	19,416
	550	17,598	3,199,693	8,473	3,744	4,950
	648	19,022	2,936,716	8,709	1,537	8,065
	889	40,107	4,511,563	19,744	3,182	16,844
	1,067	48,973	4,588,023	27,296	2,538	18,183
	272	3,777	1,389,338	1,675	452	1,623
	475	29,304	6,163,981	15,637	4,068	8,455
	241	16,798	6,982,740	6,001	1,279	9,129
	535	53,683	10,033,281	32,374	4,477	15,875
	323	18,457	5,714,300	8,636	2,003	6,343
	1,020	29,980	2,938,928	19,802	2,041	7,829
	713	44,016	6,177,168	23,911	6,747	11,576
	758	8,508	1,122,878	4,691	1,214	2,206
	591	11,635	1,968,060	5,649	1,390	4,119
	610	19,370	3,177,421	10,304	1,311	7,211
	278	3,886	1,399,003	2,086	426	1,332
	270	25,016	9,260,817	12,657	2,337	8,775
	647	13,676	2,113,476	4,970	1,746	6,549
	317	62,339	19,673,200	31,148	8,859	20,448
	559	59,753	10,695,965	29,627	9,164	20,360
	560	4,363	778,912	1,817	901	1,434
	400	189	47,329	170	19	N/A
	621	72,989	11,759,697	45,313	4,728	20,582
	905	36,388	4,019,271	22,941	2,350	10,625
	494	20,942	4,239,379	12,518	1,182	5,991
	589	76,355	12,972,091	37,910	5,726	31,303
	341	10,995	3,220,113	7,067	3,928	N/A
	254	2,779	1,093,842	2,393	260	N/A
	606	32,038	5,282,955	16,318	3,712	11,177
	812	7,386	909,869	3,444	1,327	2,003
	817	57,625	7,048,976	23,735	7,044	26,463
	751	225,480	30,029,848	139,631	23,244	58,489
	651	567	87,146	417	150	N/A
	396	13,381	3,381,236	6,009	1,313	5,765
	245	1,583	647,110	1,360	219	N/A
	679	58,917	8,679,099	27,162	4,722	25,229
	373	29,065	7,784,477	13,772	2,438	11,567
	816	5,473	670,949	N/A	3,445	1,817
	674	11,954	1,774,035	5,873	1,289	4,372
	615	36,199	5,890,543	20,873	1,615	12,741
	785	4,568	581,629	2,154	615	1,558
U.S. total	608	2,048,524	336,829,545	1,079,467	219,140	649,181

Numbers in institution types: youth, Indian, civil commitment, forensic psychiatric, immigration, military

Further breakdown of inmates across categories. US totals at end of table.^[1]

Asterisk (*) indicates "Incarceration in LOCATION" or "Crime in LOCATION" links.

US states and territories. Number of inmates by category. Data is from various years. Latest data available as of June 24.

Youth ! data-sort-type=number
Indian Country jails	data-sort-type=number	Civil commitment	data-sort-type=number	Forensic psychiatric	Immigration	Military
	678	N/A	N/A	140	N/A	N/A
	156	2	N/A	10	N/A	N/A
	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	351	774	88	143	N/A	N/A
	297	N/A	N/A	186	N/A	N/A
	2,385	N/A	946	4,522	N/A	N/A
	462	45	N/A	290	N/A	N/A
	63	N/A	N/A	229	N/A	N/A
	135	N/A	N/A	42	N/A	N/A
	1,221	N/A	531	1,108	N/A	N/A
	750	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	27	N/A	N/A	273	N/A	N/A
	264	61	N/A	72	N/A	N/A
	516	N/A	493	952	N/A	N/A
	837	N/A	N/A	266	N/A	N/A
	267	N/A	164	N/A	N/A	N/A
	351	N/A	256	104	N/A	N/A
	297	N/A	N/A	40	N/A	N/A
	717	N/A	N/A	239	N/A	N/A
	27	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	198	N/A	N/A	946	N/A	N/A
	204	N/A	104	81	N/A	N/A
	723	11	N/A	223	N/A	N/A
	378	81	740	276	N/A	N/A
	186	44	N/A	78	N/A	N/A
	612	N/A	280	890	N/A	N/A
	99	244	N/A	54	N/A	N/A
	207	8	150	112	N/A	N/A
	342	3	N/A	199	N/A	N/A
	12	N/A	0	30	N/A	N/A
	378	N/A	419	450	N/A	N/A
	198	125	N/A	88	N/A	N/A
	741	N/A	386	757	N/A	N/A
	411	0	N/A	191	N/A	N/A
	39	137	27	8	N/A	N/A
	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	1,476	N/A	N/A	890	N/A	N/A
	261	11	N/A	200	N/A	N/A
	597	N/A	N/A	654	N/A	N/A
	1,002	N/A	55	359	N/A	N/A
	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	72	N/A	N/A	54	N/A	N/A
	414	N/A	204	213	N/A	N/A
	99	487	N/A	26	N/A	N/A
	300	N/A	N/A	83	N/A	N/A
	2,730	N/A	447	939	N/A	N/A
	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	168	N/A	N/A	126	N/A	N/A
	0	N/A	N/A	4	N/A	N/A
	558	N/A	406	840	N/A	N/A
	396	187	102	603	N/A	N/A
	78	N/A	N/A	133	N/A	N/A
	345	N/A	N/A	75	N/A	N/A
	417	44	187	322	N/A	N/A
	171	28	N/A	42	N/A	N/A
U.S. total	24,891	2,292	6,051	18,562	47,835	1,105

By territory and percentage female

Asterisk (*) indicates "Incarceration in TERRITORY" or "Crime in TERRITORY" links.

US territories. Incarceration rate per 100,000 of all ages. Incarceration count. Percent female. Data year is in order by column.^[2]


scope=col	Territory	scope=col	Rate	scope=col	Count	scope=col	Percent female	scope=col	Data year
	345	193	4.1%	2017, 2017, 2017
	411	690	7.2%	2019, 2019, 2017
	313	175	5.8%	2019, 2019, 2007
	278	8,884	3.6%	2019, 2019, 2017
	394	412	2.7%	2020, 2020, 2011

Juvenile detention

Juvenile detention totals from the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.^[3]

Juvenile detention in the US! Year !! Male !! Female !! Total
1997	90,771	14,284	105,055
1999	92,985	14,508	107,493
2001	89,115	15,104	104,219
2003	81,975	14,556	96,531
2006	78,998	13,723	92,721
2007	75,017	11,797	86,814
2010	61,359	9,434	70,793
2011	53,079	8,344	61,423
2013	46,421	7,727	54,148
2015	40,750	7,293	48,043
2017	36,982	6,598	43,580
2019	31,064	5,415	36,479
2021	21,340	3,554	24,894

Comparison with other countries

See main article: Comparison of United States incarceration rate with other countries.

On January 1, 2008 more than 1 in 100 adults in the United States were in prison or jail.^[4] ^[5] Total U.S. incarceration peaked in 2008. The U.S. incarceration rate was the highest in the world in 2008. It is no longer the highest rate.

The United States has one of the highest rates of female incarceration.^[6] According to a November 2017 report by the World Prison Brief around 212,000 of the 714,000 female prisoners worldwide (women and girls) are incarcerated in the United States.^[7] In the United States in 2016, women made up 9.8% of the incarcerated population in adult prisons and jails.^[8] ^[9]

Comparing English-speaking developed countries;^[10] the overall incarceration rate in the U.S. was 531 per 100,000 population of all ages in 2021,^[8] the incarceration rate of Canada was 85 per 100,000 in 2020,^[11] England and Wales was 146 per 100,000 in 2023,^[12] and Australia was 158 per 100,000 in 2022.^[13] Comparing other developed countries, the rate of Spain was 122 per 100,000 in 2020,^[14] France was 90 per 100,000 in 2020,^[15] Germany was 69 per 100,000 in 2020,^[16] Norway was 49 per 100,000 in 2020,^[17] Netherlands was 63 per 100,000 in 2018,^[18] and Japan was 38 per 100,000 in 2019.^[19]

The racial aspect of mass incarceration in the United States is striking. According to Michelle Alexander (in 2010 book), the United States "imprisons a larger percentage of its black population than South Africa did at the height of apartheid."^[20]

Correctional supervision by state

Chart below has numbers for people in adult facilities, and for people on probation and on parole.^[21] The incarceration numbers for the states in the chart below are for sentenced and unsentenced inmates in adult facilities in local jails and state prisons. Numbers for federal prisons are in the Federal line.

Asterisk (*) indicates "Incarceration in STATE" or "Crime in STATE" links.

Correctional supervision numbers for Dec 31, 2018. "In community" is community supervision. Rates are per 100,000 adults.^[21]


Jurisdiction	Total		In community		Incarcerated
Jurisdiction	style=max-width:5em class=sticky-table-none	Counts	style=max-width:5em	Rate	style=max-width:5em	Probation or Parole	style=max-width:5em	Rate	style=max-width:5em	In prison or jail	style=max-width:5em	Rate
style=text-align:left	Federal	302,100	90	122,800	40	179,200	50
style=text-align:left	State	6,083,300	1,850	4,276,200	1,300	1,919,200	580
	99,200	2,030	60,900	1,240	40,400	820
	7,800	1,060	3,400	460	4,400	600
	136,800	1,890	84,300	1,170	54,600	750
	74,700	2,470	53,800	1,780	24,700	820
	513,100	1,290	312,400	790	200,700	510
	122,600	2,140	91,300	1,590	32,700	570
	54,800	1,530	43,100	1,210	13,700	380
	20,600	2,120	14,500	1,490	6,100	620
	9,500	1,340	8,600	1,210	1,800	260
	357,400	1,670	209,400	980	150,500	700
	495,200	4,680	433,200	4,100	89,700	850
	27,200	1,920	21,900	1,540	5,400	380
	51,800	2,920	39,700	2,240	12,100	690
	171,900	1,350	116,100	910	55,800	440
	164,700	2,450	118,400	1,760	46,300	690
	47,600	1,500	35,600	1,120	14,000	440
	39,000	1,340	21,900	750	18,000	620
	99,600	2,230	62,800	1,400	37,500	840
	104,000	2,230	62,300	1,340	45,700	980
	10,300	770	6,800	500	4,000	300
	96,600	1,600	80,600	1,330	27,600	460
	71,200	1,030	53,700	780	17,600	250
	219,200	2,190	164,800	1,650	54,500	540
	122,900	2,180	107,500	1,910	15,900	280
	63,600	2,130	37,200	1,240	27,500	920
	106,100	1,730	63,100	1,030	43,000	700
	16,700	1,570	11,400	1,070	6,200	580
	25,100	1,300	15,900	820	9,300	480
	40,300	1,310	19,800	640	20,500	670
	10,400	760	6,300	460	4,100	300
	173,700	1,950	146,300	1,640	28,700	320
	26,800	1,280	13,700	660	13,100	620
	202,300	1,040	139,700	720	67,700	350
	148,600	1,420	94,100	900	54,600	520
	10,100	1,320	7,000	920	3,100	400
	322,500	2,760	253,900	2,170	70,500	600
	81,800	2,070	43,300	1,100	38,500	970
	81,000	1,920	59,900	1,420	21,100	500
	360,200	2,810	288,000	2,250	77,900	610
	22,000	2,080	20,900	1,980	2,800	260
	67,000	1,310	36,700	720	30,300	590
	15,100	1,710	9,200	1,040	6,100	680
	117,400	1,730	72,100	1,060	49,300	730
	672,400	2,330	474,600	1,640	218,000	750
	26,800	840	16,600	520	12,500	390
	6,500	1,030	4,800	770	1,700	260
	122,000	1,430	65,000	760	57,100	670
	115,200	1,520	88,900	1,170	30,900	410
	21,500	1,190	10,900	600	10,600	590
	100,600	1,730	63,900	1,100	36,700	630
	9,900	1,720	6,300	1,090	4,000	700

Male and female incarceration and correctional supervision

In 2015 there were 1,942,500 male and 202,600 female inmates in prisons and jails. That is 10.4% female.^[22]

Note: The state, federal, and U.S. total rows sort, but they come back to the top after further sorting.
Asterisk (*) indicates "Incarceration in STATE" or "Crime in STATE" links.

2015 male and female incarceration and correctional supervision numbers. Rate is per 100,000 of all ages.


Jurisdiction	Parole, probation, etc.					Incarcerated
	Number	Rate		Number			Rate
	class=sticky-table-none	Total!	Male	Female	Male	Female	Total	Male	Female	Male	Female
style=text-align:left	State	4,518,100	3,485,100	1,033,000	2,190	630	1,949,400	1,759,700	189,800	1,450	150
style=text-align:left	Federal	132,800	109,200	23,700	70	10	195,700	182,800	12,900	150	10
style=text-align:left	U.S. total	4,650,900	3,594,300	1,056,700	2,260	640	2,145,100	1,942,500	202,600	1,600	160
	64,600	50,600	14,000	2,140	560	42,900	38,600	4,300	1,640	170
	8,500	6,600	1,900	1,700	550	5,400	4,800	600	1,230	170
	83,300	66,700	16,700	1,950	480	54,900	49,100	5,800	1,440	170
	51,500	39,000	12,500	2,660	820	24,000	21,200	2,800	1,450	180
	349,600	277,500	72,100	1,420	360	201,000	186,000	15,100	950	80
	89,200	66,700	22,400	2,410	820	31,800	28,000	3,800	1,010	140
	45,300	35,700	9,500	2,040	520	15,800	14,700	1,100	840	60
	16,100	12,400	3,700	2,690	760	6,700	6,100	500	1,330	110
	9,900	8,500	1,400	2,640	400	1,800	1,700	100	530	30
	225,400	167,000	58,400	1,670	560	153,000	137,900	15,100	1,380	140
	451,800	353,600	98,200	7,060	1,870	88,500	79,600	8,900	1,590	170
	22,500	17,200	5,300	2,360	740	5,900	5,200	700	710	100
	37,800	28,100	9,700	3,370	1,160	10,900	9,300	1,600	1,120	190
	151,300	118,200	33,100	1,870	510	63,900	59,500	4,400	940	70
	122,500	93,100	29,400	2,850	870	43,500	38,200	5,200	1,170	160
	35,600	26,900	8,700	1,730	550	12,900	11,500	1,400	740	90
	20,900	16,400	4,500	1,120	310	16,600	14,800	1,800	1,010	130
	70,600	49,400	21,300	2,260	940	33,800	28,700	5,100	1,310	230
	71,900	57,400	14,500	2,510	600	49,000	45,400	3,600	1,980	150
	6,700	5,400	1,400	820	200	4,000	3,500	500	540	70
	87,400	71,800	15,600	2,460	500	29,700	27,800	1,900	950	60
	66,900	52,600	14,300	1,590	410	20,100	19,000	1,200	570	30
	193,900	147,700	46,100	3,020	910	57,700	53,100	4,600	1,090	90
	105,100	81,000	24,000	2,960	870	16,500	14,800	1,600	540	60
	44,800	35,500	9,300	2,440	600	28,000	25,800	2,300	1,770	150
	62,600	47,600	15,000	1,590	480	43,400	38,500	4,900	1,290	160
	9,700	7,400	2,300	1,430	440	5,600	4,800	800	930	150
	13,700	10,000	3,700	1,050	390	8,600	7,700	900	810	100
	19,200	15,200	4,000	1,040	270	19,100	16,800	2,300	1,150	160
	6,300	4,900	1,400	750	210	4,600	4,100	500	620	80
	151,300	117,700	33,700	2,690	730	33,900	31,700	2,200	720	50
	16,800	12,600	4,200	1,210	400	15,100	13,300	1,800	1,290	170
	145,600	120,500	25,000	1,250	250	75,900	71,100	4,800	740	50
	97,400	73,400	24,000	1,490	460	53,800	48,800	5,000	990	100
	6,900	5,100	1,800	1,300	490	3,200	2,700	400	690	120
	262,000	189,700	72,300	3,330	1,220	70,700	62,800	7,900	1,100	130
	33,400	25,700	7,700	1,320	390	39,700	34,400	5,300	1,770	270
	61,900	49,600	12,300	2,470	600	21,000	18,600	2,400	930	120
	296,200	223,500	72,700	3,560	1,110	83,900	76,300	7,600	1,220	120
	24,400	20,600	3,800	4,010	690	3,200	3,100	100	600	30
	38,500	30,500	8,000	1,280	320	31,600	28,900	2,800	1,210	110
	9,800	7,500	2,300	1,720	540	5,300	4,600	800	1,050	180
	75,400	57,100	18,300	1,770	540	48,000	41,600	6,500	1,290	190
	488,800	375,200	113,600	2,730	810	214,800	192,500	22,300	1,400	160
	15,700	12,000	3,700	790	240	11,700	10,100	1,600	660	110
	6,300	4,800	1,500	1,550	470	1,800	1,600	200	520	50
	57,000	43,700	13,300	1,060	310	57,300	51,000	6,300	1,230	150
	104,700	81,600	23,200	2,260	640	29,700	26,300	3,400	730	90
	10,100	7,300	2,800	800	300	10,100	8,700	1,400	950	150
	65,600	52,700	12,900	1,830	440	35,000	31,800	3,100	1,110	110
	5,900	4,300	1,600	1,450	550	3,900	3,400	600	1,130	200

U.S. states compared to countries

See first chart to right. The data is from various years, and is the latest available as of June 2024. From the source report: "This graph shows the number of people in state prisons, local jails, federal prisons, and other systems of confinement from each U.S. state and territory per 100,000 people in that state or territory and the incarceration rate per 100,000 in all countries with a total population of at least 500,000."^[23]

Female incarceration in U.S. states and countries

See second chart at right. Female incarceration rates by country and US state. Per 100,000 female population of all ages. Incarcerated females of all ages (where the data are available). From a 2018 report with latest available data. From the source report: "This graph shows the number of women in state prisons, local jails, and federal prisons from each U.S. state per 100,000 people in that state and the incarceration rate per 100,000 in all countries with at least a half million in total population."^[6]

External links

Punishment Beyond Prisons 2023: Incarceration and Supervision by State, Appendix. Prison Policy Initiative. 2021 data for state prisons. 2019 data for jails.
Appendix 1: State Data States of Incarceration: The Global Context 2021. Prison Policy Initiative. 2019 data for state prisons and jails.
Rate Per 100,000 and Rank by State of Crime and Imprisonment by US States 1978 - 2012
Crime, Punishment and Ratio of Crime to Punishment Per 100,000 and Rank by Year and between States

Notes and References

Web site: Widra . Emily . Appendix 1 - States of Incarceration: The Global Context 2024 . . en . June 2024. See tooltips, and scroll past table for detailed sourcing.
[US territories]
Sickmund, M., Sladky, T.J., Kang, W., & Puzzanchera, C.. "Easy Access to the Census of Juveniles in Residential Placement". Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Click "National Crosstabs" at the top, and then choose the census years. Click "Show table" to get the total number of juvenile inmates for those years. Or go here for all the years. And here.
http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2008/02/28/one-in-100-behind-bars-in-america-2008 One in 100: Behind Bars in America 2008
[Liptak, Adam]
Web site: Kajstura . Aleks . States of Women's Incarceration: The Global Context 2018 . June 2018 . Prison Policy Initiative. See the appendix for a detailed data breakdown.
http://www.prisonstudies.org/news/world-female-imprisonment-list-fourth-edition World Female Imprisonment List (fourth edition)
http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/united-states-america United States of America
https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=5870 Correctional Populations in the United States, 2015
http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest Highest to Lowest
http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/canada Canada
http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/united-kingdom-england-wales United Kingdom: England & Wales
http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/australia Australia
http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/spain Spain
http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/france France
http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/germany Germany
http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/norway Norway
http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/netherlands Netherlands
http://www.prisonstudies.org/country/japan Japan
Book: Alexander, Michelle. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness. 2010. The New Press. New York. 7.
https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=7026 Correctional Populations in the United States, 2017-2018
https://www.bjs.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=5870 Correctional Populations in the United States, 2015
Web site: Widra . Emily . States of Incarceration: The Global Context 2024 . . en . June 2024. Hover over rows for location and rate. Scroll down to methodology section for detailed info on sourcing.