List of Turkish operations in northern Iraq explained

Conflict:Turkish operations in Northern Iraq
Partof:the Kurdish–Turkish conflict; Iraqi Kurdish Civil War
Place:Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Date:1983–present
Result:Ongoing
Combatant1: Turkey----Previous:
KDP (1992, 1995, 1997)[1] [2]
PUK (1992)
Combatant2: PKK
YBŞ
PJAK[3] ----Previous:
PUK (1997)[4]
Casualties1:400+ killed[5]
Casualties2:8,000+ killed
1,700 captured,
Casualties3:6,800+ displaced[6]

The Kurdish-Turkish conflict spilled over into Iraqi Kurdistan in 1983,[7] and has continued there intermittently since. The Turkish Armed Forces has launched a series of operations in Northern Iraq against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).[8] More than 37,000 people have been killed in the conflict since 1984.[9]

The operations resulted in a permanent Turkish presence in northern Iraq since 2018.[10] The Iraqi government at one time viewed these operations as a violation of Iraq's sovereignty,[11] with President Barham Salih demanding from Turkey their end, and the withdrawal of all of the Turkish armed forces from his country's territory.[12]

DateOperationTAF Fatalities (Wounded)PKK Fatalities (Captured)
? ?
5 October 1992 – 15 November 1992 28 (125) 1,551 (1,232)
20 March 1995 – 4 May 1995 64 (185) 555 (13)
12 May 1997 – 7 July 1997 114 (338) 2,730 (418)
25 September 1997 – 15 October 1997 31 (91) 865 (37)
21 February 2008 – 29 February 2008 27[13] [14] [15] 240
25 April 2017 0 33
28 May 2019 – 14 June 2020 Operation Claw17[16] 417[17]
17 April 2022 – 4 May 2022 Operation Claw Lock83995
Total: 282 (739) 6,417 (2,700)

See also

Notes and References

  1. http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-IraqK.html Iraq – Kurds (1961 – first combat deaths)
  2. http://www.ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-Turkey.html Turkey (1984–2002)
  3. Web site: Page 2. 29 May 2023.
  4. Web site: The Arab Spring, ITS Effects on the Kurds, and the Approaches of Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq on the Kurdish Issue . 2012-11-09 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120917015038/http://www.gloria-center.org/2012/07/the-arab-spring-its-effects-on-the-kurds-and-the-approaches-of-turkey-iran-syria-and-iraq-on-the-kurdish-issue/ . 2012-09-17 . dead .
  5. Web site: Ve Sonuç. Hürriyet. 2007-10-11.
  6. Web site: Timeline Turkey 1962-2008 . 2011-05-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101223002128/http://timelines.ws/countries/TURKEYB.HTML . 2010-12-23 . dead .
  7. Web site: Irak'a yapılan en büyük kara harekatı . https://web.archive.org/web/20150114050334/http://www.dha.com.tr/iraka-yapilan-en-buyuk-kara-harekati_223858.html . 14 January 2015 .
  8. https://web.archive.org/web/20050506203604/http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/45394.htm "Council Decision"
  9. News: Kurdish rebels kill Turkey troops . BBC News . 8 April 2007 . 11 May 2010.
  10. Web site: Turkey's Growing Military Presence in the Kurdish Region of Iraq. Washington Institute. Yousif Ismael. 18 May 2020. 1 October 2022.
  11. News: Hermann . Rainer . Operation im Nordirak: Bagdad erzürnt über türkische Offensive gegen die PKK . de . . 2022-04-19 . 0174-4909.
  12. Web site: 19 April 2022 . Iraq's president says Turkey's offensive into KRG 'a threat to our national security' . Bianet.
  13. Web site: Twenty-five killed in clashes between Turkish soldiers, PKK - Monster… . https://archive.today/20120904012447/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/europe/news/article_1404642.php/Twenty-five_killed_in_clashes_between_Turkish_soldiers_PKK . 4 September 2012 . dead.
  14. Web site: 38 killed in PKK attack on Turkish border posts - Thaindian News . 2011-02-05 . 2018-08-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180814170324/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/uncategorized/38-killed-in-pkk-attack-on-turkish-border-posts_100103566.html . dead .
  15. Web site: Armed Conflicts Report - Turkey . 2011-04-15 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110207170943/http://ploughshares.ca/libraries/ACRText/ACR-Turkey2.htm . 2011-02-07 .
  16. 2 killed (30 May 2019),https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-iraq-security/turkey-says-warplanes-strike-targets-in-iraq-19-militants-neutralized-idUSKCN1T014O 1 killed (19 July 2019 per turkey),https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-terror/2019/07/19/pkk-attacks-kill-2-turkish-soldiers-in-n-iraq-eastern-turkey 3 killed (25 Aug. 2019),https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/3-turkish-soldiers-martyred-in-pkk-attack/1564453 2 killed (23 Sep. 2019),https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/turkey-pkk-terrorists-martyrs-2-soldiers-in-niraq/1591505 1 died (28 Oct. 2019),https://www.independentturkish.com/node/86081/27-yaşındaki-teğmen-operasyonda-rahatsızlanıp-şehit-düştü 1 killed (2 Dec. 2019),https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/2-turkish-soldiers-martyred-in-terrorist-attacks/1661823 2 killed (2 Jan. 2020),https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkey/2-turkish-soldiers-martyred-in-operation-claw-in-niraq/1690562 2 killed (14 Jan. 2020),https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-terror/2020/01/14/turkish-soldier-security-guard-killed-in-northern-iraq 2 killed (25 March 2020),https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2020-03-25/turkey-says-two-soldiers-killed-two-wounded-in-kurdish-militant-attack-in-iraq 1 killed (15 April 2020),https://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-soldier-killed-in-terrorist-attack-in-iraq-153913 total of 17 reported killed
  17. Web site: New phase begins in Turkey's northern Iraq operation. www.aa.com.tr. 29 May 2023.

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