List of Texas suffragists explained
This is a list of Texas suffragists, suffrage groups and others associated with the cause of women's suffrage in Texas.
Groups
- American Woman Suffrage Association, petitions Texas Legislature to allow women's suffrage in 1872.
- Austin Friends of Female Suffrage.[1]
- Austin Woman Suffrage Association.[2]
- Colored Welfare League of Austin.
- Dallas Equal Suffrage Association (DESA), started on March 15, 1913, in Dallas.
- Equal Franchise League of San Antonio.[3]
- El Paso Equal Franchise League.[4]
- El Paso Negro Woman's Civic and Enfranchisement League started in 1918.[5]
- Galveston Equal Suffrage Association.
- Galveston Negro Women's Voter League.
- Georgetown Equal Suffrage League, started in 1916.[6]
- Houston Equal Suffrage Association.[7]
- Houston Suffrage League.[8]
- National Woman's Party, Texas chapter started in 1916.[9]
- Negro Women's Voter League (Galveston), formed in 1917.
- Smith County Equal Franchise League (Tyler).[10]
- Texas Equal Rights Association (TERA) formed in 1893.
- Texas Federation of Colored Women's Clubs endorses suffrage in 1917.
- Texas Woman Suffrage Association, which later becomes the Texas Equal Suffrage Association (TESA) in 1916.[11]
- Waco Equal Franchise Society.[12]
- Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), Texas chapter, endorses women's suffrage in 1888.
Suffragists
Politicians supporting women's suffrage
Suffragists who campaigned in Texas
Places
- Adolphus Hotel, site of annual suffragist luncheon.
- Grand Windsor Hotel, site of the organization of first statewide suffrage group in Texas, 1893.[47]
- Saint Anthony Hotel, site of major women's suffrage convention in 1913.
- Texas State Fair, site of women's suffrage activism.
Publications
- Texas Democrat, suffrage newspaper edited by Dr. A. Caswell Ellis.
Anti-suffragists
Groups
- Texas Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage (TAOWS) started in 1916.
Individuals
See also
References
Sources
- Brannon-Wranosky. Jessica S.. Southern Promise and Necessity: Texas, Regional Identity, and the National Woman Suffrage Movement, 1868-1920. August 2010. Doctor of Philosophy. University of North Texas.
- Book: Brannon-Wranosky, Jessica. Texas Women: Their Histories, Their Lives. University of Georgia Press. 2015. 978-0820347202. Hayes. Turner Elizabeth. Mariana Thompson Folsom: Laying the Foundation for Women’s Rights Activism. 201–224 . j.ctt175758p.16.
- Enstam. Elizabeth York. 2001. A Question to Be 'Settled Right': The Dallas Campaign for Woman Suffrage, 1913–1919. Legacies: A History Journal for Dallas and North Central Texas. 13. 2. 30–38. May 22, 2016.
- Enstam. Elizabeth York. November 2002. The Dallas Equal Suffrage Association, Political Style, and Popular Culture: Grassroots Strategies of the Woman Suffrage Movement, 1913-1919. Journal of Southern History. 68. 4. 817–848. 10.2307/3069775. 3069775.
- Gunter. Rachel Michelle. More Than Black and White: Woman Suffrage and Voting Rights in Texas, 1918-1923. August 2017. Doctor of Philosophy. Texas A & M University.
- Prycer. Melissa. 2019. 'Not Organizing for the Fun of It': Suffrage, War and Dallas Women in 1918. Legacies. 31. 1. 26–35. subscription. EBSCOhost.
- Taylor. A. Elizabeth. May 1951. The Woman Suffrage Movement in Texas. Journal of Southern History. 17. 2. 194–215. 10.2307/2198264. 2198264.
Notes and References
- Web site: Mulvihill. Barbara. 25 June 2019. Tunstall, Martha Goodwin. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Jane Y. McCallum. 2020-08-12. Humanities Texas.
- Web site: Votes for Women! - The Movement Comes of Age - Page 2. 2020-08-14. Texas State Library TSLAC.
- Web site: Weiser. Abbie. 1 July 2007. Guide to the MS 386 Belle Christie Critchett Papers. C.L. Sonnichsen Special Collections Department. University of Texas at El Paso.
- Web site: Letters regarding African American suffrage organization. 2020-08-12. Bullock Texas State History Museum. en.
- Web site: Swartz. Jon D.. 11 April 2016. Ames, Jessie Harriet Daniel. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Scott. Janelle D.. 16 February 2017. Ward, Hortense Sparks. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Humphrey. Janet G.. 19 July 2017. Texas Equal Suffrage Association. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Timeline of Texas Women's History. 2020-08-11. Women in Texas History.
- Web site: Miller. Ashley E.. 1 December 2019. Potter, Elizabeth Herndon [Bessie, Bess]]. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: The Woman Suffrage Movement in Texas - Institute for Women's Leadership. 2020-08-11. Texas Woman's University.
- Web site: Stalcup. Daniel. 12 February 2019. Spell, Jane Madden. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: McArthur. Judith N.. 7 August 2017. Acheson, Sarah C.. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Society.
- Web site: Cottrell. Debbie Mauldin. 23 September 2018. Blanton, Annie Webb. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: The Texas Suffrage Movement. 2020-08-12. ATX Celebrates Women's Suffrage Centennial. en-US.
- Web site: Konzem. Amber R.. 16 December 2016. Burchill, Kate Belle Murray. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Standifer. Mary M.. 12 June 2020. Danforth, Grace. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- News: 11 August 1926 . Mrs. DeGroff Dies; Funeral on Friday . 1 . El Paso Herald . 13 March 2022 . Newspapers.com. and News: Mrs. DeGroff Dies Wednesday A. M. Funeral on Friday . 6 .
- Web site: Mitchell. Raymond R.. 19 February 2019. Doom, Nell Gertrude Horne. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Jane McCallum/Suffrage Movement. 2020-08-16. Austin Public Library. en.
- Web site: Cottrell. Debbie Mauldin. 8 December 2019. Ellis, Mary Heard. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Cottrell. Debbie Mauldin. 2 October 2019. Fenwick, Marin B.. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Gill. Kelli R.. 11 February 2020. Fain, Elizabeth Finnigan. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Beasley. Jacqui. McCutcheon. Margo. 20 November 2018. Folsom, Ermina Thmpson. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: McArthur. Judith N.. 12 June 2010. Fry, Elizabeth Austin Turner. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Ochoa. Leah LaGrone. 25 June 2019. Goldsmith, Eva. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Taylor. A. Elizabeth. Brannon-Wranosky. Jessica. 11 February 2020. Woman Suffrage. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: White. Taylor. McCutcheon. Margo. 20 November 2018. Houston, Elizabeth Hart Good [Bettie]]. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Bridges. Ken. 20 February 2020. TEXAS HISTORY MINUTE: 100 years of women's suffrage. 2020-08-13. Herald Democrat. en.
- Web site: Harrell. Claydeen Osborn. 5 February 2019. Hunter, Mary Kate. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: O'Hara. Dylan. Brannon-Wranosky. Jessica. 14 November 2018. League, Edith Hinkle. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Enstam. Elizabeth York. 21 October 2019. Mahoney, Nona Boren. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Dixon. Kassie. 15 November 2017. Newell, Perle Potter Penfield. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Cordery. Stacy A.. 19 January 2017. Pennybacker, Anna J. Hardwicke. 13 August 2020. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Moser. Amanda. 19 March 2019. Roper, Mary Withers. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: McArthur. Judith N.. 22 February 2020. Sterling, Florence M.. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Seaholm. Megan. 19 January 2017. Callaway, Sara Isadore Sutherland. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: McCutcheon. Margo. Flores. Daniel F.. 5 May 2019. Walker, Anna Elizabeth Leger. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Rice. Jen. 28 June 2019. How Texas Prevented Black Women From Voting Decades After The 19th Amendment. 2020-08-14. www.kut.org. en.
- Web site: Moyer. Elaina Friar. 25 June 2019. Wolfe, Clara M. Snell. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Votes for Women! - The Battle Lost and Won - Page 4. 2020-08-16. Texas State Library TSLAC.
- Web site: McKay. S.S.. 1 December 2019. Dohoney, Ebenezer Lafayette. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Gibson. Arrell Morgan. 15 October 2019. Fountain, Albert Jennings. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Primary Suffrage in Texas. 2020-08-12. Austin Public Library. en.
- Book: Addams. Jane. Women of the Suffrage Movement: Memoirs & Biographies of the Most Influential Suffragettes: Including 6 Volume History of Women's Suffrage (Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Emmeline Pankhurst, Anna Howard Shaw, Millicent G. Fawcett, Jane Addams, Lucy Stone, Carrie Catt, Alice Paul). Stanton. Elizabeth Cady. Harper. Ida Husted. Shaw. Anna Howard. Fawcett. Millicent Garrett. Pankhurst. Emmeline. Blackwell. Alice Stone. Madison and Adams. 2018. 978-80-268-8478-1. en.
- Detailed Chronology National Women's Party History. Library of Congress: American Memory. 20. t
- Web site: Brannon-Wranosky. Jessica. 6 June 2019. Hayes, Rebecca Henry. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Votes for Women! - The Movement Comes of Age - Page 4. 2020-08-14. Texas State Library TSLAC.
- Web site: Green. George N.. 21 January 2017. Darden, Ida Mercedes Muse. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Bates. Steph. March 2009. Remembering a Texas Suffragist. 2020-08-12. Humanities Texas.
- Web site: Cottrell. Debbie Mauldin. 20 May 2019. Texas Association Opposed to Woman Suffrage. Handbook of Texas Online. Texas State Historical Association.
- Web site: Votes for Women! - The Movement Comes of Age - Page 3. 2020-08-15. Texas State Library TSLAC.