List of wars involving Spain explained

This is a list of wars and armed conflicts fought by the Kingdom of Spain, its predecessor states or in Spanish territory.

Ancient

Conflict! style="background:red" width=170px

Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
Barcid conquest of Hispania(237–218 BC) Battle of Helike Battle of Tajo Location: Iberian Peninsula	IberiansCeltiberians	Carthaginian Empire Carthaginian Iberia	Carthaginian Victory Expansion of Carthaginian Iberia
Roman conquest of Hispania (220–17 BC) Second Punic War Celtiberian Wars Lusitanian War Numantine War Sertorian War Cantabrian Wars Location: Iberian Peninsula, Western Europe, Italian Peninsula, North Africa and Mediterranean Sea	Pre-Roman Iberia Astures Cantabri Gallaec Iberians Celts Aquitanians Arevaci Lusones Lusitanians Vaccaei Vettones Belli Titii Roman popularis exiles	Roman RepublicCeltic tribes vassal to Rome Cynetes Turdetani	Roman Victory Anexation of Iberian Peninsula to the Roman Empire.
Siege of Saguntum(219 BC) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Saguntines	Carthaginian Empire Carthaginian Iberia	Carthaginian Victory Prelude to the Second Punic War
Second Punic War(218–201 BC) Battle of Cissa Battle of Ebro River Battle of Ibera Battle of the Upper Baetis Battle of New Carthage Battle of Baecula Battle of Ilipa Battle of Carteia Battle of Carteia (naval) Part of Punic Wars and Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula, North Africa and Mediterranean Sea	Carthaginian Empire Carthaginian Iberia Allies: Syracuse (214–212 BC) Western Numidia Others	Roman Republic Hispania Allies: Eastern Numidia Syracuse (218–215 BC) Others	Roman Victory Roman conquest of Carthaginian Iberia Carthaginian African territories reduced
Indibilis and Mandonius Revolt(206–205 BC) Mutiny at Sucro Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	IlergetesAusetaniSedetaniCeltiberians Roman mutineers	Roman Republic Hispania	Roman Victory
Iberian revolt(197–195 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Iberian rebels: -Celtiberians -Indigetes -Bergistani -Lacetani -Suessetani -Ausetani	Roman Republic Hispania Ilergetes	Roman victory and re-establishes of control over Hispania
First Celtiberian War(181–179 BC) Part of Celtiberian Wars and Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Celtiberian tribesVaccaei Vettones	Roman Republic Hispania	Roman Victory Rome conquers certain tribes, but allows them to keep autonomy
Second Celtiberian War(154–151 BC) Part of Celtiberian Wars and Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Celtiberian tribes Belli Titii Arevaci	Roman Republic Hispania	Roman Victory Roman influence increases over Celtiberians
Lusitanian War(155–139 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Roman Republic Hispania Celtic tribes become vassals of Rome Cynetes Turdetani	Lusitanian tribes Celtic tribes Vettones Gallaeci Others	Roman Victory Pacification of Lusitania (modern Portugal between the rivers Tagus and Douro and Extremadura, Spain)
Numantine War(143–133 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Roman Republic Hispania	Arevaci Lusones Vaccaei Vettones	Roman Victory Expansion of Roman territory through Celtiberia.
Roman conquest of Gallaecia(132–19 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	GallaeciCelts	Roman Republic Hispania	Roman Victory
Roman conquest of Majorca(123–121 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Balearic slinger	Roman Republic Hispania	Roman Victory
Sertorian War(80–72 BC) Part of Crisis of the Roman Republic and Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Roman popularis exiles Native Iberians Native Celts Native Aquitanians	Roman Senate	Roman Senate Victory
Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) Battle of Ilerda Siege of Corduba Part of Crisis of the Roman Republic Location: Hispania, Italia, Graecia, Illyria, Aegyptus, Africa	Pompeians Optimates Numidia Ptolemaic kingdom Pontus	Caesarians Populares Mauretania	Caesarian victory.
Cantabrian Wars(29–19 BC) Part of Roman conquest of Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Astures Cantabri Gallaeci^[1]	Roman Empire Hispania	Roman Victory
Crisis of the Third Century(235–285 AD) Location: Western Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, North Africa, Middle East	Roman Empire Roman Italy Hispania Roman Illyria Roman Greece Roman Mauretania Roman Libya Roman Anatolia	Roman usurpers Gallic Empire Palmyrene Empire ---- Sasanian Persia----Germanic tribes Goths Alemanni Vandals Carpians	Roman Victory Gallic Empire fails in their attempt to control Hispania (conquered from 261 to 269). Emperor Aurelian re-conquers both the Palmyrene and Gallic Empires, and emperor Diocletian puts an end to the civil war.
Invasions in the West of the Empire(258–260) part of Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire of the 3rd century Location: Western Europe and Southern Europe	Roman Empire Hispania Roman Gaul Roman Italy		Roman Victory and invasion repelled
Roman Civil War (406–411) and Gothic War (408–416)Location: Western Europe	Western Roman Empire Hispania Roman Britain Roman Gaul Roman Italy	Constantine III's Britain Usurpation----Gerontius' Hispanic Usurpation----Priscus Attalus' Italian Usurpation----Barbarians Franks Visigoths Vandals Alans Suebi	Roman Pirric Victory Honorius reunifies the Western Empire, but looses territory to the Germanic peoples. Maximus of Hispania is depossed.
Crossing of the Rhine(406–411) part of Germanic invasions Location: Western Europe and Southern Europe	Western Roman Empire Hispania Roman Gaul Roman Italy Foederati Franks	Sarmatian and Germanic Barbarians Alans Asding Silingi Suebi Roman usurpers	Defeat Start of Barbarian invasions into the Roman Empire.
Invasion of Roman Gallaecia by the Germanic Suebi(409) Part of Fall of the Western Roman Empire Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania Lusitania	Germanics Suebi Quadi Marcomanni Buri	Defeat Kingdom of the Suebi settled in Hispania (Galicia) by Hermeric.
Invasion of Hispania by the Germanic Vandals (409) Part of Fall of the Western Roman Empire and Germanic Invasions on Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania Lusitania	Germanics Vandals Silingi Hasdingi Sarmatian Alans	Defeat Vandals Kingdoms settled in Baetica and Gallaecia, neart Vandals Alans settled in Lusitania.
Invasion of Hispania by the Germanic Visigoths (410) Part of Fall of the Western Roman Empire and Germanic Invasions on Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania Lusitania	Germanics Visigoths	Defeat Visigothics settles on Hispania.
Visigothic Campaign on Hispania(416–418) Battle of the Nervasos Mountains Part of Germanic Invasions on Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula and Southern France	Western Roman EmpireKingdom of the SuebiVisigoths	Vandals Silingi Alans	Roman-Visigothic Victory Wallia got a Visigothic settlement in Aquitania by the Romans, leaving Hispania.
War between The Suevi and the Hasdingi Vandals(419) Part of Germanic Invasions on Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Suebi Hispania	Hasdingi Vandals	Roman-Suevi Victory
Vandal War in Hispania(422) Battle of Tarraco Part of Germanic Invasions on Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania	Hasdingi VandalsSarmatian Alans	Roman defeat Vandals get control of Baetica
Vandal pirate incursions on the Mediterranean^[2] (424–429) Location: Iberian Peninsula, North Africa and Balearic Islands	Hispania Hispania Balearica Mauretania Tingitana	Hasdingi Vandals	Vandal success in their piracy activities.
War between the Alans and the Suevi(428) Battle of Mérida (428) Part of Germanic Invasions on Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Suebi Hispania	Sarmatian Alans	Defeat at the Battle of Mérida.
War between the Visigoths and the Vandal–Alanic alliance(429) Part of Germanic Invasions on Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Visigothic Kingdom	VandalsSarmatian Alans	Visigoth victory Vandals and Alans move to North Africa, then stablish Vandal Kingdom.
Bagaudae Revolts(284–456)	Western Roman Empire Roman Gaul Hispania (since 441)	Bagaudae Peasant rebels Germanic tribes Suebi	Roman victory
Gothic War in Spain (456) Battle of Órbigo (456) Part of Germanic Wars and Germanic Invasions on Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Western Roman Empire Visigothic KingdomBurgundians Franks	Suebi	Visigothic victory Sack of Braga
Gothic War (457–458) Battle of Arelate Part of Gothic Wars and Germanic Invasions on Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula and Gallia	Western Roman Empire	Visigothic Kingdom	Roman Victory Visigoths had to relinquish their recent conquests in Hispania and return to federal status
Roman reconquest of Hispania(459–461) Battle of Cartagena (461) part of Vandalic Wars Location: Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean Sea	Western Roman EmpireHuns	SuebiVandal Kingdom	Inconclusive Victory against Suebi. Majorian reconquers Hispania for Romans for the last time, but his final campaign against the Vandals is cancelled. Vandals conquer Balearic Islands.
Visigoth invasion of Hispania (461) Paer of Germanic Invasions on Hispania Location: Iberian Peninsula	Hispania	Visigothic Kingdom	Indecisive
Visigoth conquest of Hispania(469–474) Part of Germanic Invasions on Hispania and Fall of the Western Roman Empire Location: Iberian Peninsula	HispaniaSuebi	Visigothic Kingdom	Visigoth victory Roman empire, Julius Nepos recognise the conquests of Euric, Visigoth Lord of Hispania.

Notes and References

1. http://attalus.org/translate/orosius6B.html#21 Orosius, Histories against the Pagans, vi.21
2. Book: Álvarez Jiménez, David . El reino pirata de los vándalos . 2016 . Editorial Universidad de Sevilla . 978-84-472-1851-6 . 18 April 2024 . 18 April 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240418031834/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=697486 . live .
3. Wise Bauer, Susan (2010). The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W. W. Norton & Company. p. 369.
4. Dupuy, R. Ernest; Dupuy, Trevor N. (1986). The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 B.C. to the Present (2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Row Publishers.
5. Thomas F. Glick. Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages. (Princeton, Princeton University Press), p. 38
6. [Abbasid–Carolingian alliance]
7. Book: Solmi, Arrigo . Studi storici sulle istituzioni della Sardegna nel medio evo . 1917 . Presso la Società storica sarda . it.
8. Book: War. 9781405347785. D. K. October 2009. Dorling Kindersley Limited .
9. Book: Devic . Claude (1670-1734) Auteur du texte . Histoire générale de Languedoc : avec des notes et les pièces justificatives, composée sur les auteurs et les titres originaux.... T. 4 / par dom Claude de Vic et dom Vaissète,... ; commentée et continuée jusqu'en 1830, et augmentée d'un grand nombre de chartes et de documens inédits par M. le chev. Al. Du Mège... . Vaissette . Joseph (1685-1756) Auteur du texte . Du Mège . Alexandre (1780-1862) Auteur du texte . 1840–1846 . EN.
10. Book: Catalans . Institut d'Estudis . Tractats i negociacions diplomàtiques de Catalunya i de la Corona catalanoaragonesa a l'edat mitjana: Volum: 1.1. Tractats i negociacions diplomàtiques amb Occitània, França i els estats italians, 1067-1213 . Històrico-Arqueològica . Secció . 2009-08-19 . Institut d'Estudis Catalans . 978-84-92583-78-2 . ca.
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14. https://academica-e.unavarra.es/entities/publication/114c387b-181b-4636-81f4-f97eb3a87e00 La violencia en Gascuña y los enfrentamientos anglo-navarros (siglos XIII y XIV). Aparicio Rosillo, Susana
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30. Mestre i Campi, Jesús (Dir.). Diccionari d'Història de Catalunya. Edicions 62, 1998, pp. 658–659, entrada: «Martí I».
31. Vilar, Pierre (Dir.); Batlle, Carme. Història de Catalunya. Volum III. Barcelona: Edicions 62, 1988.
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37. Bell, Adrian. "English Members of the Order of the Passion: Their Political, Diplomatic and Military Significance". In Philippe de Mézières and His Age, (Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2012) doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004211445_018 "whether his influence encouraged the involvement of an English force at the battle of Nicopolis in 1396"
38. Belhatem, Romaissa, and Fatima Maameri. "British foreign policy towards the Ottoman empire." (2019). p.6. "In fact, the English contributed a thousand crusaders under Lord Huntington"
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50. Osmanlı Kaynaklarına Göre Fatih Sultan Mehmed'in Siyasi ve Askeri Faaliyeti Selahattin Tansel
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68. Norwegian nobles supported, fought and send troops to aid in the war.
69. Web site: Политический кризис в Чехии в первой четверти XVII в. и начало Тридцатилетней войны . 2024-07-15 . www.dslib.net.
70. Book: Levy, Jack S. . War in the Modern Great Power System: 1495–1975 . 15 July 2014 . University Press of Kentucky . 9780813163659 . Google Books . 18 June 2023 . 23 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240523013837/https://books.google.com/books?id=8cEfBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA89#v=onepage&q&f=false . live .
71. Web site: MÉXICO EN LA CONQUISTA DE FILIPINAS . 2023-06-20 . exploramex.com . 24 May 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220524120737/http://exploramex.com/epocaColonial/Mexico%20en%20la%20conq.Filipinas.htm . live .
72. [Ottoman embassy to Aceh]
73. Web site: Tampico . Vladimir Meza El Sol de . La batalla de Cagayán, tlaxcaltecas contra piratas y ¿samuráis? . 2023-06-20 . El Sol de Tampico Noticias Locales, Policiacas, sobre México, Tamaulipas y el Mundo . es . 20 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230620072726/https://www.elsoldetampico.com.mx/doble-via/la-batalla-de-cagayan-tlaxcaltecas-contra-piratas-y-samurais-9475202.html . live .
74. Web site: . 2019-12-14 . Intrigue in Longvek- Iberians in 16th Century Cambodia ⋆ Cambodia News English . 2023-11-15 . Cambodia News English . 15 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231115215828/https://cne.wtf/2019/12/14/intrigue-in-longvek-iberians-in-16th-century-cambodia-2/ . live .
75. Neutrality violated by Holland during the Siege of Huy (1595)
76. Web site: Archived copy . 9 April 2024 . 25 December 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231225081325/https://homepage.ntu.edu.tw/~borao/2Profesores/massacre.pdf . live .
77. Book: Csorba . Csaba . Magyarország Képes Története . Estók . János . Salamon . Konrád . Hungarian Book-Club . 1998 . 963-548-961-7 . Budapest. 62.-64. p.
78. Véronne, Chantal de la (2012). "Saʿdids". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill
79. Abun-Nasr, Jamil (1987). A history of the Maghrib in the Islamic period. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 219–220.
80. Book: Holt . Peter Malcolm . The Cambridge History of Islam . Lambton . Ann K. S. . Lewis . Bernard . 1970 . Cambridge University Press . 978-0-521-29137-8 . 14 November 2023 . 23 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240523013818/https://books.google.com/books?id=y99jTbxNbSAC&pg=PA247#v=onepage&q&f=false . live .
81. Web site: محمد بن أحمد العياشي . 2023-11-14 . مغرس . 21 January 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140121033100/http://www.maghress.com/almassae/162126 . live .
82. 2017-10-23 . Salé au xviie siècle, terre d'asile morisque sur le littoral Atlantique marocain . 10.4000/cdlm.4941 . 2023-11-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171023121123/http://cdlm.revues.org/4941 . 23 October 2017 . Maziane . Leila . Cahiers de la Méditerranée . 79 . 359–372 . 129250942 .
83. Web site: دعوة الحق - جمهورية أبي رقراق . 14 November 2023 . 23 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240523014323/https://habous.gov.ma/daouat-alhaq/item/1670 . live .
84. Filiu, Jean-Pierre (2011). Apocalypse in Islam. Translated by DeBevoise, M. B. Berkeley: University of California Press.
85. Web site: 2016-08-22 . تاريخ تطوان: تسليم العرائش للإسبانيين. . 2023-11-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160822224110/http://www.presstetouan.com/news18494.html . 22 August 2016 .
86. Hayden p.22
87. The Spanish army under Spinola refused to give up the key fortress of Wesel. Hayden p.22
88. Book: Duro, Cesáreo Fernández . El gran duque de Osuna y su marina: jornadas contra turcos y venecianos (1602-1624) . 2006 . Editorial Renacimiento . 978-84-8472-126-0 . es . 15 May 2024 . 15 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240515044726/https://books.google.com.pe/books?id=JLTA2t_73vQC&pg=PA292&lpg=PA292&dq=Osarto+Justiniano&source=bl&ots=S1Ln1Agvk6&sig=ACfU3U1AaBUFhKk8ffmVb7jYyVQckCo4cA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9tMGY546GAxW3JbkGHeltAjQQ6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&q=Osarto%20Justiniano&f=false . live .
89. Book: Juan, Víctor San . Breve historia de las batallas navales del Mediterráneo . 2018-04-15 . Nowtilus . 978-84-9967-936-5 . es . 15 May 2024 . 15 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240515044723/https://books.google.com.pe/books?id=EK5vEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT79&lpg=PT79&dq=Osarto+Justiniano&source=bl&ots=zvuYP5304l&sig=ACfU3U1Q2Zh6qQuBX4q6vvCpxO0hf1143Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi9tMGY546GAxW3JbkGHeltAjQQ6AF6BAg9EAM#v=onepage&q=Osarto%20Justiniano&f=false . live .
90. Jan Glete, La guerra sul mare 1500–1650, Bologna, Il Mulino, 2010, p. 161.
91. Web site: نبرد برای آزادی هرمز . 2023-11-14 . پرتال جامع علوم انسانی . fa . 14 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231114040308/http://ensani.ir/fa/article/126493/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%A2%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C-%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%B2 . live .
92. Web site: History of Ayutthaya – Foreign Settlements – Portuguese Settlement . 2023-07-05 . ayutthaya-history.com . 6 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200706001102/https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Settlements_Portuguese.html . live .
93. Web site: History of Ayutthaya – Essays – Spain . 2023-07-05 . ayutthaya-history.com . 8 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230708103052/https://www.ayutthaya-history.com/Essays_Spain.html . live .
94. Web site: History of Ayutthaya – Historical Events – Timeline 1600–1649 . 2023-07-05 . ayutthaya-history.com . 24 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230724115740/https://ayutthaya-history.com/Historical_Events16.html . live .
95. Parker p.146
96. Thion p.18
97. Kirk p.100
98. Web site: Charles I and the Spanish Plot: Anglo-Habsburg Relations and the Outbreak of the War of Three Kingdoms, 1630–1641. The Anglo-Spanish War of 1625–1630 proved a miserable and ill-led affair for England and wholly unprofitable for English merchants. 2 October 2018. 6 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180806054943/https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt5z67h5rt/qt5z67h5rt.pdf. live.
99. Web site: inabima.org . 2023-11-14 . archive.wikiwix.com . 14 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231114032859/https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http://inabima.org/BibliotecaINABIMA/A-L/E/Epalza,%20Mikel%20de%20(1938-)/Epalza,%20Mikel%20de%20%20-%20Los%20moriscos%20antes%20y%20despu%E9s%20de%20la%20expulsi%F3n.PDF#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url . live .
100. Web site: Rabat República de piratas españoles MV092 . 2023-11-14 . archive.wikiwix.com . 14 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231114032859/https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http://www.elmundo.es/motor/99/MV092/MV092rabat.html#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url . live .
101. Web site: Moriscos de Hornachos y República de Rabat . 2023-11-14 . archive.wikiwix.com . 19 May 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230519152908/https://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/index2.php?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webislam.com%2F%3Fidt%3D12376#federation=archive.wikiwix.com&tab=url . live .
102. Book: Coindreau, Roger . Les corsaires de Salé . 2006 . Eddif . 978-9981-896-76-5 . fr . 14 November 2023 . 18 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231118125429/https://books.google.com/books?id=TaaSQECw4IcC&dq=les+corsaires+de+sal%C3%A9+roger+coindreau&pg=PP1 . live .
103. Book: Dan, Pierre . Histoire de Barbarie, et de ses corsaires: Des royavmes, et des villes d'Alger, de Tvnis, de Salé, & de Tripoly. Divisée en six livres. Ov il est traitté de levr govvernement, de leurs mœurs, de leurs cruautez, de leurs brigandages, de leurs sortileges, & de plusieurs autres particularitez remarquables. Ensemble des grandes miseres et des crvels tourmens qu'endurent les Chrestiens captifs parmy ces infideles . 1649 . Chez P. Rocolet . fr . 14 November 2023 . 18 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231118125432/https://books.google.com/books?id=L2AVAAAAQAAJ . live .
104. Book: Domínguez Ortiz . Antonio . Historia de los moriscos: vida y tragedia de una minoría . Vincent . Bernard . 1993 . Alianza ed . 978-84-206-2415-0 . Alianza Universidad . Madrid.
105. [Lord Wentworth's Regiment]
106. Treaty of alliance between France and Portugal concluded at Paris, 1 June 1641. Davenport, Frances Gardiner: European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies to 1648. Clark, New Jersey: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd., 2012., pp. 324–328
107. [English expedition to Portugal (1662–1668)]
108. Birmingham, p.51
109. Amigo Vázquez . Lourdes . 2019 . Un nuevo escenario de la guerra con Francia. La intervención española en la Fronda (1648–1653) . España . es . Studia historica. Historia moderna . 41 . 1 . 10.14201/shhmo2019411153188 . 198725766 . 10366/142076 . free . 153–188 . 18 October 2023 . 28 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230428174525/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7000940 . live .
110. [Lord Wentworth's Regiment]
111. Web site: 2017-01-05 . دعوة الحق – السلطان المولى إسماعيل . 2023-11-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170105183257/http://www.habous.gov.ma/daouat-alhaq/item/4896 . 5 January 2017 .
112. From 1703 started the Rákóczi's War of Independence as a proxy conflict of the Habsburg-Bourbon conflict during Spanish Succession War. Spanish mercenaries fought in the Hungarian conflict for both sides due to alliances.
113. The Acts of Union of 1707 united the crowns of England and Scotland, forming the Kingdom of Great Britain. For much of the war, Scottish units were under Dutch pay and operated as part of the army of the Dutch Republic.
114. In 1707, the kingdoms of England and Scotland were unified as the Kingdom of Great Britain, sharing a single Parliament at Westminster under the Act of Union 1707. After this, Scottish troops joined their English counterparts in all colonial wars.
115. From H.M.C. Brown to Peter P. Pitchlynn. Re: rumors of a band of Comanches and Apaches of hostile nature gathering. "Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection", Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
116. [Cesáreo Fernández Duro]
117. Web site: Eighteenth Century Death Tolls. necrometrics.com. 17 September 2018. 24 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224509/http://necrometrics.com/wars18c.htm#Quadruple. live.
118. Book: Darkest Hours. 9781590775264. Nash. Jay Robert. 18 May 1976. M. Evans. 22 September 2018. 23 May 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240523014323/https://books.google.com/books?id=3KglCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA772. live.
119. Web site: Eighteenth Century Death Tolls. necrometrics.com. 17 September 2018. 24 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224509/http://necrometrics.com/wars18c.htm. live.
120. Book: Britain in the Hanoverian Age, 1714–1837: An Encyclopedia. 9780815303961. Newman. Gerald. Brown. Leslie Ellen. Graham Cummings. A. J.. Fruchtman (Jr.). Jack. Tasch. Peter A.. 1997. Taylor & Francis. 11 September 2018. 8 November 2023. https://web.archive.org/web/20231108203314/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZhaBz_5OZiUC&pg=PA744#v=onepage&q&f=false. live.
121. Web site: Eighteenth Century Death Tolls. necrometrics.com. 17 September 2018. 24 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224509/http://necrometrics.com/wars18c.htm#AusSucc. live.
122. Web site: Eighteenth Century Death Tolls. necrometrics.com. 17 September 2018. 24 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181224224509/http://necrometrics.com/wars18c.htm#7YrW. live.
123. Web site: Tahití hubiera podido ser española . 2023-06-23 . vivatacademia.web.uah.es . 1 April 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230401135959/https://vivatacademia.web.uah.es/anteriores/n71/docencia.htm#Tahit%C3%AD%20hubiera%20podido%20ser%20espa%C3%B1ola... . live .
124. Expediciones peruanas a Tahití, siglo XVIII . es . Peruvian expeditions to Tahiti, 18th century . Jorge Ortiz Sotelo . Derroteros de la Mar del Sur . 13 . 2005 . 95–103 . 2023-06-23 . 9 June 2007 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070609092803/http://derroteros.perucultural.org.pe/textos/derroteros13/i.pdf . dead .
125. Book: Serulnikov, Sergio. Revolution in the Andes: The Age of Túpac Amaru. Duke University Press. 2013. 9780822354833. Durham, North Carolina.
126. Book: Robins, Nicholas A.. Genocide and Millennialism in Upper Peru: The Great Rebellion of 1780-1782. 19 January 2002. Greenwood Publishing Group. 9780275975692. Google Books. 21 January 2022. 23 May 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240523014324/https://books.google.com/books?id=KJVztUGrC5YC&dq=Tupac+Amaru+Rebellion+1780&pg=PA59. live.
127. [Northwest Indian War]
128. [:ru:Средиземноморский поход Ушакова|Ushakov expedition]
129. Web site: De re Militari: muertos en Guerras, Dictaduras y Genocidios. remilitari.com. 22 September 2018. 30 April 2015. https://archive.today/20150430181943/http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario5.htm. live.
130. [British intervention in Spanish American independence]
131. [Congress of Verona]
132. Web site: 11 June 2006 . Belgian Corps 1832–35 in Portugal's Liberal Wars . 17 February 2013 . 9 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909122527/http://balagan.info/belgian-corps-1832-35-in-portugals-liberal-wars . live .
133. Book: Bullón de Mendoza y Gómez de Valugera, Alfonso . La primera guerra carlista . 1992 . Actas . 978-84-87863-08-0 . 10 November 2023 . 10 November 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231110024816/https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/libro?codigo=98529 . live .
134. Web site: Victimario Histórico Militar . 3 November 2022 . 9 May 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080509084644/http://remilitari.com/guias/victimario6.htm . live .
135. • Book: Evans . Robert . Pogge von Strandmann . Hartmut . The Revolutions in Europe, 1848–1849 . Oxford University Press . 2002-01-03 . 978-0-19-924997-8 . 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199249978.003.0004.
136. [First Italian War of Independence]
137. Web site: Nineteenth Century Death Tolls. necrometrics.com. 17 September 2018. 13 December 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171213222150/http://necrometrics.com/wars19c.htm. live.
138. Magyarország hadtörténete 1. (Military history of Hungary), Zrínyi Katonai Kiadó 1984.
139. [Italian military intervention in Spain]
140. [German involvement in the Spanish Civil War]
141. [Viriatos]
142. Web site: 15 November 2004 . Indonesia 'bugged' Australia . The Age . 10 November 2023 . 7 July 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140707110329/http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/11/14/1100384426722.html . live .
143. News: 19 December 2011 . The Collins allegations | Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability . Nautilus Institute for Security and Sustainability | We Hold That It is Possible to Build Peace, Create Security, and Restore Sustainability for All People in Our Time . 10 November 2023 . 30 March 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230330005523/https://nautilus.org/publications/books/australian-forces-abroad/security-general/the-collins-allegations/ . live .
144. Web site: PM – A look behind the 'Jakarta Lobby' . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 13 November 2023 . 10 November 2023 . 10 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230110042122/https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2004/s1088231.htm . live .
145. Web site: PM – Intelligence analyst blasts the DIO . Australian Broadcasting Corporation . 13 November 2023 . 10 November 2023 . 10 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230110042118/https://www.abc.net.au/pm/content/2004/s1086652.htm . live .
146. Web site: 2013-01-13 . España promete ayuda militar y apoyo logístico a Mali en la guerra contra Ansar Dine . 2023-06-21 . Cuartopoder . es . 5 March 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305031940/http://www.cuartopoder.es/laespumadeldia/2013/01/13/espana-promete-ayuda-militar-y-apoyo-logistico-a-mali-en-la-guerra-contra-ansar-dine . live .
147. https://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/tea/news/east-africa/rwanda-deploys-troops-to-car-under-bilateral-arrangement-3235960 Rwanda deploys troops to CAR under bilateral arrangement
148. News: 2021-04-29. Central African troops and Russian mercenaries accused of abuses in anti-rebel offensive. The New Humanitarian. 2021-05-13. 21 March 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321162249/https://www.thenewhumanitarian.org/news-feature/2021/4/29/the-human-rights-toll-of-central-african-republics-election-crisis. live.
149. Web site: Radical Russian Imperial Movement Expanding Global Outreach . Sahinkaya . Ezel . Galperovich . Danila . 9 May 2020 . . 8 October 2022 . 25 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220325215459/https://www.voanews.com/a/extremism-watch_radical-russian-imperial-movement-expanding-global-outreach/6189020.html . live .
150. https://mondafrique.com/a-la-une/lincroyable-constellation-des-groupes-armes-en-centrafrique/ L'incroyable constellation des groupes armés en Centrafrique
151. https://www.africanews.com/2021/06/07/france-suspends-military-budgetary-support-to-central-african-republic// France suspends military, budgetary support to Central African Republic
152. Web site: Nzilo . Alain . Le Préfet du Haut-Mbomou sous pression : une nouvelle milice d'autodéfense locale, AZANDE ANI KPI GBE, appelle à son départ . corbeaunews-centrafrique . 13 March 2023 . Corbeaunews Centrafrique . 8 July 2023 . 8 July 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230708013753/https://corbeaunews-centrafrique.org/le-prefet-du-haut-mbomou-sous-pression-une-nouvelle-milice-dautodefense-locale-azande-ani-kpi-gbe-appelle-a-son-depart/ . live .
153. News: González . Miguel . 2014-10-22 . El Congreso apoya la misión en Irak . es . El País . 2023-06-21 . 1134-6582 . 21 June 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230621062510/https://elpais.com/politica/2014/10/22/actualidad/1413976311_425791.html . live .
154. News: González . Miguel . 2017-11-25 . Cuando España volvió a la guerra . es . El País . 2023-06-21 . 1134-6582 . 23 May 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240523014911/https://elpais.com/politica/2017/11/22/sepa_usted/1511314446_300199.html . live .
155. https://books.google.com.pe/books?id=ZfpTAAAACAAJ&redir_esc=y Spremić, Momčilo (2005). Balkanski vazali kralja Alfonsa Aragonskog [Spremić, Momčilo (2005). Balkan vassals of King Alfonso of Aragon<nowiki>]]. ^[43]
     • Kingdom of Naples

     (since 1463)

     • Venetian Albania

     |

     • Sanjak of Albania
     • Sanjak of Dibra
     • Sanjak of Ohrid

     (1447–1448)|Albanese victory

     • Ottomans are expelled from the region.
     • Treaty of Gaeta: Albanian Principalities, under the leadershipg of Skanderbeg, are vassals of Alfonso V of Aragon, as King of Naples, since 1451.^[44]

     |-|Aragonese-Venice War (1449–50)^[45]

     Location: Adriatic Sea| Crown of Aragon

     • Kingdom of Naples
     • Herzegovina under Stjepan Vukčić Kosača^{[46] [47] [48]}

     | Kingdom of Bosnia ----|Indecisive|-|Forana Revolt(1450–53)

     • Battle of Rafal Garcés

     Location: Balearic Islands| Kingdom of Majorca

     • NobilityItalian mercenaries

     |Peasants of Part Forana and Artesans of Mallorca|Nobiliary victory|-|Navarrese Civil War
     (1451–64)Location: Iberian Peninsula and Pyrenees| Forces of Charles IV of Navarre
     Crown of Castile| Forces of John II of Aragon
     Crown of Aragon
     County of Foix|Victory for John II of Aragon|-|Battle of Los Alporchones
     (1452)

     • Part of the Reconquista

     Location: Iberian Peninsula| Kingdom of Castile

     • Kingdom of Murcia

     | Emirate of Granada|Castilian victory|-|Catalan-Genoese War(1454–58)^[49]
     Location: Mediterranean Sea| Crown of Aragon| Republic of Genoa Angevin Dinasty|Stalemate|-|Enrique IV war of Granada
     (1455–58)Location: Iberian Peninsula| Crown of Castile| Emirate of Granada|Inconclusive|-|Angevin-Aragonese War (1460–1464)

     • Battle of the Sarno (1460)
     • Skanderbeg's Italian expedition
     • Battle of Troya
     • Part of War of the Neapolitan Succession (1458–1462)

     Location: Italian Peninsula and Mediterranean Sea| Aragonese Dinasty

     • Albanian principalities

     Duchy of Milan

     Papal States| Angevin Dinasty Principality of Taranto|Victory

     • The Spaniard Ferdinand I of Naples is recognized as King of Naples.

     |-|Catalan uprising of 1460-1461Location: Iberian Peninsula| Principality of Catalonia|Catalan elite

     • Catalan Courts
     • Generalitat

     |Inconclusive

     • Capitulation of Vilafranca

     |-|Catalan Civil War
     (1462–72)

     • War of the Remences
     • Mieres uprising
     • Majorca campaign

     Location: Iberian Peninsula| Principality of Catalonia
     Crown of Castile
     Kingdom of PortugalDuchy of Lorraine| Forces of John II of Aragon
     Kingdom of France|Victory for John II of Aragon

     • Pedralbes Capitulation

     |-|Ottoman–Venetian War (1463–1479)

     • part of Crusades of the 15th century

     Location: Morea (Peloponnese), Negroponte (Euboea), Albania, Aegean Sea, Anatolia, Balkan and the Black Sea.|

     Papal States

     League of Lezhë

     Principality of Zeta

     Kingdom of Hungary

     Knights Hospitaller^[50]

     Crown of Aragon

     Kingdom of Naples

     Aq Qoyunlu

     Duchy of Burgundy^[51]

     ^[52]

     Principality of Moldavia

     Kingdom of Croatia

     Duchy of Saint Sava

     Kingdom of France^[53]

     Republic of Ragusa

     Grand Duchy of Lithuania

     Crown of Castile

     Florence

     Karamanids

     Maniots

     Greek rebels||Defeat

     • Treaty of Constantinople (1479)
     • Several Venetian territories captured and annexed by the Ottomans.

     |-|Conflict over the succession of Henry IV of Castile(1465–1474)

     • Second Battle of Olmedo

     Location: Iberian Peninsula| Crown of Castile

     • Supporters of Henry IV of Castile
     • Supporters of Joanna la Beltraneja
     • Supporters of Alfonso, of Castile
     • Supporters of Isabella of Castile

     |

     • Royalist victory of Henry IV against Liga Nobiliaria supporter of Alfonso of Castile during the 1st phase (Farce of Ávila).
     • Inconclussive after death of Henry IV, starting a new phase as the War of the Castilian Succession between Joanna and Isabella.

     |-|Sardinian Revolt (1470–1478)

     • Battle of Uras
     • Battle of Macomer

     Location: Sardinia| Crown of Aragon

     • Viceroyalty of Sardinia

     | Sardinian rebels led by Leonardo Alagon|Victory|-|Aragonese-French conflict over Perpignan(1473–1493)

     • Siege of Perpignan

     | Crown of Aragon| Kingdom of France|Stalemate

     • French militar victory: John II of Aragon fails to reconquer the territory.
     • Aragonese political victory on the Treaty of Barcelona (1493).

     |-|War of the Castilian Succession
     (1475–79)Location: Iberian Peninsula| Isabella Supporters
     Crown of Aragon| Juana Supporters
     Kingdom of Portugal
     Kingdom of France|Peace Treaty

     • Isabella is recognised as Queen of Castile
     • Marriage of Isabella of Aragon and Afonso of Portugal
     • Portugal gains hegemony in the Atlantic south of the Canary Islands
     • Portugal recognizes Castile's claim to the Canary Islands

     |-|Siege of Ceuta (1476)^[54]
     Location: North Africa (Ceuta)| Kingdom of Portugal Crown of Castile (Juana Supporters)|Marinid Sultanate|Victory|-|Battle of Guinea
     (1478)

     • Part of the War of the Castilian Succession

     Location: Africa, Gulf of Guinea (Near Elmina)| Crown of Castile| Kingdom of Portugal|Defeat|-|Ottoman conquest of Otranto (1480–81)Location: Italian Peninsula| Kingdom of Naples Crown of Aragon

     Kingdom of Sicily

     Kingdom of Hungary

     Kingdom of Portugal^[55] | |Victory

     • Ottomans conquer Otranto and gain foothold in Southern Italy
     • Ottoman garrison surrender the city after 13 months

     |-|Granada War
     (1482–92)

     • Part of the Reconquista

     Location: Iberian Peninsula| Castile–Aragon Union
     Military Orders
     European crusaders| Emirate of Granada|Victory

     • Granada annexed by Castile
     • Treaty of Granada (1491)
     • Start of Nasrid–Ottoman relations.

     |-|Flemish revolts against Maximilian of Austria^[56] (1483–92)

     • Part of War of the Burgundian Succession and Mad War

     | Burgundian State

     • Burgundian Netherlands

     Supported by: Holy Roman Empire

     Kingdom of England

     Kingdom of Castile-León

     Papal States

     Duchy of Brittany| County of Flanders

     • Ghent Rebels

     Supported by:
     Kingdom of France

     Duchy of Guelders|Pirric Victory

     • Maximilian I of Austria and Philip I of Castile seizure its authority over most of the Low Countries.
     • Partition of the Burgundian State with France is consolidated in the Treaty of Senlis.

     |-|Pallars War (1484–91)Location: Iberian Peninsula| Castile–Aragon Union| County of Pallars SobiràSupported by:
     Kingdom of France|Victory

     • End of independent counties in Catalonia.

     |-|Mad War (1485–1488)Location: Western Europe, Modern France| Duchy of Lorraine Duchy of Brittany

     Lordship of Albret

     Principality of Orange

     County of Angoulême

     Supported by:

     Holy Roman Empire

     Kingdom of England

     Kingdom of Castile-León| Kingdom of France|Defeat|-|French-Breton War (1487–1491)Location: Western Europe, Modern France| Duchy of Brittany Holy Roman Empire

     Kingdom of England

     Kingdom of Castile-León| Kingdom of France|Defeat

     • Anne of Brittany marries Charles VIII of France

     |-|Ottoman expedition on Granada(1487–1495)

     Location: Western Mediterranean Sea (Iberian Peninsula and Italian Peninsula) | Castile–Aragon Union| Supported by:

     • Emirate of Granada (until 1492)

     |Inconclusive

     • Kemal Reis in 1495 is translated from Western Mediterranean to Eastern Mediterranean by Sultan Bayezid II.
     • Start of Spanish-Ottoman Conflicts.

     |}

     Catholic Monarchy

     Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
     First Italian War (1494–1498) Battle of Seminara Location: Italian Peninsula, Mediterranean Sea	League of Venice: Kingdoms of Spain Duchy of Milan Duchy of Mantua (from 1496)	Swiss mercenaries Duchy of Milan (before 1495)	Victory Forced French retreat
     Spanish conquest of Haiti^[57] (1494–1509) Location: Americas, Caribbean Sea, Hispaniola		Taínos	Victory
     Conquest of Melilla (1497) Part of Spanish campaigns in the Maghreb (1497–1535) Location: North Africa	Castile and Aragon	Wattasid dynasty	Victory
     Rebellion of the Alpujarras(1499–1501) part of Mudejar revolts Location: Iberian Peninsula	Castile–Aragon Union Kingdom of Granada	Muslims of Granada	Victory Rebellion defeated Mass forced conversions of all Muslims in Granada
     Second Ottoman–Venetian War (1499–1503) Siege of the Castle of Saint George Location: Adriatic, Ionian and Aegean Seas	Castile and Aragon		Defeat Venetian strongholds of Modon and Coron fall to the Ottomans Cephalonia and Ithaca to Venice
     Second Italian War (1499–1501)Location: Italian Peninsula, Mediterranean Sea		Duchy of Milan	Victory, French victory over Duchy of Milan French control of the Duchy of Milan Spain and France reparts between them the Kingdom of Naples on Treaty of Granada (1500), deposing Frederick of Naples.
     Ottoman raid on the Balearic Islands (1501)Location: Mediterranean Sea, Balearic Islands	Castile and Aragon	Supported by: Moriscos	Victory
     Third Italian War (1502–1504) Battle of Ruvo Battle of Seminara Battle of Cerignola Battle of Garigliano Campaign of Rosellon Location: Italian Peninsula			Victory Peace of Lyon and Treaty of Blois (1504) Louis XII of France ceded Naples to Ferdinand II of Aragon Division of Northern and Southern Italy between France and Spain
     Guelders Wars(1502–1543) Revolt of Ghent (1539–1540) Location: Low Countries, Frisia	Habsburg: Habsburg Netherlands Spain County of Holland County of Flanders Duchy of Brabant Duchy of Luxemburg---- Imperial Frisia (Saxony) (1514–15)---- Bishopric of Utrecht (1508–28)	Guelders: Duchy of Guelders Groningen & Ommelanden (1514–36) Frisian rebels (1514–23) Jülich-Cleves-Berg (1538–43) Supported by: Kingdom of France---- County of East Frisia (1514–17)---- Utrecht rebel groups (1520–28)	Habsburg victory Guelders, Utrecht, Frisia and Groningen annexed Overijssel and Drenthe detached from Utrecht Jülich and East Frisia remain independent
     Spanish crusade^[58] (1503–12) Capture of Mers-el-Kébir Battle of Mers-el-Kébir Conquest of the Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera Spanish conquest of Oran Spanish conquest of Tripoli Spanish assault on Djerba Capture of Béjaïa Part of Spanish campaigns in the Maghreb (1497–1535) Location: North Africa (modern Maghreb countries), Mediterranean Sea	Crown of Aragon	Kingdom of Tlemcen Hafsid dynasty Hafsids of Béjaïa Wattasid dynasty	Victory Start of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 for the control of Algeria, Tunisia and Mediterranean Sea.
     War of the League of Cambrai (1508–16) Battle of Ravenna Battle of La Motta part of Transalpine campaigns of the Old Swiss Confederacy Location: Western Europe (Italian Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula, Modern France and England)	1508–10: 1510–11: 1511–13: Holy League: Spain Swiss mercenaries 1513–16: Spain Duchy of Milan Swiss mercenaries	1508–10: League of Cambrai: Spain Duchy of Ferrara 1510–11: Duchy of Ferrara 1511–13: Duchy of Ferrara1513–16: Duchy of Ferrara	Defeat
     Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre (1512–1529)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Castile and Aragon		Victory Navarre south of the Pyrenees annexed to Crown of Castile under the Spanish Monarchy. A small portion of Navarre north of the Pyrenees, Lower Navarre, along with the neighbouring Principality of Béarn survived as an independent kingdom, which passed by inheritance to French monarchs.
     Spanish conquest of Puerto Rico (1508–1511)Location: Americas, Caribbean Sea, Puerto Rico		Taínos	Victory
     Spanish conquest of Cuba (1511–13)Location: Americas, Caribbean Sea, Cuba		Taínos	Victory
     Taíno rebellion of 1511 (1511–13)Location: Americas, Caribbean Sea, Puerto Rico		Taínos of Boriken and allies from The Antilles	Victory
     Spanish conquest of the Maya(1511–1697) Location: Mesoamerica and Central America	Spain	Late Postclassic Maya states	Victory
     Spanish conquest of Iberian Navarre(1511–1529) Location: Pyrenees	Spain	Kingdom of NavarreSupported by:	Castilian-Aragonese victory Navarre south of the Pyrenees is annexed to Spain, while north of the Pyrenees to France.

     Habsburg Spain

     Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
     Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 Algiers expedition (1516) Algiers expedition (1519) Capture of Peñón of Algiers Battle of Formentera Siege of Coron (1533–1534) Conquest of Tunis (1534) Conquest of Tunis (1535) Sack of Mahón Siege of Castelnuovo Battle of Preveza Battle of Girolata Algiers expedition Siege of Tripoli (1551) Capture of Béjaïa (1555) Siege of Oran (1556) Raid of the Balearic islands (1558) Expedition to Mostaganem (1558) Battle of Djerba Great Siege of Malta Capture of Tunis (1569) Battle of Lepanto Conquest of Tunis (1574) Location: Mediterranean Sea, Southern Europe, North Africa	Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily Supported by: Holy Roman Empire Malta Republic of Florence Hafsid Kingdom	Ottoman Egypt Ottoman Libya Ottoman Tunisia Ottoman Algeria Supported by:	Inconclusive In North Africa: Ottoman victory In Mediterranean: Spanish Victory
     Spanish-Algerian war (1516–1518) Capture of Algiers Algiers expedition Battle of Oued Djer Expedition to the Moulouya Siege of Tlemcen Part of Spanish campaigns in the Maghreb (1497–1535) and Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 Location: North Africa	Spanish Oran Kingdom of Tlemcen	Regency of AlgiersKingdom of Kuku	Hispano-Zayyanid Victory Khayr al-Din renounced the title of Sultan of Algiers. Then contacted Selim I, offering his allegiance as Beylerbey and obtained Ottoman assistance for the next year.
     Spanish-Ottoman War (1518–1519) Fall of Tlemcen Algiers expedition Spanish assault on Djerba Part of Spanish campaigns in the Maghreb (1497–1535) and Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 Location: North Africa	Spanish Oran Kingdom of Sicily----Kingdom of Kuku	Regency of Algiers	Stalemate: Hayreddin Barbarossa recaptured Tlemcen in December 1518 and is made Beylerbey in 1521. King of Kuku annexes Algiers and reigns there for several years.
     Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire (1519–21) The Night of Sorrows Fall of Tenochtitlan Location: Mesoamerica (ModernMexico)	Spanish conquistadoresIndian auxiliaries Tlaxcala Cempoala		Victory Aztec empire is annexed to Spanish Empire
     Revolt of the Brotherhoods (1519–23) Brotherhoods of Mallorca Location: Iberian Peninsula	Empire of Charles V Kingdom of Valencia Kingdom of Majorca	Germanies	Royalist victory
     Revolt of the Comuneros (1520–21) Battle of Villalar Location: Iberian Peninsula	Empire of Charles V	Castilian rebels	Royalist victory
     Italian War of 1521–1526 (1521–1526) Battle of Pampluna Battle of Noain-Esquiroz Battle of Noáin Battle of Bicocca Siege of Genoa Battle of Sesia Italian campaign of 1524–1525 Battle of Pavia Location: Western Europe (Italian Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula, Modern France and Low Countries)	Spain (1521–1523 and 1525–1526)	Swiss mercenaries (1524–1525) Marquisate of Saluzzo	Habsburg Victory Capture of Francois I of France
     Green Banner Mutiny(1521) Location: Iberian Peninsula, Seville	Kingdom of Seville	Andalusian rebels	Government victory
     Battle of Mactan (1521) Part of Magellan expedition Location: Asia, Philippine Islands	Spain Rajahnate of Cebu	Kedatuan of Mactan	Defeat Visayan kingdom of Mactan Island forces kills Magellan.
     1521 Santo Domingo Slave Revolt (1521)Location: Americas, Caribbean Sea, Hispaniola	Spain	African slaves	Victory
     Moluccas issue(1521–1529) Magellan expedition Loaísa expedition Saavedra expedition Location: Asia, Maluku Islands (modern Indonesia)	Spain Spanish East Indies	Portuguese Malacca	Stalemate Treaty of Zaragoza
     Tidore-Ternate conflicts (1521–1667)^[59] ^[60] Spanish Jailolo-Portuguese Ternate war of 1533 Spanish conquest of Ternate of 1606^[61] ^[62] Location: Asia, Maluku Islands and Philippine Islands	Sultanate of TidoreSupported by: Spain Spanish East Indies Ternatean supporters of Spanish rule (since 1606) Jailolo Sultanate (until 1536) Sultanate of Bacan (1521–1557; 1583–1609)	Sultanate of Ternate Jailolo Sultanate (since 1551) Supported by: Portuguese Empire (until 1605) Portuguese India Portuguese Malacca Portuguese Macau Portuguese Indonesian colonies Dutch Empire (since 1605) Dutch East Indies Sultanate of Bacan (1557–1583; 1609–1667)	Stalemate
     Spanish conquest of the Tarascan empire(1522–1530) Location: Mesoamerica (ModernMexico)	New Spain Indian auxiliaries	Purépecha Empire	Victory Incorporation of the territory into the Viceroyalty of New Spain
     Spanish conquest of Chiapas (1523–1695)Location: Mesoamerica (ModernMexico)	New Spain Indian auxiliaries	Zoque people Chiapaneca peopleIndependent Maya, including: Lakandon Chʼol people Tojolabal people Tzotzil people
     Spanish conquest of Yucatán (1523–1547)Location: Mesoamerica (ModernMexico)	New Spain Indian auxiliaries	Mayan tribes	Victory
     Spanish conquest of Guatemala (1524–1667)Location: Central America	New Spain Indian auxiliaries	Independent indigenous kingdoms and city-states	Victory
     Spanish conquest of El Salvador (1524–1539)Location: Central America	New Spain Indian auxiliaries	Indigenous peoples of El Salvador, including: Chʼortiʼ Maya people Lenca people Mangue people Matagalpa people Pipil people Poqomam Maya people Xinca people	Victory
     Spanish conquest of Honduras(1524 – c. 1539) Location: Central America	New Spain	Indigenous peoples of Honduras, including: Chorotega people Ch'ol Maya people Ch'orti' Maya people Jicaque people Lenca people Pech people Pipil people Sumu people	Victory
     Spanish Expedition to Chesapeake Bay(1526) Location: North America (Modern South Carolina)	New Spain	Hostile Natives----African rebels----Spanish mutineers	Defeat San Miguel de Gualdape is abandoned.
     War of the League of Cognac (1526–30) Sack of Rome Battle of Capo d'Orso Battle of Landriano Siege of Florence Location: Italian Peninsula	Spain (1528–1530) Duchy of Ferrara Duchy of Mantua (1528–1530)	Swiss mercenaries Swiss Guards Republic of Florence (1526–1528) Kingdom of Navarre Duchy of Milan	Victory
     Ottoman–Habsburg wars (1526–1791) Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 Capture of Peñón of Algiers Siege of Vienna Hungarian campaign of 1527–1528 Balkan campaign of 1529 Battle of Formentera Little War in Hungary Siege of Coron Conquest of Tunis (1535) Sack of Mahón Siege of Castelnuovo Battle of Girolata Battle of Alboran Algiers expedition Capture of Mahdia Siege of Oran Ottoman raid of the Balearic islands Expedition to Mostaganem Battle of Djerba Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir Great Siege of Malta Battle of Lepanto Conquest of Tunis (1574) Long Turkish War Battle of Cape Corvo Battle of Cape Celidonia Great Turkish War Location: Eastern Europe, Central Europe, Southern Europe, North Africa, Mediterranean Sea, Indian Ocean, Southeast Asia	Habsburg Dynasty: Archduchy of Austria Kingdom of Bohemia Republic of Genoa Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Non-Habsburg allies: Moldavia Transylvania Tsardom of Russia Cossack Hetmanate (Muscovite and Polish vassals) Holy League Allies: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Duchy of Mantua Order of Saint John	Vassals: Moldavia Transylvania Cossack Hetmanate (Doroshenko's faction) Crimean Khanate	VictoryEnd of Ottoman expansion Decline of both the Ottoman and Habsburg empires
     Hungarian Civil War (1526–1538) Part of Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary and Austro-Turkish War (1529–1533) Location: Eastern Europe and Central Europe (Modern Hungary, Croatia, Romania and Austria)	Western Hungarian Kingdom Hungarian loyals to Ferdinand I Kingdom of Croatia^[63] Supported by: Empire of Charles V Spain Archduchy of Austria Serbian rebels	Eastern Hungarian Kingdom Hungarian and Croats loyals to John I Voivode of Transylvania Supported by: Serbian Despotate Moldavia Ottoman Hungary	Stalemate Hungary was divided into larger Ottoman and smaller Habsburg spheres of influence, as well as a semi-independent Hungarian vassal state of Transylvania. Treaty of Nagyvárad divided Hungary between them. Ferdinand recognized Zápolya as John I, King of Hungary and ruler of two-thirds of the Kingdom, while Zápolya conceded the rule of Ferdinand over western Hungary, and recognized him as heir to the Hungarian throne, since Zápolya was childless.
     Espadán Rebellion (1526) part of Mudejar revolts	Spain Kingdom of Valencia	Morisco	Crown victory
     Narváez expedition (1528–36)Location: North America (modern Southern United States)	New Spain	TocobagaUzita Apalachee Timucua Autes	Inconclusive Spanish troops lost the route after an Hurricane and return by land to Mexico.
     First Austro-Turkish War (1529–1533) 1st Ottoman siege of Vienna Location: Central Europe (Modern Austria and Southern Germany)	Empire of Charles V Spain Archduchy of Austria Electorate of the Palatinate	Moldavia Ottoman Hungary Eastern Hungarian Kingdom	Stalemate Truce of Constantinople (1533). There would be no real peace treaty in the entire sixteenth century. Habsburg-Ottoman sporadic battles continue.
     Spanish-Ottoman War (1529–1541) Capture of Peñón of Algiers (1529) Campaign of Cherchell (1531) Siege of Coron Conquest of Tunis (1534) Conquest of Tunis (1535) Spanish expedition to Tlemcen (1535) Sack of Mahón Pulya Campaign Battle of Preveza Siege of Castelnuovo Invasion of Gibraltar (1540) Battle of Girolata Algiers expedition (1541) Part of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 Location: Mediterranean Sea and North Africa	Empire of Charles V Spain Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sardinia County of Flanders Papal States Kingdom of Portugal (until 1534) Hafsid dynasty Kingdom of Kuku Kabyle people	Regency of Algiers Ottoman Tunisia Kingdom of Tlemcen Banu Rashid Arab irregulars (since 1535)	Stalemate Mostly victories for Ottoman raids, by Hayreddin Barbarossa on Mediterranean sea. Spaniards couldn't install a client Zayyanid prince on the throne in Tlemcen. Algiers is under fully Ottoman control After Habsburg forces conquer the fortress of Monastir, Sousse, Hammamet and Kelibia, Spaniards make Tunisia, under Muley Hassan of the Hafsid dynasty, a Client state.
     Ternatean–Portuguese conflicts (1530–1605) Revolt of Dayal (1533–1536) Jailolo war Spanish expedition to the Moluccas of 1602–1603 Dutch conquest of Tidore Location: Asia, Maluku Islands and Philippine Islands	Portuguese East Indies Ternateans loyals to Portuguese protectorate Spain (since 1580) Spanish East Indies Sultanate of Tidore Sultanate of Bacan	Sultanate of Ternate Sultanate of Jailolo Spain (from 1533 to 1536) Spanish East Indies Sultanate of Tidore Dutch Empire (since 1605) Dutch East India Company	Defeat The Portuguese settlers with their families were forced to leave Tidore for Manila. Stablisment of Dutch-Ternate alliance against Iberian alliance. Response with the Spanish expedition to the Moluccas of 1606.
     Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire (1531–72) Battle of Punta Quemada Battle of Puná Battle of Cajamarca Battle of Vilcaconga Battle of Cuzco Battle of Maraycalla Battle of Mount Chimborazo Siege of Cuzco Siege of Lima Battle of Ollantaytambo Battle of Abancay Battle of Las Salinas Battle of Chupas Battle of Iñaquito Battle of Huarina Battle of Jaquijahuana Location: South America (Modern Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador, southern Colombia, northern Chile and northwest Argentina)	Province of Tierra Firme (until 1537) Governorate of New Castile (until 1542) Governorate of New Toledo (until 1542) Viceroyalty of Peru (since 1542) Indian auxiliaries Cañaris Huancas Huaylas Chachapoya Tlaxcalans Nicaraguas Collaborist Inca nobility Huáscarist (until 1536) Catholized Incas	(until 1535) Atahualpist ---- (since 1536) Pagan resistance	Victory Former Inca lands, after death of Atahualpa, are incorporated into Viceroyalty of Peru. Start of Civil wars between the conquerors of Peru Vilcabamba Inca firms Treaty of Acobamba, thus making a Translatio imperii of the Mascapaicha rights, to rule the "Reynos del Perú" [<nowiki/>[[Tahuantinsuyo]]], from Vilcabamba Incas to the Spanish Kings as heirs of Atahualpa rights. Exploration and conquest of the various dominions and towns of South America by Spain from the Kingdom of Peru.
     Yaqui Wars(1533–1929) Part of Mexican Indian Wars Location: North America	Spanish Empire (until 1821) New Spain ---- (since 1821)---- (since 1896)	Yaqui	StalemateMexican-American victory
     Dutch-Hanseatic Corsair War(1532–1534)^[64] Part of Sont WarsLocation: Baltic Sea and North Sea	Empire of Charles V Habsburg Netherlands Holstein (until 1533) Supported by: Denmark-Norway [Catholics]	Hanseatic League Free City of Lübeck^[65] (since 1533) Supported by: Sweden Denmark-Norway [Protestants]	Military inconclussive, Political Victory Marx Meier successfully sacks the Spanish Fleets on the Baltic and English Coasts while Protestant Reformation still ongoing in Nordic countries, but Hanseatic League start to decline in Northern Europe (in favour of Dutch, Danes and Swedes) and it is isolated of support from the German enemies of Charles V.^[66] The Council of Lübeck, beside the attitude of Jürgen Wullenwever (mayor of Lübeck) accept a Ceasefire offer in March 1534, and also changed sides in the Denmark Succession Conflict and joins to the Count's Feud in favour of Cristian II (so, the conflict ended de facto as both were in the same side in the new Conflict, but legally would continue 4 years more). Also Peace of Stockeldorf with Holstein Dutch and Spanish ships can cross the Øresund Strait and commerce in Eastern Baltic Sea, declining the Hanseatic Monopoly. End of the economical supremacy of Lubeck over the Hanseatic League, and also fall of Jürgen Wullenwever.
     Count's Feud (1534–1536) Battle of Heiligerlee (1536) Part of European wars of religion Location: Northern Europe (Denmark)	Christian II (Catholics) County of Oldenburg Free City of Lübeck Zealand Supported by: Norwegian nobles^[67] Empire of Charles V Habsburg Netherlands	Christian III (Protestants) Schleswig Holstein Sweden Duchy of Prussia Jutland Funen Supported by: Norwegian nobles^[68] Duchy of Guelders	Defeat Consolidation of Reformation in Denmark–Norway and Holstein and Absolutist monarchy. Invasion of Catholic Norway by Protestant Denmark, making Denmark–Norway union.
     Iguape War(1534–1536) Location: Southern Brazil	Spanish EmpireIndian auxiliaries Carijós Guaianás	Portuguese Empire Brazilian colonial forces	Defeat Spaniards retreat from the region of São Vicente, São Paulo
     Expedition of Francisco Vázquez de Coronado(1535–1554) Location: North America	New Spain Indian auxiliaries	Pueblo	Spanish withdrawal
     Sicily Mutiny(1535) Location: Sicily	Viceroyalty of Sicily	Tercio of Sicily mutineers	Rebellion repressed
     First attempt of colonizing Buenos Aires(1536–1541) Location: Río de la Plata Basin (Modern Argentina)	Port of Santa Maria del Buen Aire	QuerandíHelp from: Charrúa Guaraní Chana Timbú	Defeat Indigenous peoples burned down the city in 1539. The Spanish abandon the city and translate to Asunción in 1541.
     Italian War of 1536–1538 (1536–1538)Location: Southern France, Northern Italy and Mediterranean Sea	Swiss mercenaries		Defeat Truce of Nice Savoy and Piedmont acquired by France
     Civil wars between the conquerors of Peru (1537–1554) Great Encomenderos Rebellion Location: South America (Modern Peru, Bolivia, Ecuador and Chile)	Royalists Viceroyalty of Peru	Pizarrists (New Castile) Almagrists (New Toledo) Gonzalists Encomendero	Royalist Victory Governorate of New Castile and Governorate of New Toledo are replaced by Viceroyalty of Peru. Effective establishment of royal authority, to the detriment of the power acquired by the Encomenderos. Effective promulgation of the New Laws to protect natural rights of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Consolidation of Derecho indiano.
     Spanish conquest of the Muisca (1537–1540) Part of Spanish conquest of New Granada Location: South America (Modern Colombia)	Province of Tierra Firme Klein-Venedig Governorate of New Castile Indian auxiliaries Zipazgos of the south	Muisca Confederation Guecha warriors	Victory Muisca Confederation becomes part of the Spanish Empire Foundation of the New Kingdom of Granada after vassal the indigenous peoples of the territory.
     Third Ottoman–Venetian War (1537–40) Part of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 and Italian War of 1536–1538 Location: Mediterranean Sea	Holy League Kingdom of Sicily Knights of Malta	(until 1538)	Defeat
     Spanish expedition to North America (1539–1543) Battle of Mabila Mississippi River battle Location: North America	New Spain Indian auxiliaries Portuguese volunteers	Northern Utina Coosa chiefdom Tuskaloosa Chickasaw	Defeat
     Grijalva expedition to the equatorial Pacific (1539–42)Location: Pacific Ocean	New Spain Governorate of New Castile	Hostile Indigenous peoples Spanish mutineers	Inconsclusive due to the loss of the ship in New Guinea.
     Revolt of Ghent (1539–1540)Location: Low Countries and Germany	Empire of Charles V	Citizens of Ghent	Victory Building of the Castle of the Spaniards (Spanjaardenkasteel)
     Mixtón War (1540–42) part of Mexican indian war Location: North America	New Spain	Caxcanes	Victory
     Tiguex War (1540–41) Part of Mexican indian war Location: North America	New Spain	Tiwa Indians	Victory
     Second Austro-Turkish War (1540–1547) Part of Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526–1568) and Croatian–Ottoman wars Location: Central Europe and Eastern Europe	Habsburg monarchy Archduchy of Austria Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Bohemia Duchy of Styria Duchy of Carniola Spain Spanish Italy	Crimean Khanate Moldavia Ottoman Hungary Eastern Hungarian Kingdom	Defeat Truce of Adrianople (1547) Ferdinand I of Austria and Charles I of Spain recognized total Ottoman control of Hungary.
     Conquest of Chile (1541–1598) Part of Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire (theatre of Qullasuyu) Location: South America (modern Chile)	Spanish Empire Governorate of New Toledo (until 1542) Viceroyalty of Peru (since 1542) Captaincy General of Chile Indian auxiliaries	Indigenous peoples in Chile	Establishment of the Captaincy General of Chile after incorporating the territories up to the Biobío River, avoiding incorporating hostile indigenous people.Beginning of the Arauco War.
     Italian War of 1542–1546 (1542–1546) Siege of Perpignan Siege of Nice Battle of Muros Block of Genoa Battle of Ceresole Battle of Serravalle Location: Western Europe (Iberian Peninsula, Low Countries, England, France)	Spain Brandenburg	Swiss mercenaries Jülich-Cleves-Berg Denmark-Norway (1542–1543)	Inconclusive Treaty of Crépy and Treaty of Ardres
     Spanish expedition to Tidore and Papuan Islands of Ruy López de Villalobos (1542–1543)Location: Pacific Ocean (Modern Indonesia and Papua New Guinea)	Spain Spanish East Indies Sultanate of Tidore	Pirates' nest Gebe on Papuan Islands	Pirric Victory
     1st Communero Rebellion of Paraguay (1544)Location: South America (Paraguay, North Argentina and Eastern Bolivia)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of Rio de la Plata and Paraguay	Communero rebels	Defeat Establishment of Domingo Martínez de Irala as governor by popular election of the Encomenderos.
     Attack on Jailolo(1545) Location: Maluku Islands	Portuguese Empire Portuguese Indonesia Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies Sultanate of Ternate	Sultanate of Jailolo	Defeat
     Arauco War (1546–17th or 18th century) Battle of Quilacura Battle of Andalien Battle of Penco Battle of Tucapel Battle of Marihueñu Battle of Peteroa Battle of Mataquito Battle of Lagunillas Battle of Millarapue Battle of Quiapo Siege of Concepción Battle of Angol Battle of Catirai Battle of Curalaba Destruction of the Seven Cities Location: South America (Modern Chile and Argentina)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (since 1777) Indian auxiliaries Yanaconas Indios reyunos Mapuche allies (Boroano, etc.) Other Cacicazgos	Indigenous people from Araucania and Patagonia: Mapuche Huilliche Cuncos Pehuenche Other tribes	Defeat Spanish Empire renounces the domination of the territories south of the Biobío River and recognizes the independence of the Mapuche tribes of the place. «La Frontera» appears, as a border area between the Captaincy General of Chile and the territory of the Mapuche tribes. Successive peace parliaments between the Spanish Empire and the Mapuche tribes during the conflict.
     Schmalkaldic War (1546–47) part of European wars of religion Location: Central Europe (Holy Roman Empire, Modern Germany)	Empire of Charles V: Spain (Albertines) Kingdom of Hungary Kingdom of Bohemia and other Lands of the Bohemian Crown	Schmalkaldic League (Ernestines) Hesse Electorate of the Palatinate Bremen Lübeck Brunswick-Lüneburg Other German territories	Victory Capitulation of Wittenberg: Schmalkaldic League dissolved, Saxon electoral dignity passed to the Albertine House of Wettin
     The Estates Revolt in Bohemia(1547)^[69] Location: Central Europe (Holy Roman Empire, Modern Czech Republic)	Empire of Charles V Spain	Bohemian rebels----	Victory
     Bayano Wars (1548–82)Location: South America (Modern Colombia)	Peru New Kingdom of Granada	Slaves	Victory
     Chichimeca War (1550–90) Part of Mexican indian war Location: North America (Modern Mexico)	New Spain Indian auxiliaries (Tlaxcalteca, Caxcan, Otomí, Mexica, Purépecha)	Chichimeca (Zacateco, Guachichil, Guamare, Pame)	Defeat
     Spanish-Ottoman War (1550–1560) Capture of Mahdia Siege of Tripoli Campaign of Tlemcen (1551) Capture of Béjaïa Raid of the Balearic islands Expedition to Mostaganem Battle of Djerba Part of German-Ottoman war 1550–1562, Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 and Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco Location: Mediterranean Sea, North Africa and Central Europe (Mostly Hungary)	Knights of Malta Saadi Sultanate	Regency of Algiers Regency of Tunis Kingdom of Beni Abbas Kingdom of Kuku	Defeat Béjaïa under Ottoman rule. Ottomans capture Tripoli. Mahdia was abandoned by Spain. Ottomans temporarily occupy parts of the Balearics. Ottoman supremacy on Mediterranean sea seizured until Battle of Lepanto.
     Italian War of 1551–1559 (1551–1559) War of Parma Siege of Mirandola Battle of Marciano War of Siena Battle of St. Quentin Battle of Gravelines Location: Western Europe (Italian Peninsula, Low Countries, France)	Spanish Empire	Swiss mercenaries Republic of Siena Papal States	Victory Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis Spain is confirmed as the dominant power in Italy France renounces its claim in Italy but wins the Three Bishoprics (Metz, Toul and Verdun) in Lorraine and the Pale of Calais from England.
     Second Schmalkaldic War (1552–55)Location: Central Europe (Holy Roman Empire, Modern Germany)	Empire of Charles V: Spain	Hesse Duchy of Prussia Electorate of Brandenburg Principality of Bayreuth	Defeat Extension of the rights of German electors (Cujus regio, ejus religio) Treaty of Passau (1552) Peace of Augsburg (1555) Abdication of Charles V The bishoprics of Metz, Toul and Verdun pass to France Cancellation to Spanische Sukzession
     Third Austro-Turkish War (1552–1559) Battle of Szeged Siege of Temeswar Part of German-Ottoman war 1550–1562 and Habsburg–Ottoman wars in Hungary (1526–1568) Location: Central Europe and Eastern Europe (Modern Hungary and Romania)	Bohemia Habsburg monarchy Archduchy of Austria Kingdom of Hungary Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (until 1556) Spain Spanish Italy	Crimean Khanate Moldavia Eastern Hungarian Kingdom (since 1556)	Stalemate Treaty of Constantinople (1562) Banat became part of the Ottoman Empire.
     Bandeirantes raids from Brazil to Spanish domains (1557–18th century)Location: South America (mostly Amazon rainforest)	Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroyalty of New Granada (since 1717) Viceroyalty of Rio de la Plata (since 1777)	Bandeirantes from Colonial Brazil	Stalemate The Amazon is divided between Spain and Portugal with the Treaty of Madrid (1750), as both countries compromissed to stop and punish bandits expeditions from bandeirantes.
     Spanish-Ottoman War (1559–1565)^[70] Battle of Djerba Sieges of Oran and Mers El Kébir Sack of Granada Great Siege of Malta Location: Mediterranean Sea, Iberian Peninsula, North Africa	Spain Spanish Italy Kingdom of Sicily Knights of Malta Republic of Genoa Grand Duchy of Tuscany	Regency of Algiers Regency of Tunis Kingdom of Beni Abbas Kingdom of Kuku	Victory Dragut dies in action leading to conflict between remaining Ottoman generals Myth of Ottoman Invincibility in Europe destroyed
     Calchaquí Wars (1560–1667) Part of Spanish conquest of Argentina Location: South America (modern Argentine Northwest)	Spanish Empire Peru Tucuman Governorate Real Audiencia of Charcas	Diaguita Confederation	Victory Conquest of Tucuman.
     French Wars of Religion (1562–98) Battle of Arques Battle of Ivry Siege of Paris Siege of Rouen Siege of Caudebec Battle of Craon Battle of Blaye Siege of Morlaix Siege of Fort Crozon Location: France and Low Countries	Catholics: Catholic League Spain (until 1588)	Protestants: Huguenots Navarre Politiques (since 1588) Tuscany	Inconclusive Uneasy truce. The Edict of Nantes granted the Huguenots substantial rights in certain areas. Paris and other defined territories were declared to be permanently Catholic. Failure of France's enemies to weaken France or to gain territories.
     Spanish-Chiriguana War (1564–17th century)Location: South America (Eastern Bolivia)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of Santa Cruz de la Sierra Governorate of Paraguay	Ava Guaraní people	Victory Conquest of Eastern Bolivia for the Real Audiencia of Charcas.
     Spanish assault on French Florida (1565)Location: North America, Florida	Spain	French Florida	Victory
     Spanish conquest of the Philippines (1565–1575) Capture of Cebu Conquest of Madja-as Battle of Manila (1570) Battle of Bangkusay Channel Siege of Cainta (August 1571) Battle of Manila (1574) Location: Southeast Asia, Philippine Islands	Spain Allied Visayan forces Indian auxiliaries from Mexico (mostly Tlaxcalans)^[71]	Rajahnate of Maynila Macabebe Tondo polity Rahjanate of Cebu	Victory Establishment of the Captaincy General of the Philippines by Miguel López de Legazpi.
     Spanish–Moro conflict (1565–1900) Battle of Cebu (1569) Spanish-Moro Incident (1570) Limahong campaign (1574–1576) Battle of Manila (1574) Castilian War (1578) Jolo Jihad (1578–1580) Mindanao expedition (1596) Cotabato Revolt (1597) Raid of Visayas (1599–1600) Spanish-Moro Incident (1602) Jolo expedition (1602) Basilan Revolt (1614) Kudarat Revolt (1625) Battle of Jolo (1628) Sulu Revolt (1628) Jolo expedition (1630) Lanao Lamitan Revolt (1637) Spanish occupation of Jolo (1638–1646) Battle of Punta Flechas (1638) Sultan Bungsu Revolt (1638) Mindanao Revolt (1638) Lanao Revolt (1639) Sultan Salibansa Revolt (1639) Corralat Revolt (1649) Spanish-Moro Incident (1876) Location: Southeast Asia, Southern Philippine Islands and Borneo Island	Spanish Empire Captaincy General of the Philippines	Sultanate of Sulu Sultanate of Maguindanao Confederation of sultanates in LanaoSupported by: Sultanate of Ternate Bruneian empire Dutch East India Company	Stalemate Failure to conquer the Moros, but seizure of Spanish East Indies. Start of Sino-Spanish conflicts due to Spanish attacks on Chinese tributary states.
     Philippine revolts against Spain (1567–1872) Dagami revolt (1567) Tagalog Revolt (1574) Pampanga Revolt (1585) Tondo Conspiracy (1587) Dingras Revolt (1589) Cagayan Revolt (1589) Magalat revolt (1596) Igorot revolt (1601) Sangley Rebellion (1603) Caquenga's Revolt (1607) Irraya or Gaddang Revolt (1621) Tamblot uprising (1621–1622) Bankaw revolt (1621–1622) Itneg Revolt (1625–1627) Second Chinese Insurrection (1639–1640) Ladia Revolt (1643) Sumuroy Revolt (1649–1650) Maniago Revolt (1660–1661) Malong Revolt (1660–1661) Almazan Revolt (January 1661) Chinese Revolt (1662) Panay Revolt (1663) Zambal Revolt (1681–1683) Dagohoy Rebellion (1744–1829) Agrarian Revolt (1745) Silang Revolt (1762–1763) Palaris Revolt (1762–1765) Basi Revolt (1807) Novales Revolt (1823) Palmero Conspiracy (1828) Pule Revolt (1840–1841) Cavite mutiny (1872) Location: Philippines	New Spain Filipino loyalists	Filipino rebel groups Muslim resistance Bruneian and Ottoman supporters Japanese and Chinese supporters	Victory Most revolts failed
     Spanish expeditions to the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu (1567–1606) First Spanish expedition to Solomon Location: Oceania (Mostly Polynesia)	Spanish Empire Peru Philippines	Hostile inhabitants of Polynesia	Stalemate Failed colonization attempts due to disease and belligerence of the inhabitants, as well as war crimes by explorers that discouraged the enterprise.
     Battle of Maracapana (1567/68)Location: Caribbean Islands	Indian auxiliaries Jirajaran	Kalinago	Decisive Spanish victory, dissolution of the Caribbean alliance and flight of the chief Guaicaipuro to Suruapo to be assassinated in 1569.
     Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (1568)Location: Caribbean Sea, Puerto Rico	New Spain		Victory
     Blockade of Cebu (1568) Part of Portuguese–Spanish colonial rivalry Location: Philippines	Filipino loyalists	Portuguese Empire	Victory
     Eighty Years' War (1568–1648)Western Europe Battle of Oosterweel Battle of Dahlen Battle of Heiligerlee Battle of Jemmingen Battle of Jodoigne Capture of Brielle Siege of Mons Relief of Goes Sack of Mechelen Siege of Middelburg Siege of Haarlem Siege of Alkmaar Capture of Geertruidenberg Siege of Leiden Battle of Delft Capture of Valkenburg Battle of Mookerheyde Siege of Oudewater Siege of Schoonhoven Siege of Zierikzee Sack of Antwerp Battle of Gembloux Battle of Rijmenam Siege of Deventer Battle of Borgerhout Siege of Maastricht Capture of Mechelen Siege of Steenwijk Battle of Kollum Capture of Breda Battle of Noordhorn Siege of Niezijl Siege of Lochem Siege of Lier Siege of Eindhoven Battle of Steenbergen Capture of Aalst Fall of Antwerp Siege of IJsseloord Battle of Empel Battle of Boksum Siege of Grave Siege of Venlo Capture of Axel Destruction of Neuss Siege of Rheinberg Battle of Zutphen Siege of Sluis Siege of Bergen op Zoom Capture of Geertruidenberg Capture of Breda Siege of Zutphen Siege of Deventer Capture of Delfzijl Siege of Knodsenburg Siege of Hulst Siege of Nijmegen Siege of Rouen Siege of Caudebec Siege of Steenwijk Siege of Coevorden Siege of Geertruidenberg Siege of Coevorden Siege of Huy Siege of Groenlo Battle of the Lippe Siege of Calais Siege of Hulst Battle of Turnhout Siege of Rheinberg Siege of Meurs Siege of Groenlo Siege of Bredevoort Capture of Enschede Capture of Ootmarsum Siege of Oldenzaal Siege of Lingen Siege of Schenckenschans Siege of Zaltbommel Siege of Rees Battle of Nieuwpoort Siege of Rheinberg Siege of Ostend Siege of 's-Hertogenbosch Siege of Grave Mutiny of Hoogstraten Siege of Sluis Siege of Lingen Siege of Groenlo Siege of Aachen Siege of Jülich Siege of Bergen op Zoom Battle of Fleurus Siege of Breda Siege of Groenlo 2nd 's-Hertogenbosch Battle of the Slaak Capture of Maastricht Siege of Leuven Siege of Schenkenschans Siege of Breda Siege of Venlo Battle of Kallo Siege of Hulst European Waters Battle of Flushing Battle of Borsele Battle of Haarlemmermeer Battle on the Zuiderzee Battle of Reimerswaal Battle of Lillo Battle of Bayona Islands Battle of the Gulf of Almería Islands Voyage Battle of the Narrow Seas Battle of Sluis Battle of Gibraltar (1607) Battle of Gibraltar (1621) Battle off Lizard Point Action of 18 February 1639 Action of 18 September 1639 Battle of the Downs Battle of Cape St. Vincent Americas Recapture of Bahia Battle in the Bay of Matanzas Capture of Saint Martin Battle of San Juan Battle of Abrolhos Attack on Saint Martin Action of 12–17 January 1640 Dutch expedition to Valdivia East Indies Battle of Playa Honda First Battle of San Salvador Second Battle of San Salvador Battles of La Naval de Manila Battle of Puerto de Cavite	Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands New Spain Peru Portuguese Empire (since 1580) State of Brazil	Dutch East Indies Nassau	Defeat Peace of Münster Independence of the Dutch Republic Spanish retention of the Southern Netherlands
     Morisco Revolt (1568–1571) part of Mudejar revolts Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Granada	Morisco rebelsWith the support of: Regency of Algiers Wattasid dynasty	Victory
     Spanish-Ottoman War (1569–1580) Capture of Tunis (1569) Battle of Lepanto Siege of Navarino (1572) Conquest of Tunis (1574) Location: Eastern Mediterranean Sea (Peloponnese) and North Africa	Spain Spanish Italy Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sardinia Knights of Malta Republic of Genoa Grand Duchy of Tuscany Hafsid dynasty	Egypt Eyalet Regency of Tunis Regency of Algiers Kingdom of Beni Abbas Kingdom of Kuku	Pirric Victory Stop of the Ottoman advance in Europe after the end of its naval superiority. But lost of Spanish conquests in North Africa. Division of the Mediterranean sea into areas of influence: western for Spain (from Iberian Peninsula to Italy) and eastern for the Ottomans (From the Balkans to Anatolia, and North Africa). End of the Spanish-Ottoman proxy conflict for the control of the Mediterranean Sea and Maghreb since 1515.
     Fourth Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573) Battle of Lepanto (1571) Part of Spanish-Ottoman Wars of 1515–1577 Location: Ionian Islands and Aegean Sea	Holy League Spain Kingdom of Sicily Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Urbino Knights of Malta		Defeat Cyprus under Ottoman rule
     Spanish conquest of Mesopotamia(1573–1583) Location: South America, Mesopotamia, Argentina	Peru Río de la Plata and Paraguay Governorate Jesuit missions among the Guaraní Indian auxiliaries	Charrúan ComplexQuerandí Guaraní	Victory Death of Juan de Garay
     Castilian War (1578) Part of Ottoman-Habsburg Wars on Southeast Asia and Spanish-Moro Wars Location: Southeast Asia (Borneo, Mindanao, Sulu)	Spanish Empire Spanish Philippines Indian auxiliaries from Mexico and Peru Bruneians who defected to Spain	Bruneian Empire Sultanate of Sulu Maguindanao Supported by: ^[72] Turks, Egyptians, Swahilis, Somalis, Sindhis, Gujaratis, and Malabars forces Sultanate of Aceh	Status quo ante bellum Bruneian military victory to seize its independence from Spanish Empire. Becoming a city-state until today. Spanish tactical Victory in ending Bruneian empire at sea and its influence on Philippines.
     Expeditions to Chile hostile to Spain during the colony (1578–18th century)Location: Chile	Spanish Empire Captaincy General of Chile	European Pirates and Corsairs (mostly English, Dutch and French)	StalemateMostly repelled
     Second Desmond Rebellion (1579–1583) Siege of Carrigafoyle Castle Siege of Smerwick Part of Desmond Rebellions Location: British Isles (Ireland)	FitzGeralds of Desmond O'Byrnes allied Irish clans	allied Irish clans	Defeat Famine throughout Munster Plantation of Munster
     Revolution of the Seven Chiefs(1580)	Peru Río de la Plata and Paraguay Governorate	Rebel Criollos	Victory
     War of the Portuguese Succession (1580–1583) Battle of Alcântara Capture of Oporto Battle of Salga Battle of Ponta Delgada Conquest of the Azores Location: Iberian Peninsula (mostly Portugal) and Atlantic Ocean	Spain Portugal loyal to Philip of Spain	Portugal loyal to Prior of Crato	Victory The Iberian Union: Acquisition of the Kingdom of Portugal and its colonial possessions by Philip II of Spain
     Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts(1580–89) Part of Ottoman–Portuguese confrontations Location: Africa (East Africa, Swahili coast) and Indian Ocean	Iberian Union Council of Portugal		Victory Portuguese control in the South East African coast restored and Mir Ali Bey captured
     Ribagorza War(1580–91)	Spanish Crown	County of Ribagorza	Victory Fernando de Gurrea y Aragón renounce to his claims in favour to the Crown
     Viltipoco Rebellion(1582) Location: South America (modern Argentine Northwest)	Peru Tucuman Governorate	Omaguacas	Victory
     Conflicts against Pirates in Argentina(1582–1724) Location: Modern Argentina	Río de la Plata and Paraguay Governorate	European Pirates and Corsairs (mostly English, French, Danish and Portuguese)	StalemateMostly repelled The island Martín García remains in Spanish control Foundation of Montevideo
     1582 Cagayan battles (1582)Location: Philippines	Spain New Spain Spanish Philippines Indian auxiliaries from Mexico (mostly Tlaxcalans)^[73]	Wokou (Japanese, Chinese, and Korean pirates)	Victory
     Cologne War (1583–88)Location: Germany	Ernst of Bavaria Prince-Elector, Cologne, 1583–1612 House of Wittelsbach Free Imperial City of Cologne Philip of Spain, and for him: House of Farnese House of Isenburg-Grenzau House of Mansfeld (main line) House of Berlaymont-Flyon and others	Gebhard, Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-Elector, Cologne 1578–1588 House of Neuenahr-Alpen House of Waldburg House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken House of Nassau House of Solms-Braunfels and others	Victory
     Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Battle of San Juan de Ulúa Battle of São Vicente Battle of Cornwall Battle of Santo Domingo Battle of Cartagena de Indias Raid on St. Augustine Singeing the King of Spain's Beard Spanish Armada Spanish Armada in Ireland Watts' West Indies and Virginia expedition Blockade of Western Cuba Raid on Puerto Caballos Action of Faial Action of San Mateo Bay Capture of Recife Raleigh's El Dorado Expedition Action off Bermuda Battle of Las Palmas Capture of Santiago Preston–Somers Expedition Battle of the Guadalupe Island Battle of San Juan Battle of Pinos Capture of Cádiz 2nd Spanish Armada 3rd Spanish Armada Battle of San Juan English Armada Raid on Tabasco Battle of Flores Battle of Flores Capture of Portobello Battle of Sesimbra Bay Battle of Puerto Caballos Raid on Santiago de Cuba Battle of the Gulf of Cadiz Location: British Isles, Low Countries, France, Italian Peninsula, Iberian Peninsula, Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean and Americas	Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands Spanish American colonies Kingdom of Portugal State of Brazil Kingdom of Naples Duchy of Parma Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Savoy Duchy of Castro Order of Saint John co-belligerent French rebels Irish rebels	Ireland co-belligerent France Portuguese rebels	Indecisive Status quo ante bellum Treaty of London
     War of the Three Henrys (1585–1589) Part of French Wars of Religion and Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Location: France	Catholics (Henry I, Duke of Guise): Catholic League Spain	Politiques (Henry III of France): Kingdom of France----Protestants (Henry of Navarre): Huguenots	Militar StalematePolitical Defeat House of Bourbon replaces the House of Valois as the Royal House of France. Isabella Clara Eugenia claims to the throne in the Estates General of 1593 are rejected by Parlement of Paris.
     Revolt of the Lakans (1587–1588)Location: Philippines	Spanish Empire	Tondo polity Tagalog maginoos	Victory Tondo dissolved and became a direct territory under the Spanish Empire
     War of the Succession of Henry IV of France (1589–1594) Part of French Wars of Religion and Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Location: France and Low Countries	Catholics Catholic League Spain Spanish Netherlands	Politiques and Protestants: Huguenots	Military Inconclusive Start of a Franco-Spanish War in 1595 in defense of Catholic resistance remnants. Political Defeat Protestant favorite, Henry IV of France, is recognised as king in most of France after converting to Catholicism, instead of catholic favorite and pro-Spanish, Isabella Clara Eugenia.
     Brittany Campaign (1590–1598) Part of Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) and French Wars of Religion Location: France (Brittany)	Spanish Empire Catholic League	Kingdom of France Huguenots	Inconclusive Spaniards retreated after Peace of Vervins and the claims of succession over the Duchy of Brittany are ignored.
     	Spanish Crown Kingdom of Aragon	Diputación del General del Reino de Aragón	Victory Courts of Tarazona solves Problem of the foreign vice-roy.
     Siamese–Cambodian War (1591–1594)^[74] Location: Southeast Asia (modern Cambodia)	Kingdom of CambodiaSupported by: Spanish Empire Kingdom of Portugal	Ayutthaya Kingdom	Defeat Satha I is destroyed by Siam forces. He then sought a Spanish protectorate, starting Cambodian–Spanish War.
     Luxemburg campaigns (1593–1595) Part of Eighty Years' War and French Wars of Religion Location: Low Countries (Modern Luxembourg and Belgium)	Spain Spanish Netherlands Prince-Bishopric of Liège (1595)^[75]	Dutch States Army Duchy of Bouillon Kingdom of France (1595)	Victory
     Sino-Spanish conflicts(1593–XVIII Century) Location: Philippine Sea	Spanish Empire Philippines	Ming China Kingdom of Tungning Supported by: Chinese in the Philippines^[76] Sultanate of Sulu	Victory Chinese attempts to conquer the islands are cancelled. Anti-Spanish revolts from Chinese colonies in the Philippines are defeated. Pagan chineses are expelled from the islands after Anti-Chinese paranoia on Spanish governors.
     Cambodian–Spanish War (1593–97)Location: Southeast Asia (ModernCambodia)	Spanish Empire Philippines Mexican recruits Kingdom of Portugal Cambodian allies Japanese mercenaries	Cambodia Supported by: Ayutthaya Kingdom Johor Sultanate (Muslim Malay merchants) Kingdom of Champa (Muslim Cham merchants)	Defeat
     Long Turkish War (1593–1606) includes Bocskai uprising Location: Eastern Europe (mostly modern Romania)	Habsburg Monarchy Grand Duchy of Tuscany Duchy of Ferrara Duchy of Mantua Knights of St. Stephen Kingdom of Hungary^[77] Kingdom of Croatia Duchy of Carniola Principality of Transylvania Spain Spanish Netherlands Spanish Italy Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples Zaporozhian Cossacks Serbian hajduks Papal States	Khanate of Crimea	Inconclusive Peace of Zsitvatorok
     Irish Nine Years' War (1594–1603) Siege of Kinsale Battle of Castlehaven Part of Tudor conquest of Ireland and Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604) Location: Ireland (island)	Alliance of Gaelic Irish clans Spain Scottish Gaelic mercenaries		Defeat Treaty of Mellifont (1603) Flight of the Earls (1607)
     Franco-Spanish War (1595–1598) Battle of Fontaine-Française Siege of Le Catelet Siege of Doullens Siege of Calais Siege of Amiens Part of French Wars of Religion and Eighty Years' War Location: France and Low Countries	Spanish Empire County of Burgundy	Kingdom of France Huguenots	Defeat Peace of Vervins
     Acoma War (1598–99)Location: North America	Spanish Empire New Spain	Acoma	Victory
     Spanish-Portuguese conflict on China (1598–1600)Location: China	Spanish Empire El Piñal Captaincy General of the Philippines	Portuguese Empire Macau Portuguese India	Defeat End of Spain's attempts to circumvent the restrictions placed on them from reaching China. Portuguese monopoly on the 16th century China trade seizured.
     Franco-Savoyard War (1600–1601)Location: Northern Italy	Supported by: Spain		Stalemate Treaty of Lyon: Marquisate of Saluzzo goes to Savoy in exchange for territorial cessions in the Alps, blocking the Spanish Road.
     Apache–Mexico Wars (1600–1915) Part of Mexican Indian Wars and American Indian Wars Location: North America	(1600–1716) (1716–1821)---- Mexico (1821–1915)---- (1850–1924)---- (1861–1865)	Apache	Spanish/Mexican victory
     Navajo Wars (1600–1866) Part of American Indian Wars Location: North America	(1600–1716) (1716–1821) Mexico (1821–1848) (1849–1866)	Navajo	United States victory Navajo moved to reservations and United
     Acaxee Rebellion (1601–1603) Part of Indigenous rebellion on Mexico and Central America Location: North America	Spanish Empire New Spain	Acaxee Indians	Victory
     Igorot revolt (1601)Location: Philippines	Spanish Empire Filipino loyalists (Pangasinan, Kapampangan)	Igorot people rebel forces Bontoc Ibaloi Ifugao Ibilao	Defeat
     Dutch–Portuguese War (1602–63) Recapture of Bahia Battle of Abrolhos Siege of Salvador Action of 12–17 January 1640 Part of Eighty Years' War Location: South America (mostly Modern Brazil), Atlantic Ocean, Africa (mostly Modern Angola), Asia (mostly Modern India, China, Indonesia)	Brazilian colonial forces Portuguese Angola Supported by: Spanish Empire (until 1640) Kingdom of Cochin Ming China Hormuz Potiguara Tupis	Dutch East Indies Dutch Brazil Supported by: (until 1640) (until 1640) Johor Sultanate Ternate Ayutthaya Kingdom of Kandy Sitawaka Jaffna Kingdom of Kongo Kingdom of Ndongo Rio Grande Tupis Nhandui Tarairiu Tribe	Pirric Victory Treaty of Hague Formation of the Dutch Empire Causes of Portuguese Restoration War against Spain. Portuguese-Spanish victory in South America and Africa Dutch victory in the east
     Battle of L'Escalade(1602) Location: Geneva, Switzerland	Spanish Empire Duchy of Milan	Old Swiss Confederacy Canton of Geneva	Defeat Savoy fails in their attempt to conquer Geneva, and the Spanish Road is closed in the Western Alps route.
     Sangley Rebellion (1603)Location: Philippines	Spanish Empire New Spain Spanish East Indies Japanese mercenaries	Chinese rebels Sangley	Victory
     Antarctic Expedition of the Armada del Mar del Sur to the South Seas and Terra Australis (1603)Location: South America and Antarctic seas	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile	Dutch corsairs	Inconclusive First western sightings of Antarctica Peruvian presence on Antarctica.
     Moroccan civil war (1603–1627)^[78] ^[79] ^[80] ^[81] ^[82] Location: North Africa, Morocco	Mohammed esh Sheikh el Mamun and Abdallah al-Ghalib II forces from FezSupported by: Iberian Union Tuscany	Zidan Abu Maali forces from Marrakesh----Sidi al-Ayachi rebel forces Republic of Salé independentists^[83] Supported by: Morisco ----Ahmed ibn Abi Mahalli rebel forces^[84] anti-Saadi Marabouts	Military Defeat Death of Mohammed esh Sheikh el Mamun. Independence of morisco Republic of Salé and minor emirates (Illigh, Alawi, Zawiya Dila'iya, etc.). Conflict ceases with Mohammed esh-Sheikh es-Seghir reign. Economical Victory Moroccan Cession of Larache and Mehdya to Spain.^[85]
     Spanish-Barbary Wars (1605–1792) Battle of Hammamet Action of 29 June 1609 Action of May 1612 Action off La Goulette (1615) Action of 3 October 1624 Battle of Larache (1631) Battle of Maâmora (1631) Siege of Larache (1655) Siege of Larache (1657) Siege of Larache (1666) Siege of Oran and Mers el-Kébir (1675–1678) Siege of Maâmora (1681) Siege of Larache (1689) Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727) Siege of the Peñón de Vélez (1702) Siege of Oran (1707–1708) Spanish conquest of Oran (1732) Action of 28 November 1751 Battle of Cape Palos (1758) Siege of Melilla (1774–1775) Invasion of Algiers (1775) Bombardment of Algiers (1783) Bombardment of Algiers (1784) Siege of Ceuta (1790–1791) Algerian reconquest of Oran and Mers el-Kébir (1790–92) Location: North Africa (Barbary Coast)	Spanish Empire Spanish Italy Supported by: Tuscany	Barbary Coast Regency of Algiers Regency of Tunis Sultanate of Morocco Supported by: Barbary pirates	Stalemate and mostly Status quo ante bellum
     Spanish conquest of Ternate and Jailolo (1606–1611)Location: Southeast Asia, Maluku Islands (modern Indonesia)	Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies Filipino loyalists (Boholanos) Sultanate of Tidore Japanese mercenaries	Sultanate of Ternate Moro people Dutch Empire Dutch East India Company	Victory Sultan Saidi Berkat captured by Pedro Bravo de Acuña and exiled to Manila. Mole Majimu took over or received back a number of territories previously held by Ternate, such as parts of Makian, Mayu island, and a section of Morotai. Start of Spanish-Ternatean conflicts until 1660s, through Mudafar Syah I proclamation of Sultan of Ternate with Dutch recognization. The island was divided between the two powers: the Spaniards were allied with Tidore and the Dutch with their Ternaten allies. Spanish colonization until 1663.
     Japanese insurrection in Philippines (1606)Location: Philippines	Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies	Japanese in the Philippines	Inconclusive
     War of the Jülich Succession (1609–1614) Siege of Aachen Location: Germany	1610: Supporting Emperor Rudolf: Principality of Strasbourg Prince-Bishopric of Liège 1613–1614: Supporting Wolfgang William: Spain Palatinate-Neuburg Catholic League	1610: Opposed to Emperor Rudolph: Margraviate of Brandenburg Palatinate-Neuburg Protestant Union 1613–1614: Supporting John Sigismund: Margraviate of Brandenburg Protestant Union	Victory Treaty of Xanten Cleves-Mark and Ravensberg to John Sigismund. Jülich-Berg and Ravenstein to Wolfgang William.^[86] Wesel under Spanish control.^[87]
     Spanish-Ottoman War (1610–1614) Battle of Cape Corvo Rebellion of Osarto Justiniano (1611)^[88] ^[89] Location: Mediterranean Sea and Balkans (near modern Turkey and Greece)	Spain Spanish Italy Kingdom of Sicily Greek and Albanian rebels	Egypt Eyalet Regency of Tunis	Spanish victory
     War of the Montferrat Succession (1613–1617) Location: Italian Peninsula	Supporting the Duke of Mantua: Duchy of Mantua Montferrat Tuscany (1613) Spanish Empire (1613–14)	Supporting the Duke of Savoy: Montferrat Tuscany (1613) (1615–17)	VictoryPeace of Asti
     Dutch-Ternatean invasions of Spanish Tindore (1613–1614)Location: Molucca Sea, Maluku Islands (Modern Indonesia)	Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies Sultanate of Tidore	Dutch Empire Dutch East India Company Sultanate of Ternate Sultanate of Bacan	Victory Dutch presence on Tidore Island ended in 1621.
     Conquest of La Mamora (1614)Location: North Africa (Morocco)		Saadi dynasty	Victory
     Uskok War (1615–1617)Location: Adriatic Sea (near modern Croatia)	Kingdom of Croatia Spanish Empire Kingdom of Naples	Republic of Venice	Victory Treaty of Madrid (1617) Many Uskok pirates executed or exiled Start of Spanish-Venetian War (1617–1621)
     Battle of Cape Celidonia (1616)Location: Mediterranean Sea (near modern Turkey)	Spanish Empire		Victory
     Spanish-Venetian War (1617–1621)^[90] Battle of Ragusa Location: Adriatic Sea (near modern Croatia)	Spanish Empire Kingdom of Naples		Inconclusive due to Conspiracy of Venice.
     Tepehuán Revolt (1616–1620) Part of Indigenous rebellion on Mexico and Central America Location: North America	Spanish Empire New Spain	Tepehuánes	Victory
     Spanish conquest of Petén (1618–1697)Location: Central America		Independent Maya, including: Itza people Kowoj people Kejache people Yalain people Lakandon Chʼol people Manche Ch'ol people	Victory Incorporation of the Petén Basin into the Captaincy General of Guatemala.
     Spanish-Ottoman War (1618–1619) Location: Mediterranean Sea	Spanish Empire		Inconclusive
     Thirty Years' War (1618–48) Bohemian Revolt Battle of White Mountain Spanish conquest of the Palatinate Siege of Bad Kreuznach Capture of Oppenheim Capture of Bacharach Battle of Wimpfen Battle of Höchst Siege of Heidelberg Capture of Mannheim Siege of Frankenthal Siege of Rheinfelden Battle of Nördlingen Part of Eighty Years' War Location: All Europe: Central Europe (modern Czech Republic, Germany, Switzerland, Austria and Hungary), Eastern Europe (modern Romania), Italian Peninsula, Low Countries, France, Scandinavia, Iberian Peninsula, English Channel, Baltic Sea and Mediterranean Sea. Also the Americas	Catholic/Imperials1618–1625 Electorate of Bavaria Catholic League Spanish Empire Kingdom of Hungary 1625–1629 Catholic League 1630–1635 Catholic League Kingdom of Hungary Spanish Empire 1635–1648 Spanish Empire Kingdom of Hungary Supported by: Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth	Protestant/Anti-Habsburg1618–1625 Bohemia Electorate of the Palatinate Transylvania Ottoman Empire 1625–1629 Denmark–Norway 1630–1635 Sweden Brandenburg-Prussia 1635–1648 Sweden Transylvania Supported by: Tsardom of Russia Republic of Venice	Defeat Peace of Westphalia and Peace of Münster
     Bündner Wirren(1618–1639) Part of Thirty Years' War and Franco-Spanish War Location: Switzerland (Grisons)	Grison rebels Archduchy of Austria Spain Duchy of Milan	The Three Leagues	Stalemate Capitulation of Milan The subjugated territories were returned to the Three Leagues after expelling the French, but with restrictions on the sovereign rights of the leagues (the Three Leagues effectively became a protectorate of Austria and Spain). The Spanish representative in the Duchy of Milan was granted a right of supervision over the administration of Graubünden and a right of protection over Catholic subjects. Spain also received permission to recruit mercenaries and the right to use roads and mountain passes. These should remain closed to all enemies of Spain
     Valtellina War (1620–26) Part of Thirty Years' War and Bündner Wirren Location: Switzerland and Northern Italy	Archduchy of Austria Spain Duchy of Milan	The Three Leagues	Defeat Treaty of Monzón France prevents Habsburg total control of Valtellina by soliciting the Papal troops to occupy Valtellina The territory was "definitively" ceded to the Grisons in 1639 with the only condition that the practice of the Catholic religion be respected in this valley.
     Tamblot Uprising (1621)Location: Philippines	Spanish Empire Filipino loyalists	Pagans forces (mostly Boholanos) lidered by the babaylan Tamblot	Victory Repression against Filipino shamans.
     Anglo-Persian capture of Hormuz^[91] (1622) Part of Safavid–Portuguese conflicts Location: West Asia, Strait of Hormuz	Iberian Union Council of Portugal Kingdom of Ormus	Safavid Persia East India Company	Defeat
     War of the Vicuñas and Basques(1622–1625) Location: South America (modern Bolivia)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Basques	"Vicuñas" non-Basque elite (Castillians, Andalusians, Extremadurans, Criollos, Mestizos and Indigenous)	Victory of the Government
     Spanish-Siam War (1624–1636)^[92] ^[93] ^[94] Location: Southeast Asia (modern Thailand)	Iberian Union Spanish East Indies Council of Portugal Macau Goa Malacca	Dutch East India Company	Defeat Dutch hegemony on Southeast Asia.
     First Genoese–Savoyard War (1625) Part of Thirty Years' War Location: Italian Peninsula			Victory France surrenders its claims on Savoy and withdraws its troops from the Piedmont and the Republic of Genoa, stipulated by the Treaty of Monzón^[95] ^[96] Reconquest of some territories in the French Riviera by the combined forces of Spain and the Republic of Genoa^[97]
     Anglo-Spanish War (1625–30) Part of Thirty Years' War Location: Low Countries, Atlantic Ocean (English Channel), Americas (Spanish Main) and Iberian Peninsula	Spain		Victory^[98] Treaty of Madrid Spain seeks and signs peace treaty with England in light of imminent war with France Treaty of Madrid, similar to previous Anglo-Spanish treaty although somewhat less strict regarding trade
     Spanish expedition to Formosa (1626)Location: Modern Taiwan	Spanish East Indies Spanish East Indies	Kingdom of Middag	Victory Spanish establishment in Formosa until Dutch conquest in 1642.
     War of the Mantuan Succession (1628–31) Battle of Veillane Part of Thirty Years' War Location: Italian Peninsula	Supporting the Duke of Guastalla Spain	Supporting the Duke of Nevers Republic of Venice	Defeat Duke of Nevers recognized as ruler of Mantua
     Motim das Maçarocas (1629) Location: Iberian Peninsula	Iberian Union Council of Portugal	Portuguese independentists	Victory
     Salt Tax Revolt (1631–34) Location: Iberian Peninsula (Portugal)		Biscayan rebels	Victory
     Republic of Salé Internal conflicts (1630–1668)^[99] ^[100] ^[101] ^[102] ^[103] ^[104] Location: North Africa	Morisco/Andalusians partySupported by: Spain Ottoman Algiers Zawiya Dila'iya ---- Saadi Sultanate	Hornacheros elite party Supported by: Dutch Republic ---- Alawi	Stalemate Sidi al-Ayachi (pro-Hornacheros Divan) dies after Morisco rebellion, but Al Walid ben Zidan fails to reconquer Republic of Salé for Saadi Morocco. Dila'iya stablish an sphere of influence for a short time during reign of Mohammed al-Hajj ibn Mohammed al-Dila'i. Al-Rashid of Morocco conquers from Dila'iya the Salé territory. Then annex it for Alawi Morocco. Spain fails to make a Protectorate over a Morisco controlled Republic of Salé.
     Naval war on Lake Constance(1632–1648) Part of Thirty Years' War Location: Lake Constance	Austria Bavaria Spanish Empire Milan ---- Old Swiss Confederacy Catholic Cantons	Württemberg Sweden ---- Old Swiss Confederacy Protestant Cantons	Stalemate
     War of Ten Years(1634–1644) Part of Thirty Years' War and Franco-Spanish War Location: Franche-Comté	Spanish Empire County of Burgundy Duchy of Lorraine Electorate of Bavaria	Sweden	Statu quo ante bellum Spain maintains the control of the Franche-Comté, but the region was devastated and in economic ruin.
     Franco-Spanish War (1635–59) Battle of Les Avins Crossing of the Somme Battle of Tornavento Siege of Saint-Omer Siege of Fuenterrabía Battle of Getaria Relief of Thionville Siege of Salses Battle of Cádiz Battle of La Marfée Battle of Honnecourt Battle of Rocroi Battle of Orbetello Battle of Lens Action of 23 November 1650 Battle of Bordeaux Capture of Fort Rocher Battle of Arras Battle of Valenciennes Siege of Dunkirk Battle of the Dunes Part of Thirty Years' War and Wars of Louis XIV Location: Iberian Peninsula (mostly Catalonia), Pyrenees, Italian Peninsula, Northern France, Rhineland, Low Countries, Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea	Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands Spanish Italy New Spain Modena and Reggio (1635–46) (until 1648) English Royalists (from 1657)^[105]	Dutch Republic (until 1648) Duchy of Modena (1647–1649 and 1655–1659) (1635–1637) (1654–59) Principality of Catalonia (from 1640) Kingdom of Portugal (1640–59)	Defeat Treaty of the Pyrenees
     Manuelinho Revolt(1637) Location: Iberian Peninsula (Portugal)	Iberian Union Council of Portugal	Portuguese independentists	Victory
     Spanish campaigns in Lanao (1637–1639) Spanish occupation of Jolo Location: Philippines	Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies	Confederate States of LanaoSupported by: Dutch Empire	Defeat Failure of the conquest and Christianize the Maranao people
     2nd Sangley Rebellion (1639) Part of Sino-Spanish conflicts and Philippine revolts against SpainLocation: Philippines, Luzon	Spanish Empire Spanish Philippines Sultanate of Sulu Jolo Japanese in the Philippines	Chinese rebels Sangley	Victory
     Piedmontese Civil War (1639–42) Siege of Turin Part of Thirty Years' War and Franco-Spanish War Location: Italian Peninsula	Prince Thomas faction	Regency faction	Stalemate
     Catalan Revolt (1640–59) Battle of Cambrils Battle of Montjuïc Naval Battle of Tarragona Battle of Tarragona Battle of Montmeló Siege of Perpignan Battle of Barcelona Battle of Lerida Siege of Lleida Siege of Barcelona Part of Thirty Years' War, Crisis of 1640 and Franco-Spanish War Location: Iberian Peninsula (Catalonia) and Pyrenees			Victory Revolt crushed Treaty of the Pyrenees County of Roussillon and the northern half of Cerdanya ceded to France
     Portuguese Restoration War (1640–68) Siege of São Filipe Battle of Montijo Battle of Vilanova Siege of Badajoz Battle of the Lines of Elvas Siege of Arronches Battle of Ameixial Siege of Évora Battle of Castelo Rodrigo Battle of Montes Claros Battle of the Berlenga Part of Thirty Years' War, Crisis of 1640 and Franco-Spanish War Location: Iberian Peninsula	Castile and Aragon	Kingdom of Portugal Supported by: (1641–59)^[106] (after 1662)^[107]	Defeat Treaty of Lisbon Charles of Spain recognizes the sovereignty of the House of Braganza over Portugal and its colonial possessions^[108] Portugal cedes Ceuta to Castile
     Battle of Mbororé(1641) Part of Portuguese Restoration War Location: South America (modern Misiones Province, Argentina)	Peru Río de la Plata and Paraguay Governorate Jesuit missions among the Guaraní	Colonial Brazil Bandeirantes Tupi people	Victory Portuguese raids stop Guarani people are excluded from forced labour The jesuits gain more autonomy regarding the administration of their missions
     Andalusian alterations(1647–52) Córdoba hunger riot (1652) Part of Crisis of 1640	Four Kingdoms of Andalusia	Peasant rebels	Stalemate The king, aware of the situation, helps the city by buying wheat to make it cheaper and amnestying all the mutineers.
     Neapolitan Revolt (1647–48) Part of Thirty Years' War, Crisis of 1640 and Franco-Spanish War Location: Italian Peninsula		Neapolitan Republic	Victory Revolt crushed
     The Fronde (1648–1653) Part of The General Crisis and Franco-Spanish War Location: France	Parlements (1648–1649) Princes of the Blood (1650–1653) Parti Dévot Spanish Empire^[109]	Kingdom of France	Defeat Revolt suppressed and instauration of Absolutism in France.
     Communera rebellion of Paraguay (1649–1650)Location: South America, Río de la Plata (modern Paraguay)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of the Río de la Plata	Paraguayan comunero rebels	Victory
     Anglo-Spanish War (1654–60) Siege of Santo Domingo Invasion of Jamaica Raid on Málaga Battle of Cádiz Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife Battle of Ocho Rios Battle of Rio Nuevo Part of the Franco-Spanish War and British Interregnum Location: Low Countries, Iberian Peninsula, Atlantic Ocean and Americas (Spanish Main)	New Spain Peru New Kingdom of Granada Royalists of England, Ireland and Scotland^[110]	(1657–59)	Defeat Treaties of Madrid (1667 and 1670) Acquisition of Jamaica, the Cayman Islands, Dunkirk and Mardyck by the Commonwealth of England
     VOC-Tidore war (1653–1654)Location: Modern Indonesia	Sultanate of Tidore Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies	Dutch East India Company	Inconclusive
     Mapuche uprising of 1655 (1655–1656) Part of Arauco War Location: Southern Chile (Araucanía Region)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile	Mapuche rebels	Defeat Beginning of a ten-year period of warfare between the Spanish and the Mapuche, led by Mestizo Alejo. Start a civil war among the Spanish due to the deposition of Acuña from Royal Governor of Chile.
     Chinese piracy incursions and rebellions to the Philippines (1662–63)Location: Philippines	Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies	Koxinga's Chinese-Japanese pirate forces	Inconclusive Koxinga's forces raided effectively several towns in the Philippines, but demanded tribute from the colonial government never accomplished and threatened invasion cancelled due to his death.
     Raid of Tangier(1662) Location: North Africa	Khadir Ghaïlan forcesSupported by: Crown of Spain Saadi Morocco	Portuguese Tangier Supported by:	Stalemate Start of English occupation of Tangier.
     Piracy attacks on Lake Nicaragua(1665–1857) Location: Central America	Spain New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala ---- Nicaragua Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala	West Indies Pirates American Filibusters	Stalemate Piracy and filibustering suppressed by 1857
     Piracy attack on Maracaibo(1666)Location: Lake Maracaibo (Modern Venezuela)	Spanish Empire Captaincy General of Venezuela	French pirates	Defeat
     War of Devolution (1667–68) Part of Wars of Louis XIV Location: Low Countries	Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands ----Triple Alliance: Swedish Empire		Defeat Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668) France gains Armentières, Bergues, Charleroi, Kortrijk, Douai, Veurne, Lille, Oudenaarde and Tournai
     Spanish–Chamorro Wars (1670–99)Location: Micronesia, Mariana Islands (Modern Guam and Northern Mariana Islands)	Spanish Empire Chamorro loyalists	Chamorros	Victory
     Franco-Dutch War (1672–78) Siege of Maastricht Siege of Bonn Siege of Besançon Battle of Seneffe Battle of Stromboli Battle of Augusta Battle of Palermo Siege of Cambrai Siege of Ypres Battle of Saint-Denis Part of Wars of Louis XIV Location: Western Europe (mostly Low Countries and Rhineland), North Sea, Americas, Caribbean Sea	(from 1673) Electorate of Brandenburg-Prussia Lorraine (from 1673) Spanish Netherlands Denmark–Norway (from 1675) (1678)	(from 1674) (1672–74) Bishopric of Münster (1672–1673) Archbishopric of Cologne (1672–1673)	Defeat Treaty of Nijmegen: France gains Franche-Comté Treaty of Westminster
     Second Genoese–Savoyard War (1672–73)Location: Northern Italy	Supported by:		Victory Status quo ante bellum
     Messina revolt(1672–78) Part of Franco-Dutch War Location: Southern Italy	Spanish Empire Kingdom of Sicily Kingdom of Naples	Messina cityPartito dei Malvizzi	Victory
     Siege of Orán and Mers el-Kébir(1675–1678) Part of Spanish-Algerian conflicts	Spanish Empire Spanish Oran	Regency of Algiers	Inconclussive
     Moulay Ismail Ibn Sharif Campaigns (1678–1727)^[111] Conquest of Medhya (1681) Siege of Larache (1689) Siege of Melilla (1694–1696) Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727) Part of Spanish–Moroccan conflicts Location: North Africa	Spanish Empire---- Regency of Algiers ---- English Tangier	Sultanate of Morocco	Stalemate
     Chepo expedition (1679) Location: Central America	Spanish Empire New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala Peru New Kingdom of Granada	Piracy	Defeat. Looting and then burning the town of Chepo, Panama.
     First occupation of Sacramento Colony(1680) Location: Río de la Plata Basin (Modern Uruguay)	Peru Río de la Plata Governorate Tucuman Governorate Paraguay Governorate Jesuit missions among the Guaraní	Colonial Brazil Colonia del Sacramento	Militar VictoryPolitical defeat Spain temporary give back the territory to Portugal in the Lisbon Provisional Treaty of 1681. Then the Treaty of Lisbon (1701) makes it an absolute cession. José de Garro is punished by his actions against luso-Brazilians.
     Pueblo Revolt (1680) Part of Indigenous rebellion on Mexico and Central America Location: North America	Spanish Empire New Spain	Puebloans	Defeat Expulsion of Spanish settlers
     Combat of San Marcos de Arica (1681)Location: Modern Chile	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile	Piracy	Victory
     Spanish-Brandenburg War (1680–1682) Action of 30 September 1681 Location: Atlantic Ocean (Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Caribbean Sea)	Spanish Empire		Victory
     Great Turkish War (1683–1699)Location: Central Europe and Eastern Europe	Holy Roman Empire Habsburg monarchy Bavaria Franconia Swabia Duchy of Styria Royal Hungary Kingdom of Croatia Duchy of Mantua Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Tsardom of Russia Republic of Venice Montenegro Albanian rebels Serbian rebels Greek rebels Bulgarian rebels Romanian rebels Croatian rebels	Ottoman Empire Vassal states Shamkhalate of Tarki	Victory Treaty of Karlowitz Ottoman decline in Europe The Habsburg monarchy wins lands in Hungary, the Principality of Transylvania and the Balkans. Poland-Lithuania captures Podolia. Russia captures the port of Azov. Venice captures Morea and inner Dalmatia. Montenegro gains de facto independence.
     War of the Reunions (1683–1684) Part of Wars of Louis XIV Location: Western Europe (Mostly Low Countries)	Spanish Empire Spanish Netherlands		Defeat Truce of Ratisbon Spain cedes Luxembourg to France Holy Roman Empire cedes Strasbourg to France
     Revolt of the Barretinas (1687–1689)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Aragon	Peasant rebels of Catalonia	Spanish Crown victory.
     Nine Years' War (1688–97) Battle of Walcourt Battle of Fleurus Battle of Staffarda Battle of Sabana Real Siege of Mons Siege of Cuneo Siege of Namur Battle of Marsaglia Raid on Cartagena de Indias (1697) Part of Wars of Louis XIV Location: Western Europe, British Isles, Americas, West Africa and India	Grand Alliance New England Spanish Netherlands Viceroyalty of Peru New Kingdom of Granada Sweden (until 1691)	Wabanaki Confederacy Irish and Scottish Jacobites	Indecisive Treaty of Ryswick Louis XIV recognizes William III of Orange as King of England, Scotland and Ireland France retains Alsace (including Strasbourg) and surrenders Freiburg, Breisach and Philippsburg to the Holy Roman Empire, regains Pondicherry (after paying the Dutch a sum of 16,000 pagodas) and Nova Scotia Spain recovered Catalonia from France, and the barrier fortresses of Mons, Luxembourg and Kortrijk The Duchy of Lorraine was restored to Leopold Joseph from France Spain officially ceded the western third of Hispaniola to France, stablishing the Saint-Domingue colony on modern Haiti.
     Second Brotherhood (1693)Location: Iberian Peninsula	Kingdom of Valencia	agermanats (peasant rebel forces)	Victory
     Siege of Oran (1693) Part of Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and Morocco Location: North Africa (Algeria)	Spanish Empire Spanish Oran Regency of Algiers	Sultanate of Morocco	Algerian-Spanish victory
     Sieges of Ceuta (1694–1727)Location: North Africa	Bourbons (1704–1713)	Morocco Supported by: (from 1707)	Victory

     Bourbon Spain

     Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Casualties
     War of the Spanish Succession (1701–14) Part of Wars of Louis XIV Location: Western Europe, Central Europe, Americas, West Africa, East Indies and India	New France French East India Company Spain loyal to Philip Crown of Castile Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Sicily New Spain Peru Bavaria (until 1704) Duchy of Mantua (until 1708) Cologne (until 1702) Liège (until 1702) co-belligerent:^[112] Kuruc (Kingdom of Hungary) Principality of Transylvania	Austria (from 1702) Hanover (formed on 1707)^[113] (until 1707) (until 1707) British America British East India Company (after 1703) Kingdom of Portugal (from 1703) State of Brazil Spain loyal to Charles Crown of Aragon Spanish Netherlands Danish Auxiliary Corps co-belligerent: Hungarian Royalists Kingdom of Croatia	Political victory for Spain loyal to Philip Military victory for Spain loyal to Charles Treaty of Utrecht (1713) Treaty of Rastatt (1714) Treaty of Baden (1714) Philip is recognised as King of Spain, but once more renounces any claim to the throne of France. Spain and Britain sign the Asiento Spain cedes the Spanish Netherlands, Kingdom of Naples, Duchy of Milan and Sardinia to the Habsburg monarchy, Sicily to the Duchy of Savoy and Gibraltar and Menorca to Britain France recognizes British sovereignty over Rupert's Land and Newfoundland and cedes Acadia and its half of Saint Kitts to Great Britain. The Dutch Republic retains various forts in the Southern Netherlands and annexes a part of Spanish Guelders. Spain cedes the Colony of Sacramento to the Portuguese Empire Catalan constitutions are abolished due to the Nueva Planta decrees as a punishment for the War of the Catalans.
     Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) Battle of Flint River Siege of St. Augustine Apalachee massacre Lefebvre's Charles Town expedition Siege of Pensacola Part of War of the Spanish Succession Location: North America	Spain New Spain	(before 1707)^[114] English America (after 1707) British America Iroquois Confederacy	Defeat France cedes control of Acadia, Newfoundland, Hudson Bay and Saint Kitts to Britain.
     Protests and rebellions of the 18th century in the Viceroyalty of Peru(1700s)	Viceroyalty of Peru	Rebellions of peruleros	Pyric victory of the Viceroyalty authorities. Partial reforms are given to appease the rebels, as well as severe punishments for repeat offender leaders, to prevent future insurrections among the local population. Multiple social groups, dissatisfied with the Bourbon Reforms, would continue to rebel under the motto of "Long live the King, death to the bad government" for an improvement of the Spanish state in its compliance with the colonial pact between subject and monarch, longing for the previous "fueros" and local autonomies of the traditional Monarchy of the House of Austria against the thriving Bourbon Absolutism. First notions of anti-colonial political independence in the most radical groups, usually influenced by the Spanish-American Enlightenment.
     Battle of the Yi(1702) Location: South America, Yí River (Modern Uruguay)	Río de la Plata Governorate Guaraní Tribes	Charrúa Tribes	Stalemate 300 Charrúas died during the negotiations Decisive weakening of the Charrúa forces
     Second occupation of Sacramento Colony(1705) Part of the War of the Spanish Succession Location: Río de la Plata Basin (Modern Uruguay)	Peru Río de la Plata Governorate	Colonial Brazil	Victory Spaniards occupied Colonia del Sacramento until 1715.
     Comanche Wars (1700s–1870s) Part of the Texas–Indian wars Location: North America	Spanish Empire (until 1820)---- (since 1821)---- (since 1836)---- Choctaw Republic^[115] ---- (since 1845)	ComancheOther Indigenous nations	Defeat
     Apache Wars (1700s) Part of Mexican Indian Wars Location: North America	Spanish Empire New Spain	Apache	Defeat
     Siege of Oran (1707–1708)Location: North Africa (Algeria)	Kingdom of Spain Spanish Oran	Regency of Algiers Beylik of Mascara	Defeat Algerians conquers Oran.
     Pablo Presbere's insurrection (1709–1710) Part of Mexican indian war and Indigenous rebellion on Mexico and Central America Location: Central America	Spanish Empire New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala	Talamanca Teribe Cabécare	Victory
     Huilliche rebellion (1712)Location: South America	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of Chiloé	Huilliches of Chiloé	Victory Key encomenderos killed Suppression of the rebellion Encomienda mildened
     Tzeltal Rebellion of 1712 (1712–1713) Part of Mexican Indian Wars and Indigenous rebellion on Mexico and Central America Location: Central America	Spanish Empire New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala	Maya communities	Victory
     Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War (1714–18)Location: Peloponnese, Aegean Sea, Ionian Islands, Dalmatia	Austria (from 1716) Portugal ^[116] Himariotes		Defeat Treaty of Passarowitz Morea ceded back to Ottoman Empire
     War of the Quadruple Alliance (1718–20) Spanish conquest of Sardinia Battle of Cape Passaro Battle of Milazzo Capture of Eilean Donan Castle Battle of Glen Shiel Battle of Francavilla Capture of Pensacola Capture of Vigo Battle of Cape St. Vincent Battle of Nassau Villasur expedition Location: Western Europe, Americas	New Spain Spanish Florida Spanish Texas	British West Indies New France Austria Viceroyalty of Naples Viceroyalty of Sardignia Viceroyalty of Sicily	Defeat Treaty of The Hague: Spain renounces claims to its former Italian possessions. Savoy and Austria swap Sicily for Habsburgs and Sardinia for Savoy.	4,350 killed or wounded^[117]
     Jacobite rising of 1719 Part of Jacobite risings and War of the Quadruple Alliance Location: Scotland	Jacobites Spain		Defeat
     Revolt of the Comuneros (Paraguay) (1721–25/1730–35)Location: South America (Paraguay)	Spanish Empire Peru Río de la Plata Paraguay Jesuit Province	Paraguayan comunero rebels	Victory Paraguayans lose their right to vote for their Cabildo.
     Mapuche uprising of 1723 Part of Arauco War Location: South America (Araucanía, Chile)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru	Mapuche rebels	Victory Parliament of Negrete (1726)
     Anglo-Spanish War (1727–29) Blockade of Porto Bello Siege of Gibraltar Action of 11 March 1727 English Channel Campaign Location: Atlantic Ocean (Caribbean, Mediterranean Sea, English Channel)			Indecisive Treaty of Seville (1729)	20,000 killed (both sides)^[118]
     Spanish-Algerian War (1732)Location: North Africa (Algeria)	Spain	Regency of Algiers Beylik of Oran	Victory Spanish reconquest of Oran Spanish reconquest of Mers-el-Kébir	30 dead
     War of the Polish Succession (1733–38) Bourbon conquest of Two Sicilies Battle of Bitonto Siege of Gaeta Siege of Capua Location: Italian Peninsula, Rhineland, Poland-Lithuania	Poland loyal to Stanisław I Sardinia	Poland loyal to Augustus III	Victory Treaty of Vienna Augustus III ascends the throne of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Bourbon territorial gains. Both Naples and Sicily were conquered by the Spanish Bourbons. France guaranteed Lorraine following death of Stanisław Leszczyński. The Spanish infant, Charles VII of Sicily, founds the House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.	3,000 killed or wounded^[119]
     Spanish–Portuguese War (1735–37)Location: South America, Río de la Plata Basin (Banda Oriental)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of the Río de la Plata	Portuguese Empire State of Brazil	Defeat
     War of Jenkins' Ear (1739–48) Spanish Alarm Battle of Porto Bello (1739) Siege of Fort Mose Siege of St. Augustine (1740) George Anson's voyage around the world Attacks on Fuerteventura in 1740 Action of 8 April 1740 Battle of Cartagena de Indias Invasion of Cuba Action of 14 June 1742 Invasion of Georgia Battle of Bloody Marsh Battle of Gully Hole Creek Battle of La Guaira Battle of Puerto Cabello Battle of Toulon Voyage of the Glorioso Action of 18 March 1748 Battle of Santiago de Cuba Battle of Havana Part of War of the Austrian Succession Location: Americas, Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean (mostly Caribbean and Mediterranean Sea)	Spanish Empire New Spain Cuba Florida New Granada Venezuela Province	British America	Victory Status quo ante bellum British offensive in the Caribbean theatre defeated British invasion of Florida repulsed Spanish invasion of Georgia repulsed Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) leading to Treaty of Madrid (1750) The British suffer 20,000 casualties and lose 407 ships (1739–1741)^[120]
     War of the Austrian Succession (1740–48) Italian Theater Battle of Campo Santo Battle of Toulon Battle of Villafranca Battle of Velletri Battle of Madonna dell'Olmo Battle of Bassignano Battle of Piacenza Battle of Rottofreddo Siege of Genoa Location: Western Europe, Americas, Atlantic Ocean (mostly Caribbean, Mediterranean Sea and North Sea), Pacific Ocean and India	Wabanaki Confederacy Spain Bavaria (1741–45) (1741–42) Sicily and Naples (1745–48) Sweden (1741–43) (1741–42)	British America Iroquois Confederacy Hanover (1743–45) (1742–48) (1741–43, 1748)	Victory Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle Maria Theresa retains the Austrian throne Prussian control of Silesia confirmed Duchies of Parma, Piacenza and Guastalla restored to the Spanish Bourbons	3,000 killed or wounded^[121]
     Dagohoy rebellion (1744–1829)Location: Philippines	Spanish Empire Spanish Philippines	Dagohoy rebel group Boholano people	Victory Pardoned 19,420 survivors and permitted them to live in new villages at the lowlands
     Pima Revolt (1751) Part of Mexican indian war and Indigenous rebellion on Mexico and Central America Location: North America	Spanish Empire New Spain (Spanish Arizona)	Pima Indians	Victory
     Action of 28 November 1751 (1751)Location: North Africa		Regency of Algiers	Victory
     Guaraní War (1754–56)Location: South America, Misiones Orientales (Paraguay-Brazil-Argentina borders)	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of the Río de la Plata State of Brazil	Guaraní Tribes Jesuits Jesuit missions among the Guaraní	Spanish-Portuguese victory. Ratification of the Exchange Treaty. Declaration of the border between Spain and Portugal in South America Treaty of El Pardo. Total abandonment of the eastern missions by the Guarani (Transfer of the Guarani out of the territories ceded to Portugal.). Subsequent Expulsion of the Jesuits from Portugal in 1759 an then of the Expulsion of the Jesuits from Spanish Empire of 1767.
     Mutiny of the Ceclavineros(1755)Location: Spain		Ceclavín	Defeat Ceclavine smugglers continue with their activities
     Seven Years' War (1756–63) Spanish invasion of Portugal (1762) Location: Europe, Americas, West Africa, India, Southeast Asia.	Austria	Hanover Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Iroquois Confederacy Portugal (from 1762) Hesse-Kassel Schaumburg-Lippe	Defeat Treaty of Saint Petersburg (1762) Treaty of Hamburg (1762) Treaty of Paris (1763) Treaty of Hubertusburg (1763) Status quo ante bellum in Europe Transfer of colonial possessions between Great Britain, France, and Spain after French-Indian war.	3,000 killed or wounded^[122]
     Anglo-Spanish War (1762–63) Battle for the Río San Juan de Nicaragua Battle of Havana Action of 31 May 1762 Spanish invasion of Portugal Battle of Valencia de Alcántara Battle of Manila Battle of Vila Velha Action of 30 October 1762 Battle of Marvão Location: Iberian Peninsula, North America (Florida and French Louisiana), Central America, South America (Río de la Plata), Caribbean (Cuba), East Indies (Philippines)	Spanish Empire New Spain Viceroyalty of Peru French West Indies New France Abenaki nation	British America Iroquois Confederacy Portugal Filipino rebels	Defeat Spain cedes Florida to Britain in exchange for return of Havana. Spain received Louisiana from France.
     Silang Revolt (1762–1763) Guagua Revolt Part of Seven Years' War and British occupation of Manila Location: Philippines	Spanish Empire Filipino loyalist	Diego Silang and Gabriela Silang rebel forcesSupported by: Chinese rebels	Victory
     Fantastic War (1762–63) First Cevallos expedition Mojeño War Anglo-Portuguese invasion of the Río de la Plata (1763) Location: Iberian Peninsula and South America (Río de la Plata and Amazon Forest)	Spain Viceroyalty of Peru Viceroyalty of New Granada	State of Brazil	Stalemate Spanish victory on River Plate. In present-day Uruguay, Spanish captured Colónia do Sacramento and advanced into Rio Grande do Sul. The thesis of the Portuguese Empire prevailed that the Guaporé river should serve as a border between the two Empires in the Amazon Jungle on present-day Bolivia. The Portuguese conquered most of the valley of Rio Negro, expelling the Spaniards from S. Gabriel and S. josé de Maribatanas.
     Quito Revolt of 1765Location: South America (modern Ecuador)	Spain Viceroyalty of New Granada	Quito rebels	Victory
     Esquilache Riots(1766) Location: Spain	Spain	Madrid revolters	Compromise The King accept popular demands
     Mapuche uprising of 1766 (1766) Part of Arauco War Location: Chile	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile Mapuche allies----Pehuenche	Mapuche rebels	Defeat
     Louisiana Rebellion (1768)Location: North America	Spanish Empire New Spain Louisiana	Louisiana Creole people	Victory
     Communera Revolution of Paraguay (1770)Location: South America, Paraguay	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Río de la Plata	Paraguayan comunero rebels	Victory
     Capture of Port Egmont(1770) Location: Atlantic Ocean, Falkland Islands	Río de la Plata		Victory Start of Falklands Crisis of 1770.
     Spanish expeditions to Tahiti (1772–75)^[123] ^[124] Location: Pacific Ocean, Polynesia	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of Peru Allied Christianized Tahitians	Pagan Tahitians----Spanish and Peruvian mutineers	Victory, but withdrawal due to anti-clerical policies of Charles III and economical problems in Peru to support the stability of the catholic missions.
     Mutiny of the Barcelona quintas (1773)Location: Spain, Catalonia	Captain General of Catalonia	Diputación de Cataluña	Stalemate Victory of the Absolutist monarchy and failure to restore the Fueros of the Generalitat and Catalan constitutions Partial victory of the rebels in the deposition of the captain general and to avoid the quintas in Barcelona
     Siege of Melilla (1774)Location: North Africa		Morocco Supported by:	Victory	600
     Spanish expeditions against Algiers (1775, 1783, 1784) Bombardment of Algiers (1783) Bombardment of Algiers (1784) Location: North Africa (Algeria)	Kingdom of Naples Tuscany Hospitaller Malta Two Sicilies Portugal	Regency of Algiers	Defeat	500 dead (1775) 26 dead (1783) 53 dead (1784)
     Spanish–Portuguese War (1776–77) Second Ceballos Expedition Location: South America, Río de la Plata Basin	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Brazilian colonial forces	Victory First Treaty of San Ildefonso Portugal remains neutral during the American Revolutionary War
     Spanish expedition to Fernando Poo and Annobón(1778–80) Location: Africa, Gulf of Guinea	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	Bubi people loyal to Portuguese rule----Spanish mutineers of Jerónimo Martín----	Defeat The rebels apprehend the highest authority (Lieutenant Colonel Primo de Rivera), passing command to the second in command, Sergeant Martín. The new chief evacuated the colony, directing the survivors to São Tomé, where he was captured by the Portuguese who restored the Ten. Cor. Primo de Rivera in his position. The Spanish city of Concepción is razed by the native Africans. Due to the adversity of the climate, the tropical diseases that decimated the soldiers, the hostility of the nearby British fleet and the fear of an attack by the Bubi population. The Spanish leave the colony after taking possession in the name of Carlos III of Spain of the Territories of the Gulf of Guinea. Later British occupation of Fernando Poo since 1827 to 1843
     American Revolutionary War (1775–1782) Spain and the American Revolutionary War Western theater of the American Revolutionary War Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War Gulf Coast campaign Naval battles of the American Revolutionary War Anglo-French War (1778–1783) Location: North America, Central America, Atlantic Ocean	United States Spain (since 1779) New Spain Louisiana (since 1778) Canadian Auxiliaries Iroquois Oneida Tuscarora Watauga Association Catawba Lenape Choctaw--------	Loyalists of Thirteen Colonies British Canada Iroquois Onondaga Cayuga Seneca CherokeeGerman Auxiliaries	Victory Treaty of Paris (1783) Britain recognizes the independence of the United States of America and the Thirteen Colonies.
     Anglo-Spanish War (1779–83) Part of the American Revolutionary War Europe & Atlantic Armada of 1779 Great Siege of Gibraltar Action of 14 September 1779 Action of 11 November 1779 Action of 20 November 1779 Action of 8 January 1780 Battle of Cape St. Vincent (1780) Action of 9 August 1780 Action of 25 February 1781 Action of 1 May 1781 Invasion of Minorca (1781) Action of 16 March 1782 Battle of Cape Spartel Louisiana and the Gulf Coast Spanish conquest of West Florida Battle of St. Louis Siege of Pensacola Battle of Arkansas Post Central America Capture of Río Hondo Capture of Cayo Cocina Battle of San Fernando de Omoa Action of 12 December 1779 San Juan Expedition (1780) Battle of Roatán Battle of the Black River West Indies Action of 15 January 1782 Capture of the Bahamas (1782) Action of 17 February 1783 Capture of the Bahamas (1783)	Spain New Spain Captaincy General of Guatemala Captaincy General of Cuba Captaincy General of Santo Domingo Captaincy General of Puerto Rico Viceroyalty of New Granada	British West Indies	Victory Peace of Paris East Florida, West Florida, the Mosquito Coast, Campeche, the San Andrés archipelago and Menorca recovered by Spain; The Bahamas, the island of Grenada, and Montserrat captured by Spain but returned to Britain. Spanish empire achieves its maximum territorial expansion.	5,000 killed or died of disease
     Rebellion of Túpac Amaru II (1780–83) Oruro Rebellion Part of Protests and rebellions of the eighteenth century in the Viceroyalty of Peru Location: South America, Andes (Modern Peru and Bolivia)	Spain Viceroyalty of Peru Peruvian Royalists Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Real Audiencia of Charcas	Túpac Amaru II forces Aymara and Quechua rebels Spanish rebels, mostly peasants, including creoles, mestizos and blacks	Victory	100,000 Indians and 10,000–40,000 non-Indians^[125] ^[126]
     Revolt of the Comuneros (New Granada) (1781) Location: South America, Colombia	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of New Granada	Comunero rebels of New Granada	Victory
     Insurrection of the comuneros of Venezuela (1781)Location: South America, Venezuela	Spanish Empire Viceroyalty of New Granada	Comunero rebels of Captaincy General of Venezuela	Victory
     Cherokee–American wars [2nd phase post-revolution] (1783–1795) Part of American Indian Wars Location: North America (United States, Old Southwest)	Spanish Empire New Spain Louisiana Cherokee Co-belligerent: Northwestern Confederacy^[127]	United States	Spanish withdrawal due to Coalition Wars.Defeat of Cherokees Treaty of Tellico
     Nootka Crisis (1789–1790) Part of Spanish expeditions to the Pacific Northwest Location: North America, Nootka Sound (modern Canada)	Spanish Empire New Spain	British North America (The Canadas) ----Nuu-chah-nulth people---- Russian Alaska ----	Defeat Nootka Convention
     Hispano-Moroccan War (1790–1791) Siege of Ceuta (1790–1791) Location: North Africa	Spain	Sultanate of Morocco	Victory
     Haitian Revolution (1791–1804) Battle of Saint-Raphaël Battle of Gonaïves Part of French Revolutionary Wars Location: Caribbean, Hispaniola	1791–1793 Ex-slaves French royalists Spanish Empire (from 1793) Captaincy General of Santo Domingo 1793–1798 French royalists Spanish Empire (until 1795) Captaincy General of Santo Domingo 1798–1801 Louverture Loyalists 1802–1804 Ex-slaves United Kingdom	1791–1793 Slave owners Kingdom of France (until 1792) French Republic 1793–1798 French Republic Ex-slaves 1798–1801 Rigaud Loyalists French Republic Polish Legions	Defeat
     Huilliche uprising of 1792Location: Chile	Spanish Empire Governorate of Chiloé	Huilliche people of Futahuillimapu	Victory Parliament of Las Canoas
     Algerian conquest of Oran (1792)Location: North Africa (Algeria)	Spanish Empire Spanish Oran	Regency of Algiers	Defeat Spain cedes Oran to Algiers in exchange of economical privileges.
     War of the First Coalition (1792–97) Mediterranean campaign of 1793–1796 Part of French Revolutionary Wars and French Revolution Location: Europe, Mediterranean Sea	Kingdom of France (until 1792) (from 1792) Spain (from 1796) (from 1795) Sister republic Polish Legions (from 1797)	First Coalition: Habsburg monarchy (until 1795) Army of Condé Spain (until 1795) (until 1795) Portugal Sardinia (until 1796) Other Italian states	Victory Peace of Basel, Treaty of Campo Formio Establishment and survival of the French First Republic French annexation of the Austrian Netherlands, the Left Bank of the Rhine and other smaller territories Several French "sister republics" established Hostilities resume in 1798 with the formation of a Second Coalition against France
     War of the Pyrenees (1793–95) Battle of Mas Deu Capture of San Pietro and Sant'Antioco Siege of Bellegarde Battle of Perpignan Battle of Peyrestortes Battle of Truillas Battle of Collioure Capture of Fort-Dauphin Battle of Sans Culotte Camp Battle of Boulou Siege of Collioure Battle of the Baztan Valley Battle of San Lorenzo de la Muga Battle of Orbaitzeta Battle of the Black Mountain Siege of Roses Action of 14 February 1795 Battle of Bascara Part of French Revolutionary Wars Location: Pyrenees, Hispaniola	Santo Domingo French Émigrés	Saint-Domingue	Defeat Peace of Basel The Spanish give up the colony of Santo Domingo in exchange for recovering the lost peninsular territories Second Treaty of San Ildefonso
     French expedition to Sardinia (1792–1793) Part of French Revolutionary Wars Location: Mediterranean Sea, Sardinia	Sardinia Spain (since 1793)	France	Spanish-Sardinian victory
     Federalist revolts(1793) Siege of Toulon (1793) Part of French Revolution and French Revolutionary Wars Location: France	Fédéralistes French Royalists Vendeans Chouans ---- Kingdom of Spain	France Convention montagnarde	Defeat
     East Indies theatre of the French Revolutionary Wars (1793–1801) Raid on Manila Macau Incident (1799) Part of French Revolutionary Wars Location: Asia–Pacific	French Republic French India Spanish Empire Spanish East Indies Dutch East Indies	British East India Company Coalition forces	Defeat
     Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808) Part of French Revolutionary Wars Atlantic Action of 25 January 1797 Battle of Cape St Vincent Action of 26 April 1797 Assault on Cádiz Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife Action of 16 October 1799 Action of 6–7 April 1800 Ferrol Expedition Action of 5 October 1804 Action of 25 November 1804 Action of 7 December 1804 Battle of Cape Finisterre Battle of Trafalgar Action of 4 April 1808 Mediterranean Action of 13 October 1796 Action of 19 December 1796 Capture of Minorca Action of 15 July 1798 Action of 19 January 1799 Action of 6 February 1799 Action of 7 July 1799 Action of 10 December 1800 Action of 6 May 1801 Algeciras Campaign Americas Newfoundland expedition Invasion of Trinidad Battle of San Juan Battle of St. George's Caye Cutting out of the Hermione Battle of Diamond Rock British invasions of the Río de la Plata Action of 23 August 1806	Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Viceroyalty of New Granada Captaincy General of Venezuela Viceroyalty of New Spain Captaincy General of Santo Domingo Captaincy General of Puerto Rico France	British America	Inconclusive Treaty of Amiens (1802) Belligerence resumed in May 1804 Cessation of hostilities and de facto Anglo-Spanish alliance upon outbreak of the Peninsular War (1808) Trinidad ceded to Britain (1802) Menorca returned to Spain (1802)	7,000 killed or wounded (1796–1802)
     War of the Second Coalition (1798–1802) Mediterranean campaign of 1798 Algeciras campaign Part of French Revolutionary Wars Location: Europe, Atlantic Ocean (Mediterranean Sea, Caribbean), Middle East	Polish Legions Denmark–Norway French client republics: Cisalpine Republic Roman Republic (until 1799) Parthenopaean Republic (1799)	Second Coalition: Austria (until 1801) (from 1801) (until 1801)^[128] Septinsular Republic Sanfedismo Grand Duchy of Tuscany Order of Saint John (1798) Malta (1798–1800) French Royalists---- (Quasi-War) (until 1800)	Victory Treaty of Lunéville, Treaty of Amiens Survival of the French Republic Previous annexations by France confirmed Hostilities resume in 1803 between France and Great Britain; Third Coalition later formed against France
     Spanish-Russian War (1799–1801) Part of French Revolutionary Wars Location: North Pacific Ocean and Mediterranean Sea			Inconclusive Treaty of Paris (1801)	0
     War of the Oranges (1801) Portuguese conquest of the Eastern Missions Part of French Revolutionary Wars Location: Iberian Peninsula (mostly Portugal) and South America (mostly Brazil and Río de la Plata)	French Guiana Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	State of Brazil	Victory Treaty of Badajoz Question of Olivença Portuguese territory returned, except Olivenza, and border territories, which remained in Spanish possession France territorial guarantees in Trinidad, Port Mahon (Menorca) and Malta, as well as lands north of Brazil
     War of the Third Coalition (1803–06) Trafalgar campaign Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Europe, Mediterranean Sea and West Indies	French Empire Etruria Württemberg	Third Coalition: Kingdom of Sicily Sweden French counter-revolutionaries French royalists	Victory Treaty of Pressburg Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire Creation of the Confederation of the Rhine Hostilities resume few months later with the formation of a Fourth Coalition against France
     Caribbean campaign of 1803–1810 Battle of Diamond Rock Battle of Palo Hincado Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Caribbean	British America State of Brazil (since 1808) Santo Domingo Cuba Puerto Rico	French Empire French Antilles (until 1808) Santo Domingo Cuba Puerto Rico Dutch West Indies Denmark–Norway (since 1808) Danish West Indies	Coallition Victory West Indies were in total control of British and Spanish naval forces.
     Franco-Swedish War (1805–10) Siege of Stralsund (1807) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Northern Europe	French Empire Holland Denmark–Norway (1808–1809) (until 1808) Division of the North (since 1808)	Sweden Swedish Pomerania Saxony (until 1807)	Spanish retreat of the conflict due to Peninsular War. Evacuation of La Romana's division French victory Treaty of Paris (1810)
     War of the Fourth Coalition (1806–07) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Europe	French Empire Spanish Empire Confederation of the Rhine Bavaria Saxony (after 11 December 1806) Italy Naples Etruria Holland Switzerland Polish Legions	Fourth Coalition: Saxony (until 11 December 1806) Sweden Sicily	Victory Treaties of Tilsit Prussia loses half of its territory Creation of the Duchy of Warsaw Saxony joins the Confederation of the Rhine Franco-Russian alliance Creation of the Continental System Hostilities resume later in 1807 with the commencement of the Peninsular War and expanded in 1809 with the formation of a Fifth Coalition against France
     British invasions of the River Plate (1806–1807) 1st Battle of Buenos Aires Battle of Perdriel Battle of Cardal Battle of Montevideo (1807) Battle of Colonia del Sacramento (1807) Action of 2 June 1807 Battle of San Pedro (1807) Battle of Miserere 2nd Battle of Buenos Aires Part of Anglo-Spanish War (1796–1808) and Napoleonic Wars Location: Río de la Plata Basin (Modern Argentina and Uruguay)	Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Buenos Aires Intendency Montevideo Government		Spanish-Rioplatense Victory
     Invasion of Portugal (1807) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Iberian Peninsula	French Empire		Victory Franco-Spanish occupation of Portugal Transfer of the Portuguese court to Brazil Start of French occupation of Spain
     English Wars (Scandinavia) (1807–1814) Part of Napoleonic Wars and Gunboat War Location: Northern Europe	Denmark–Norway Supported by: French Empire (until 1808)	Supported by: Sweden	Spanish retreat of the conflict after Evacuation of La Romana's division. Start of "Huéscar-Danish War".Anglo-Swedish Victory
     Peninsular War (1808–14) Part of Napoleonic Wars Battle of Évora Dos de Mayo Uprising Combat of El Bruch Battle of Alcolea Bridge Battle of Cabezón Battle of Gerona Evacuation of the La Romana Division First Siege of Zaragoza Second Siege of Gerona Battle of Medina de Rioseco Battle of Valencia Capture of the Rosily Squadron Battle of Bailén Battle of Valmaseda Battle of Burgos Siege of Roses Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros Battle of Tudela Battle of Somosierra Battle of Cardadeu Battle of Molins de Rey Second Siege of Zaragoza Battle of Castellón Battle of Mansilla Battle of Villafranca Battle of Puente Sanpayo Battle of Uclés Battle of Miajadas Battle of Los Yébenes Battle of Ciudad Real Battle of Medellín Battle of Talavera Battle of Arzobispo Battle of Almonacid Battle of Puerto de Baños Battle of Tamames Battle of Ocaña Battle of Carpio Battle of Alba de Tormes Siege of Cádiz Battle of Valls Third Siege of Gerona Battle of Alcañiz Battle of María Battle of Belchite Battle of Mollet Battle of Vich Battle of Manresa Siege of Lérida Siege of Mequinenza Battle of La Bisbal Siege of Tortosa Battle of Pla Siege of Tarragona (1811) Battle of Montserrat Siege of Figueras Battle of Cervera Battle of Saguntum Siege of Valencia Battle of Altafulla Battle of Castalla (1812) Battle of Castalla Siege of Tarragona (1813) Siege of Astorga Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo Siege of Cádiz Battle of Fuengirola Battle of Baza Battle of Barrosa Battle of Zújar Battle of Bornos (1811) Battle of Bornos (1812) Battle of the Gebora Battle of Albuera Battle of Usagre Battle of Arlabán (1811) Battle of Cogorderos Battle of Arroyo dos Molinos Siege of Tarifa Battle of Arlabán (1812) Battle of Salamanca Siege of Burgos Battle of Tordesillas Battle of San Millan-Osma Battle of Vitoria Battle of Tolosa Battle of the Pyrenees Battle of Sorauren Battle of San Marcial Battle of the Bidassoa Siege of Pamplona Battle of Nivelle Battle of the Nive Battle of Garris Battle of Toulouse Battle of Bayonne Location: Iberian Peninsula, Southern France	Bourbon Spain Cortes of Cádiz	French Empire Bonapartist Spain Afrancesado Duchy of Warsaw Kingdom of Italy Confederation of the Rhine Swiss Confederation	Victory Treaty of Valençay Treaty of Paris	300,000 military deaths 200,000 civilian deaths^[129]
     Spanish reconquest of Santo Domingo (1808–09) Battle of Palo Hincado Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Caribbean, Hispaniola		French Empire	Victory
     War of the Fifth Coalition (1809) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Europe, Atlantic Ocean	Fifth Coalition: Hungary Tyrol Spain Sicily Sardinia Black Brunswickers	France Confederation of the Rhine Saxony Polish Legions Naples Switzerland Holland	Defeat Treaty of Schönbrunn Franco-Austrian Alliance Napoleon marries Marie Louise of Austria Hostilities in the Peninsular War maintained General hostilities across Europe resume in 1812 with the French Invasion of Russia and expand in 1813 with the formation of a Sixth Coalition against France
     Bolivian War of Independence (1809–25) Battle of Cotagaita Battle of Suipacha Battle of Huaqui Battle of Pequereque Battle of Vilcapugio Action of Tambo Nuevo Battle of Ayohuma Battle of Sipe-Sipe Battle of la Tablada de Tolomosa Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: South America (Bolivia, Southern Peru, Argentine Northwest)	Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Real Audiencia of Charcas Viceroyalty of Peru Peruvian Royalists Royalists	United Provinces of the River Plate Republiquetas Republic of Peru (since 1821) (since 1824)	Defeat Independence of Bolivia and instauration of Criollo nationalism.
     Ecuadorian War of Independence (1809–22) Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: South America (Ecuador)	Viceroyalty of New Granada Real Audiencia of Quito Viceroyalty of Peru Governorate of Guayaquil Peruvian Royalists Royalists	Independentist Armies Government Junta of Quito Free Province of Guayaquil Republic of Peru	Defeat Independence of Ecuador from Spain
     Mexican War of Independence (1810–21) Battle of Monte de las Cruces Battle of Calderón Bridge Battle of Puerto de Piñones Battle of Zacatecas Battle of El Veladero Battle of El Maguey Battle of Llanos de Santa Juana Battle of Zitácuaro Battle of Tecualoya Battle of Tenancingo Siege of Cuautla Battle of Izúcar Siege of Huajuapan de León Battle of Tenango del Valle Battle of Escamela Battle of Zitlala Capture of Orizaba Capture of Oaxaca Battle of Rosillo Creek Siege of Acapulco Battle of La Chincúa Battle of Alazan Creek Battle of Medina Battle of Lomas de Santa María Battle of Puruarán Battle of Temalaca Battle of Azcapotzalco Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: North America (Mexico) and Central America	New Spain Mexican royalists	Insurgents Army of the Three Guarantees (1821)	Defeat First Mexican Empire gains independence from Spain
     Argentine War of Independence (1810–18) Battle of Campichuelo Battle of Paraguarí Battle of San Nicolás Battle of Tacuarí Battle of Tucumán Siege of Montevideo Battle of Cerrito Battle of San Lorenzo Battle of Salta Battle of Martín García Battle of Buceo Battle of Yavi Crossing of the Andes Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: South America (Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and Chile)	Royalists Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata Viceroyalty of Peru Peruvian Royalists	Patriots United Provinces of the River Plate Chilean exilesSupported by: ^[130]	Defeat Argentine victory and emancipation from Spanish colonial rule Slavery partially abolished
     Chilean War of Independence (1810–26) Battle of Yerbas Buenas Battle of San Carlos Siege of Chillán Battle of El Roble First Battle of Talca Battle of El Quilo Battle of Membrillar First Battle of Cancha Rayada Battle of Quechereguas Battle of Las Tres Acequias Battle of Rancagua Battle of Chacabuco Battle of Curapalihue Second Battle of Cancha Rayada Battle of Maipú Battle of Píleo Battle of Tarpellanca Capture of Valdivia Battle of Agüi Battle of El Toro Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: South America (Chile and Neuquén Basin, Argentina), South pacific	Viceroyalty of Peru Captaincy General of Chile Governorate of Chiloé Chilean and Chilota royalists Peruvian Royalists Mapuche allies	Chile United Provinces Mapuche alliesSupported by:	Defeat Chilean emancipation from Spanish colonial rule
     Portuguese invasion of the Banda Oriental (1811–1812) Part of Napoleonic Wars and Spanish American wars of independence Location: South America, Banda Oriental (Uruguay)	Kingdom of Spain Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata	United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves---- United Provinces	Inconclusive
     Venezuelan War of Independence (1811–23) Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: South America (Venezuela and Colombia), Caribbean Sea	Kingdom of Spain Viceroyalty of New Granada Captaincy General of Venezuela	Venezuela New Granada Haiti British Legions	Defeat Venezuelan independence
     Peruvian War of Independence (1811–26) Callao affair Battle of Zepita Battle of Junín Battle of Ayacucho Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: South America (Peru, Western Bolivia, Southern Ecuador)	Kingdom of Spain Viceroyalty of Peru Real Audiencia of Charcas Real Audiencia of Quito Peruvian Royalists	United Liberating Army United Army (Argentine-Chilean) Gran Colombia Republic of Peru Peruvian patriots British Legions (from 1824)	Defeat Peru becomes independent of the Spanish monarchy. End of mainland South American war of independence.
     Huánuco rebellion (1812) Part of Peruvian War of Independence Location: South America, Peru	Viceroyalty of Peru Peruvian Royalists	Huánuco rebels	Victory
     Gutiérrez–Magee Expedition (1812) Part of Mexican War of Independence Location: North America (ModernSouthwestern United States)	Viceroyalty of New Spain	Republican Army of the North Filibuster	Victory
     French invasion of Russia Part of the Napoleonic Wars Location: Eastern Europe	French Empire Duchy of Warsaw Confederation of the Rhine Bavaria Berg Saxony Bonapartist Spain Swiss Confederation Allies: Denmark–Norway	Russian Empire	Defeat Destruction of French Allied Army Start of the War of the Sixth Coalition
     Anglo-American war (1812–1815) Gulf Theater 1813–1815 Battle of Pensacola Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: North America, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean	British North America (The Canadas) Tecumseh's Confederacy Kingdom of Spain (from 1813) Spanish Florida	United States Choctaw Nation Cherokee Nation Creek Allies	Inconclusive Treaty of Ghent Spain loses West Florida to the United States.
     War of the Sixth Coalition (1813–1814) Campaign in south-west France (1814) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Europe	Sweden Spain Portugal Sicily Sardinia	Duchy of Warsaw Denmark–NorwayConfederation of the Rhine---- (War of 1812)	Victory
     Cuzco Rebellion of 1814 (1814) Part of Peruvian War of Independence Location: South America, Peru	Kingdom of Spain Viceroyalty of Peru Peruvian Royalists	Government Junta of CuzcoSupported by: United Provinces	Victory
     War of the Seventh Coalition (1815) Part of Napoleonic Wars Location: Western Europe	Seventh Coalition: Hanover Nassau Brunswick Sweden Portugal Sardinia Sicily Tuscany Switzerland French Kingdom	French Empire	Victory Second Treaty of Paris End of Napoleonic Wars Second exile of Napoleon and second Bourbon Restoration Beginning of the Concert of Europe
     Spanish reconquest of New Granada (1815–16) Part of Colombian War of Independence Location: South America, (Colombia) and Caribbean Sea	Kingdom of Spain	United Provinces of New Granada	Victory Reconquest of New Granada by the Spanish monarchy
     Seminole Wars (1817–18)Location: Florida	Seminole---- Kingdom of Spain Spanish Florida		Defeat Spain cedes Spanish Florida to the United States in the Adams–Onís Treaty of 1819 The United States forcibly relocates Seminole in northern Florida to a reservation in the center of the peninsula in the Treaty of Moultrie Creek of 1823
     Amelia Island affair (1817) Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: Florida	Kingdom of Spain Spanish Florida	Republic of the Floridas Venezuela	No victorUnited States annexation of Florida.
     Guerra a muerte (1819–32) Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: Chile	Kingdom of Spain Captaincy General of Chile Mapuche allies Lafkenches Wenches Pehuenches Boroans		Defeat
     Rebellion of Rafael de Riego (1820) part of Revolutions during the 1820s Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain	Liberal Rebels of Rafael del RiegoSupported by: United Provinces of the River Plate	Defeat Victory for the Spanish veinteañistas and the River Plate agents. End of Sexenio Absolutista. Cancellation of the gran expedición de Ultramar and withdrawal of Spanish europpean support to the royalists from Spanish American wars of independence.
     Totonicapán Uprising of 1820 Part of Independence of Central America and Indigenous rebellion on Mexico and Central America Location: Central America, Guatemala	Spanish Empire Captaincy General of Guatemala	K'iche of Totonicapán	Victory
     Spanish reconquest attempts in Mexico (1821–29) Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: Mexico	Spanish Empire	Mexico	Defeat Spain recognizes the independence of the United Mexican States in 1836
     Royalist War (1822–23) part of Revolutions during the 1820s Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain Royalists forces Spanish absolutists Ultras/Apostolics (traditionalists) Supported by: Quintuple Alliance^[131]	Junta Provisional Consultiva Liberals (constitucionals) forces Doceañista/Moderados (liberal conservatives) Exaltados (radical liberals)	Absolutist victory End of the Trienio Liberal Intervention of France.
     French invasion of Spain (1823)Location: Spain	Kingdom of France Armée de la Foi	Partisans of the Cortes	Royalist victory Start of Ominous Decade A part of the French army would remain occupying Spain until 1828 to save the Counter-revolutionary regime.
     Novales Revolt(1823) Part of Philippine revolts against SpainLocation: Philippines	Kingdom of Spain Philippines	Filipino and Latin American Rebels	Royalist Victory Death of Mariano Fernández de Folgueras (royalist), Andrés Novales (liberal) and other persons. Expulsion of Luis Rodríguez-Varela and other liberal conspirators.
     Chilean conquest of Chiloé (1824–26) Part of Spanish American wars of independence Location: Chile, Chiloé Island	Kingdom of Spain Governorate of Chiloé		Defeat.End of Spanish presence in South America.
     Capture of the sloop Anne(1825) Part of West Indies anti-piracy operations of the United States Location: Caribbean	Tri-national anti-piracy alliance Danish West Indies Spain Puerto Rico	Roberto Cofresí's pirates	Victory
     War of the Aggrieved (1827) Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain Spanish absolutists (moderate royalists) Supported by: Kingdom of France	Cuerpo de Voluntarios Realistas rebel forces Ultra-royalits/Apostolics (traditionalists)	Victory The Agraviados, who rose up against the "reformist" Enlightened absolutism government that supposedly had King Ferdinand VII "kidnapped", lay down their arms when Ferdinand VII had to go to Catalonia to demonstrate that he enjoyed full freedom.
     Portuguese Civil War (1828–34) Part of Revolutions of 1830 Location: Portugal	Liberal Forces of Queen Maria II and Pedro IVSupported by: Spain (Since 1834) United Kingdom France (Since 1830) Belgian volunteers (1832–1834)^[132]	Traditionalist Forces of King Miguel Supported by: Spain (Until 1833)	Liberal victory Concession of Evoramonte: Constitutional monarchy is restored Dom Miguel renounces all his claims to the throne and goes into exile.
     First Carlist War (1833–1839) Part of Carlist Wars Part of Revolutions of 1830 Location: Spain	Christinos Forces of Queen Isabella IISupported by: United Kingdom French Kingdom Forces of Queen Maria II	Carlists Forces of Infante Carlos Forces of King Miguel Supported by: Holy Alliance^[133]	Liberal victory British mediated Convention of Vergara.	135,000 dead^[134]
     Riot of La Granja de San Ildefonso(1835) Location: Spain	Forces of Queen Isabella II Moderate Party	Progresivists	Defeat End of Estamento de los Procuradores and reinstauration of Constitution of 1812 in sustition of Spanish Royal Statute of 1834.
     Second Egyptian-Ottoman War (1839–1841) Part of Oriental Crisis of 1840 Location: Levant	Eyalet of Egypt Kingdom of France Kingdom of Spain	Ottoman Empire British Empire Austrian Empire Russian Empire Kingdom of Prussia	Defeat Egypt renounces claim on Syria, Britain recognizes Muhammad Ali and his descendants as the legitimate rulers of Egypt.
     Revolt of the indigenous Benga against their king Bonkoro I (1843–1858)Location: Africa, Gulf of Guinea	Spain Benga people, from Corisco Bay, loyal to Bonkoro I and under Spanish protectorate	Benga people rebels led by Imunga	Stalemate The throne of the ndowés (Kingdom of Corisco) remains separated into two branches (Cabo San Juan and the north of the Corisco island) since 1843. Bonkoro I flee to Cape san juan and complies the arrangement with Juan José Lerena y Barry (Treaty of Tika) of stablishing a Spanish protectorate. His son, king Bonkoro II recognized Spanish sovereignty over Cabo San Juan, including several towns that had not been ceded by his father, such as Corisco and Elobey. Imunga proclaims himself as king Munga I of Kombe people, then reigned in Corisco between the years 1848 and 1858, date on which he received the support of the first Spanish governor, Carlos de Chacón y Michelena, who appointed him lieutenant governor of Corisco, transforming also in a Spanish protectorate. In 1906 the two parts of the kingdom (Cabo San Juan and northern Corisco) were reunited under the kingdom of Santiago Uganda.
     Second Carlist War (1846–49) Part of Carlist Wars and Revolutions of 1848 Location: Spain	Spain	Carlist insurgents	Liberal victory	10,000 dead
     Patuleia (1846) part of Revolution of Maria da Fonte Location: Portugal	Forces of Queen Maria II Cartista (conservative liberals) Quadruple Alliance Spain United Kingdom	Junta in Porto forces Septembrists (radical liberals) Miguelist (traditionalists)	Victory Convention of Gramido
     Italian Revolution of 1848^[135] (1848–49) part of Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states and Unification of Italy Location: Italy	Austrian Empire^[136] Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia Grand Duchy of Tuscany Kingdom of Two Sicilies Papal States Spain (1849) French Republic (1849)	Kingdom of Sicily Provisional Government of Milan Republic of San Marco Roman Republic Supported by: Kingdom of Sardinia	Victory Papal rule restored in Rome
     Spanish expedition to Balanguingui (1848)Location: Philippines (Sulu Sea)	Philippines	Moro Pirates	Victory
     Spanish Revolution of 1854Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain Moderate Party	Rebel troops Democratic Party Progressive Party	Rebel victory of Leopoldo O'Donnell and Baldomero Espartero. End of Década moderada and start of Bienio progresista.
     Carlist Insurrection of 1855Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain Liberals	Carlist insurgents	Victory of the government
     El Arahal insurrection(1857) Location: Spain (Seville)	Kingdom of Spain	Peasant rebelsRepublicansFreemasonry	Victory of the government
     Cochinchina Campaign (1858–62) Siege of Tourane Siege of Đà Nẵng Siege of Saigon Battle of Ky Hoa Capture of Mỹ Tho Capture of Biên Hòa Capture of Vĩnh Long Location: Southern Vietnam	Spain Philippines French Empire	Đại Nam	Victory Treaty of Saigon: Cochinchina becomes a French colony.
     Hispano-Moroccan War (1859–60) Battle of Castillejos Battle of Tétouan Location: North Africa (Morocco)		Morocco	Victory Treaty of Wad-Ras: Morocco recognises Spanish sovereignty over Sidi Ifni and Western Sahara. Morocco pays 400 million reales as war reparations	1,152 killed^[137] 2,888 died of disease
     Carlist Landing of 1860Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain Liberals	Carlist insurgents	Victory of the government
     Expedition of the Thousand (1860–61) Siege of Gaeta (1860–1861) Part of Wars of Unification of Italy Location: Italy and Mediterranean Sea	Supported by Papal States French Empire Spain	Sardinia Hungary legion of Italia^[138] Supported by United Kingdom	Defeat Unification of Italy by House of Savoy against Spanish allies of House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies and House of Bourbon-Parma.
     Post-Unification Italian Brigandage (1861–1865) Borges Expedition Acinello Battle Location: Southern Italy	Brigandage Bourbon legitimists in Southern Italy Italian Gangs Carlist partisans from Bourbon Spain Supported by Papal States French Empire Spain	Supported by: French Empire	Defeat Francis II of the Two Sicilies isn't restored to the throne. José Borges is arrested and fusiled by House of Savoy.
     Franco-Mexican War (1861–67)Location: Mexico	French Empire Mexican EmpireSupported by: Spain (until 1862) (until 1862) Eyalet of Egypt Confederate exiles Polish exiles	Mexico Supported by:	Withdrawal Establishment, then fall, of the Second Mexican Empire French withdrawal Execution of Emperor Maximilian I, Miguel Miramon, and Tomas Mejia.
     Loja uprising (1861)Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain	Socialists	Victory of the government
     Dominican Restoration War (1863–65) Battle of Monte Cristi Location: Hispaniola, Dominican Republic	Captaincy General of Santo Domingo (Dominican annexationists) Captaincy General of Puerto Rico Captaincy General of Cuba	Dominican Republic	Defeat Restoration of Dominican sovereignty	10,888 killed or wounded 30,000 died of disease
     Chincha Islands War (1864–66) Battle of Papudo Battle of Abtao Capture of the Paquete de Maule Valparaíso bombardment Battle of Callao Action of 22 August 1866 Location: Peru and Chile Coasts		Chile Peru Nominal participation: Ecuador	Indecisive, both sides claimed victory The state of war is maintained between the belligerent parties until the signing of an indefinite armistice in 1871. Peace treaties between Spain and Perú (1879), Bolivia (1879), Chile (1883) and Ecuador (1885).	300
     Glorious Revolution (1868)Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain Moderate Party	Revolutionaries Liberal Union Progressive Party Democratic Party	Defeat Expulsion of Isabella II and Establishment of a Provisional Government Start of Sexenio Democrático

     Restoration

     Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Casualties
     Ten Years' War (1868–78) Battle of Pino de Baire Battle of Las Guasimas Location: Cuba	Captaincy General of Cuba	n rebelsSupported by: Latin American Volunteers	Victory Pact of Zanjón	90,000 dead
     Grito de Lares(1868) Battle of the Cucumber Location: Puerto Rico	Captaincy General of Puerto Rico	Puerto Rico rebels	Victory
     Carlist insurrection of 1869Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain Liberals	Carlist insurgents	Government victory
     Carlist insurrection of 1870Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain Liberals	Carlist insurgents	Government victory
     Cavite mutiny (1872)Location: Philippines	Captaincy General of the Philippines	Filipino mutineers	Victory
     Third Carlist War (1872–76) Part of Carlist Wars Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain (1872–73) I Republic (1873–74) Kingdom of Spain (1875–76)	Carlist insurgents	Royal Victory	50,000 dead
     Cantonal rebellion (1872–74)Location: Spain		Canton of Cartagena Cantonalist	Victory of the Republican Government
     Petroleum Revolution(1873) Location: Spain	I Republic Alcoy City Hall	Committee of Public Health Spanish Regional Federation of the IWA	Victory of the Republican Government
     Little War (1879–1880)Location: Cuba		n rebels	Victory
     Carolines Question (1885)Location: Western Pacific Ocean (Caroline islands and Palau)	Spanish East Indies	German New Guinea	Victory
     Jerez uprising(1892) Location: Spain		Anarchist peasants	Victory of the Spanish State
     Verduleras' Mutiny(1892) Location: Spain		Madrid verduleras	Victory and revolt repressed
     First Melillan campaign (1893–1894)Location: North Africa		Kingdom of Morocco	Victory Treaty of Fez: Morocco pays war reparations of 20 million pesetas and pledges to pacify northern provinces. Melilla hinterlands ceded to Spain.
     Cuban War of Independence (1895–1898) Action of 25 April 1898 First Battle of Cárdenas Battle of Cárdenas Battle of Cienfuegos Battle of Guantánamo Bay Action of 13 June 1898 Battle of Las Guasimas First Battle of Manzanillo Battle of Tayacoba Battle of the Aguadores Battle of El Caney Battle of San Juan Hill Second Battle of Manzanillo Battle of Santiago de Cuba Siege of Santiago Third Battle of Manzanillo Battle of Nipe Bay Battle of Rio Manimani Part of Spanish–American War Location: Cuba	Captaincy General of Cuba	Cuban rebels	Defeat American Intervention; Expulsion of the Spanish colonial government during Spanish–American War (1898). Treaty of Paris Protectorate over Cuba Cuban independence	45,100 dead
     Philippine Revolution (1896–1898) Cry of Pugad Lawin Battle of Manila Battle of Sambat Cry of Tarlac Battle of Pasong Tamo Battle of San Juan del Monte Battle of San Mateo and Montalban 1896 Manila mutiny Battle of San Francisco De Malabon Battle of Noveleta Kawit Revolt Cry of Nueva Ecija Battle of Imus Battle of San Francisco de Malabon Battle of Talisay Battles of Batangas Battle of Binakayan-Dalahican Battle of Pateros Battle of Kakarong de Sili Battle of Zapote Bridge Battle of Perez Dasmariñas Retreat to Montalban Battle of Aliaga Raid at Paombong Battle of Tres de Abril Battle of Camalig Battle of Calamba Battle of Alapan Siege of Baler Battle of Tayabas Battle of Manila Siege of Masbate Negros Revolution Battle of Barrio Yoting Battle of Sapong Hills Siege of Zamboanga Part of Spanish–American War Location: Philippines	Philippines loyalists Guardia Civil	Katipunan Revolutionaries 1896–1897 Tagalog Republic 1897 Republic of Biak-na-Bato (until 1897) ---- Filipino rebels (1898) (1898)	Peace Treaty (1897) Signing of Pact of Biak-na-Bato. Defeat (1898) Resumption of hostilities during Spanish–American War. Expulsion of the Spanish colonial government. Establishment of First Philippine Republic with Emilio Aguinaldo as the first President (1899) Outbreak of the Philippine–American War (1899).
     Spanish–American War (1898) Puerto Rico campaign Capture of Guam Part of Banana Wars Location: Caribbean and Philippine Sea	Spain Captaincy General of Puerto Rico Captaincy General of Cuba Spanish East Indies	United States	Defeat Treaty of Paris (1898): USA gains Cuba, Puerto Rico and Philippines. German–Spanish Treaty (1899): Spain sells its last colonies to German Empire. End of Spanish Empire in America, Asia and Oceania	1,000 killed 800 wounded 15,000 died of disease 30,000 captured
     1898 Guinean rebellion led by Sas-Ebuera (1898)Location: Bight of Biafra, Bioko Island (Modern Equatorial Guinea)	Spain Spanish Guinea	Bubis rebels	Victory
     1900 Carlist Sublevation(1900) Location: Spain (near Badalona)	Kingdom of Spain	Carlist insurgents	Alfonsist Victory
     Siege of the International Legations (1900) Part of Boxer Rebellion Location: China, Peking	Eight-Nation Alliance New Zealand ---- Spain ---- Mutual Protection of Southeast China	Yìhéquán	Victory Boxer Protocol
     Venezuelan Crisis of 1902–1903(1902–1903) Location: Venezuela and Caribbean Sea	United Kingdom Support: Spain Mexico Belgium Netherlands Denmark	Support: Argentina United States	Compromise European fleet withdraws after Washington Protocols.
     1906 Carlist insurrectionLocation: Spain (Valls, Calella, Rajadell)	Kingdom of Spain	Carlist insurgents	Alfonsist Victory
     French conquest of Morocco (1907–1934) Bombardment of Casablanca Ma al-'Aynayn and Ahmed al-Hiba uprising Part of Scramble for Africa Location: Maghreb (Morocco and Western Sahara)	French Algeria Spain	MoroccoChaouia tribes Zaian Confederation Various other tribes	Victory Partition of Morocco into French and Spanish zones
     Second Melillan campaign (1909–1910) Part of Spanish-Moroccan conflicts and Scramble for Africa Location: North America	Spain	Rif tribes	Victory Melilla territory extended to Cape Three Forks and the Bḥar Ameẓẓyan lagoon
     Tragic Week (1909) Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain	AnarchistsSocialistsRepublicansFreemasons	Victory of the Spanish government
     Bubi uprising of 1910 (1910)Location: Bight of Biafra, Bioko Island (Modern Equatorial Guinea)	Spain Spanish Guinea	Bubis rebels	Victory Colonial forces pressured King Malabo to influence local chiefs and prevent further confrontation
     Agadir Crisis (1911) Moroccan Rebellion Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Spain	Morocco	Military Victory Spain occupy Larache and Ksar el-Kebir. Diplomatic Failure Due to Morocco–Congo Treaty, a Franco-Spanish Treaty was concluded on 27 November 1912, slightly revising the previous Franco-Spanish boundaries in Morocco, in favour to France.
     Mutiny on the frigate Numancia(1911) Location: North Africa (Tangier)	Government	frigate Numancia mutiners and republicans	Victory of the monarchical Government
     Kert campaign (1911–1912) Part of Spanish-Moroccan conflicts and Scramble for Africa Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Spain	Riffian tribes	Victory Consolidation of the Spanish-controlled territory in Kelaïa east of the Kert River
     Royalist attack on Chaves(1912) Location: Iberian Peninsula (Galicia and Portugal)	Royalist supporters Supported by: Spain		Defeat Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Cabral Couceiro runs to Galicia, Spain. Then proclaim the Monarchy of the North years later.
     Spanish liberal state crisis(1917–1923) 1917 Spanish general strike Pistolerismo Bolshevik triennium Faeneras rebellion Canadenca strike 1919 Spanish general strike Tarancón mutiny Location: Spain	Government Conservative Party Armed Forces Defense Councils Spanish police Somatén Employers Paramilitary militia Defensa Ciudadana Unión Ciudadana ----Sindicatos Libres Carlists	Spanish workers' movement UGT PSOE CNT Anarchist action groups Marxists action groups	Stalemate Left-wing and Syndicalist movements fails in their attempts to make a Socialist Revolution, but the demands of working classes (Social question) are attended by Regenerationist reformers with laws about Workers' Retirement, Eight-hour working day, Sunday Rest, etc. Institutions like the Ministry of Labour are also made. The Reign of Alfonso XIII enters on the Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera after 1923 Spanish coup d'état, ending Caciquism and political oligarchy. Thus making a crisis on the Spanish Conservatism due to conflicts between Ciervists, Datists and Maurists after the crisis in the turnist system between Conservative Party and the Liberal Party, as also heterogeneous influence from Catholic social teaching, Maurrassisme, Integralismo Lusitano and Fascist Italy to solve Social question by their own way. Ascension of Carlism (Traditionalist) as a mass movement in reactionary circles, due to crisis on liberal monarchists (Alfonsism) and the right-wing after authoritarian politics. Apparition of Spanish fascists on intellectual circles.
     Río Muni Punishment Expedition (1918)Location: Africa, Guinea region (Modern Equatorial Guinea)	Spain Spanish Guinea	Fang people Mawomo	Victory Colonial Guard of Spanish Guinea will do military campaigns to subdue the indigenous Fang people in Río Muni until 1929.
     Rif War (1920–1926) Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Spain Spanish protectorate in Morocco France French protectorate in Morocco	Republic of the Rif	Victory Debellation of the Republic of the Rif	18,000 killed or died of disease 5,000 wounded or missing
     Jaca uprising (1930)Location: Spain	Kingdom of Spain	Spanish republicans	Victory

     Second Spanish Republic

     Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Casualties
     Anarchist insurrections against Spanish Republic (1932–37) Anarchist insurrection of Alt Llobregat (1932) Anarchist insurrection of January 1933 Casas Viejas incident Anarchist insurrection of December 1933 Anarchist revolt in Labastida (1933) Bujalance incidents (1933) May Days (1937) Part of Spanish political violence during 1931-1936 and Spanish Civil War Location: Spain	Generalitat of Catalonia ---- Communist Party of Spain Unified Socialist Party of Catalonia Supported by Soviet Union	CNT-FAI FIJL Friends of Durruti Group POUM Confederal militias Anarchist commune (1937) Regional Defence Council of Aragon Popular Executive Committee of Valencia Sovereign Council of Asturias and León Santander Defense Council Gijón War Committee Junta de Seguretat Interior de Catalunya Madrid Defense Council	1° Victory of the Spanish State and repression of Spanish Anarchists. Divission between moderates which wanted to collaborate with Spanish Republic (Treintists and Possibilists of the Syndicalist Party) and Radicals opposed to the State (Faístas).2° Truce between Anarchists and Republicans during Spanish Revolution of 1936. 3° Anarchists, Anarcho-Syndicalists Libertarian socialist and Libertarian Communism are defeated by Marxists Communists, Leninists and Stalinists during the internal conflict between left-wing groups during Spanish Civil War.
     Communists revolts during Spanish Republic(1932) La Villa de Don Fadrique Revolt Villalpande incident Part of Spanish political violence during 1931-1936		Communist Party of Spain	Victory of the Spanish moderate left
     Militar Reactions against Spanish Republic (1932) Sanjurjada Part of Background of the Spanish Civil War		Monarchical and Right-Wing rebel forces CEDA Requetés/CT Decurias Spanish Military Union	Victory of the Spanish Republic
     Revolution of 1934 Asturian miners' strike of 1934 Events of 6 October Part of Spanish political violence during 1931-1936 Location: Spain		Asturian Workers Alliance PSOE UGT CNT Militias ---- Catalan State Mossos d'Esquadra Escamots	Victory The Spanish Republican government effectively eliminates the rebellions in Asturias and Catalonia.
     Extremaduran peasant rebellion(1936) Location: Spain (Extremadura)		UGT FNTT	Peasant victory	0
     Spanish Civil War (1936–39) (See for battles) Location: Spain	Spain Republic People's Army Popular Front UGT CNT-FAI Generalitat de Catalunya Euzko Gudarostea Supported by: Mexico----Volunteers	Rebel or Nationalist faction Requetés/CT CEDA Army of Africa Supported by: Italy^[139] Germany^[140] Portugal^[141]	Nationalist faction victory Defeat of the Second Spanish Republic Beginning of Franco's dictatorship	500,000–1,000,000 dead
     1936 uprising in Spanish Guinea(1936) Part of Spanish Civil War Location: Modern Equatorial Guinea	Spain Republic	Clerical Insurgents	Rebel victory Hispanicization of the zone and legally unification of Fernando Poo and Río Muni with the rest of Spain. Gradual Emancipation of the natives.

     Francoist Spain

     Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results	Casualties
     Spanish Maquis (1939–1965) Invasion of Val d'Aran Location: Spain	Francoist Spain Supported by: (1939–1945) Fascist Italy (1939–1943) United States (after 1953)	Republican Partisans Supported by: French Resistance (1940–1944) Italian Resistance (1943–1945) Soviet Union (until 1956)	Francoist Victory. Decline and eventual extinction of Maquis activity
     Spanish occupation of Tangier (1940–1945)Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Spain Spanish protectorate in Morocco	Tangier International Zone	Inconclusive Spanish withdrawal after the end of World War II
     Eastern Front (World War II) (1941–1945) Volunteers only Siege of Leningrad Battle of Krasny Bor Location: Europe	Axis powers (until 1944) (until 1943) ----Axis puppet states ----Co-belligerents Finland (until 1944) (until 1944)	Allies Poland Czechoslovakia (from 1943) Yugoslavia (from 1944) Tuva (until 1944) ----Former Axis powers or co-belligerents (from 1944) Bulgaria (from 1944) Finland (from 1944) ----Aerial and naval only United States United Kingdom Free France (1943–45) ----Volunteers Exiled Spanish Republic Volunteers La Nueve	Soviet-allied victory	22,700
     Ifni War (1957–1958)Location: North Africa (Morocco)	Ifni Colonial Mauritania	Morocco	Victory Treaty of Angra de Cintra	190 dead
     Basque Conflict (1959–1975)Location: Spain (Basque Country)	Spain	Euskadi Ta Askatasuna	Inconclusive
     Zemla Intifada (1970) Part of Western Sahara conflict Location: Africa, Western Sahara	Spanish Sahara	Movement for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab	Victory Repression and end of the Harakat Tahrir movement.
     Western Sahara Revolt (1973–75) Part of Western Sahara conflict Location: Africa, Western Sahara	Spanish Sahara Djema'a Sahrawi National Union Party	Polisario Front of National LiberationSupport: Libyan Arab Republic	Inconclusive Proclamation of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. Spanish unilateral withdrawal from the Sahara pursuant to the 1975 tripartite Madrid Accords. The Polisario Front continued the struggle for self-determination against Mauritania and Morocco, beginning the Western Sahara War.
     Green March (1975) Part of Western Sahara conflict Location: Africa(Western Sahara and Morocco)	Spanish Sahara	Morocco	Inconclusive Morocco annexation of Western Sahara and start of Western Sahara War.

     Modern

     Conflict	Combatant 1	Combatant 2	Results
     Basque Conflict (1975–2011)Location: Basque Country region (Spain and France)	Supported by:	Euskadi Ta Askatasuna	Victory ETA declares definitive cessation of its terrorist activities.
     As Encrobas Conflict(1975–2007) Location: Spain (Galicia)		Peasant revolters	Inconclusive Most of the residents abandoned their homes.
     Búnker's Confrontations(1975–early 1980s) Operation Gladio Reconquista Operation (1976) Montejurra massacre (1976) 1977 Atocha massacre Operation Galaxia (1978) 1981 Spanish coup attempt 1982 Spanish coup attempt 1985 Spanish coup attempt Part of Far-right terrorism in Spain and Cold WarLocation: Spain	Opposition to Francoism Democratic Junta of SpainLimited Support: Euskadi Ta Askatasuna (1976–1978)	Neo-Francoists New Force CNE Batallón Vasco Español Warriors of Christ the King Triple A Grupos Armados Españoles Limited Support: Traditionalist Carlists (1976) (until 1982)	Democratical victory Spanish transition to democracy success
     Bonito War(1990s) Location: Atlantic Ocean			Inconclusive The efforts of all the governments involved managed to end the tension between the fleets, but there would still be protests from the Spanish fishing fleet.
     Gulf War (1991)Location: Persian Gulf (Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia)	Kuwait Saudi Arabia Egypt Other Allies	Ba'athist Iraq	Victory Kuwait regains its independence
     Somali Civil War (1992–1995)Location: East Africa (Somalia)	Saudi Arabia India Greece Botswana	Somalia	Victory UN humanitarian mandate fulfilled. About 100,000 lives were saved by outside resistance. Civil war is ongoing.
     Bosnian intervention (1992–1996) Operation Deliberate Force Operation Deny Flight 1995 Pale air strikes Stabilisation Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina Part of Yugoslav Wars and Bosnian War Location: Balkans (Bosnia and Herzegovina)	United Nations Protection Force		Victory Dayton Accords: Siege of Sarajevo lifted. Bosnian Serbs return to negotiations.
     Turbot War (1994–1996)Location: Grand Banks of Newfoundland and English Channel			Defeat Canadian Position Recognized In 1996, Canada agrees not to apply its laws to Spanish fishing vessels with criteria of extraterritoriality.
     Kosovo War (1998–99) part of Yugoslav Wars Location: Balkans (Kosovo and Albania)	KLA----		Victory Kumanovo Treaty Yugoslav forces pull out of Kosovo
     1999 East Timorese crisis (1999–2005) part of Decolonisation of Asia	INTERFET UNTAET	Pro-Indonesia militias Aitarak Besi Merah Putih Laksaur Mahidi Supported by: Kopassus (alleged) BIN^[142] Jakarta lobby^[143] ^[144] ^[145]	Victory Independence of East Timor is seizured
     War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Battle of Sabzak Resolute Support Mission Location: Afghanistan	Afghanistan ISAF	Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan	Defeat Fall of Taliban regime Osama bin Laden killed Renewed Taliban offensive in 2021 Taliban forces capture Kabul on 15 August 2021
     Operation Active Endeavour(2001–2016) Part of the War on Terror	Non-NATO:	Unspecified terrorist and smuggling groups	"Victory" Continued by Operation Sea Guardian
     Perejil Island crisis (2002)Location: North Africa, Perejil Island			Victory Moroccan soldiers removed by Spanish military
     Iraq War (2003–04) 2004 Iraq spring fighting 2003 Latifiya ambush Part of Iraqi conflict Location: Middle East (Iraq)	MNF–I Poland Denmark (2003–09) (2003–06) (2003–04) Dominican Republic (2003–04) Honduras (2003–04) Nicaragua (2003–04) El Salvador (2003–09) Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein ----	Iraq under Saddam Hussein Various insurgents	Coalition victory Fall of Ba'athist rule in Iraq Deployment in Najaf Spanish withdrawal in 2004, escalation of sectarian insurgency after U.S. withdrawal in 2011
     Operation Atalanta(2008–) Part of counter-piracy efforts off the Horn of Africa	(European Union Training Mission in Somalia)Non EU: Colombia Iceland Liechtenstein Montenegro New Zealand Norway Serbia Switzerland United Kingdom	Somali pirates	Ongoing
     Boko Haram insurgency (2009–)Location: Sub-Saharan Africa (Mostly Nigeria)	Nigeria Cameroon Chad Niger Supported by: African Union Benin Colombia Israel	Boko Haram	Ongoing
     Libyan intervention (2011) Operation Unified Protector Part of Libyan Civil War Location: North Africa, Libya	Many NATO members acting under UN mandateand Anti-Gaddafi forces several Arab League states	Pro-Gaddafi forces	Victory Fall of Gaddafi regime Muammar Gaddafi killed National Transitional Council take control
     2012 Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera incident (2012)Location: North Africa, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera			Victory Moroccan activists arrested
     Mali War (2012–) Operation Serval Part of Islamist insurgency in the Sahel Location: West Africa (Mostly Mali)	Chad ^[146] Poland	Ansar DineAl-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb ---- Azawad	Ongoing
     Central African Republic Civil War (2012–) European Union Military Operation in the Central African Republic Location: Central Africa	Central African Armed Forces MINUSCA (since 2014) Rwanda (since 2020)^[147] (since 2018) Wagner Group^[148] Russian Imperial Movement^[149] Black Russians^[150] ----Formerly: South Africa (2013) MISCA (2013–2014) France (2013–2021)^[151] EUFOR RCA (2014–2015)	PRNC Lord's Resistance Army Azande Ani Kpi Gbe (since March 2023)^[152] ----Defunct groups: RJ (2013–2018) MNLC (2017–2019) MLCJ (2008–2022) RPRC (2014–2022)	Ongoing
     Military intervention against ISIL (2014–) Part of War on terror Location: Muslim world (Middle East and North Africa, Caucasus and Southeast Asia)	United States (2014–17) Denmark Sweden Turkey (2014–17) Jordan Morocco (2014–16) ^[153] ^[154]		Ongoing
     2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis(2017–2018) Operation Anubis 2017 Catalan general strike Location: Catalonia	Mossos d'Esquadra	Generalitat de Catalunya	Victory of Spanish Government Catalan declaration of independence is rejected.

     See also

     • Military history of Spain
     • List of Spanish colonial wars in Morocco
     • Anglo-Spanish War (disambiguation)
     • Franco-Spanish War (disambiguation)
     • Spanish–Portuguese War (disambiguation)
     • Ottoman-Spanish War (disambiguation)
     • Ottoman-Habsburg Wars
     • Contemporary history of Spain

     References

     ]