List of Spanish flu cases explained

The 1918–1920 flu pandemic is commonly referred to as the Spanish flu, and caused millions of deaths worldwide.

To maintain morale, wartime censors minimized early reports of illness and mortality in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and the United States.[1] [2] Papers were free to report the epidemic's effects in neutral Restoration-era Spain (such as the grave illness of King Alfonso XIII).[3] This created a false impression of Spain as especially hard hit,[4] thereby giving rise to the pandemic's nickname, "Spanish flu".[5]

Notable fatalities

Listed alphabetically by surname

In utero effects

Children of women who were pregnant during the pandemic ran the risk of lifelong effects. One in three of the more than 25 million who contracted the flu in the United States was a woman of childbearing age. A study of US census data from 1960 to 1980 found that the children born to this group of women had more physical ailments and a lower lifetime income than those born a few months earlier or later.[47] The study also found that persons born in states with more severe exposure to the pandemic experienced worse outcomes than persons born in states with less severe exposure.[48] A notable example was Rosemary Kennedy, sister of 35th U.S. President John F. Kennedy, who was born during the pandemic on September 23, 1918, and suffered from intellectual disability, resulting in her institutionalization.

Notable survivors

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Valentine. Vikki. Origins of the 1918 Pandemic: The Case for France. NPR. 2 October 2011. 20 February 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20120126081852/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5222069. 26 January 2012. live.
  2. Web site: Anderson. Susan. Analysis of Spanish flu cases in 1918–1920 suggests transfusions might help in bird flu pandemic. American College of Physicians. 2 October 2011. 29 August 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20111125222223/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2006-08/acop-aos082806.php. 25 November 2011. live.
  3. Encyclopedia: Maria. Porras-Gallo. Ryan A.. Davis . vanc. The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–1919: Perspectives from the Iberian Peninsula and the Americas. University of Rochester Press. 2014. 978-1-58046-496-3. 30. Rochester Studies in Medical History.
  4. Book: Barry, John M.. vanc. John M. Barry. The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Greatest Plague in History. Viking Penguin. 2004. 978-0-670-89473-4.
  5. Web site: Galvin. John. vanc. Spanish Flu Pandemic: 1918. Popular Mechanics. 2 October 2011. 31 July 2007. https://web.archive.org/web/20110920153758/http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/environment/natural-disasters/4219884. 20 September 2011. live.
  6. Web site: Henderson. Simon. After King Fahd. Washington Institute. 20 March 2020. Policy Paper. 1994. https://web.archive.org/web/20130517194450/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PP_37_AFTERKINGFAHD.pdf. 17 May 2013. live. (Page 16)
  7. https://indyracingmuseum.org/fame_inductee/johnny-aitken/ Aitken - Hall of Fame Inductees
  8. https://www.racing-reference.info/showblog?id=3628 Historical Motorsports Stories: Johnny Aitken: Indy 500 Pioneer - Pandemic Victim
  9. Book: 2004 . Soldiers of the Pátria: a history of the Brazilian Army, 1889–1937 . Frank D. McCann . Stanford University Press . 978-0-8047-3222-2 . Frank D. McCann . 2016-09-24 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140627113821/http://books.google.com/books?id=xDep7jGaHPwC&pg=RA2-PA191&dq=Francisco+influenza . 2014-06-27 . live .
  10. https://www.casebook.org/press_reports/times/19181118.html Times (London) - 18 November 1918 - DEATH OF SIR ROBERT ANDERSON.
  11. https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/guillaume-apollinaire Poets: Guillaume Apollinaire
  12. Book: John Baxter. Carnal Knowledge: Baxter's Concise Encyclopedia of Modern Sex. registration. 24 December 2011. 10 February 2009. HarperCollins. 978-0-06-087434-6. 13.
  13. https://www.loc.gov/item/n82063875/felix-arndt/ Felix Arndt
  14. http://www.unconservatory.org/celam/arndtbio.html Bio: Felix Arndt
  15. Book: Hathaway, Sibyl . Sibyl Hathaway . Dame of Sark: An Autobiography . 2nd . 1962 . Coward-McCann, Inc. . . 59 . 2016-08-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160404101234/https://archive.org/details/dameofsark006367mbp . 2016-04-04 . live .
  16. Book: Duncan, Kirsty. 2003 . Hunting the 1918 flu: one scientist's search for a killer virus . vanc . illustrated . University of Toronto Press . 978-0-8020-8748-5 .
  17. http://www.dmacdigest.com/flu1918.html dMAC Health Digest
  18. Historical Dictionary of Slovenia (Third edition - 2018) by Leopoldina Plut-Pregelj, Gregor Kranjc, Žarko Lazarević, Carole Rogel - Page 67
  19. Lamb, Hugh. "Introduction", to Capes, Bernard. The Black Reaper. Ashcroft, B.C. : Ash-Tree Press 1998., pg. xvii.
  20. https://postalmuseum.si.edu/exhibitions/as-precious-as-gold-stories-from-the-gold-rush-extraordinary-women/kate-carmack-shaaw Kate Carmack - Shaaw Tlaa
  21. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/shaaw_tlaa_14E.html Biography - SHAAW TLÁA - Volume XIV (1911-1920)
  22. https://baseballhall.org/discover/1918-flu-pandemic-didnt-spare-baseball 1918 FLU PANDEMIC DID NOT SPARE BASEBALL
  23. Early Exits: The Premature Endings of Baseball Careers By Brian McKenna (Page 85)
  24. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/new-book-chronicles-first-lady-rose-clevelands-love-affair-evangeline-simpson-whipple-180972472/ New Book Chronicles First Lady Rose Cleveland's Love Affair With Evangeline Simpson Whipple
  25. https://books.google.com/books?id=vf2nAwAAQBAJ&dq=rose+cleveland+influenza&pg=PT89 Rose Elizabeth Cleveland: First Lady and Literary Scholar by Sirpa Salenius
  26. Book: Liberty . Margot . American Indian Intellectuals of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries . July 15, 2002 . University of Oklahoma Press . Red River books . 199–222 . 978-0806133720 ., page 210
  27. Bulletin of the New York State Museum, 1920. Section: "Death of Chief Edward Cornplanter," pages 104 and 105.
  28. http://www.stagebeauty.net/th-frames.html?http&&&www.stagebeauty.net/deslys/deslys-g2.html Gaby Deslys (1881-1920)
  29. News: 12 February 1920 . GABY DESLYS DIES AFTER OPERATION . 11 . The New York Times . 15 June 2022.
  30. https://www.sfgate.com/books/article/An-American-waged-germ-warfare-against-U-S-in-WWI-2657341.php An American waged germ warfare against U.S. in WWI
  31. News: 11 December 1920 . HORACE E. DODGE DIES IN FLORIDA . 12 . The New York Times . 15 June 2022.
  32. News: 15 January 1920 . JOHN P. DODGE DIES AT RITZ-CARLTON . 11 . The New York Times . 15 June 2022.
  33. Web site: Influenza 1918 - Among the Victims . American Experience, PBS . 2009-04-27 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090418180849/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/influenza/sfeature/victims.html . 2009-04-18 . live .
  34. Web site: Harry Glenn. Baseball's Greatest Sacrifice. 2020-03-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20191101084920/http://www.baseballsgreatestsacrifice.com/biographies/glenn_harry.html. 2019-11-01. live.
  35. News: 24 January 1919 . HARRY S. HARKNESS DIES OF INFLUENZA . 11 . The New York Times . 15 June 2022.
  36. News: 15 January 1919 . SHELLEY HULL DEAD. . 11 . The New York Times . 15 June 2022.
  37. Web site: Julian L'Estrange . Shakespeare & the Players . 2016-04-24 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160424152806/http://shakespeare.emory.edu/actordisplay.cfm?actorid=34 . 2016-04-24 .
  38. Book: Pettit, Dorothy A. . A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America 1918-1920 . Timberlane Books . 2008 . 978-0971542815.
  39. News: 19 June 1920 . GEORGE W. PERKINS DIES IN 58TH YEAR . 13 . The New York Times . 15 June 2022.
  40. Web site: Lunsford Richardson, Inventor of VapoRub and Junk Mail. . 30 December 2014. North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. 11 May 2020.
  41. Frank Whitford, Expressionist Portraits, Abbeville Press, 1987, p. 46.
  42. Book: Eustis, Nelson . The King of Tonga: A Biography . 1997. Hobby Investment . Adelaide . 978-0-646-33077-8 . 38837175 . 64.
  43. News: Trump's grandfather was killed by the flu, but president didn't know people died' from it - the Washington Post . . 2020-03-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200402003000/https://www.washingtonpost.com/history/2020/03/07/flu-trump-grandfather-death-coronavirus/ . 2020-04-02 . live .
  44. Book: Blair . Gwenda . The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire . 2000 . Simon and Schuster . 978-0-7432-1079-9 . 116.
  45. https://brooklyneagle.com/articles/2014/02/17/remembering-the-royals-the-pride-of-brooklyns-african-american-baseball-community/ Remembering the Royals: The pride of Brooklyn's African-American baseball community
  46. http://www.baseballsgreatestsacrifice.com/biographies/webster_specks.html Specks Webster
  47. Book: Superfreakonomics: global cooling, patriotic prostitutes, and why suicide bombers should buy life insurance. Steven D. Levitt. Stephen J. Dubner. William Morrow. 2009. 978-0-06-088957-9. 59, 230. citing "Is the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Over? Long-Term Effects of In Utero Influenza Exposure in the Post-1940 U.S Population," Journal of Political Economy 114 no. 4 (2006); and Douglas Almond and Bhashkar Mazumder, "The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Subsequent Health Outcomes: An Analysis of SIPP Data," Recent Developments in Health Economics 95 no. 2 (May 2005)
  48. Book: Innovation in Global Health Governance: Critical Cases. Global environmental governance series. Andrew Fenton Cooper. John J. Kirton. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.. 2009. 978-0-7546-4872-7. 139.
  49. Book: Gawrych, George W.. The young Atatürk: from Ottoman soldier to statesman of Turkey. 2013. I.B. Tauris. 978-1-78076-322-4. London. 839527835.
  50. Book: Mango. Andrew. Atatürk. 1999. Sabah. Doruker. Füsun. 975-579-085-3. İstanbul. 64391065.
  51. Sholem, Gershom. Walter Benjamin: The Story of a Friendship. Trans. The Jewish Publication Society of America. London: Faber & Faber, 1982. 76.
  52. http://www.thekeptgirl.com/2017/07/the-clews-from-raymond-chandlers-war.html The clews from Raymond Chandler's war
  53. News: 20 December 1918 . BOTH DEPOSED KAISERS ARE SERIOUSLY ILL . 2 . The New York Times . 15 June 2022.
  54. Book: Lovell, Mary S. . The Sound of Wings: The Life of Amelia Earhart . St. Martin's Press . 1989 . 978-1-4668-6648-5 . 27.
  55. Web site: How the Spanish flu changed the course of Indian history. 2020-10-13. gulfnews.com. 15 March 2020 .
  56. [Lillian Gish]
  57. Harold Marcus, Haile Sellassie I: The formative years, 1892–1936 (Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1996), pp. 36f; Pankhurst 1990, p. 48f.
  58. News: 1 March 1919 . LORD READING HERE FOR A SHORT STAY . 11 . The New York Times . 15 June 2022.
  59. Web site: Jim and Marian Jordan's Contributions to Radio. www.lib.niu.edu. January 15, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20110810024133/http://www.lib.niu.edu/1993/ihy930345.html. August 10, 2011. dead.
  60. http://jewishnews.at/jewish-news-from-austria-21/the-impossibility-of-being-kafka.html The Impossibility of Being Kafka
  61. Munch Museum, "A timeline of Munch's life".Munch Museum . Accessed 2009-05-24. Archived 2009-05-27.
  62. News: 6 February 1919 . ALFRED NOYES VERY ILL . 11 . The New York Times . 15 June 2022.
  63. [Roxana Robinson]
  64. News: 30 November 1919 . Senator Penrose Ill in Philadelphia Home; Collapse and Grip Follow Treaty Contest . 1 . The New York Times . 15 June 2022.
  65. Book: Collier, Richard . vanc . The Plague of the Spanish Lady – The Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19 . Atheneum . 1974 . 978-0-689-10592-0.
  66. Book: Allen . Charles. Dwivedi . Sharada . 1984 . Lives of the Indian Princes . Great Britain . Century Publishing Co. . 301 . 0517556898.
  67. Book: Spinney . Laura . Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World . 1 June 2017 . Random House . 978-1-4735-2392-0 . 42 .
  68. [Richard Rhodes]
  69. Harss. Marina. 2019-10-09. Dancing to Robert Walser. 2021-05-06. The New Yorker. en-US.
  70. Book: North. Sterling. Rascal: A Memoir of a Better Era. 1990 . Penguin Group. 145. 0-14-034445-4.