List of Soviet human spaceflight missions explained

This is a list of the human spaceflight missions conducted by the Soviet space program. These missions belong to the Vostok, Voskhod, and Soyuz space programs.

The first patch from the Soviet Space Program was worn by Valentina Tereshkova,^[1] then the same patch for the Voskhod 2, Soyuz 4/5 and Soyuz 11,^[2] Soyuz 3 had an official insignia that wasn't worn during the flight,^[3] and then in the Apollo–Soyuz program. After that and until Soyuz TM-12 "Juno" flight mission patches had been designed only for international missions.^[4]

Vostok program

Mission	Patch	Launch	Duration	Landing	Pilot	Notes
Vostok 1		12 April 1961	1 h 48 m	12 April 1961		First man in space; first human orbital flight^[5]
Vostok 2		6 August 1961	1 d 1 h 18 m	7 August 1961	German Titov	First full day in space^[6]
Vostok 3		11 August 1962	3 d 22 h 22 m	15 August 1962		First simultaneous flight of two crewed spacecraft^[7] ^[8]
Vostok 4		12 August 1962	2 d 22 h 56 m	15 August 1962	Pavel Popovich
Vostok 5		14 June 1963	4 d 23 h 7 m	19 June 1963		Joint mission with Vostok 6; longest solo orbital flight^[9]
		16 June 1963	2 d 22 h 50 m	19 June 1963		Joint mission with Vostok 5; first woman in space^[10]

Voskhod program

Mission	Patch	Launch	Duration	Landing	Crew			Notes
Voskhod 1		12 October 1964	1 d 0 h 17 m 3 s	13 October 1964				First spacecraft to carry a multiperson crew.
Voskhod 2		18 March 1965	1 d 2 h 2 m 17 s	19 March 1965				First walk in space.

Soyuz program

First Soyuz missions to Salyut 1 (1967–1971)

Order	Mission	Patch	Launch	Duration	Landing	Crew			Notes
1	Soyuz 1		23 April 1967	1 d 2 h 47 m 52 s	24 April 1967				Cosmonaut died in crash-landing.
2	Soyuz 3		26 October 1968	3 d 22 h 50 m 45 s	30 October 1968				Rendezvous with uncrewed Soyuz 2, failed docking.
3	Soyuz 4		14 January 1969	2 d 23 h 20 m 47 s	17 January 1969		A. Yeliseyev landing	Ye. Khrunov landing	Docked with Soyuz 5. Crew transfer.
4	Soyuz 5		15 January 1969	3 d 0 h 54 m 15 s	18 January 1969		A. Yeliseyev launch	Ye. Khrunov launch	Docked with Soyuz 4. Crew transfer.
5	Soyuz 6		11 October 1969	4 d 22 h 42 m 47 s	16 October 1969				Joint mission with Soyuz 7 & 8.
6	Soyuz 7		12 October 1969	4 d 22 h 40 m 23 s	17 October 1969				Joint mission with Soyuz 6 & 8.
7	Soyuz 8		13 October 1969	4 d 22 h 50 m 49 s	18 October 1969				Joint mission with Soyuz 6 & 7.
8	Soyuz 9		1 June 1970	17 d 16 h 58 m 55 s	19 June 1970				Cosmonaut endurance test.
9	Soyuz 10		23 April 1971	1 d 23 h 44 m 54 s	25 April 1971				Failed to dock with Salyut 1.
10	Soyuz 11		6 June 1971	23 d 18 h 21 m 43 s	30 June 1971				Visited Salyut 1. All cosmonauts aboard died in reentry from asphyxiation.

1973–1977

Mission	Order	Patch	Launch	Duration	Landing	Crew		Notes
11			27 September 1973	1 d 23 h 15 m 32 s	29 September 1973			Test of redesigned two-person Soyuz craft.
12			18 December 1973	7 d 20 h 55 m 35 s	26 December 1973			Carried Orion 2 Space Observatory.
13			3 July 1974	15 d 17 h 30 m 28 s	19 July 1974			Visited Salyut 3.
14			26 August 1974	2 d 0 h 12 m 11 s	28 August 1974			Failed to dock with Salyut 3.
15			2 December 1974	5 d 22 h 23 m 35 s	8 December 1974			Test of redesigned Soyuz craft.
16			11 January 1975	29 d 13 h 19 m 45 s	10 February 1975			Visited Salyut 4 (1).
17			5 April 1975	0 d 0 h 21 m 27 s	5 April 1975			Launch failure, did not reach Salyut 4.
18			24 May 1975	62 d 23 h 20 m 8 s	26 July 1975			Visited Salyut 4 (2).
19			15 July 1975	5 d 22 h 31 m	21 July 1975			Apollo-Soyuz Test Project first docking with American spacecraft
20			6 July 1976	49 d 6 h 23 m 32 s	24 August 1976			Visited Salyut 5 (1), departed early.
21			15 September 1976	7 d 21 h 52 m 17 s	23 September 1976			Earth imaging mission – as of 2021 last flight of a Soyuz spacecraft not targeted for a space station.
22			14 October 1976	2 d 0 h 6 m 35 s	16 October 1976			Failed to dock with Salyut 5. Near-disastrous landing in icy lake.
23			7 February 1977	17 d 17 h 26 m 0 s	25 February 1977			Visited Salyut 5 (2).

Salyut 6 to Salut 7 (1977–1986)

Order	Patch	Mission	Launch	Duration	Landing	width=150 colspan="3"	Crew	Notes
24			9 October 1977	2 d 0 h 44 m 45 s	11 October 1977				Failed to dock with Salyut 6.
25			10 December 1977	37 d 10 h 6 m 18 s	16 January 1978	G. Grechko launch V. Dzhanibekov landing	Yu. Romanenko launch O. Makarov landing		Visited Salyut 6 (1); returned with crew of Soyuz 27.
26			10 January 1978	64 d 22 h 52 m 47 s	16 March 1978	V. Dzhanibekov launch G. Grechko landing	O. Makarov launch Yu. Romanenko landing		Visited Salyut 6 (2); returned with crew of Soyuz 26.
27			2 March 1978	7 d 22 h 17 m 0 s	10 March 1978				Visited Salyut 6 (3).
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
28			15 June 1978	79 d 15 h 23 m 0 s	3 September 1978	V. Kovalyonok launch V. Bykovsky landing	A. Ivanchenkov launch S. Jähn landing		Visited Salyut 6 (4); returned with crew of Soyuz 31.
29			27 June 1978	7 d 22 h 2 m 59 s	5 July 1978		M. Hermaszewski		Visited Salyut 6 (5).
30			26 August 1978	67 d 20 h 12 m 47 s	2 November 1978	V. Bykovsky launch V. Kovalyonok landing	S. Jähn launch A. Ivanchenkov landing		Visited Salyut 6 (6); returned with crew of Soyuz 29.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
31			25 February 1979	108 d 4 h 24 m 37 s	13 June 1979	V. Lyakhov launch	V. Ryumin launch		Visited Salyut 6 (7). Vehicle returned without crew.
32			10 April 1979	1 d 23 h 1 m 6 s	12 April 1979		G. Ivanov		Failed to dock with Salyut 6.
33			6 June 1979	73 d 18 h 16 m 45 s	19 August 1979	V. Lyakhov landing	V. Ryumin landing		Launched uncrewed to Salyut 6, returned with crew of Soyuz 32.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
34			9 April 1980	55 d 1 h 28 m 1 s	3 June 1980	L. Popov launch V. Kubasov landing	V. Ryumin launch B. Farkas landing		Visited Salyut 6 (8); returned with crew of Soyuz 36.
35			26 May 1980	65 d 20 h 54 m 23 s	31 July 1980	V. Kubasov launch V. Gorbatko landing	B. Farkas launch T. Phạm landing		Visited Salyut 6 (9); returned crew of Soyuz 37.
36			5 June 1980	3 d 22 h 19 m 30 s	9 June 1980				Visited Salyut 6 (10); test of new model Soyuz spacecraft.
37			23 July 1980	79 d 15 h 16 m 54 s	11 October 1980	V. Gorbatko launch L. Popov landing	T. Phạm launch V. Ryumin landing		Visited Salyut 6 (11); returned crew of Soyuz 35.
38			18 September 1980	7 d 20 h 43 m 24 s	26 September 1980		A. Tamayo		Visited Salyut 6 (12).
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
39			27 November 1980	12 d 19 h 7 m 42 s	10 December 1980				Visited Salyut 6 (13). Test of first 3-seat Soyuz since 1971.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
40			12 March 1981	74 d 17 h 37 m 23 s	26 May 1981				Visited Salyut 6 (14).
41			22 March 1981	7 d 20 h 42 m 3 s	30 March 1981		Jügderdemidiin Gürragchaa		Visited Salyut 6 (15).
42			14 May 1981	7 d 20 h 41 m 52 s	22 May 1981		D. Prunariu		Visited Salyut 6 (16).
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
43			13 May 1982	106 d 5 h 6 m 11 s	27 August 1982	A. Berezovoy launch L. Popov landing	V. Lebedev launch A. Serebrov landing	S. Savitskaya landing	Visited Salyut 7 (1). Returned crew of Soyuz T-7.
44			24 June 1982	7 d 21 h 50 m 52 s	2 July 1982			J.-L. Chrétien	Visited Salyut 7 (2).
45			19 August 1982	113 d 1 h 50 m 44 s	10 December 1982	L. Popov launch A. Berezovoy landing	A. Serebrov launch V. Lebedev landing	S. Savitskaya launch	Visited Salyut 7 (3), returned crew of Soyuz T-5. Second woman in space.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
46			20 April 1983	2 d 0 h 17 m 48 s	22 April 1983				Failed to dock with Salyut 7.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
47			27 June 1983	149 d 10 h 45 m 0 s	23 November 1983				Visited Salyut 7 (4).
48			26 September 1983	5 m 13 s	26 September 1983				Rocket exploded before launch; crew capsule removed by escape system.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
49			8 February 1984	62 d 22 h 41 m 22 s	11 April 1984	L. Kizim launch Yu. Malyshev landing	V. Solovyov launch G. Strekalov landing	O. Atkov launch R. Sharma landing	Visited Salyut 7 (5). Returned crew of Soyuz T-11.
50			3 April 1984	181 d 21 h 48 m 0 s	2 October 1984	Yu. Malyshev launch L. Kizim landing	G. Strekalov launch V. Solovyov landing	R. Sharma launch O. Atkov landing	Visited Salyut 7 (6). Returned crew of Soyuz T-10.
51			17 July 1984	11 d 19 h 14 m 36 s	29 July 1984				Visited Salyut 7 (7).
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
52			6 June 1985	112 d 3 h 12 m 0 s	26 September 1985		V. Savinykh launch G. Grechko landing		Visited and reactivated Salyut 7 (8). Exchanged crew member with Soyuz T-14.
53			17 September 1985	64 d 21 h 52 m 8 s	21 November 1985			G. Grechko launch V. Savinykh landing	Visited Salyut 7 (9). Exchanged crew member with Soyuz T-13. Mission ended early due to Vasyutin's illness.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
54			13 March 1986	125 d 0 h 0 m 56 s	16 July 1986				Visited Mir (1) and Salyut 7 (10).
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space

Crewed Soyuz-TM Mir missions (1987–1991)

Order	Patch	Mission	Launch	Duration	Landing	width=270 colspan="3"	Crew	Notes
55			5 February 1987	174 d 3 h 25 m 56 s	30 July 1987	Yu. Romanenko launch A. Viktorenko landing		M. Faris landing	Visited Mir (2). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-3.
56			22 July 1987	160 d 7 h 25 m 56 s	29 December 1987	A. Viktorenko launch Yu. Romanenko landing		M. Faris launch A. Levchenko landing	Visited Mir (3). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-2 and TM-4.
57			21 December 1987	178 d 22 h 54 m 29 s	17 June 1988	V. Titov launch A. Solovyev landing	M. Manarov launch V. Savinykh landing	A. Levchenko launch A. Aleksandrov landing	Visited Mir (4). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-5.
58			7 June 1988	91 d 10 h 46 m 25 s	7 September 1988	A. Solovyev launch V. Lyakhov landing	V. Savinykh launch	A. Aleksandrov launch A. Mohmand landing	Visited Mir (5). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-6. Difficulties with rocket firing to leave orbit.
59			29 August 1988	114 d 5 h 33 m 49 s	21 December 1988	V. Lyakhov launch V. Titov landing	V. Polyakov launch M. Manarov landing	A. Mohmand launch J.-L. Chrétien landing	Visited Mir (6). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-4 and TM-7
60			26 November 1988	151 d 11 h 8 m 24 s	27 April 1989			J.-L. Chrétien launch V. Polyakov landing	Visited Mir (7). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-6.
no Soviet space station occupied and crew in space
61			5 September 1989	166 d 6 h 58 m 15 s	19 February 1990				Visited Mir (8).
62			11 February 1990	179 d 1 h 17 m 57 s	9 August 1990				Visited Mir (9).
63			1 August 1990	130 d 20 h 35 m 51 s	10 December 1990			T. Akiyama^1 landing	Visited Mir (10). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-11.
64			2 December 1990	175 d 1 h 50 m 41 s	26 May 1991			T. Akiyama^1 launch H. Sharman^1 landing	Visited Mir (11). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-12.
65			18 May 1991	144 d 15 h 21 m 50 s	10 October 1991		S. Krikalev launch T. Aubakirov landing	H. Sharman^1 launch F. Viehböck landing	Visited Mir (12). Returned crew from Soyuz TM-13.
66			2 October 1991	175 d 2 h 51 m 44 s	25 March 1992		T. Aubakirov launch S. Krikalev landing	F. Viehböck launch K.-D. Flade landing	Visited Mir (13). Returned cosmonaut from Soyuz TM-14. The Soviet Union had dissolved by the time the craft returned to earth.

For subsequent Soyuz missions conducted by the Russian Federal Space Agency, see List of Russian human spaceflight missions.

Notes

¹ Commercially funded cosmonaut or other "spaceflight participant".

See also

• List of Progress flights, with all flights of the Progress resupply craft that is based on the Soyuz spacecraft

Notes and References

1. Web site: Fifty years ago, first woman to fly in space wore world's first mission patch. June 14, 2013. 13 July 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20190322013952/http://www.collectspace.com/news/news-061413a.html. 22 March 2019. live.
2. Web site: Zvezda 'Rocket'. January 19, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20170601075003/http://www.spacepatches.nl/salyut/cccp.html. 1 June 2017. live.
3. Web site: Soyuz 3. Spacepatches. May 27, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200125171338/http://www.spacepatches.nl/soyuz/soyuz3.html. January 25, 2020. live.
4. Web site: Эмблемы на скафандрах. ru. https://web.archive.org/web/20120922000810/http://www.novosti-kosmonavtiki.ru/content/numbers/213/47.shtml. 22 September 2012. dead.
5. Web site: Vostok 1. https://web.archive.org/web/20020419041313/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/vostok1.htm. dead. 19 April 2002. Encyclopedia Astronautica. 2015-11-27.
6. Web site: Vostok 2. Encyclopedia Astronautica. 2015-11-27. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924045110/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/vostok2.htm. 24 September 2015.
7. Web site: Vostok 3. Encyclopedia Astronautica. 2015-11-27. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20081227150555/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/vostok3.htm. 27 December 2008.
8. Web site: Vostok 4. Encyclopedia Astronautica. 2015-11-27. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050140/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/vostok4.htm. 24 September 2015.
9. Web site: Vostok 5. Encyclopedia Astronautica. 2015-11-27. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050144/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/vostok5.htm. 24 September 2015.
10. Web site: Vostok 6. Encyclopedia Astronautica. 2015-11-27. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20131108102000/http://www.astronautix.com/flights/vostok6.htm. 8 November 2013.