List of Slovenian domestic animal breeds explained

List of Slovenian domestic animal breeds lists Slovenian local breeds of domesticated animals.^[1] This list includes all animal breeds that are locally adapted in Slovenia, being either autochthonous either traditional.^{[2] [3]} The most widespread classification lists 15 (or 16) Slovenian autochthonous breeds, while there are 13 recognized Slovenian traditional breeds.^{[4] [5]}

Slovenian autochthonous breeds are Styrian Hen, Bosnian Mountain Horse,^[6] Lipizzan, Posavac, Slovenian Cold-blood, Cika cattle, Krškopolje pig, Bela Krajina Pramenka, Bovec sheep, Jezersko-Solčava sheep, Improved Jezersko-Solčava sheep,^[7] Istrian milk, Drežnica goat, Karst Shepherd dog and Carniolan honey bee (some also include marble trout). Slovenian traditional breeds are as follows: Slovenian Barred Hen, Slovenian Brown Hen, Slovene Late-feathered Hen, Slovenian Silver Hen, Haflinger, Ljutomer Trotter, Braunvieh, Fleckvieh, Slovenian Landrace – line 11, Slovenian Landrace – line 55, Slovenian Large White, Slovenian Alpine goat and Slovenian Saanen goat.

Division of Slovenian breeds

Slovenian breeds:^{[8] [9]}

• Local (locally adapted) breeds
  • Autochthonous breeds
  • Traditional breeds
• Introduced breeds
  • Allochthonous breeds
  • Exotic breeds

Autochthonous breeds

Autochthonous breeds are all of those domestic animal breeds that originate from the Slovenian area and have historical documents, proving their country of origin. Some autochthonous breeds are cross-border and have been developed in various countries, meaning they can be recognized as autochthonous in multiple countries.

Additional mandatory conditions, that define and determine a status of autochthonous breed, are a breed register, a breed standard and limited, as well as supervised influx of other breeds' genes.^[10] Slovenian laws require autochthonous breeds to have a breed register of at least five animal generations, bred in Slovenia. Before obtaining the status of autochthonous a breed has to have a title of traditional breed.

Horses

English name	Local names	Scientific name	Origin	Number	Image	Notes
Bosnian Mountain Horse^[16]	Bosanski planinski konj, bosanski konj, planinski konj, domači konj^[17]	Equus caballus	Balkan Peninsula,^[18] native to countries of former Yugoslavia^[19]	Around 300 across the world		The oldest autochthonous horse breed on Balkan Peninsula. Accepted among autochthonous breeds in Slovenia despite some hesitation. To Slovenia the breed probably arrived in 15th century with Uskoks.^[20]
Lipizzan^[21]	Lipicanski konj,^[22] lipicanec^[23]	Equus caballus	Lipica, Slovenian Karst	Around 1220 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[24]		Warmblood. Foals are black or bay. While aging horses become gray.
Posavac,^[25] Posavje horse^[26]	Posavski konj, posavec^[27]	Equus caballus	Sava, mostly Lower Sava Valley	Around 1910 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[28]		Smaller cold-blood. Phenomenon of sexual dimorphism; stallions are more robust than mares.
Slovenian Cold-blood, Slovenian Cold-blooded Horse^[29]	Slovenski hladnokrvni konj	Equus caballus	Northeastern Slovenia and Upper Carniola^[30]	Around 3050 in Slovenia (y. 2020)		Mostly bay or black medium-sized cold-blooded horse.

Sheep

English name	Local names	Scientific name	Origin	Number	Image	Notes
Bela Krajina Pramenka^[40]	Belokranjska pramenka, ovca BP^[41]	Ovis aries	Near river Kolpa between Vinica, Adlešiči and Črnomelj (breed got its name after White Carniola, in Slovene language Bela krajina)^[42]	Around 1135–1200 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[43]		Mostly black ears, black colour (spots or blotches) is also around eyes and on sheep's legs.
Bovec sheep^[44]	Bovška ovca, trentarka (in valley Trenta),^[45] ovca B^[46]	Ovis aries	Valley of Soča, Bovec, Tolmin	Around 2930–3800 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[47]		White sheep with some black-white and brown individuals.
Improved Jezersko-Solčava sheep^[48]	Oplemenjena jezersko-solčavska ovca, ovca JSR^[49]	Ovis aries	A consequence of breeding Slovenian Jezersko-Solčava sheep with Russian Romanov sheep.	Around 92 000 in Slovenia (y. 2003),^[50] the most numerous sheep breed in Slovenia		White wool, dark individuals are a result of crossbreeding with Romanov sheep.
Istrian milk,^[51] Istrian Pramenka^[52]	Istrska pramenka, ovca IP,^[53] istrijanka, primorska ovca, ovca surove volne, kraška ovca^[54]	Ovis aries	Karst and Istria	Around 930–1100 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[55]		Sheep are white, with blackish spots covering their trunk and head. Some animals are black. This breed's feature is a poor hairiness of animal's legs.^[56]
Jezersko-Solčava sheep^[57]	Jezersko-solčavska ovca, ovca JS^[58]	Ovis aries	Eastern regions of Slovenian Alps	Around 5150–15 000 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[59]		Jezersko-Solčava sheep are white and often have darker area around, as well as below their eyes (so-called tear). Of black colour are also tips of sheep's ears.

Dogs

In the past Slovenian cynologists made some major contributions to breeding three additional Yugoslavian dog breeds, which were later assigned to Croatia and Montenegro by Fédération Cynologique Internationale. These breeds are Montenegrin Mountain Hound, now belonging to Montenegro,^[70] Posavac Hound^[71] and Istrian Hound (Coarse-haired and Short-haired) – both owned by Croatia.^{[72] [73]}

Other

Some classifications of Slovenian autochthonous breeds also include marble trout (Salmo marmoratus).^[80]

Traditional breeds

Unlike an autochthonous breed a Slovenian traditional breed does not originate from the Slovenian area (it is of foreign origin). However a traditional breed has a long history of breeding in the region of Republic of Slovenia.

The Official Gazette, number 77/04, titled List of autochthonous and traditional breeds of domestic animals, requires Slovenian traditional breeds to be continuously bred by Slovenian breeders for at least 30 years (for poultry, pigs, sheep, goats and cattle) or 50 years (for other species). Another mandatory condition is an existence of breed register that proves a breed is being raised in Slovenia for at least 5 generations.

An additional requirement is a proper breed's name; a Slovenian traditional breed should have the word "slovenska" ("Slovenian") or a name of any other Slovene human settlement in its name.

Poultry

English name	Local names	Scientific name	Origin	Number	Image	Notes
Slovenian Barred Hen^[84]	Slovenska grahasta kokoš, SGK^[85]	Gallus gallus domesticus	Bred on the Department of Animal Science, BF UL, from Barred and White Plymouth Rock	Around 1270 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[86]		Serves for a production of commercial chicken. When cross-breeding a hen of the Slovenian Barred and a rooster of the Slovenian Brown the result is so-called Prelux-Č (prelux črna in Slovenian, Prelux Black in English). Prelux-G (prelux grahasta in Slovenian, Prelux Barred in English) is a consequence of breeding a rooster of the Slovenian Barred with a hen of the Slovenian Brown.^[87] Mostly used for egg production (light type).
Slovenian Brown Hen	Slovenska rjava kokoš, SRK	Gallus gallus domesticus	Bred on the Department of Animal Science, BF UL, from American chicken breed Rhode Island Red	Around 2910 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[88]		Serves for a production of commercial chicken. So-called Prelux-R (prelux rjava in Slovenian, Prelux Brown in English) is a consequence of crossbreeding a hen of the Slovenian Silver with a rooster of the Slovenian Brown. When cross-breeding a hen of the Slovenian Barred and a rooster of the Slovenian Brown the result is so-called Prelux-Č. Prelux-G is a consequence of breeding a rooster of the Slovenian Barred with a hen of the Slovenian Brown. Mostly used for egg production (light type).
Slovene Late-feathered Hen,^[89] Slovenian Slow Feathering Hen^[90]	Slovenska pozno operjena kokoš, SPOK	Gallus gallus domesticus	Bred on the Department of Animal Science, BF UL, from American White Plymouth Rock	Around 340 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[91]		Serves for a production of broilers (so-called Prelux-BRO). Heavy chicken breed.
Slovenian Silver Hen	Slovenska srebrna kokoš, SSK	Gallus gallus domesticus	Bred on the Department of Animal Science, BF UL, from multiple chicken breeds	Around 920 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[92]		Serves for a production of commercial chicken. So-called Prelux-R is a consequence of crossbreeding a hen of the Slovenian Silver with a rooster of the Slovenian Brown. Mostly used for egg production (light type).

In the past the Slovene Early-feathered Hen and Slovenian Fathering Hen were also included among Slovenian traditional breeds of domestic animals.^[93] In 2013 financial problems caused both breeds to be removed from the list of Slovenian heavy locally adapted chicken breeds, making the Slovene Late-feathered Hen the only currently listed breed.

Horses

English name	Local names	Scientific name	Origin	Number	Image	Notes
Haflinger^[94]	Haflinški konj, haflinger^[95]	Equus caballus	Tyrol	Around 300 000 across the world, around 570 in Slovenia (l. 2020)^[96]		The breed is a results of breeding Arabians with Alpine mares.
Ljutomer Trotter^[97]	Ljutomerski kasač, ljutomerec^[98]	Equus caballus	Ljutomer^[99]	Around 400 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[100]		Some Slovenian experts think Ljutomer Trotter meets all the criteria needed for obtaining the status of a Slovenian autochthonous breed.

Cattle

English name	Local names	Scientific name	Origin	Number	Image	Notes
Braunvieh,^[101] Slovenian Brown, Brown Swiss^[102]	Rjavo govedo, slovensko rjavo govedo, sivka, sivorjavo govedo^[103]	Bos taurus	Switzerland, Austrian states Vorarlberg and Tyrol, German Bavaria	Around 23 000 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[104]		Brown to gray dairy cow. This breed's feature is a pronounced chest.
Fleckvieh^[105]	Lisasto govedo	Bos taurus	Western Switzerland, originating from Swiss Simmental cattle	More than 200 000 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[106]		Typical brown cows with white blotches.

Pigs

English name	Local names	Scientific name	Origin	Number	Image	Notes
Slovenian Landrace – line 11^[107]	Slovenska landrace – linija 11, slovenski landrace linija 11,^[108] švedska landrace,^[109] švedska landras	Sus scrofa domestica	Sweden, Norway and Denmark	Around 4890 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[110]		Middle-sized white pigs, raised for giving meat.^[111]
Slovenian Landrace – line 55^[112]	Slovenska landrace – linija 55, nemška landrace, nemška landras	Sus scrofa domestica	Germany	Around 45 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[113]		The breed's feature is high growth capacity.
Slovenian Large White	Slovenski veliki beli prašič, large white, Yorkshire, Edelschwein, veliki jorkšir,^[114] slovenska velika bela (linija 22)	Sus scrofa domestica	Great Britain	Around 870 in Slovenia (y. 2020)^[115]		White breed of big pigs.

Goats

English name	Local names	Scientific name	Origin	Number	Image	Notes
Slovenian Alpine goat^[116]	Slovenska srnasta koza, koza SR^[117]	Capra hircus	Alps	Around 15 800 in Slovenia (y. 2003), the most numerous goat breed in Slovenia		Goats were improved with different Alpine breeds from Germany and France. Animals are of various colours; from gray to light and dark shades of brown. Slovenian Alpine goat's well-known feature is a black line running across an animal's back.
Slovenian Saanen goat^[118]	Slovenska sanska koza, koza SA^[119]	Capra hircus	Valley Saanen in Switzerland	Around 4700 in Slovenia (y. 2003)		White breed, which is a result of crossbreeding a couple of Slovenian goats and Swiss Saanen goat.

Notes and References

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2. Web site: Lojen. Karolina. 2010. Pregled zgodovinskih virov o slovenski avtohtoni pasmi - štajerska kokoš : diplomsko delo, univerzitetni študij. repozitorij.uni-lj.si. sl. 2021-09-28.
3. Web site: Working definitions for use in developing country reports and providing supporting data. www.fao.org. 2021-09-28.
4. Web site: Čokl. Andreja. 2020-06-02. 13 avtohtonih, 14 tradicionalnih …. Radio Prvi. sl. 2021-09-28.
5. Web site: 2021-10-12. Danijela Bojkovski: "Avtohtone pasme so naložba za prihodnost". 2021-10-18. www.vecer.com. sl-si.
6. https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MKGP/POSVETOVALNA-TELESA/SVET-ZA-ZIVINOREJO/Mandat-2019-2023/Zapisnik-6.seja-6.-7.-2021.pdf Zapisnik 6. seje Sveta za Živinorejo.
7. https://www.gov.si/assets/ministrstva/MKGP/POSVETOVALNA-TELESA/SVET-ZA-ZIVINOREJO/Mandat-2019-2023/Zapisnik-5.-seje-5.-5.-2021.pdf Zapisnik 5. seje Sveta za Živinorejo.
8. Web site: Pravilnik o ohranjanju biotske raznovrstnosti v živinoreji. pisrs. sl. 2021-09-29.
9. Book: 2006. Andrej. Drago. Miran. Špela. Slovenian. Šalehar. Kompan. Kastelic. Malovrh. Domžale. 455948414. Biotehniška fakulteta, Oddelek za zootehniko. Lokalne pasme: opisi, podpore in definicije.
10. Book: 2020. Antonija. Dušan. Janez. Olga. 978-961-203-484-9. sl. Holcman. Terčič. Salobir. Zorman-Rojs. Ljubljana. 1146270237. Kmečki glas. Perutnina : reja kokoši, pur, gosi, rac, prepelic.
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94. Web site: Slovenia – World Haflinger Breeding & Sports Federation. 2021-09-30. www.haflinger-world.com.
95. https://www.haflinger-slovenija.si/images/dokumenti/Haflinger-Rejski_program_2017.pdf Rejski program za pasmo haflinški konj
96. Web site: Haflinški konj / Slovenia (Horse). fao-dadis-breed-detail.web.app. 2021-09-29.
97. Web site: Ljutomer Trotter. 2021-09-30.
98. Web site: Vrhunski športnik na štirih nogah: hiter, drzen, močan in avtohton. www.24ur.com. sl. 2021-09-29.
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