List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Kent explained

Kent is a county in the south-eastern corner of England. It is bounded to the north by Greater London and the Thames Estuary, to the west by Sussex and Surrey, and to the south and east by the English Channel and the North Sea. The county town is Maidstone.[1] It is governed by Kent County Council, with twelve district councils, Ashford, Canterbury, Dartford, Dover, Folkestone and Hythe, Gravesham, Maidstone, Thanet, Tonbridge and Malling and Tunbridge Wells. Medway is a separate unitary authority.[2] [3] The chalk hills of the North Downs run from east to west through the county, with the wooded Weald to the south. The coastline is alternately flat and cliff-lined.[1] In England, Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs) are designated by Natural England, which is responsible for protecting England's natural environment. Designation as an SSSI gives legal protection to the most important wildlife and geological sites.[4] As of May 2018, there are 98 sites designated in Kent.[5] There are 21 sites which have been designated for their geological interest, 67 for their biological interest, and 10 for both reasons.

Sixteen sites are Special Areas of Conservation, eight are Special Protection Areas, twenty-three are Nature Conservation Review sites, thirty-three are Geological Conservation Review sites, eleven are national nature reserves, nine are Ramsar internationally important wetland sites, eleven are local nature reserves, thirteen are in Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, one is on the Register of Historic Parks and Gardens of Special Historic Interest in England and two contain scheduled monuments. Seventeen sites are managed by the Kent Wildlife Trust, four by the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and seven by the National Trust.

Key

Interest

Public access

Other classifications

Sites

Site namePhotographAreaPublic accessLocationOther classificationsMapCitationDescription
Alex Farm Pastures 4.5sortable=onNaNsortable=on[6] NO Ashford
51.097°N 0.806°W
CitationThis site has unimproved neutral grassland, which is a nationally rare habitat. Some of it has been lost to scrub, but in other areas it is maintained by rabbit grazing. There are several uncommon butterflies, including the nationally scarce pearl-bordered fritillary and small pearl-bordered fritillary.[7]
Alkham, Lydden and Swingfield Woods 228.3sortable=onNaNsortable=on[8] PP Dover
51.148°N 1.23°W
NCR[9] CitationThis site is composed of several steeply sloping woods on chalk soil, together with an area of chalk grassland. The ground flora is diverse, including some unusual plants such as lady orchid in the woods and burnt orchid in the meadow.[10]
Allington Quarry 0.8sortable=onNaNsortable=on[11] NO Maidstone
51.29°N 0.498°W
GCR[12] CitationThis Pleistocene site has an extensive section through gulls (cracks in the rock) which are filled with loess. These were probably produced by seasonal freezing and thawing during the last ice age.[13]
Aylesford Pit 1.5sortable=onNaNsortable=on[14] NO Aylesford
51.308°N 0.481°W
GCR[15] CitationThis Pleistocene site in the terrace of the River Medway has yielded many mammalian bones and paleolithic artefacts, but its geographical isolation from the main Thames sequence makes precise correlation of Aylesford rocks with those laid down at the same time in Thames sites uncertain.[16]
Baker's Hole 6.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[17] NO Swanscombe
51.444°N 0.317°W
GCR[18] CitationThis internationally renowned site has yielded the largest number of stone tools and flakes in Britain dating to the Early Middle Paleolithic (325,000 to 180,000 year ago). Most of them were produced by Neanderthals using the Levallois technique.[19] [20]
Bourne Alder Carr 13.5sortable=onNaNsortable=on[21] PP Sevenoaks
51.271°N 0.301°W
CitationThe River Bourne runs through a shallow valley, and frequent flushing of the woodland on the banks with water rich in nutrients creates a rich ground flora. There is also an area of swamp around a fish pond.[22]
Brookland Wood 10.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[23] PP Tunbridge Wells
51.124°N 0.371°W
CitationThis site has diverse types of woodland and ground flora. Alder is dominant in wet areas and hazel, ash and field maple in drier ones. Small streams have a variety of mosses and liverworts.[24]
Charing Beech Hangers 52.6sortable=onNaNsortable=on[25] PP Ashford
51.201°N 0.831°W
CitationThis steeply sloping site has mature beech and oak, and the ground flora is varied with some uncommon species. Invertebrates include the rare slug Limax tenellus and several scarce moths.[26]
Chattenden Woods and Lodge Hill 351sortable=onNaNsortable=on[27] PP Rochester
51.432°N 0.525°W
CitationThis site has diverse habitats, including ancient semi-natural woodland, grassland and scrub. There are nationally important numbers of nightingales in the woods and scrub during the breeding season, and invertebrates include nationally scarce moths.[28]
Chequer's Wood and Old Park 106.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[29] NO Canterbury
51.285°N 1.115°W
GCR[30] CitationThis site includes Fordwich Pit, which has yielded a large collection of early Acheulian handaxes, between 550,000 and 300,000 old. Habitats include alder wood in a valley bottom, acidic grassland on dry sandy soil, oak and birch woodland, scrub and a pond.[31] [32]
Church Woods, Blean 526.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[33] YES Canterbury
51.301°N 1.015°W
NCR,[34] NNR,[35] RSPB,[36] SAC[37] CitationThis broadleaved coppice with standards wood has a diverse range of trees, a rich ground flora, a wide variety of birds and many uncommon invertebrates, including the nationally rare heath fritillary butterfly.[38]
Cobham Woods 242.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[39] YES Rochester
51.388°N 0.439°W
AONB,[40] NT[41] CitationThese woods are partly on acidic Thanet Sands and partly on chalk soils. There is also an area of arable land which has some uncommon plants, including the very rare and protected rough marsh-mallow, which has been recorded on the site since 1792.[42]
Combwell Wood 110.6sortable=onNaNsortable=on[43] FP Cranbrook
51.081°N 0.434°W
AONB[44] CitationMuch of this ancient wood has traditionally been coppiced, but there has probably been undisturbed woodland on steep slopes, and uncommon bryophytes here are thought to be survivors from the Atlantic warm period around 5,000 years ago. There are also several nationally scarce water beetles.[45]
Cowden Meadow 1.1sortable=onNaNsortable=on[46] FP Edenbridge
51.153°N 0.115°W
CitationThis site has flora which are found on grassland sites which have not been cultivated for many years, such as quaking grass, oxeye daisy and pepper saxifrage. Wetter areas are dominated by hard rush.[47]
Cowden Pound Pastures 5.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[48] NO Edenbridge
51.169°N 0.086°W
KWT[49] CitationThis is unimproved neutral grassland, which is a nationally rare habitat, and it is grazed to prevent scrub invading the pasture. Grasses include crested dog's tail and common knapweed, and an area of wet grassland by a stream has jointed rush and water mint.[50]
Dalham Farm 8.8sortable=onNaNsortable=on[51] PP Rochester
51.449°N 0.557°W
GCR[52] CitationThe farm shows mass movement of rock and soil on a shallow 8% slope of London Clay, which is seen in ridges across the site. It may be the lowest angled slope failure in Britain, and is important in demonstrating slope degradation where there is no coastal erosion.[53]
Darenth Wood 122.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[54] YES Dartford
51.426°N 0.267°W
CitationThis ancient semi-natural wood has many rare invertebrates, including thirty-two which are nationally scarce and two which are nationally rare: these are beetles which live in dead and dying oak timber, Grilis pannonicus and Platypus cylindricus.[55]
Dover to Kingsdown Cliffs 207.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[56] YES Dover
51.146°N 1.371°W
GCR,[57] NT,[58] SAC[59] CitationThe cliffs expose fossiliferous rocks dating to 99 and 86 million years ago, during the Late Cretaceous, which are historically important as many geological principles were tested there. The cliffs have many breeding sea birds, and there are diverse algae on the foreshore.[60]
Down Bank 5.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[61] FP Canterbury
51.23°N 0.982°W
CitationThis sloping chalk meadow has the nationally endangered black-veined moth and twenty-eight species of butterfly, including the nationally scarce Duke of Burgundy. Grassland flora include two nationally scarce species, small bedstraw and man orchid.[62]
Dryhill 11.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[63] YES Sevenoaks
51.276°N 0.149°W
GCR,[64] LNR[65] CitationThis former quarry exposes rocks dating to the Aptian stage in the early Cretaceous, around 120 million years ago. It is famous for its rich and diverse brachiopod and bivalve fossils, which are important for palaeoecological research.[66]
Dungeness, Romney Marsh and Rye Bay 10172.9sortable=onNaNsortable=onPP Romney Marsh
50.946°N 0.857°W
AONB,[67] GCR,[68] KWT,[69] LNR,[70] NNR,[71] Ramsar,[72] RSPB,[73] SAC,[74] SPA[75] CitationNationally important habitats in this site are saltmarsh, sand dunes, vegetated shingle, saline lagoons, standing waters, lowland ditch systems, and basin fens, and it has many rare and endangered species of fauna and flora. It is geologically important as its deposits display the chronology of coastal evolution.[76]
East Blean Woods 151.3sortable=onNaNsortable=on[77] YES Canterbury
51.335°N 1.14°W
KWT,[78] NCR, NNR[79] SACCitationThis site has mixed coppice with some mature oaks. Insects include the rare and protected heath fritillary butterfly, and there is a wide variety of woodland birds.[80]
Ellenden Wood 90.6sortable=onNaNsortable=on[81] YES Whitstable
51.322°N 1.014°W
NCR,[82] SACCitationThis wood has diverse flora with over 250 species of vascular plants and 300 of fungi. Insects include 3 species which are nationally rare, and there are mammals such as wood mice, dormice and two species of shrew.[83]
Farningham Wood 74.2sortable=onNaNsortable=on[84] YES Dartford
51.391°N 0.213°W
LNR[85] CitationThis wood has a variety of soil conditions, resulting in diverse ground flora and invertebrates, some of which are typical ancient woodland. Ponds in the middle support several species of amphibian, and the nationally rare hoverfly Volucella inanis has been recorded on the site.[86]
Folkestone to Etchinghill Escarpment 263.2sortable=onNaNsortable=on[87] PP Folkestone
51.103°N 1.13°W
GCR,[88] [89] NCR,[90] SAC[91] CitationA large area of chalk grassland has three nationally rare plants, late spider orchid, early spider orchid and bedstraw broomrape. Asholt Wood has outstanding lichen flora. The site also includes Holywell Coombe, a key geological site displaying the sequence of mollusc fossils in the late Pleistocene and Holocene.[92]
Folkestone Warren 316.3sortable=onNaNsortable=on[93] PP Folkestone
51.099°N 1.237°W
GCR,[94] [95] [96] LNR,[97] NCR[98] CitationThese chalk cliffs have several nationally rare plants and they provide a location for cliff nesting and wintering birds. The SSSI also contains two internationally important reference sites for study of the Cretaceous period.[99]
Gibbin's Brook 16.8sortable=onNaNsortable=on[100] YES Ashford
51.107°N 1.021°W
CitationThis site is mainly marshy grassland, but it also has a stream, a pond and small areas of bog and dry acidic grassland. It is notable for its invertebrates, especially moths.[101]
Great Crabbles Wood 33sortable=onNaNsortable=on[102] YES Gravesend
51.406°N 0.446°W
CitationMost of the wood is mixed coppice, with sweet chestnut dominant and oak standards. There are scarce flora such as lady and man and bird's nest orchids, white helleborine and wild liquorice.[103]
Great Shuttlesfield Down 21.8sortable=onNaNsortable=on[104] FP Folkestone
51.126°N 1.108°W
CitationThis unimproved grassland is dominated by sheep's fescue, upright brome and tor-grass, and it is grazed by sheep and cattle. Notable invertebrates are the rare adonis blue butterfly and two solitary wasps, Crossocerus cetratus and Crossocerus styrius.[105]
Greatness Brickworks 7.8sortable=onNaNsortable=on[106] NO Sevenoaks
51.298°N 0.2°W
GCR,[107] CitationThis Cretaceous site is highly fossiliferous, with many ammonites. It is described by Natural England as "of vital importance in biostratigraphic research on the Gault of the Weald".[108]
Halling to Trottiscliffe Escarpment 600.6sortable=onNaNsortable=on[109] PP Rochester
51.35°N 0.404°W
NCR,[110] SAC[111] CitationThis site on the North Downs has grassland and beech woodland on chalk soil. It is entomologically important, with uncommon insects such as the bug Psylla viburni, and it is the only known location in Britain for the moth Hypercallia citrinalis.[112]
Ham Street Woods 175.2sortable=onNaNsortable=on[113] YES Ashford
51.073°N 0.866°W
NCR,[114] NNR[115] CitationThis semi-natural wood is more than 400 years old, and it has rich and diverse invertebrates, including 12 rare or scarce dead wood species, such as the nationally rare beetle, Tomoxia biguttata.[116]
Hart Hill 1.4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[117] NO Ashford
51.222°N 0.78°W
GCR[118] CitationThis site is controversial as it exposes the Lenham Beds, the date of which have been disputed, but they are now thought to be Pliocene on the basis of their marine bivalves and gastropods.[119]
Hatch Park 71.8sortable=onNaNsortable=on[120] NO Ashford
51.129°N 0.946°W
RHPG[121] CitationThis site has species-rich acidic grassland which is the remnant of a larger deer park, and is still managed by a herd of deer. There are also ancient pollard woods which are the richest for epiphytic lichens in the county. Several ponds have adjacent areas of marsh.[122]
High Rocks 3.3sortable=onNaNsortable=on[123] PP Tunbridge Wells
51.113°N 0.226°W
GCR[124] CitationThis Pleistocene site is described by Natural England as "a key geomorphological site for sandstone weathering features developed on the highest cliffs in the Weald". The Ardingly Sandstone has micro-cracking of unknown origin.[125]
Hoad's Wood 80.5sortable=onNaNsortable=on[126] NO Ashford
51.148°N 0.79°W
CitationThis oak and hornbeam wood is outstanding for its insects, especially butterflies and moths, with two which are nationally rare, the broad-bordered beehawk and black-veined moths. There are diverse breeding birds.[127]
Holborough to Burham Marshes 149.8sortable=onNaNsortable=on[128] YES Snodland
51.328°N 0.456°W
KWT[129] CitationThis site is in the tidal flood plain of the River Medway. It has diverse habitats, with reedbeds, fen, grassland, woodland, scrub and a flooded gravel pit, which attracts wintering wildfowl. There are five rare invertebrates, including three bee species.[130]
Hollingbourne Downs 60.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[131] YES Maidstone
51.27°N 0.649°W
CitationThis escarpment has unimproved chalk grassland and beech woodland. The dominant grasses are tor-grass, upright brome and sheep's fescue, and shrub species on woodland margins include the wayfaring-tree and traveller's-joy.[132]
Hothfield Common 56.5sortable=onNaNsortable=on[133] YES Ashford
51.178°N 0.814°W
KWT,[134] LNR[135] CitationThis site has areas of heath and the best valley bog in the county, both habitats which are uncommon in Kent. Over a thousand insect species have been recorded, several of which are nationally rare, such as the bee Lasioglossum semilucens and the cranefly Tipula holoptera.[136]
Houlder and Monarch Hill Pits, Upper Halling 0.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[137] NO Rochester
51.345°N 0.425°W
GCR[138] CitationThis site has a sequence of deposits covering the end of the last glacial period, with two sheets of glacial deposits separated by a fossil soil assigned to the late glacial interstadial around 13,000 years ago. It provides evidence of lithostratigraphic and biostratigraphic changes during this period.[139]
Hubbard's Hill 66.6sortable=onNaNsortable=on[140] YES Sevenoaks
51.247°N 0.196°W
GCR[141] CitationThis Quaternary site exhibits solifluction (erosion by freezing and thawing). The main deposits date to the Wolstonian glaciation around 130,000 years ago, but the latest have radiocarbon dates of only 12,500 years, during the most recent Younger Dryas ice age.[142]
Ileden and Oxenden Woods 86.4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[143] YES Canterbury
51.228°N 1.175°W
CitationThese woods have a variety of soil types and diverse habitats. There is a rich bird community and ground flora, including two nationally rare orchids, narrow-lipped helleborine and lady orchid.[144]
Knole Park 383.4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[145] YES Sevenoaks
51.262°N 0.21°W
AONB.[146] NT[147] CitationThe park has acidic woodland, parkland, woods and ponds. It has the best ancient woodland invertebrates in the county, including the nationally rare beetle Platypus cylindrus and several nationally scarce species, and it also has a rich fungus flora.
Larkey Valley Wood 44.1sortable=onNaNsortable=on[148] YES Canterbury
51.257°N 1.044°W
LNR[149] CitationThis wood has diverse ground flora with some uncommon plants and many breeding birds, such as tree pipits, nuthatches and hawfinches. Flora include the scarce lady orchid.[150]
Lenham Quarry 4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[151] YES Maidstone
51.24°N 0.741°W
GCR[152] CitationThis site has been assigned to the Pliocene on the basis of its gastropod, bivalve and serpulid worm fossils. It is important because there are few exposures dating from this period in Britain.[153]
Lullingstone Park 66.4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[154] YES Sevenoaks
51.355°N 0.171°W
SM,[155] CitationSome of the pollards in this wood are over 400 years old, and it is important for invertebrates, lichens, breeding birds and fungi. Over 340 beetle species have been recorded, including two which are nationally rare.[156]
Lydden and Temple Ewell Downs 63.2sortable=onNaNsortable=onYES Dover
51.162°N 1.252°W
AONB, KWT[157] NCR,[158] NNR[159] SAC[160] CitationThis site has some of the richest chalk downland in the county. The invertebrate community is outstanding, including butterflies such as marbled whites, adonis blue and the very rare silver-spotted skipper.[161]
Lympne Escarpment 140.2sortable=onNaNsortable=on[162] PP Hythe
51.07°N 1.03°W
SM.[163] CitationThis steeply sloping site has woodland and grassland on Kentish ragstone, with many springs and flushes at the base. It is close to the sea, and the resulting high humidity allows plants such as stinking iris, which are usually confined to woods, to grow in grassland.[164]
Lynsore Bottom 70.6sortable=onNaNsortable=on[165] YES Canterbury
51.189°N 1.09°W
CitationThese coppice with standards woods have a variety of tree species. The ground flora is diverse, and the woods are also important for their breeding birds, including tawny owls, grasshopper warblerss and hawfinches.[166]
Magpie Bottom 51.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[167] YES Sevenoaks
51.329°N 0.216°W
CitationThis steeply sloping area of chalk grassland has diverse herb flora, including the nationally rare Kentish milkwort and seven species of orchid, such as the scarce man orchid. There are also areas of woodland and scrub.[168]
Marden Meadows 3.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[169] PP Tonbridge
51.173°N 0.518°W
KWT[170] CitationThese unimproved neutral meadows are cut for hay each year and then grazed. There are also ponds and hedgerows which are probably of ancient origin, and trees include midland hawthorns and wild service-trees.[171]
Medway Estuary and Marshes 4478.8sortable=onNaNsortable=on[172] PP Sittingbourne
51.408°N 0.657°W
NCR,[173] Ramsar,[174] SPA[175] CitationThis site is internationally important for its wintering birds, and nationally important for its breeding birds. It is also has an outstanding flora, such as the nationally rare oak-leaved goosefoot and the nationally scarce slender hare's-ear.[176]
Northward Hill 52.5sortable=onNaNsortable=on[177] YES Rochester
51.457°N 0.562°W
NCR,[178] NNR,[179] RSPB.[180] CitationThis site has mixed woodland, scrub, ponds, grassland and bracken. It has the largest heronry in Britain, with more than 200 pairs, and insects include the scarce sloe carpet and least carpet moths.[181]
Oaken Wood 18.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[182] YES Maidstone
51.267°N 0.437°W
GCR,[183] CitationThis site provides the best example of a very unusual topography, with cracking and tilting of underlying weaker strata during the Pleistocene by periglacial processes producing crests and troughs in the surface rocks.[184]
Oldbury and Seal Chart 212.4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[185] YES Sevenoaks
51.279°N 0.255°W
AONB, NT[186] CitationMore than 250 species of fungi have been recorded in this site, including 10 which are rare or scarce. There are also molluscs which are characteristic of ancient woodland, including the rare snail Phenacolumax major and the scarce slug Limax tenellus.[187]
One Tree Hill and Bitchet Common 79.2sortable=onNaNsortable=on[188] YES Sevenoaks
51.258°N 0.244°W
AONB,[189] NT[190] CitationThis site has mixed woodland on the Lower Greensand, some of it of ancient origin. The habitats are varied, including acidic soils on Bitchet Common and damp, base-rich soils in Martins Wood. There are several rare plants and invertebrates.
Orlestone Forest 347.6sortable=onNaNsortable=on[191] PP Ashford
51.08°N 0.83°W
NCRCitationThis site is described by Natural England as "an important invertebrate locality of national significance". Hundreds of invertebrate species have been recorded, including 39 which are nationally rare and 134 which are nationally scarce. Several are only known in Britain on this site.[192]
Otford to Shoreham Downs 145.1sortable=onNaNsortable=on[193] PP Sevenoaks
51.335°N 0.199°W
AONB, KWT[194] CitationThese downs have woodland, scrub and species-rich chalk grassland, which has been traditionally managed by grazing. A decline in grazing has caused the chalk downland to become overgrown, but it is still very species diverse, with over a hundred plants recorded.[195]
Otterpool Quarry 10.2sortable=onNaNsortable=on[196] NO Lympne
51.088°N 1.014°W
GCR[197] CitationThis quarry exposes rocks dating to the Cretaceous period, and shows the contact between the Hythe and Sandgate beds. It is very rich in fossil ammonites, with species which can be correlated elsewhere.[198]
Park Wood, Chilham 31.1sortable=onNaNsortable=on[199] YES Canterbury
51.236°N 0.925°W
CitationThis wood is mainly hazel and hornbeam coppice with oak standards, and diverse shrub and ground layers. There are many breeding birds and invertebrates, including two which are rare, the wasp Crossocerus distinguendus and the fly Stratiomys potamida.[200]
Parkgate Down 7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[201] YES Canterbury
51.171°N 1.01°W
KWT,[202] SAC[203] CitationThis downland site has grassland which is grazed by sheep and cattle on the lower slopes and dense scrub on the upper ones. There are a variety of orchids including the uncommon lady and musk orchids.[204]
Parsonage Wood 9.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[205] YES Cranbrook
51.066°N 0.563°W
KWT[206] CitationThis is an example of a woodland ghyll in the High Weald. The trees are mainly coppiced, but some of the ground flora are species which are indicative of ancient woods, such as butcher's broom, violet helleborine and pendulous sedge.[207]
Pembury Cutting and Pit 1.6sortable=onNaNsortable=on[208] PP Tunbridge Wells
51.149°N 0.303°W
GCR[209] CitationThis site exposes rocks of the Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation, dating to the Early Cretaceous around 140 to 100 million years ago. There are many fossils of Lycopodites, an extinct plant.[210]
Peter's Pit 28.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[211] FP Rochester
51.337°N 0.464°W
SAC[212] [213] CitationThis was formerly a chalk quarry and it has an undulating terrain. There are many ponds, some of which have populations of the great crested newt, a protected species under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. The site has two reptiles, grass snakes and common European adders.[214]
Polebrook Farm 13sortable=onNaNsortable=on[215] PP Edenbridge
51.208°N 0.155°W
CitationThe field layout of this farm is believed to have remained unchanged for over 700 years. The hedges and meadows have a rich variety of flora, with at least 19 species of grasses.[216]
Preston Marshes 43.4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[217] NO Canterbury
51.297°N 1.202°W
CitationThis site in the valley of the River Little Stour is dominated by common reed, with areas of willow scrub and pasture. There are many beeding and wintering birds, such as reed buntings and sedge warblers.[218]
Purple Hill 14.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[219] NO Maidstone
51.33°N 0.6°W
NCR[220] CitationThis chalk downland site has herb-rich grassland, scrub and woods. Flora include the nationally rare Kentish milkwort and several uncommon orchids.[221]
Queendown Warren 22.2sortable=onNaNsortable=on[222] YES Sittingbourne
51.336°N 0.623°W
AONB, KWT,[223] LNR,[224] NCR, Plant,[225] SAC[226] [227] CitationThis site has dry grassland and woodland on a south facing slope. It has two rare plants, early spider orchid and meadow clary, and a rich variety of insects.[228]
River Beult 29.1sortable=onNaNsortable=on[229] PP Tonbridge
51.193°N 0.526°W
CitationThe river has a varied clay river flora, with nearly 100 recorded species. There are floating plants such as yellow water-lily in the channel and flora on the banks include amphibious bistort and celery-leaved buttercup.[230]
Robins Wood 47.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[231] FP Cranbrook
51.076°N 0.522°W
CitationThis is a deep valley along a stream in the Weald, and has the humid conditions typical of such areas. It has a diverse flora of mosses, ferns and liverworts, and woodland which is thought to date back to recolonisation after the last ice age ended 11,700 years ago.[232]
Rusthall Common 2.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[233] YES Tunbridge Wells
51.133°N 0.24°W
GCR[234] CitationThis Quaternary site is important for its examples of sandstone weathering, especially Toad Rock, which stands on a narrow base moulded by periglacial wind erosion.[235]
Sandwich Bay to Hacklinge Marshes 1790.1sortable=onNaNsortable=on[236] PP Sandwich
51.283°N 1.371°W
GCR,[237] [238] KWT,[239] LNR,[240] NCR,[241] NNR,[242] Ramsar,[243] SAC,[244] [245] SPA[246] CitationThis site has over 30 plant species and 168 invertebrates which are nationally rare and nationally scarce, and several wintering birds are present in nationally important numbers. It is also a geologically important site, with diverse fish fossils dating to the Thanetian around 57 million years ago.[247]
Scord's Wood and Brockhoult Mount 252.3sortable=onNaNsortable=on[248] PP Westerham
51.248°N 0.112°W
NCRCitationThis sloping site has the best sessile oak stands in the county. Grasslands on acidic soils are mainly common bent, heath bedstraw and sheep's sorrel, together with some heather and bracken.[249]
Scotney Castle 112.5sortable=onNaNsortable=on[250] YES Tunbridge Wells
51.091°N 0.41°W
NT[251] CitationThis site has parkland, grassland, woodland. There are dormice, a protected species, and several nationally scarce invertebrates, such as Rolph's door snail. There are man-made ponds and a moat.[252]
Seabrook Stream 24.1sortable=onNaNsortable=on[253] PP Folkestone
51.087°N 1.109°W
CitationThe main biological interest of this site lies in the sixty-seven species of cranefly which have been recorded in areas of alder carr and fen. Four are nationally scarce, including Erioptera limbata, which is only known on two other British sites, and there are also fourteen other nationally scarce invertebrate species.[254]
Sevenoaks Gravel Pits 73.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[255] PP Sevenoaks
51.291°N 0.181°W
KWT[256] CitationThis site has flooded gravel pits which have a variety of breeding and wintering birds. There are thirteen species of dragonfly, and there are also areas of reedbeds and woodland.[257]
Sheppey Cliffs and Foreshore 303.6sortable=onNaNsortable=on[258] PP Sheerness
51.421°N 0.865°W
GCR[259] [260] [261] [262] [263] CitationThis site exposes Eocene London Clay with well preserved fossil fauna and flora, which have been studied since the eighteenth century. Flora include tropical lianas. The site is botanically important for the nationally rare dragon's teeth.[264]
Shorne and Ashenbank Woods 197.4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[265] YES Gravesend
51.403°N 0.414°W
CitationThese woods have diverse and important invertebrates, especially dragonflies, beetles and true bugs, including the rare beetles Mordella holomelaena and Peltodytes caesus. Several clay workings have been landscaped to create shallow ponds designed for wildlife.[266]
Sissinghurst Park Wood 34.1sortable=onNaNsortable=on[267] NO Cranbrook
51.12°N 0.573°W
CitationThis wood is mainly sweet chestnut coppice, and the importance of the site lies in the number of rare plants found in its rides. It is the most eastern locality in Britain for ivy-leaved bellflower.[268]
South Thames Estuary and Marshes 5289sortable=onNaNsortable=on[269] PP Rochester
51.471°N 0.576°W
NCR, Ramsar,[270] RSPB,[271] SPA[272] CitationOver 20,000 waterfowl use this site, and some species are present in internationally important numbers. There are nationally scarce plants on dykes, and the diverse invertebra include nationally rare beetles, flies and true bugs.[273]
Southborough Pit 1.1sortable=onNaNsortable=on[274] PP Tunbridge Wells
51.153°N 0.276°W
GCR[275] CitationThis site dates to the Valanginian age, around 140 million years ago in the Lower Cretaceous. It is the type locality for the High Brooms Soil Bed, which contains the aquatic horsetail Equisetes lyellii.[276]
Spot Lane Quarry 0.1sortable=onNaNsortable=on[277] YES Maidstone
51.258°N 0.568°W
GCR[278] [279] CitationThis site exposes loess, probably dating to the glacial Wolstonian Stage between 352,000 and 130,000 years ago. It contains the fossils of land snails, and as loess in Britain is usually unfossiliferous, it is one of the few sites where loess fauna can be studied.[280]
Stodmarsh 623.2sortable=onNaNsortable=on[281] PP Canterbury
51.308°N 1.172°W
NCR,[282] NNR,[283] Ramsar,[284] SAC,[285] SPA[286] CitationThis site has flooded gravel pits, scrub, reed beds, grassland and alder carr, with a diverse flora and fauna. Several scarce moths have been recorded and two rare birds, cetti's warbler and the bearded tit, breed in nationally significant numbers.[287]
Sturry Pit 0.7sortable=onNaNsortable=on[288] YES Canterbury
51.304°N 1.12°W
GCR[289] CitationThis former gravel quarry has yielded many hand axes of Middle Acheulian style from the third terrace of the River Stour. It is important for understanding the chronologies of the terraces of the Thames basin in the Pleistocene.[290]
6509.4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[291] PP Faversham
51.362°N 0.873°W
KWT,[292] LNR,[293] NCR, NNR,[294] [295] Ramsar,[296] SPA[297] CitationThis site has mudflats, saltmarsh and fresh water marsh. It has many wildfowl and waders, including internationally important numbers of teal, wigeon and grey plover. The Swale also has a rich variety of invertebrates and plants.[298]
Swanscombe Skull Site 3.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[299] YES Swanscombe
51.444°N 0.297°W
GCR,[300] [301] NNR[302] CitationThe large stone in the photograph marks the place where in 1935 dentist Alvan Marston found the first Lower Paleolithic human fossil in Britain. It is part of the skull of a 400,000 year old early Neanderthal woman, and is one of only two British sites to have yielded human remains from this early period.[303] [304]
Tankerton Slopes 2.3sortable=onNaNsortable=on[305] YES Whitstable
51.364°N 1.045°W
SAC[306] CitationThis north facing slope has a population of tall herbs, including the largest population in Britain of hog's fennel, a nationally rare umbellifer. Fauna include Agonopterix putridella, a nationally rare moth whose larvae feed exclusively on hog's fennel.[307]
Thanet Coast 816.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[308] PP Birchington
51.38°N 1.279°W
GCR,[309] LNR,[310] Ramsar, SAC, SPACitationThis site has unstable cliffs and foreshore, saltmarsh, lagoons, woodland and grassland. It has internationally important numbers of wintering birds and three nationally rare invertebrates. It is also an important Palaeocene site and paleobotanical locality.[311]
Tower Hill to Cockham Wood 48.8sortable=onNaNsortable=on[312] PP Rochester
51.41°N 0.531°W
GCR[313] [314] CitationThis site contains typical woodland on Tertiary deposits, and sandy areas which have diverse invertebrates, including seven nationally rare bees and wasps. Upnor Quarry exposes a complete sequence of Tertiary rocks.[315]
Trottiscliffe Meadows 4.8sortable=onNaNsortable=on[316] FP West Malling
51.311°N 0.356°W
NCR[317] CitationThese meadows on gault clay are crossed by calcareous streams, and they are two of the few remaining areas of unimproved grassland in the county. They have a number of uncommon plants, such as marsh valerian, carnation sedge, brown sedge and the rare moss Cratoneuron filicinum.[318]
Wansunt Pit 1.9sortable=onNaNsortable=on[319] PP Dartford
51.443°N 0.179°W
GCR[320] CitationThe site exposes the Dartford Heath Gravel. The relationship of this exposure to the Swanscombe sequence and the Thames Terraces is a controversial issue in Thames Pleistocene studies.[321] Stone tools have been found of Homo heidelbergensis, dating from the Hoxnian Stage, an interglacial period between 424,000 and 374,000 years ago.[322]
Wateringbury 0.2sortable=onNaNsortable=on[323] NO Maidstone
51.255°N 0.416°W
GCR[324] CitationThis site contains tufa which displays a complete sequence of molluscs, especially terrestrial snails, dating to the early Holocene, and thus gives a full record of the order in which species colonised the area after the end of the last ice age, the Younger Dryas.[325]
West Blean and Thornden Woods 781sortable=onNaNsortable=on[326] PP Herne Bay
51.328°N 1.088°W
CitationThese woods have more than fifty species of breeding birds, and the diverse invertebrate fauna include five nationally rare and thirteen nationally scarce species. There is also a population of the declining and protected hazel dormouse.[328]
Westerham Mines 25.4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[329] PP Westerham
51.257°N 0.084°W
CitationThe main interest of this site lies in the use of former mines by five species of bats for hibernation. They are the whiskered, Brandt's, Daubenton's, Natterer's and long-eared bats. Some moths also hibernate in the mines.[330]
Westerham Wood 43.3sortable=onNaNsortable=on[331] NO Westerham
51.276°N 0.062°W
CitationThis ancient oak wood on Gault Clay is traditionally managed, and it has a diverse ground flora and an outstanding range of breeding birds. The insect fauna is also diverse, and 77 bryophyte and nearly 300 fungus species have been recorded.[332]
Wouldham to Detling Escarpment 311.2sortable=onNaNsortable=on[333] PP Chatham
51.322°N 0.514°W
AONB,[334] GCR,[335] KWT,[336] [337] [338] LNR,[339] NCR,[340] SACCitationThis stretch of chalk escarpment has woodland, unimproved grassland and scrub. Plants include the nationally rare meadow clary and there are several scarce invertebrates. There are many Mesozoic fossil fishes in an excellent state of preservation.[341]
Wye and Crundale Downs 358.3sortable=onNaNsortable=on[342] PP Ashford
51.176°N 0.969°W
AONB, GCR,[343] [344] NCR,[345] NNR,[346] SAC[347] [348] CitationThis site has a variety of habitats, including grassland, calacreous fen meadow, scrub, dry woodland on chalk and wet alder woodland. The Devil's Kneading Trough, found within the site, is an important geological site displaying periglacial changes dating to the late glacial period.[349]
Yockletts Bank 25.4sortable=onNaNsortable=on[350] YES Canterbury
51.188°N 1.04°W
AONB,[351] KWTCitationThis sloping site has woodland on dry chalk soils with diverse woodland breeding birds. The ground flora, dominated by bluebells, also contains many orchids.[352]

See also

Sources

Notes and References

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  9. Ratcliffe, p. 46
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