List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign explained

See also: Never Trump movement.

This is a list of Republicans and conservatives who announced their opposition to the election of Donald Trump, the 2016 Republican Party nominee and eventual winner of the election, as the president of the United States. It also includes former Republicans who left the party due to their opposition to Trump and as well as Republicans who endorsed a different candidate. It includes Republican presidential primary election candidates that announced opposition to Trump as the nominee. Some of the Republicans on this list threw their support to Trump after he won the presidential election, while many of them continue to oppose Trump. Offices listed are those held at the time of the 2016 election.

Government officials

Former U.S. presidents

• George H. W. Bush, President of the United States (1989–1993); Vice President of the United States (1981–1989) (voted for Hillary Clinton)^{[1] [2] [3]}
• George W. Bush, President of the United States (2001–2009); Governor of Texas (1995–2000) (blanked ballot)^[4]

Former 2016 Republican presidential primary candidates

All candidates signed a pledge to eventually support the party nominee. The following refused to honor it after Trump became the Republican presidential nominee.

• Jeb Bush, Governor of Florida (1999–2007)^[5]
• Mark Everson, Commissioner of Internal Revenue (2003–2007)^[6]
• Carly Fiorina, CEO of Hewlett-Packard (1999–2005); 2010 nominee for U.S. Senator from California^[7] (originally endorsed Trump for the general election but called for Mike Pence to take his place as nominee after the Access Hollywood Tape surfaced)^{[8] [9]}
• Lindsey Graham, United States Senator from South Carolina (2003–present) (voted for Evan McMullin)^[10]
• John Kasich, Governor of Ohio (2011–2019); U.S. Representative from Ohio (1983–2001)^[11] (wrote in John McCain)^[12]
• George Pataki, Governor of New York (1995–2006)^[13]

Governors

Sitting

• Charlie Baker, Massachusetts (2015–2023)^[14]
• Robert J. Bentley, Alabama (2011–2017)^[15]
• Dennis Daugaard, South Dakota (2011–2019)^[16]
• Bill Haslam, Tennessee (2011–2019)^[17]
• Gary Herbert, Utah (2009–2021)^[18]
• Larry Hogan, Maryland (2015–2023) (wrote in father Lawrence Hogan)^[19]
• John Kasich, Ohio (2011–2019)^[20]
• Susana Martinez, New Mexico (2011–2019); Chair of the Republican Governors Association (2015–2016)^[21]
• Bruce Rauner, Illinois (2015–2019)^{[22] [23]}
• Brian Sandoval, Nevada (2011–2019)^[24]
• Rick Snyder, Michigan (2011–2019)^{[25] [26]}

Former

• Arne Carlson, Minnesota (1991–1999) (endorsed Hillary Clinton)
• Jim Douglas, Vermont (2003–2011)^[27]
• A. Linwood Holton Jr., Virginia (1970–1974); Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs (1974–1975) (endorsed Hillary Clinton) (father in law of running mate Tim Kaine)^[28]
• Jon Huntsman Jr., Governor of Utah (2005–2009); United States Ambassador to Russia (2017–2019); United States Ambassador to China (2009–2011); United States Ambassador to Singapore (1992–1993)^[29]
• Gary Johnson, New Mexico (1995–2003) (2016 Libertarian nominee for president)^[30]
• William Milliken, Michigan (1969–1983) (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[31]
• Kay A. Orr, Nebraska (1987–1991)^[32]
• Tim Pawlenty, Minnesota (2003–2011) (voted for Trump)^{[33] [34]}
• Al Quie, Minnesota (1979–1983)^[35]
• Marc Racicot, Montana (1993–2001); Chair of the Republican National Committee (2001–2003)^[36]
• Mitt Romney, Massachusetts (2003–2007), 2012 nominee for President (wrote in wife Ann Romney)^{[37] [38]}
• Arnold Schwarzenegger, California (2003–2011)^[39] (wrote in John Kasich)
• Jane Swift, Massachusetts (2001–2003) (voted for Hillary Clinton)^[40]
• Bill Weld, Massachusetts (1991–1997) (2016 Libertarian nominee for vice president)^[41]

U.S. Senators

Former

• James Buckley, U.S. Senator from New York (1971–1977)^[42]
• Norm Coleman, Minnesota (2003–2009)^[43]
• David Durenberger, Minnesota (1978–1995) (endorsed Hillary Clinton)
• Slade Gorton, Washington (1981–1987, 1989–2001) (endorsed Evan McMullin)^[44]
• Phil Gramm, Texas (1985–2002)^[45]
• Gordon J. Humphrey, New Hampshire (1979–1990) (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^{[46] [47]}
• George LeMieux, Florida (2009–2011)^[48]
• Olympia Snowe, Maine (1995–2013)^[49]
• Paul Trible, Virginia (1983–1989)^[50]
• John Warner, Virginia (1979–2009); United States Secretary of the Navy (1972–1974) (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[51]

U.S. Representatives

Former

Other former federal government officials

• Donald B. Ayer, United States Deputy Attorney General
• Phillip D. Brady, White House Staff Secretary; White House Cabinet Secretary (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[52]
• Paul K. Charlton, United States Attorney^[53]
• Linda Chavez, Director of the Office of Public Liaison; 1986 nominee for U.S. Senator from Maryland
• Jim Cicconi, White House Staff Secretary (endorsed Hillary Clinton)
• Scott Evertz, Director of the Office of National AIDS Policy (endorsed Hillary Clinton)
• Linda Fisher, Former Deputy EPA Administrator ^[54]
• Tony Fratto, Deputy White House Press Secretary
• Charles Fried, United States Solicitor General; Associate Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[55]
• David K. Garman, Former Assistant Secretary and Under Secretary of Energy^[54]
• Fred T. Goldberg, Jr., Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for Tax Policy; Commissioner of Internal Revenue (endorsed Hillary Clinton)
• Theodore Kassinger, United States Deputy Secretary of Commerce
• Bill Kristol, Chief of Staff to the Vice President and founder of The Weekly Standard (endorsed Evan McMullin)^[56]
• Thomas Mallon, Deputy Chairman of the National Endowment for the Humanities^[57]
• Rosario Marin, Treasurer of the United States (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[58]
• John McKay, former United States Attorney (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[59]
• Andrew Natsios, Administrator of the United States Agency for International Development; Chair of the Massachusetts Republican Party
• Daniel F. Runde, Director of the Global Development Alliance
• Larry D. Thompson, United States Deputy Attorney General
• Dan Webb, former United States Attorney (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[60]
• Peter Wehner, Director of the Office of Strategic Initiatives
• Lezlee Westine, Director of the Office of Public Liaison (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[61]
• Peter Zeidenberg, Assistant United States Attorney^[53]
• Jeffrey Bobeck, former Bush 43 DOE Director of Communications, and 2016 DC Republican Delegate

State officials

Sitting

• Brian Calley, Lieutenant Governor of Michigan (2011–2019)^[62]
• Spencer Cox, Lieutenant Governor of Utah (2013–2021)^[63]
• Kim Guadagno, Lieutenant Governor of New Jersey (2010–2018)^[64]
• Karyn Polito, Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts (2015–2023)^[65]
• Phil Scott, Lieutenant Governor of Vermont (2011–2017)^[66]

Former

State legislators

Sitting

• Rocky Chavez, California State Representative (2012–2018)
• Jack Ciattarelli, New Jersey State Representative (2011–2018)^[64]
• Neal Collins, South Carolina State Representative (2014–present)^[67]
• Kurt Daudt, Minnesota State Representative (2011–present), Speaker of the Minnesota House of Representatives (2015–2019)
• David Holt, Oklahoma State Senator (2010–2018)^[68]
• David Johnson, Iowa State Senator (2003–2019)^[69]
• Mark B. Madsen, Utah State Senator (2005–2017) (endorsed Gary Johnson)^[70]
• Chad Mayes, California State Assembly Minority Leader (2014–2017)
• Charisse Millett, Alaska State Representative (2009–2019), Majority Leader (2015–2016)^{[71] [72]}
• Ross Spano, Florida State Representative (2012–2018)
• Joe Sweeney, New Hampshire State Representative (2012–present)^[73]
• Jim Durkin, Illinois House Republican Leader (1996–2003; 2006–present)^[74]

Former

• Michael Balboni, New York State Senator (1998–2007) (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[75]
• Lois Sherman Hagarty, Pennsylvania State Representative (1980–1992)^[76]
• Brian Lees, Massachusetts State Senator (1989–2007), Minority Leader (1993–2007)^[77]
• Jack McGregor, Pennsylvania State Senator (1963–1970) (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[52]
• Chris Vance, Former member of the Washington House of Representatives from the 31st district, Nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2016
• Will Weatherford, Florida State Representative (2006–2014), Speaker of the Florida House of Representatives (2012–2014)

Municipal officials

• Joel Giambra, former Erie County Executive (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[78]
• Carlos A. Giménez, Mayor of Miami-Dade County (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[79]
• Danny Jones, Mayor of Charleston, West Virginia (endorsed Gary Johnson)^{[80] [81]}
• Aimee Winder Newton, Member of the Salt Lake County Council^[82]
• Tomás Regalado, Mayor of Miami^[83]

Other public figures

Staff, advisors, activists, relations, actors, singer-songwriters

• Steve Baer, former president, United Republican Fund of Illinois^[84]
• Laura Bush, First Lady of the United States (2001–2009); First Lady of Texas (1995–2000)^[85]
• Marvin Bush, son of George H. W. Bush, brother of George W. Bush and Jeb Bush (endorsed Gary Johnson)^[86]
• Al Cardenas, former chair of the Republican Party of Florida^[87]
• Patrick Chovanec, economist
• Beau Correll, attorney, political activist (led Free The Delegates movement, filed successful federal lawsuit to unbind delegates)^[88]
• Alyssa Farah Griffin, Communications Director for the U.S. House of Representatives Freedom Caucus, Congressional intern (wrote in Paul Ryan)^[89]
• Five for Fighting, singer-songwriter^[90]
• Mindy Finn, political consultant, strategist, and activist (Independent running mate for Evan McMullin)^[91]
• Patricia Heaton, actress^[92]
• Juan Hernandez, political consultant, co-founder of Hispanic Republicans of Texas (endorsed Gary Johnson)^[93]
• Matt Higgins, former press secretary for New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani (endorsed Hillary Clinton)
• Robert Kagan, former foreign policy advisor and speechwriter (endorsed Hillary Clinton)
• Matt Kibbe, libertarian ideals advocate
• Jimmy LaSalvia, co-founder of GOProud (endorsed Hillary Clinton)
• Sarah Longwell, political advisor
• Kevin Madden, spokesperson for 2012 presidential nominee, Mitt Romney
• Ken Mehlman, former Chair of the Republican National Committee
• Mike Murphy, political consultant and commentator (indirectly endorsed Hillary Clinton)^{[94] [95] [96] [97] [98] [99] [100]}
• William F. B. O'Reilly, political strategist, conservative columnist^[101]
• Patrick Ruffini, political strategist
• Mark Salter, chief aide to John McCain (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[102]
• Randy Scheunemann, national security and foreign policy advisor
• Steve Schmidt, campaign strategist^[103]
• Lionel Sosa, political consultant (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[104]
• A. J. Spiker, Chair of the Iowa Republican Party^[105]
• Stuart Stevens, political consultant and strategist
• Mac Stipanovich, strategist and lobbyist; former Chief of Staff to Bob Martinez (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[106]
• John Weaver, strategist^[107]
• Rick Wilson, political consultant and former Republican strategist.^[108]

Business leaders

• Daniel Akerson, former chairman and CEO of General Motors (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^{[109] [110]}
• Marc Andreessen, co-founder of Netscape; founder of Andreessen Horowitz (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[111]
• Mike Fernandez, founder of MBF Healthcare Partners (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[112]
• Seth Klarman, founder of Baupost Group (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^{[113] [114]}
• Hamid R. Moghadam, CEO of Prologis (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[111]
• James Murren, chairman and CEO of MGM Resorts International (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[115]
• William Oberndorf, Chairman of Oberndorf Enterprises (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[116]
• Chuck Robbins, CEO of Cisco Systems (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^[111]
• Paul Singer, founder and CEO of Elliott Management Corporation^[117]
• Harry E. Sloan, former CEO of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (endorsed Hillary Clinton)
• Jack Welch, former CEO of General Electric^[118]
• Meg Whitman, CEO of Hewlett Packard Enterprise; former CEO of eBay; 2010 California nominee for Governor of California (endorsed Hillary Clinton)^{[113] [119]}

Republican groups

• Amherst College Republicans^[120]
• Brown University Republicans^[121]
• Cornell Republicans (endorsed Gary Johnson)^[122]
• Harvard Republican Club^[123]
• Ithaca College Republicans^[124]
• Kenyon Republicans^[125]
• Log Cabin Republicans^[126]
• New Mexico College Republicans (endorsed Gary Johnson)^[127]
• Penn State College Republicans^[128]
• Princeton University Republicans^[129]
• Rice University College Republicans^[130]
• Texas A&M University College Republicans^[131]
• University of Houston College Republicans^[130]
• The University of the South College Republicans^[132]
• UVA College Republicans^[133]

Demographics

Research on the Never Trump movement shows that Mormon and female Republicans were the most likely groups to oppose Trump's candidacy while non-Mormon and male Republicans were the most supportive.^[134] In the same study, establishment Republicans were found to be more likely to support Trump's candidacy, the opposite of what most observers, including Donald Trump himself, claimed.^[135]

See also

• Newspaper endorsements in the United States presidential election, 2016
• Protests against Donald Trump
• Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008
• Republican In Name Only
• Stop Trump movement
• List of Democrats who opposed the Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign
• List of former Trump administration officials who endorsed Joe Biden
• List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2020 presidential campaign
• List of Republicans who opposed the Donald Trump 2024 presidential campaign
• List of Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign endorsements
• List of Evan McMullin 2016 presidential campaign endorsements
• List of Gary Johnson 2016 presidential campaign endorsements
• List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign non-political endorsements
• List of Hillary Clinton 2016 presidential campaign political endorsements
• List of Jill Stein 2016 presidential campaign endorsements

Notes and References

1. Web site: George H. W. Bush to vote for Hillary Clinton . Samuelsohn . Darren . September 19, 2016 . . September 20, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160920033243/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/exclusive-george-hw-bush-to-vote-for-hillary-228395 . September 20, 2016 . live .
2. Web site: Sources: Bush 41 says he will vote for Clinton . Gangel . Jamie . Bradner . Eric . September 21, 2016 . . September 21, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161114040830/http://edition.cnn.com/2016/09/20/politics/george-hw-bush-hillary-clinton/ . November 14, 2016 . live .
3. News: George W. Bush: 'I'm worried that I will be the last Republican president' . Alicia . Cohn . November 4, 2017 . . November 4, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171104131715/http://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/358745-george-w-bush-im-worried-that-i-will-be-the-last-republican . November 4, 2017 . live .
4. The Other Reason George W. Bush Couldn't Bring Himself to Vote for Donald Trump . Gibbs . Nancy . November 8, 2016 . . November 10, 2016 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20161111061533/http://time.com/4563361/george-w-bush-donald-trump-clinton/5/ . November 11, 2016 .
5. Web site: Jeb Bush: 'I Will Not Vote for Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton' . Dann . Carrie . May 6, 2016 . . October 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161004072636/http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/graham-i-cannot-good-conscience-support-donald-trump-n569511 . October 4, 2016 . live .
6. Web site: Everson . Mark . Why I cannot support Trump . . June 28, 2016 . June 28, 2016.
7. Web site: After More Than a Year of Bashing Trump, Carly Fiorina Is Finally Aboard the Trump Train . September 13, 2016 . . May 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170106233520/http://ijr.com/2016/09/692812-after-more-than-a-year-of-bashing-trump-carly-fiorina-is-finally-aboard-the-trump-train/ . January 6, 2017 . live .
8. Fiorina . Carly . Carly Fiorina . CarlyFiorina . 784781805148786691 . October 8, 2016 . My thoughts: https://t.co/1ck3UddzdR . en . December 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221207101136/https://twitter.com/CarlyFiorina/status/784781805148786691 . December 7, 2022 . live.
9. Carly Fiorina: Donald Trump Should 'Step Aside' as Presidential Nominee . Time . May 7, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170221073216/http://time.com/4523922/carly-fiorina-donald-trump-mike-pence/ . February 21, 2017 . live .
10. Web site: Lindsey Graham won't vote for Trump or Clinton in 2016 . Dana . Bash . May 6, 2016 . . August 13, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160820012858/http://www.cnn.com/2016/05/06/politics/lindsey-graham-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-not-vote/ . August 20, 2016 . live .
11. Web site: John Kasich not following Ted Cruz's lead; no plans to endorse Trump . Tilove . Jonathan . September 23, 2016 . . October 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161009190106/http://www.statesman.com/news/news/state-regional-govt-politics/john-kasich-not-following-ted-cruzs-lead-no-plans-/nsdq8/ . October 9, 2016 . live .
12. Web site: John Kasich follows through on vow not to vote for Donald Trump, writes in John McCain instead . October 31, 2016 . October 31, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161101014701/http://www.cleveland.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/10/john_kasich_follows_through_on.html . November 1, 2016 . live .
13. Web site: Former NY Gov. George Pataki on 911 and a Trump Endorsement . Keeler . Bill . September 12, 2016 . . September 25, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160927104900/http://wibx950.com/audio-former-ny-gov-pataki-on-911-and-a-trump-endorsement/ . September 27, 2016 . live .
14. Web site: Charlie Baker won't vote for Donald Trump in November . Miller . Joshua . O'Sullivan . Jim . March 2, 2016 . . May 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160507011259/http://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/03/02/charlie-baker-won-vote-for-trump-november/PxZyCgPp3hvZb5MfQSjt7K/story.html . May 7, 2016 . live .
15. Web site: AL Republicans – including Bentley – withdraw Trump support . Lyman . Brian . October 8, 2016 . . October 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161110014213/http://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/politics/southunionstreet/2016/10/08/martha-roby-condemns-trump-says-she-wont-vote-him/91784328/ . November 10, 2016 . live .
16. Daugaard . Dennis . Dennis Daugaard . SDGovDaugaard . 784797034410680320 . October 8, 2016 . Enough is enough. Donald Trump should withdraw in favor of Governor Mike Pence. This election is too important. . en . December 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221015121921/https://twitter.com/sdgovdaugaard/status/784797034410680320 . October 15, 2022 . live.
17. Web site: Tennessee Gov. Haslam joins call for Trump to drop out . Conway . Madeline . October 9, 2016 . . October 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161010125408/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/tennessee-gov-haslam-joins-call-for-trump-to-drop-out-229427 . October 10, 2016 . live .
18. R. . Gary . Gary R. Herbert . HerbertForUtah . 784571669662826496 . October 8, 2016 . Donald Trump's statements are beyond offensive & despicable. While I cannot vote for Hillary Clinton, I will not vote for Trump. #utpol . en . December 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221219153403/https://twitter.com/HerbertForUtah/status/784571669662826496 . December 19, 2022 . live.
19. Web site: Gov. Larry Hogan Won't Vote For Trump Or Clinton . Kartalija . Jessica . July 1, 2016 . . October 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161009160645/http://baltimore.cbslocal.com/2016/07/01/gov-larry-hogan-wont-vote-for-trump-or-clinton/ . October 9, 2016 . live .
20. Web site: Kasich: I told you so . Stokols . Eli . October 8, 2016 . . April 25, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180426012151/https://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/john-kasich-donald-trump-229362 . April 26, 2018 . live .
21. Web site: Governor Martinez reacts to Trump's statements . October 8, 2016 . . October 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161010175814/http://www.koat.com/news/governor-martinez-reacts-to-trumps-statements/42028084 . October 10, 2016 . live .
22. News: Gov. Bruce Rauner won't attend GOP convention or endorse Trump for president . Pearson . Rick . May 6, 2016 . . June 8, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170607231240/http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/politics/ . June 7, 2017 . live .
23. Web site: Rauner snubs Trump during visit to Chicago . Lavito . Angelica . July 12, 2016 . . June 8, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170602131750/http://www.politico.com/states/illinois/story/2016/07/rauner-snubs-trump-during-visit-to-chicago-103742 . June 2, 2017 . live .
24. Web site: Battle royal shaping up over Interstate 11 route . Heley . David C. . September 6, 2016 . . October 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161009185504/http://www.nevadaappeal.com/news/lahontan-valley/battle-royal-shaping-up-over-interstate-11-route/ . October 9, 2016 . live .
25. Web site: Snyder decides against endorsing Trump for president . June 2, 2016 . . October 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161008022340/http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2016/06/02/snyder-decides-endorsing-trump-president/85270198/ . October 8, 2016 . live .
26. Web site: Michigan Gov. Rick Snyder: Donald Trump does not speak for me . December 12, 2015 . . June 8, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170307081739/http://www.freep.com/story/opinion/contributors/2015/12/12/snyder-trump-speak/77181932// . March 7, 2017 . live .
27. Web site: Vermont Republicans seek unity in Trump's shadow. May 21, 2016 .
28. Web site: As Trump's path clears, Virginia Republicans react tepidly to likely nominee . Moomaw . Graham . Nolan . Jim . May 5, 2016 . . October 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170223160611/http://www.dailyprogress.com/starexponent/news/as-trump-s-path-clears-virginia-republicans-react-tepidly-to/article_5d3dd3c8-12c9-11e6-9f3c-af6c58fdc28e.html . February 23, 2017 . live .
29. Web site: After video, Huntsman says it is time for Trump to drop out . Burr . Thomas . Canham . Matt . October 7, 2016 . . October 7, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170728152942/http://www.sltrib.com/news/4444721-155/after-video-huntsman-says-it-is . July 28, 2017 . live .
30. Web site: Gary Johnson, Libertarian Nominee, Denounces Donald Trump as Authoritarian . Burns . Alexander . Haberman . Maggie . August 23, 2016 . New York Times . January 8, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190102095943/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/24/us/politics/gary-johnson-campaign.html . January 2, 2019 . live .
31. Web site: Former Gov. Milliken endorses Clinton over Trump . Gray . Kathleen . August 8, 2016 . . August 15, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160815015129/http://www.freep.com/story/news/politics/2016/08/08/former-gov-milliken-endorses-clinton-over-trump/88340600/ . August 15, 2016 . live .
32. Web site: Kay Orr: Why I will not support Donald Trump . Orr . Kay . March 6, 2016 . . October 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170728041604/http://www.omaha.com/opinion/kay-orr-why-i-will-not-support-donald-trump/article_28121940-086e-59ff-92bc-d1a099471a09.html . July 28, 2017 . live .
33. Web site: Ex-Gov. Pawlenty calls Trump 'unhinged,' drops support. October 8, 2016. AP. October 8, 2016.
34. Web site: Pawlenty voted for Trump, then called him 'unhinged and unfit'. Star Tribune. January 5, 2021.
35. Web site: Trump 'A Disaster' Says Former Gov. Quie . July 30, 2015 . February 5, 2022 . November 30, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211130030420/https://theuptake.org/2015/07/30/trump-a-disaster-says-former-gov-quie/ . dead .
36. News: Americans can choose better than Trump . Racicot . Marc . July 1, 2016 . . July 16, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160706011113/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/americans-can-choose-better-than-trump/2016/06/30/1db143c0-3efc-11e6-84e8-1580c7db5275_story.html . July 6, 2016 . live .
37. 'Dismayed' Romney says he doesn't intend to back Trump, worried about 'demagoguery and populism' . Klein . Philip . May 5, 2016 . . August 13, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160814191233/http://www.washingtonexaminer.com/article/2590558 . August 14, 2016 . dead .
38. News: Romboy . Dennis . Mitt Romney reveals his 2016 presidential vote . May 30, 2018 . Deseret News . May 31, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180531190819/https://www.deseretnews.com/article/900020076/mitt-romney-reveals-his-2016-presidential-vote.html . May 31, 2018 . live .
39. Arnold . Schwarzenegger . 784803865723965440 . October 8, 2016 . As proud as I am to label myself a Republican, there is one label that I hold above all else – American. My full statement: https://t.co/biRvY8S3aZ . en . December 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221225015358/https://twitter.com/Schwarzenegger/status/784803865723965440 . December 25, 2022 . live.
40. Web site: A Swift return. June 16, 2019. January 5, 2021.
41. Web site: Gary Johnson Wins Libertarian Nomination for President . Struyk . Ryan . de la Cuetara . Ines . May 29, 2016 . . May 28, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160529184935/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/gary-johnson-wins-libertarian-nomination-president/story?id=39462969 . May 29, 2016 . live .
42. Web site: James Buckley on 2016: 'I am an unhappy man': Column. USA Today.
43. Web site: Norm Coleman: I will never vote for Donald Trump . Coleman . Norm . March 3, 2016. . May 6, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160505123621/http://www.startribune.com/norm-coleman-i-will-never-vote-for-donald-trump/370932321/ . May 5, 2016 . live .
44. Web site: Never Trump conservative McMullin makes Virginia ballot . Strauss . Daniel . September 2, 2016 . . September 3, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160903182339/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/evan-mcmullin-on-virginia-ballot-227696 . September 3, 2016 . live .
45. Web site: Former Texas Senator Phil Gramm calls presidential race "scary". February 11, 2016 .
46. Web site: Trump's stumbles fuel convention delegate revolt . Cheney . Kyle . Isenstadt . Alex . June 22, 2016 . . June 24, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160624025620/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/donald-trump-delegate-revolt-224634 . June 24, 2016 . live .
47. Web site: Some GOP stalwarts weigh vote for Clinton . McGrane . Victoria . August 13, 2016 . . June 21, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170819180129/https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2016/08/13/gop-defections-new-hampshire-and-other-swing-states-could-swamp-donald-trump/mS8SZK9FNewB8Hnpi0AtuO/story.html . August 19, 2017 . live .
48. Web site: Former U.S. Sen. George Lemieux Says Trump Is Unelectable and Should Be Replaced as Republican Nominee . Man . Anthony . October 8, 2016 . . May 18, 2020.
49. Web site: Republican exodus from Trump grows. August 10, 2016. The Hill. July 20, 2021. July 21, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210721163704/https://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/list-republicans-who-oppose-donald-trump-endorse-hillary-clinton. dead.
50. Web site: CNU students hold anti-Trump demonstration. Chicago Tribune. November 22, 2016 .
51. Web site: Former Va. Sen. John Warner slams Trump during Clinton endorsement . Everett . Burgess . Lima . Cristiano . September 27, 2016 . . September 28, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160928032616/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/09/john-warner-hillary-clinton-228819 . September 28, 2016 . live .
52. Web site: Number of Prominent Republicans and Independents Backing Hillary Clinton Grows . September 29, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161002151125/https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/updates/2016/09/29/number-of-prominent-republicans-and-independents-backing-hillary-clinton-grows/ . October 2, 2016 . dead .
53. Web site: GOP ex-prosecutors slam Trump over threat to 'jail' Clinton . Gerstein . Josh . October 10, 2016 . . October 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161010171932/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/trump-clinton-jail-ex-prosecutors-slam-229547 . October 10, 2016 . live .
54. Web site: October 13, 2016. Former Republican EPA, DOE Officials Flee Trump. June 6, 2020. Exchange Monitor.
55. Web site: Ronald Reagan's Solicitor General Has Had Enough of Trump . Nwanevu . Osita . July 5, 2016 . . August 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160817024043/http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2016/07/05/reagan_solicitor_general_charles_fried_not_a_trump_fan.html . August 17, 2016 . live .
56. BillKristol . Bill Kristol . 786368108839645185 . October 13, 2016 . ...we'll do it then, and meanwhile we can begin to lay the groundwork by voting for @Evan_McMullin and @mindyfinn on November 8. END/ . October 14, 2016.
57. News: Conservative Scholars Issue Anti-Trump Statement . Kreighbaum . Andrew . October 19, 2016 . Inside Higher Ed . March 29, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170330022242/https://www.insidehighered.com/quicktakes/2016/10/19/conservative-scholars-issue-anti-trump-statement . March 30, 2017 . live .
58. Web site: Former Bush official endorses Clinton, rips Trump . Hensch . Mark . August 17, 2016 . . August 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160818231235/http://thehill.com/blogs/ballot-box/presidential-races/291685-former-bush-official-endorses-clinton . August 18, 2016 . live .
59. Connelly, J. Seattle Post-Intelligencer September 28, 2016
60. Web site: Ex-U.S. attorney Dan Webb, a Republican, urges vote for Hillary . Sweet . Lynn . Sfondeles . Tina . July 11, 2016 . . August 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160816082024/http://chicago.suntimes.com/news/dan-webb-republican-urges-vote-for-hillary-clinton/ . August 16, 2016 . live .
61. News: George W. Bush administration official announces support for Clinton over Trump . Phillip . Abby . August 8, 2016 . . August 15, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160814145310/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/08/08/george-w-bush-administration-official-announces-support-for-clinton-over-trump/ . August 14, 2016 . live .
62. Web site: Lt. Gov. Calley renounces his support of Trump . Chad . Livengood . October 8, 2016 . . October 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161008193400/http://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2016/10/08/michigan-gop-leaders-condemn-trump-vulgar-comments/91784572/ . October 8, 2016 . live .
63. Web site: GOP presidential debate in SLC canceled . Winslow . Ben . Wells . David . March 16, 2016 . . June 20, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160613181522/http://fox13now.com/2016/03/16/gop-presidential-primary-debate-scheduled-for-next-week-has-been-canceled/ . June 13, 2016 . live .
64. News: Lt. Gov. Guadagno breaks with Christie, won't vote for Trump . Brodesser-Akner . Claude . October 9, 2016 . . October 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161010173956/http://www.nj.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/10/lt_gov_guadagno_breaks_with_christie_wont_vote_for.html . October 10, 2016 . live .
65. Web site: Lt. Gov. Karyn Polito On 2020 Election, Political Future. September 20, 2019. January 5, 2021.
66. Web site: Vt. candidates for governor debate in Burlington . Midura . Kyle . May 13, 2016 . . March 1, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160518033914/http://www.wcax.com/story/31970447/vt-candidates-for-governor-debate-in-burlington . May 18, 2016 . dead .
67. News: Coyne . Amanda . October 14, 2016 . Pickens GOP state representative Collins goes on anti-Trump tweetstorm . The Greenville News . April 22, 2017.
68. Web site: US Capitol breached by pro-Trump mob during 'failed insurrection'. January 7, 2021. ABC. January 10, 2021.
69. News: Iowa state senator is first elected official to leave Republican party over Trump . . Jacob . Ben . June 7, 2016 . October 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160916221713/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/jun/07/david-johnson-iowa-state-senator-leaves-republican-party-trump . September 16, 2016 . live .
70. Web site: Utah state senator bolts Republican Party for Libertarian camp . Piper . Matthew . July 25, 2016 . . July 25, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160727143744/http://www.sltrib.com/home/4155418-155/utah-state-senator-bolts-republican-party . July 27, 2016 . live .
71. Web site: Trump comments cause stir amid Alaska's GOP . Ruskin . Liz . October 10, 2016 . . October 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161012161432/http://www.ktoo.org/2016/10/10/trump-comments-cause-stir-amid-alaskas-gop/ . October 12, 2016 . live .
72. Web site: Alaska House Majority Leader Latest To #DumpTrump . Reynolds . Casey . October 9, 2016 . . October 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161011142033/http://midnightsunak.com/2016/10/09/alaska-house-majority-leader-latest-dumptrump/ . October 11, 2016 . live .
73. Web site: Kelly Ayotte's 'Huge' Donald Trump Problem . Fortier . Marc . October 8, 2016 . . October 12, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161013215941/http://www.necn.com/news/politics/Kelly-Ayottes-Huge-Donald-Trump-Problem-396398741.html . October 13, 2016 . live .
74. Web site: Trump Wins GOP Nomination, But State Party Leaders Remain Noncommittal. Amanda. Vinicky. northernpublicradio.org. July 20, 2016. August 18, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190818031727/https://www.northernpublicradio.org/post/trump-wins-gop-nomination-state-party-leaders-remain-noncommittal. August 18, 2019. live.
75. Gormley, M Newsday November 2, 2016
76. Web site: Blue Corners of Pennsylvania Went Red, But Won't Matter . . Hunt . Albert R. . August 14, 2016 . August 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160816022838/https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2016-08-14/blue-corners-of-pennsylvania-went-red-but-won-t-matter . August 16, 2016 . live .
77. Web site: Former GOP leader Brian Lees not voting for Trump, maybe Clinton . Metzger . Andy . August 17, 2016 . . October 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161009214017/http://www.masslive.com/politics/index.ssf/2016/08/former_gop_leader_brian_lees_n.html . October 9, 2016 . live .
78. Web site: Durst headlines list of local Republicans and independents backing Clinton . Rubinstein . Dana . September 26, 2016 . . October 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161001194527/http://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2016/09/clinton-touts-new-york-republicans-and-independents-who-like-durst-who-support-her-105792 . October 1, 2016 . live .
79. Web site: Miami-Dade's Republican mayor: I am voting for Clinton . Hanks . Douglas . October 9, 2016 . . October 9, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161010185216/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/article107085482.html . October 10, 2016 . live .
80. Web site: After 45 years, Danny Jones leaves Republican Party . Gutman . David . June 17, 2016 . . October 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161007123754/http://www.wvgazettemail.com/news-politics/20160617/after-45-years-danny-jones-leaves-republican-party . October 7, 2016 . live .
81. Web site: GOP Mayor Leaves Republican Party, In Part Because Of Donald Trump . Fang . Marina . June 19, 2016 . . October 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161006115758/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/gop-mayor-leaves-party-donald-trump_us_5766d092e4b0853f8bf13387 . October 6, 2016 . live .
82. News: WIF3 WITH HONOUR ROSEANN 8d7e-11e6-bf8a-3d26847eeed4_story.html 'This is the man he is': How vulgar video finally pushed a Trump supporter over the edge . Samuels . Robert . October 8, 2016 . . October 12, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161012224802/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/this-is-the-man-he-is-how-vulgar-video-finally-pushed-a-trump-supporter-over-the-edge/2016/10/08/96172962-8d7e-11e6-bf8a-3d26847eeed4_story.html . October 12, 2016 . live .
83. Web site: Will Miami's Republican mayor vote for Trump? 'Of course not' . Mazzei . Patricia . May 11, 2016 . . August 27, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160828044253/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/election/article76995342.html . August 28, 2016 . live .
84. Web site: Local Republicans sound off on party's Trump troubles . Skolnik . Bob . August 9, 2016 . Riverside-Brookfield Landmark . September 15, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160913191330/http://www.rblandmark.com/News/Articles/8-9-2016/Local-Republicans-sound-off-on-party%27s-Trump-troubles/ . September 13, 2016 . live .
85. Web site: Did George W. Bush Vote for Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton? . Morrow . Brendan . November 8, 2016 . . December 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161201135213/http://heavy.com/news/2016/11/did-laura-george-w-bush-vote-for-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-for-president-election-2016/ . December 1, 2016 . live .
86. Web site: Marvin Bush voting for Gary Johnson . Morton . Victor . July 27, 2016 . . September 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160908140553/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/jul/27/marvin-bush-voting-gary-johnson/ . September 8, 2016 . live .
87. Web site: Which Republicans want to fire Trump? . Morin . Rebecca . Conway . Madeline . October 8, 2016 . . October 8, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161009153730/http://www.politico.com/story/2016/10/republicans-who-have-condemned-trump-229349 . October 9, 2016 . live .
88. Web site: How the Never Trump movement failed at the GOP convention VICE News. VICE News. July 20, 2016 . en-US. August 20, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170821045934/https://news.vice.com/video/how-the-never-trump-movement-failed-at-the-gop-convention. August 21, 2017. live.
89. Web site: Lies, Politics and Democracy: Alyssa Farah Griffin (Interview) | FRONTLINE . .
90. Web site: Facebook. www.facebook.com.
91. Web site: Presidential Candidate Evan McMullin Picks Mindy Finn as Running Mate . Walshe . Shushannah . October 6, 2016 . . October 6, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161007052643/https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/presidential-candidate-evan-mcmullin-picks-mindy-finn-running/story?id=42629024 . October 7, 2016 . live .
92. Heaton . Patricia . Patricia Heaton . PatriciaHeaton . 704180712958615552 . February 29, 2016 . If he's the nominee then it won't be my party...#Pinestraw2016 https://t.co/umuMTOJhW8 . en . December 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220718021030/https://twitter.com/PatriciaHeaton/status/704180712958615552 . July 18, 2022 . live.
93. Web site: Dr. Juan Hernández offers another option . Mejia . James . September 8, 2016 . La Voz Bilingüe . September 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160910131625/http://www.lavozcolorado.com/detail.php?id=8794 . September 10, 2016 . live .
94. January 5, 2017 . Mike Murphy: Advice for Dems: Less Kale, More Hammers . . . December 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210523200413/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O1Ai6X_DBAs . May 23, 2021 . live.
95. Web site: Mike Murphy on the 2016 Election and Possible Political Candidates from Hollywood. January 5, 2021. soundcloud.com.
96. January 5, 2017 . Mike Murphy: Does the Truth Matter in Politics? . . . December 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221030162312/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4pIo6CN1XhI . October 30, 2022 . live.
97. Web site: Mike Murphy on President Trump, 2018, and 2020 . The Foundation for Constitutional Government, Inc. . June 2017 . February 11, 2018 . Conversations with Bill Kristol . https://web.archive.org/web/20190330192305/https://conversationswithbillkristol.org/video/mike-murphy/ . March 30, 2019 . live .
98. Web site: Mike Murphy on the Trump Administration, the Midterms, and 2020 . The Foundation for Constitutional Government, Inc. . February 2018 . February 11, 2018 . Conversations with Bill Kristol . https://web.archive.org/web/20180212005143/http://conversationswithbillkristol.org/video/mike-murphy-ii/ . February 12, 2018 . live .
99. Web site: Murphy Transcript . Conversations with Bill Kristol . Mike . Murphy . Bill . Kristol . Bill Kristol . The Foundation for Constitutional Government, Inc. . June 20, 2017 . February 12, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180212201456/http://conversationswithbillkristol.org/transcript/murphy-transcript/ . February 12, 2018 . live .
100. murphymike . 780607885944430592 . September 27, 2016 . I despise her silly lefty domestic policy and the class war tropes, but it's all too clear that of these two only HRC is ready to be POTUS. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20161109225334/https://twitter.com/murphymike/status/780607885944430592 . November 9, 2016.
101. Web site: Donald Trump has destroyed the Republican Party I knew and loved. O'Reilly. William F. B.. William F. B. O'Reilly. Newsday. May 4, 2016. January 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190104072903/https://www.newsday.com/opinion/columnists/william-f-b-o-reilly/donald-trump-has-destroyed-the-republican-party-i-knew-and-loved-1.11760799. January 4, 2019. live.
102. Web site: Now That Trump Is The Nominee, These Republicans Say They're Voting For Hillary . Rupar . Aaron . May 3, 2016 . . May 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160505014414/http://thinkprogress.org/politics/2016/05/03/3775104/never-trump-has-failed-republican-party/ . May 5, 2016 . live .
103. News: A generation of GOP stars stands diminished: 'Everything Trump touches dies' . Rucker . Philip . October 9, 2016 . . October 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161009202832/https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/a-generation-of-gop-stars-may-be-diminished-everything-trump-touches-dies/2016/10/09/890a5074-8e2c-11e6-9c85-ac42097b8cc0_story.html . October 9, 2016 . live .
104. News: Svitek . Patrick . Top Hispanic Republican in Texas says he will vote for Clinton . The Texas Tribune . October 24, 2016 . October 25, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161025113612/https://www.texastribune.org/2016/10/24/top-hispanic-republican-texas-will-vote-clinton/ . October 25, 2016 . live .
105. AJ Spiker . AJSpiker . 784532880873644032 . October 7, 2016 . Donald Trump should resign as the Republican nominee for president, he brags about sexuality harassing women. He is unfit for public office . en . December 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220505090530/https://twitter.com/ajspiker/status/784532880873644032 . May 5, 2022 . live.
106. News: Tallahassee Republicans voting for Clinton . Rossman . Sean . October 10, 2016 . . October 10, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190513040207/https://www.tallahassee.com/story/news/2016/10/10/local-republicans-voting-clinton/91860074/ . May 13, 2019 . live .
107. JWGOP . 784563806269796353 . October 8, 2016 . The ticket should resign, not just Trump. The ticket owns the entirety of Trump's behavior, past and present..
108. News: Rick Wilson Would Take Clinton Over Trump . Cox . Ana Marie . March 24, 2016 . The New York Times . November 8, 2017 . en-US . 0362-4331 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180113134208/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/27/magazine/rick-wilson-would-take-clinton-over-trump.html . January 13, 2018 . live .
109. Web site: Business leaders announce support for Clinton . Przybyla . Heidi M. . June 23, 2016 . . September 3, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171007120038/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/onpolitics/2016/06/23/hillary-clinton-business-leaders-endorsement/86281142/ . October 7, 2017 . live .
110. News: I've always voted Republican. Until now. . Akerson . Daniel . August 17, 2016 . . September 21, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160914132617/https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/ive-always-voted-republican-until-now/2016/08/17/03a1b970-622d-11e6-96c0-37533479f3f5_story.html . September 14, 2016 . live .
111. News: Here's the list of Republican politicians, donors and operatives supporting Hillary Clinton . Blake . Aaron . October 8, 2016 . . August 17, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160818161636/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/06/30/heres-the-growing-list-of-big-name-republicans-supporting-hillary-clinton/ . August 18, 2016 . live .
112. Web site: Billionaire Miami Republican who backed Jeb Bush endorses Hillary Clinton . Mazzei . Patricia . September 1, 2016 . . September 3, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160902235126/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/politics-government/election/hillary-clinton/article99234942.html . September 2, 2016 . live .
113. Web site: Where Republicans Stand on Donald Trump: A Cheat Sheet . Graham . David A. . October 2016 . . October 3, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161004041109/http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/10/where-republicans-stand-on-donald-trump-a-cheat-sheet/481449/ . October 4, 2016 . live .
114. Web site: Donald Trump is at the wheel, and road looks rocky . Viser . Matt . Jan . Tracy . July 20, 2016 . . July 21, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160721113332/http://www.bostonglobe.com/news/nation/2016/07/20/donald-trump-now-wheel-and-road-ahead-looks-rocky/m6UYxpYuuv5MwNLLvWCjzN/story.html . July 21, 2016 . live .
115. Web site: Vegas CEO: I'm crossing the aisle to back Clinton . Murren . James . August 15, 2016 . . August 15, 2016 . I'm going to put my country ahead of my party by voting for Hillary Clinton – and by making my first-ever public endorsement of a presidential candidate. . https://web.archive.org/web/20160815222335/http://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2016/08/15/republican-ceo-endorses-clinton-mgm-resorts-international-jim-murren-las-vegas/88726804/ . August 15, 2016 . live .
116. News: Key G.O.P. Donors Still Deeply Resist Donald Trump's Candidacy . . Jonathan . Martin . Alexander . Burns . May 21, 2016 . June 1, 2020.
117. Web site: List: Which Republicans oppose Trump and why? . Chason . Rachel . August 10, 2016 . . August 16, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160814201508/http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/10/politics/donald-trump-republican-opposition . August 14, 2016 . live .
118. Welch . Jack . Jack Welch . jack_welch . 784884052499267584 . October 8, 2016 . Like Republican message on Economy, Security and Supreme Court...Unfortunately, wrong messenger...Party must change nominee now. . en . December 26, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201125030200/https://twitter.com/jack_welch/status/784884052499267584 . November 25, 2020 . live.
119. Web site: After Orlando, Republican Party Unity Behind Trump Grows More Elusive . Caldwell . Leigh Ann . June 15, 2016 . . June 17, 2016 . Whitman, who contributed money to the "Stop Trump" movement in the primaries, asked Ryan how he could support a demagogue like Trump, comparing him to Hitler and Mussolini. . https://web.archive.org/web/20160616202917/http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/after-orlando-republican-party-unity-behind-trump-grows-more-elusive-n592266 . June 16, 2016 . live .
120. Web site: College Republicans Decline to Endorse Donald Trump. Marc. Daalder. October 12, 2016. January 5, 2021.
121. Web site: Brown College Republicans officially endorse Trump as other conservatives express hesitation. Liza. Mullett. Corey. Gelb-Bicknell. October 29, 2020. Brown Daily Herald. January 5, 2021.
122. Web site: N.Y. Federation of College Republicans Revokes Recognition of Cornell Chapter Following Johnson Endorsement . Keller . Phoebe . September 3, 2016 . . September 4, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160904022412/http://cornellsun.com/2016/09/03/n-y-federation-of-college-republicans-revokes-recognition-of-cornell-chapter-following-johnson-endorsement/ . September 4, 2016 . live .
123. News: 'Ashamed' of Trump, Harvard Republican Club won't endorse top GOP nominee for first time since 1888 . Strauss . Valerie . August 5, 2016 . . August 24, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160812075853/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2016/08/05/ashamed-of-trump-harvard-republican-club-wont-endorse-top-gop-nominee-for-first-time-since-1888/ . August 12, 2016 . live .
124. Web site: Collegiate clubs make symbolic endorsements during the 2020 election. Lussier. Emily. November 5, 2020. ithacaweek.ic.com.
125. Web site: Kenyon Republicans decline to endorse Donald Trump . Amos . India . September 1, 2016 . The Kenyon Collegian . October 25, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161026080852/http://kenyoncollegian.com/2016/09/01/kenyon-republicans-decline-to-endorse-donald-trump/ . October 26, 2016 . live .
126. Web site: Log Cabin Republicans PAC Statement on Presidential Endorsement Decision . October 26, 2016 . October 22, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161026203525/http://www.logcabin.org/pressrelease/log-cabin-republicans-pac-statement-on-presidential-endorsement-decision/ . October 26, 2016 . live .
127. Web site: College Republicans in NM denounce Trump . Quintana . Chris . October 10, 2016 . . October 11, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161012084235/https://www.abqjournal.com/864623/college-republicans-in-nm-denounce-trump.html . October 12, 2016 . live .
128. Web site: Penn State College Republicans discuss club's decision not to endorse Donald Trump . Kalmowitz . Andy . August 24, 2016 . . August 24, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160827104758/http://www.collegian.psu.edu/news/campus/article_9b9a0dec-698d-11e6-b6c2-13d980f0066f.html . August 27, 2016 . live .
129. Web site: Some college Republican groups decline to endorse Trump, setting off debates. www.insidehighered.com. August 29, 2016 . January 5, 2021.
130. Web site: College Republican groups struggle with Trump endorsement. Lindsay. Ellis. September 13, 2016. HoustonChronicle.com. January 5, 2021.
131. Web site: Texas A&M College Republicans not officially endorsing candidate. Knight. Abby. September 23, 2016. July 21, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190721170331/https://www.kbtx.com/content/news/394513821.html. July 21, 2019. live.
132. News: Pryor . Richard . "Trump Train" Ignites Large Student Protest . January 22, 2017 . The Sewanee Purple . The University of the South . 3 . October 24, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170202014105/https://thesewaneepurple.org/2016/10/24/trump-train-ignites-large-student-protest/ . February 2, 2017 . live .
133. Web site: UVa College Republicans rescind Trump endorsement. The Daily Progress staff. reports. The Daily Progress. October 11, 2016 . January 5, 2021.
134. Johnson . Lauren R. . McCray . Deon . Ragusa . Jordan M. . January 11, 2018 .
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135. Trump Says He's Taking 'Shackles Off' His Campaign . Time . January 12, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171029161122/http://time.com/4526492/donald-trump-paul-ryan-shackles/ . October 29, 2017 . live .