List of RNAs explained

Ribonucleic acid (RNA) occurs in different forms within organisms and serves many different roles. Listed here are the types of RNA, grouped by role. Abbreviations for the different types of RNA are listed and explained.

By role

RNAs involved in protein synthesis

Type	Abbr.	Function	Distribution	Ref.
	mRNA	Codes for protein	All organisms
	rRNA		All organisms
	7SL RNA or SRP RNA	Membrane integration	All organisms	^[1]
	tRNA	Translation	All organisms
	tmRNA	Rescuing stalled ribosomes		^[2]

RNAs involved in post-transcriptional modification or DNA replication

Type	Abbr.	Function	Distribution	Ref.
	snRNA	Splicing and other functions		^[3]
	snoRNA	Nucleotide modification of RNAs	Eukaryotes and archaea	^[4]
	SmY	mRNA trans-splicing		^[5]
	scaRNA	Type of snoRNA; Nucleotide modification of RNAs
	gRNA	mRNA nucleotide modification		^[6]
	RNase P	tRNA maturation	All organisms	^[7]
	RNase MRP		Eukaryotes	^[8]
		RNA processing, DNA replication	Animals	^[9]
	TERC	Telomere synthesis	Most eukaryotes	^[10]
	SL RNA	mRNA trans-splicing, RNA processing

Regulatory RNAs

Type	Abbr.	Function	Distribution	Ref.
	aRNA, asRNA	Transcriptional attenuation / mRNA degradation / mRNA stabilisation / Translation block	All organisms	^[11] ^[12]
	cis-NAT	Gene regulation
CRISPR RNA	crRNA	Resistance to parasites, by targeting their DNA	Bacteria and archaea	^[13]
	lncRNA	Regulation of gene transcription, epigenetic regulation	Eukaryotes
	miRNA	Gene regulation	Most eukaryotes	^[14]
	piRNA	Transposon defense, maybe other functions	Most animals	^[15] ^[16]
	siRNA	Gene regulation	Most eukaryotes	^[17]
	shRNA	Gene regulation	Most eukaryotes	^[18]
	tasiRNA	Gene regulation	Land plants	^[19]
	rasiRNA	Type of piRNA; transposon defense		^[20]
	7SK	negatively regulating CDK9/cyclin T complex
	eRNA	Gene regulation		^[21]

Parasitic RNAs

Type	Function	Distribution	Ref.
	Self-propagating	Eukaryotes and some bacteria	^[22]
Viral genome	Information carrier	Double-stranded RNA viruses, positive-sense RNA viruses, negative-sense RNA viruses, many satellite viruses and reverse transcribing viruses
	Self-propagating	Infected plants	^[23]
	Self-propagating	Infected cells

Other RNAs

Type	Abbr.	Function	Distribution	Ref.
	vRNA, vtRNA	Expulsion of xenobiotics (conjectured)		^[24]
	-	Unknown

RNA abbreviations

Abbr.	Name	Family	Description	Ref.
	non coding RNA	-
nmRNA	non messenger RNA	-	synonym of ncRNA
sRNA	small RNA	-	synonym of ncRNA
smnRNA	small non messenger RNA	-	synonym of ncRNA
tRNA	transfer RNA	RF00005
sRNA	soluble RNA	-	synonym of tRNA
mRNA	messenger RNA	-
pcRNA	protein coding RNA	-	synonym of mRNA
rRNA	ribosomal RNA	multiple families
5S rRNA	5S ribosomal RNA	RF00001
5.8S rRNA	5.8S ribosomal RNA	RF00002
SSU rRNA	small subunit ribosomal RNA	CL00111
LSU rRNA	large subunit ribosomal RNA	CL00112
NoRC RNA	nucleolar remodeling complex associated RNA	RF01518
pRNA	promoter RNA	RF01518	synonym of NoRC RNA
6S RNA	6S RNA	RF00013
SsrS RNA		RF00013	synonym of 6S RNA
aRNA	antisense RNA	-	synonym of asRNA
asRNA	antisense RNA	-
asmiRNA	antisense micro RNA	-
cis-NAT	cis-natural antisense transcript	-	Natural antisense transcripts transcribed from the same genomic locus as their target but from the opposite DNA strand and form perfect pairs
crRNA	CRISPR RNA	-
tracrRNA	trans-activating crRNA	-
CRISPR RNA	CRISPR-Cas RNA	multiple families
DD RNA	DNA damage response RNA	-	RNA that activates DNA damage response
diRNA	DSB-induced small RNAs	-
dsRNA	double stranded RNA	-
endo-siRNA	endogenous small interfering RNA	-
exRNA	extracellular RNA	-
gRNA	guide RNA	-
hc-siRNA	heterochromatic small interfering RNA	-
hcsiRNA	heterochromatic small interfering RNA	-	synonym of hc-siRNA
hnRNA	heterogeneous nuclear RNA	-	synonym for pre-mRNA (in the strict sense, it may include nuclear RNA transcripts that do not end up as cytoplasmic mRNA)
RNAi	RNA interference	-	Process in which RNA inhibit gene expression or translation, by neutralizing targeted mRNA molecules
lincRNA	long intergenic non-coding RNA	-
lncRNA	long non coding RNA	-
miRNA	micro RNA	multiple families
mrpRNA	mitochondrial RNA processing ribonuclease	-	synonym of RNase MRP
nat-siRNA	natural antisense short interfering RNA	-	synonym of natsiRNA
natsiRNA	natural antisense short interfering RNA	-	Endogenous RNA regulators, between 21 and 24 nt in length, and are generated from complementary mRNA transcripts which are further processed into siRNA
OxyS RNA	oxidative stress response RNA	RF00035	Small non coding RNA which is induced in response to oxidative stress in Escherichia coli
piRNA	piwi-interacting RNA	multiple families	Small RNAs that form RNA-protein complexes with piwi proteins in animal cells
qiRNA	QDE-2 interfering RNA	-
rasiRNA	Repeat associated siRNA	-	Small RNA that is involved in the RNA interference pathway, a type of piRNA
RNase MRP	mitochondrial RNA processing ribonuclease	RF00030
RNase P	ribonuclease P	RF00010	A type of ribonuclease which cleaves RNA
scaRNA	small Cajal body-specific RNA	RF00553
scnRNA	small-scan RNA	-
scRNA	small cytoplasmic RNA	-
scRNA	small conditional RNA	-
SgrS RNA	sugar transport-related sRNA	RF00534	Small RNA that is activated by SgrR in Escherichia coli during glucose-phosphate stress
shRNA	short hairpin RNA	-
siRNA	small interfering RNA	-
SL RNA	spliced leader RNA	multiple families
SmY RNA	mRNA trans-splicing	RF01844	Small nuclear RNAs found in some species of nematode worms, thought to be involved in mRNA trans-splicing
snoRNA	small nucleolar RNA	multiple families
snRNA	small nuclear RNA	multiple families
snRNP	small nuclear ribonucleic proteins	-
SPA lncRNA	5' small nucleolar RNA capped and 3' polyadenylated long noncoding RNA	-
SRP RNA	signal recognition particle RNA	CL00003
ssRNA	single stranded RNA	-
stRNA	small temporal RNA	-
tasiRNA	trans-acting siRNA	-
tmRNA	transfer-messenger RNA	RF00023	Bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties
uRNA	U spliceosomal RNA	multiple families
vRNA	vault RNA	-	synonym of vtRNA
vtRNA	vault RNA	RF00006
Xist RNA	X-inactive specific transcript	-
Y RNA	Y RNA	RF00019	Components of the Ro60 ribonucleoprotein particle and necessary for DNA replication through interactions with chromatin and initiation proteins
NATs	natural antisense transcripts	-	Natural antisense transcripts encoded within a cell that have transcript complementarity to other RNA transcripts
pre-mRNA	precursor messenger RNA	-	Immature single strand of messenger RNA
circRNA	circular RNA	-
msRNA	multicopy, single-stranded RNA	-	Products of a retron-encoded reverse transcriptase (RT) which form a RT-msDNA complex that acts as an anti-phage antitoxin	^[25] ^[26]
cfRNA	cell-free RNA	-

See also

• List of cis-regulatory RNA elements
• RNA: Types of RNA
• Non-coding RNA

External links

• Rfam database - a collection of RNA families
• European ribosomal RNA database

Notes and References

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