List of prime ministers of Italy explained

The prime minister of Italy is the head of the Council of Ministers, which holds effective executive power in the Italian government.^{[1] [2]} The first officeholder was Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the unification of Italy.^[3] Cavour previously served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, an office from which the Italian prime minister took most of its powers and duties.^[4] During the monarchy period, prime ministers were appointed by the king of Italy, as laid down in the Albertine Statute.^[5] From 1925 until the fall of his regime in 1943, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State".^[6] From 1861 to 1946, 30 men served as prime ministers, leading 67 governments in total.^[7]

After the abolition of the Kingdom of Italy in 1946 and the proclamation of the Italian Republic, the office was established by Articles 92 through 96 of the Constitution of Italy. Alcide De Gasperi is the only prime minister who has held this position both in the Kingdom of Italy and in the Republic of Italy.

The prime minister is appointed by the President of the Republic and must receive a confidence vote by both houses of Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.^[8] From 1946 to 2022, in the first 76 years after the creation of the Republic, 30 men served as prime ministers.^{[9] [10]} The current officeholder is Giorgia Meloni, who was appointed on 22 October 2022, becoming the first woman to hold this office.^{[11] [12]}

The longest-serving prime minister in the history of Italy was Benito Mussolini, who ruled the country from 1922 until 1943;^[13] the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic is Silvio Berlusconi, who held the position for more than nine years between 1994 and 2011.^[14] The shortest-serving officeholder was Tommaso Tittoni, who served as prime minister for only 16 days in 1905,^[15] while the shortest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Fernando Tambroni, who governed for 123 days in 1960.^[16]

Prime ministers of Italy

Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Parties:

Coalitions:

Symbols:
Died in office

width=5% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Portrait	width=14% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Name	width=28% colspan=3	Term of office	width=12% rowspan=2 colspan=2 scope="col"	Party	width=10% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Government	width=15% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Composition	width=3% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Legislature	width=4% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Monarch	width=1% rowspan=2 scope="col"
width=10% scope="col"	Took office	width=10% scope="col"	Left office	width=8% scope="col"	Time in office
	Camillo Benso di Cavour	23 March 1861	6 June 1861			Historical Right	Cavour IV	bgcolor=#BEE1F5	Right	VIII (1861)	Victor Emmanuel II	^[17]
	Bettino Ricasoli	12 June 1861	3 March 1862			Historical Right	Ricasoli I	bgcolor=#BEE1F5	Right	^[18]
	Urbano Rattazzi	3 March 1862				Historical Left	Rattazzi I	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Right • Left	^[19]
	Luigi Carlo Farini		24 March 1863			Historical Right	Farini	bgcolor=#BEE1F5	Right	^[20]
	Marco Minghetti	24 March 1863	28 September 1864			Historical Right	Minghetti I	bgcolor=#BEE1F5	Right	^[21]
	Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora	28 September 1864	31 December 1865			Military	La Marmora II	Right	^[22] ^[23]
	31 December 1865	20 June 1866	La Marmora III		IX (1865)
	Bettino Ricasoli	20 June 1866	10 April 1867			Historical Right	Ricasoli II	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Right • Left	^[24]
	Urbano Rattazzi	10 April 1867	27 October 1867			Historical Left	Rattazzi II	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Right • Left	X (1867)		^[25]
	Luigi Federico Menabrea	27 October 1867	5 January 1868			Historical Right	Menabrea I	bgcolor=#BEE1F5 rowspan=3	Right	^[26] ^[27] ^[28]
	5 January 1868	13 May 1869	Menabrea II
	13 May 1869	14 December 1869	Menabrea III
	Giovanni Lanza	14 December 1869	10 July 1873			Historical Right	Lanza	bgcolor=#BEE1F5	Right	XI (1870)		^[29]
	Marco Minghetti	10 July 1873	25 March 1876			Historical Right	Minghetti II	bgcolor=#BEE1F5	Right	XII (1874)		^[30]
	Agostino Depretis	25 March 1876	25 December 1877			Historical Left	Depretis I	bgcolor=#92EFBB rowspan=2	Left	XIII (1876)		^[31] ^[32]
	26 December 1877	24 March 1878	Depretis II		Umberto I
	Benedetto Cairoli	24 March 1878	19 December 1878				Historical Left	Cairoli I	bgcolor=#92EFBB	Left	^[33]
	Agostino Depretis	19 December 1878	14 July 1879				Historical Left	Depretis III	bgcolor=#92EFBB	Left	^[34]
	Benedetto Cairoli	14 July 1879	25 November 1879				Historical Left	Cairoli II	bgcolor=#92EFBB rowspan=2	Left	^[35] ^[36]
	25 November 1879	29 May 1881	Cairoli III			XIV (1880)
	Agostino Depretis	29 May 1881	25 May 1883				Historical Left	Depretis IV	bgcolor=#92EFBB rowspan=5	Left	^[37] ^[38] ^[39] ^[40] ^[41]
	25 May 1883	30 March 1884	Depretis V			XV (1882)
	30 March 1884	29 June 1885	Depretis VI
	29 June 1885	4 April 1887	Depretis VII			XVI (1886)
	4 April 1887	29 July 1887	Depretis VIII
	Francesco Crispi	29 July 1887	9 March 1889				Historical Left	Crispi I	bgcolor=#92EFBB rowspan=2	Left	^[42] ^[43]
	9 March 1889	6 February 1891	Crispi II			XVII (1890)
	Antonio Starabba di Rudinì	6 February 1891	15 May 1892				Historical Right	Di Rudinì I	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Left • Right	^[44]
	Giovanni Giolitti	15 May 1892	15 December 1893				Historical Left	Giolitti I	bgcolor=#92EFBB	Left	XVIII (1892)	^[45]
	Francesco Crispi	15 December 1893	14 June 1894				Historical Left	Crispi III	bgcolor=#E4E4E4 rowspan=2	Left • Right	^[46] ^[47]
	14 June 1894	10 March 1896	Crispi IV			XIX (1895)
	Antonio Starabba di Rudinì	10 March 1896	11 July 1896				Historical Right	Di Rudinì II	Right with Left's external support	^[48] ^[49] ^[50] ^[51]
	11 July 1896	14 December 1897	Di Rudinì III
	14 December 1897	1 June 1898	Di Rudinì IV			bgcolor=#E4E4E4 style="font-size:95%;"		Left • Right	XX (1897)
	1 June 1898	29 June 1898	Di Rudinì V			bgcolor=#E4E4E4		Left • Right
	Luigi Pelloux	29 June 1898	14 May 1899				Military	Pelloux I	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Left with Right's external support	^[52] ^[53]
	14 May 1899	24 June 1900	Pelloux II			bgcolor=#E4E4E4		Left • Right
	Giuseppe Saracco	24 June 1900	15 February 1901			Historical Left	Saracco	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Left • Right	XXI (1900)	Victor Emmanuel III	^[54]
	Giuseppe Zanardelli	15 February 1901	3 November 1903			Historical Left	Zanardelli	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Left • Right	^[55]
	Giovanni Giolitti	3 November 1903	12 March 1905			Historical Left	Giolitti II	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Left • Right with PSI's external support	XXII (1904)		^[56]
	Tommaso Tittoni	12 March 1905	28 March 1905			Historical Right	Tittoni	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Left • Right	^[57]
	Alessandro Fortis	28 March 1905	24 December 1905			Historical Left	Fortis I	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Left • Right	^[58] ^[59]
	24 December 1905	8 February 1906	Fortis II		bgcolor=#E4E4E4		Left with Right's external support
	Sidney Sonnino	8 February 1906	29 May 1906			Historical Right	Sonnino I	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Left • Right • PR	^[60]
	Giovanni Giolitti	29 May 1906	11 December 1909			Historical Left	Giolitti III	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Left • Right	^[61]
	Sidney Sonnino	11 December 1909	31 March 1910			Historical Right	Sonnino II	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Right with Left's external support	XXIII (1909)		^[62]
	Luigi Luzzatti	31 March 1910	30 March 1911			Historical Right	Luzzatti	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Left • Right • PR	^[63]
	Giovanni Giolitti	30 March 1911	21 March 1914			Liberal Union	Giolitti IV	bgcolor=#D5E1FF	UL • PR	^[64]
	Antonio Salandra	21 March 1914	5 November 1914			Liberal Union	Salandra I	bgcolor=#D5E1FF	UL	XXIV (1913)		^[65] ^[66]
	5 November 1914	18 June 1916	Salandra II		bgcolor=#D5E1FF		UL • PRI
	Paolo Boselli	18 June 1916	30 October 1917			Liberal Union	Boselli	bgcolor=#D5E1FF	UL • PR • UECI • PSRI	^[67]
	Vittorio Emanuele Orlando	30 October 1917	23 June 1919			Liberal Union	Orlando	bgcolor=#D5E1FF	UL • PR • UECI • PSRI	^[68]
	Francesco Saverio Nitti	23 June 1919	21 May 1920			Italian Radical Party	Nitti I	bgcolor=#D5E1FF	UL • PLDI • PPI • PR • PSRI	^[69] ^[70]
	21 May 1920	15 June 1920	Nitti II		bgcolor=#D5E1FF		UL • PLDI • PPI • PR	XXV (1919)
	Giovanni Giolitti	15 June 1920	4 July 1921			Liberal Union	Giolitti V	bgcolor=#D5E1FF	UL • PLDI • PPI • PDSI • PR • PSRI	^[71]
	Ivanoe Bonomi	4 July 1921	26 February 1922			Italian Reformist Socialist Party	Bonomi I	bgcolor=#D5E1FF	PPI • PLI • PLDI • PDSI • PSRI	XXVI (1921)		^[72]
	Luigi Facta	26 February 1922	1 August 1922			Liberal Union / Italian Liberal Party	Facta I	bgcolor=#D5E1FF		^[73] ^[74]
	1 August 1922	31 October 1922	Facta II		bgcolor=#D5E1FF
	Benito Mussolini	31 October 1922	25 July 1943			National Fascist Party	Mussolini	bgcolor=#E4E4E4		^[75]
	PNF				XXVII (1924)
	XXVIII (1929)
	XXIX (1934)
	XXX (no election)
	Pietro Badoglio	25 July 1943	24 April 1944			Military	Badoglio I	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Independents • DC • PLI	Parliament abolished		^[76] ^[77]
	24 April 1944	18 June 1944	Badoglio II		bgcolor=#BDEDD5		CLN DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL
	Ivanoe Bonomi	18 June 1944	12 December 1944			Labour Democratic Party	Bonomi II	bgcolor=#BDEDD5	CLN DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL	^[78] ^[79]
	12 December 1944	21 June 1945	bgcolor=#BDEDD5		Bonomi III		bgcolor=#BDEDD5	CLN DC • PCI • PLI • PDL
	Ferruccio Parri	21 June 1945	10 December 1945			Action Party	Parri	bgcolor=#BDEDD5	CLN DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL	National Council		^[80]
	Alcide De Gasperi	10 December 1945	13 July 1946			Christian Democracy	bgcolor=#BDEDD5	De Gasperi I	bgcolor=#BDEDD5	CLN DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL	Umberto II	^[81]

Prime ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)

Parties:

Coalitions:

width=5% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Portrait	width=14% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Name	width=28% colspan=3	Term of office	width=12% rowspan=2 colspan=2 scope="col"	Party	width=10% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Government	width=15% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Composition	width=3% rowspan=2 scope="col"	Legislature	width=4% rowspan=2 scope="col"	President	width=1% rowspan=2 scope="col"
width=10% scope="col"	Took office	width=10% scope="col"	Left office	width=8% scope="col"	Time in office
	Alcide De Gasperi	13 July 1946	2 February 1947			Christian Democracy	De Gasperi II	bgcolor=#BDEDD5	CLN DC • PSIUP • PCI • PRI	Constituent Assembly (1946)	Enrico De Nicola	^[82] ^[83] ^[84] ^[85] ^[86] ^[87] ^[88]
	2 February 1947	1 June 1947	De Gasperi III		bgcolor=#BDEDD5		CLN DC • PSI • PCI • PDL
	1 June 1947	24 May 1948	De Gasperi IV		Centrism DC • PSDI • PLI • PRI
	24 May 1948	27 January 1950	De Gasperi V				I (1948)	Luigi Einaudi
	27 January 1950	26 July 1951	De Gasperi VI		bgcolor=#D5EFFF		Centrism DC • PSDI • PRI
	26 July 1951	16 July 1953	De Gasperi VII		bgcolor=#D5EFFF		Centrism DC • PRI
	16 July 1953	17 August 1953	De Gasperi VIII		bgcolor=#D5EFFF		DC		II (1953)
	Giuseppe Pella	17 August 1953	19 January 1954			Christian Democracy	Pella		bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC	^[89]
	Amintore Fanfani	19 January 1954	10 February 1954			Christian Democracy	Fanfani I		bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC	^[90]
	Mario Scelba	10 February 1954	6 July 1955			Christian Democracy	Scelba		bgcolor=#D5EFFF	Centrism DC • PSDI • PLI	^[91]
	Antonio Segni	6 July 1955	20 May 1957			Christian Democracy	Segni I	bgcolor=#D5EFFF	Centrism DC • PSDI • PLI	Giovanni Gronchi	^[92]
	Adone Zoli	20 May 1957	2 July 1958			Christian Democracy	Zoli	bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC		^[93]
	Amintore Fanfani	2 July 1958	16 February 1959			Christian Democracy	Fanfani II	bgcolor=#D5EFFF	Centrism DC • PSDI		III (1958)	^[94]
	Antonio Segni	16 February 1959	26 March 1960			Christian Democracy	Segni II	bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC			^[95]
	Fernando Tambroni	26 March 1960	27 July 1960			Christian Democracy	Tambroni	bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC			^[96]
	Amintore Fanfani	27 July 1960	22 February 1962			Christian Democracy	Fanfani III	bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC			^[97] ^[98]
	22 February 1962	22 June 1963	Fanfani IV		bgcolor=#D5EFFF		DC • PSDI • PRI	Antonio Segni
	Giovanni Leone	22 June 1963	5 December 1963			Christian Democracy	Leone I		bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC	IV (1963)	^[99]
	Aldo Moro	5 December 1963	23 July 1964			Christian Democracy	Moro I		Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI	^[100] ^[101] ^[102]
	23 July 1964	24 February 1966	Moro II		Giuseppe Saragat
	24 February 1966	25 June 1968	Moro III
	Giovanni Leone	25 June 1968	13 December 1968				Christian Democracy	Leone II	DC	V (1968)	^[103]
	Mariano Rumor	13 December 1968	6 August 1969				Christian Democracy	Rumor I	bgcolor=#FFE5E5	Organic centre-left DC • PSU • PRI	^[104] ^[105] ^[106]
	6 August 1969	28 March 1970	Rumor II			bgcolor=#D5EFFF		DC
	28 March 1970	6 August 1970	Rumor III			bgcolor=#FFE5E5		Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI
	Emilio Colombo	6 August 1970	18 February 1972				Christian Democracy	Colombo	bgcolor=#FFE5E5	Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI	^[107]
	Giulio Andreotti	18 February 1972	26 June 1972			Christian Democracy	Andreotti I	bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC	Giovanni Leone	^[108] ^[109]
	26 June 1972	8 July 1973	Andreotti II		bgcolor=#D5EFFF		DC • PSDI • PLI	VI (1972)
	Mariano Rumor	8 July 1973	15 March 1974			Christian Democracy	Rumor IV	bgcolor=#FFE5E5	Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI		^[110] ^[111]
	15 March 1974	23 November 1974	Rumor V		bgcolor=#FFE5E5		Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI
	Aldo Moro	23 November 1974	12 February 1976			Christian Democracy	Moro IV	bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC • PRI		^[112] ^[113]
	12 February 1976	30 July 1976	Moro V		bgcolor=#D5EFFF		DC
	Giulio Andreotti	30 July 1976	13 March 1978			Christian Democracy	Andreotti III	Historic Compromise DC	VII (1976)		^[114] ^[115] ^[116]
	13 March 1978	21 March 1979			Sandro Pertini
	21 March 1979	5 August 1979	Andreotti V				bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC • PSDI • PRI
	Francesco Cossiga	5 August 1979	4 April 1980				Christian Democracy	Cossiga I	bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC • PSDI • PLI	VIII (1979)	^[117] ^[118]
	4 April 1980	18 October 1980	Cossiga II			bgcolor=#FFE5E5		Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PRI
	Arnaldo Forlani	18 October 1980	28 June 1981				Christian Democracy	Forlani	bgcolor=#FFE5E5	Organic centre-left DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI	^[119]
	Giovanni Spadolini	28 June 1981	23 August 1982				Italian Republican Party	Spadolini I	Pentapartito DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI • PLI	^[120] ^[121]
	23 August 1982	1 December 1982	Spadolini II
	Amintore Fanfani	1 December 1982	4 August 1983				Christian Democracy	Fanfani V	DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI	^[122]
	Bettino Craxi	4 August 1983	1 August 1986				Italian Socialist Party	Craxi I	Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI	IX (1983)	^[123] ^[124]
	1 August 1986	18 April 1987	Craxi II		Francesco Cossiga
	Amintore Fanfani	18 April 1987	29 July 1987				Christian Democracy	Fanfani VI	bgcolor=#D5EFFF	DC
	Giovanni Goria	29 July 1987	13 April 1988				Christian Democracy	Goria	bgcolor=#FFE2D5	Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI	X (1987)	^[125]
	Ciriaco De Mita	13 April 1988	23 July 1989				Christian Democracy	De Mita	bgcolor=#FFE2D5	Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI	^[126]
	Giulio Andreotti	23 July 1989	13 April 1991				Christian Democracy	Andreotti VI	bgcolor=#FFE2D5	Pentapartito DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI	^[127] ^[128]
	13 April 1991	28 June 1992	Andreotti VII			bgcolor=#FFE2D5		Quadripartito DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI
	Giuliano Amato	28 June 1992	28 April 1993			Italian Socialist Party	Amato I	bgcolor=#FFE2D5	Quadripartito DC • PSI • PLI • PSDI	XI (1992)	Oscar Luigi Scalfaro	^[129]
	Carlo Azeglio Ciampi	28 April 1993	11 May 1994			Independent	Ciampi	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	DC • PSI • PDS • PLI • PRI • PSDI • FdV	^[130]
	Silvio Berlusconi	11 May 1994	17 January 1995			Forza Italia	Berlusconi I	bgcolor=#BEE1F5	PdL–PBG FI • LN • AN • CCD • UdC	XII (1994)		^[131]
	Lamberto Dini	17 January 1995	18 May 1996			Independent	Dini	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Independents	^[132]
	Romano Prodi	18 May 1996	21 October 1998			Independent	Prodi I	bgcolor=#FFDAE1	The Olive Tree PDS • PPI • RI • FdV • UD	XIII (1996)		^[133]
	Massimo D'Alema	21 October 1998	22 December 1999			Democrats of the Left	D'Alema I	The Olive Tree DS • PPI • RI • SDI • FdV • PdCI • UDR • UDEUR • Dem	^[134] ^[135]
	22 December 1999	26 April 2000	D'Alema II		Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
	Giuliano Amato	26 April 2000	11 June 2001				Independent	Amato II	bgcolor=#FFDAE1	The Olive Tree DS • PPI • Dem • FdV • PdCI • UDEUR • RI • SDI	^[136]
	Silvio Berlusconi	11 June 2001	23 April 2005				Forza Italia	Berlusconi II	House of Freedoms FI • AN • LN • UDC • NPSI • PRI	XIV (2001)	^[137] ^[138]
	23 April 2005	17 May 2006	Berlusconi III
	Romano Prodi	17 May 2006	8 May 2008			Independent / Democratic Party	Prodi II	bgcolor=#FFDAE1	The Union DS • DL • PRC • RnP • PdCI • IdV • FdV • UDEUR	XV (2006)	Giorgio Napolitano	^[139]
	Silvio Berlusconi	8 May 2008	16 November 2011			The People of Freedom	Berlusconi IV	bgcolor=#BEE1F5	Centre-right coalition PdL • LN	XVI (2008)		^[140]
	Mario Monti	16 November 2011	28 April 2013			Independent	Monti	bgcolor=E4E4E4	Independents	^[141]
	Enrico Letta	28 April 2013	22 February 2014			Democratic Party	Letta	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	Grand coalition PD • PdL • NCD • SC • PpI • UDC • RI	XVII (2013)		^[142]
	Matteo Renzi	22 February 2014	12 December 2016			Democratic Party	Renzi	bgcolor=#FFDAE1	Centre-left coalition PD • NCD • SC • UDC	^[143]
	Paolo Gentiloni	12 December 2016	1 June 2018			Democratic Party	Gentiloni	bgcolor=#FFDAE1	Centre-left coalition PD • NCD/AP • CpE	Sergio Mattarella	^[144]
	Giuseppe Conte	1 June 2018				Independent	Conte I	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	M5S • Lega		XVIII (2018)	^[145] ^[146]
			Conte II		bgcolor=#E4E4E4		M5S • PD • Art.1 • IV
	Mario Draghi	13 February 2021	22 October 2022			Independent	Draghi	bgcolor=#E4E4E4	M5S • Lega • PD • FI • IpF • IV • Art.1 • A		^[147]
	Giorgia Meloni	22 October 2022	Incumbent			Brothers of Italy	Meloni	Centre-right coalition FdI • Lega • FI	XIX (2022)		^[148]

Timeline

Italian Republic (1946–present)

See also

• Deputy Prime Minister of Italy
• Lists of office-holders
• List of prime ministers of Italy by time in office
• Politics of Italy
• Prime Minister of Italy

Bibliography

• Book: it. Guglielmotti. Umberto. I presidenti del Consiglio dei Ministri dell'Unita' d'Italia ad oggi, . 1966. CEN.
• Book: it. Viviani. Maria Paola. La presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri in alcuni stati dell'Europa occidentale ed in Italia. 1970. Giuffrè.
• Book: it. Rotelli. Ettore. La Presidenza Del Consiglio Dei Ministri: Il Problema Del Coordinamento Dell'amministrazione Centrale in Italia, (1848–1948). 1972. Giuffrè.
• Book: it. Marzo. Corradino. Amodio. Vito Domenico. I governi della Repubblica. Storia dei Presidenti del Consiglio, . 2014. Lupo. 978-8866671893.

Notes and References

1. Web site: I Governi nelle Legislature . www.governo.it . 15 November 2021 . it . 9 November 2015 . 15 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115052847/https://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/i-governi-nelle-legislature/192 . live .
2. Web site: La funzione del Presidente del Consiglio . www.governo.it . 15 November 2021 . it . 9 November 2015 . 15 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115052757/https://www.governo.it/it/il-governo-funzioni-struttura-e-storia/la-funzione-del-presidente-del-consiglio/188 . live .
3. Web site: Cavour, Camillo Benso conte di nell'Enciclopedia Treccani . www.treccani.it . Enciclopedia Treccani . 15 November 2021 . it-IT . 29 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211029202223/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/camillo-benso-conte-di-cavour/ . live .
4. Book: Mack Smith . Denis . Cavour . 1985 . Weidenfeld and Nicolson . London . 9780297785125.
5. Web site: Lo Statuto Albertino. The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. 14 November 2021. it. 16 August 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180816025611/http://www.quirinale.it/allegati_statici/costituzione/Statutoalbertino.pdf. live.
6. Web site: LEGGE 24 dicembre 1925, n. 2263-Normattiva . www.normattiva.it . 15 November 2021 . it-IT . 14 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114222732/https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:1925-12-24;2263!vig= . live .
7. Web site: I Presidenti del Consiglio . legislature.camera.it . 15 November 2021 . it . 14 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211114232158/http://legislature.camera.it/organiparlamentarism/241/4405/5342/documentotesto.asp . live .
8. Web site: Italy-Government and society Britannica . www.britannica.com . Encyclopedia Britannica . 15 November 2021 . en . 19 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211019005758/https://www.britannica.com/place/Italy/Government-and-society . live .
9. News: Harris . Chris . Why do governments in Italy change so often? . 15 November 2021 . euronews . 13 December 2016 . en . 15 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115092530/https://www.euronews.com/2016/12/13/why-do-italian-governments-change-so-often . live .
10. Web site: In 75 anni le donne al governo sono state appena il 6,5% . www.ilsole24ore.com . 12 February 2021 . . 12 February 2021 . it-IT . 12 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210212151436/https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/in-75-anni-donne-governo-sono-state-appena-65percento-ADidBLJB?refresh_ce=1 . live .
11. Web site: Governo, Mattarella conferisce l'incarico a Meloni. Giorgia: "Esecutivo di alto profilo che lavorerà spedito". Domani il giuramento alle 10 in Quirinale. La lista dei 24 ministri . 21 October 2022 .
12. Web site: Far-right leader Giorgia Meloni sworn in as Italy's prime minister . . 22 October 2022 . 22 October 2022.
13. Web site: Mussolini, Benito . www.treccani.it . Enciclopedia Treccani . 15 November 2021 . it-IT . 27 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211027164647/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/benito-mussolini/ . live .
14. Web site: Quali sono stati i governi italiani più lunghi? . www.youtrend.it . 26 November 2020 . YouTrend . 15 November 2021 . it-IT . 13 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211113183842/https://www.youtrend.it/2020/11/26/governi-italiani-piu-lunghi/ . live .
15. Web site: Tommaso Tittoni nell'Enciclopedia Treccani . www.treccani.it . Enciclopedia Treccani . 15 November 2021 . it-IT . 15 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115174655/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/tommaso-tittoni_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ . live .
16. Web site: Fernando Tambroni Armaroli nell'Enciclopedia Treccani . www.treccani.it . Enciclopedia Treccani . 15 November 2021 . it-IT . 15 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211115174656/https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/fernando-tambroni-armaroli_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/ . live .
17. Web site: IV Governo Cavour . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729161116/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-cavour/ . live .
18. Web site: I Governo Ricasoli . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729155950/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-ricasoli/ . live .
19. Web site: I Governo Rattazzi . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 19 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200719094305/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-rattazzi . live .
20. Web site: I Governo Farini . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 1 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200601080111/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-farini/ . live .
21. Web site: I Governo Minghetti . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 18 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200718040434/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-minghetti . live .
22. Web site: II Governo La Marmora . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 24 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200824211825/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-marmora . live .
23. Web site: III Governo La Marmora . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729161035/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-marmora/ . live .
24. Web site: II Governo Ricasoli . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 1 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200601151827/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-ricasoli/ . live .
25. Web site: II Governo Rattazzi . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160824/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-rattazzi/ . live .
26. Web site: I Governo Menabrea . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 5 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200705212718/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governomenabrea . live .
27. Web site: II Governo Menabrea . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160719/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-menabrea/ . live .
28. Web site: III Governo Menabrea . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 30 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730090014/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-menabrea/ . live .
29. Web site: I Governo Lanza . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 9 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200709165434/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-lanza . live .
30. Web site: II Governo Minghetti . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 20 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720073521/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-minghetti/ . live .
31. Web site: I Governo Depretis . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 28 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191128180445/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-depretis . live .
32. Web site: II Governo Depretis . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 30 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730082227/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-depretis/ . live .
33. Web site: I Governo Cairoli . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 30 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200530202050/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-cairoli/ . live .
34. Web site: III Governo Depretis . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 30 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200730082452/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-depretis/ . live .
35. Web site: II Governo Cairoli . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 2 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200602091950/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-cairoli/ . live .
36. Web site: III Governo Cairoli . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 22 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200822033406/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-cairoli/ . live .
37. Web site: IV Governo Depretis . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 3 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200603021400/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-depretis/ . live .
38. Web site: V Governo Depretis . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729161330/https://storia.camera.it/governi/v-governo-depretis/ . live .
39. Web site: VI Governo Depretis . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729161440/https://storia.camera.it/governi/vi-governo-depretis/ . live .
40. Web site: VII Governo Depretis . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729161446/https://storia.camera.it/governi/vii-governo-depretis/ . live .
41. Web site: VIII Governo Depretis . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729161455/https://storia.camera.it/governi/viii-governo-depretis/ . live .
42. Web site: I Governo Crispi . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729154400/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-crispi/ . live .
43. Web site: II Governo Crispi . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160442/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-crispi/ . live .
44. Web site: I Governo Di Rudinì . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 28 November 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191128180442/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-rudini . live .
45. Web site: I Governo Giolitti . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 8 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200908115942/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-giolitti/ . live .
46. Web site: III Governo Crispi . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 31 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200731222012/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-crispi/ . live .
47. Web site: IV Governo Crispi . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729161123/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-crispi/ . live .
48. Web site: II Governo Di Rudinì . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 14 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200714122519/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-rudini . live .
49. Web site: III Governo Di Rudinì . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 5 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200705231414/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-rudini . live .
50. Web site: IV Governo Di Rudinì . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729161240/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-rudini/ . live .
51. Web site: V Governo Di Rudinì . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124153020/https://storia.camera.it/governi/v-governo-rudini . live .
52. Web site: I Governo Pelloux . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 12 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200612095224/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-pelloux/ . live .
53. Web site: II Governo Pelloux . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160816/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-pelloux/ . live .
54. Web site: I Governo Saracco . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 13 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200613070003/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-saracco/ . live .
55. Web site: I Governo Zanardelli . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160155/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-zanardelli/ . live .
56. Web site: II Governo Giolitti . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 27 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200527111055/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-giolitti/ . live .
57. Web site: I Governo Tittoni . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 27 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200527111004/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-tittoni/ . live .
58. Web site: I Governo Fortis . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 22 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200822032805/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-fortis/ . live .
59. Web site: II Governo Fortis . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160646/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-fortis/ . live .
60. Web site: I Governo Sonnino . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160150/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-sonnino/ . live .
61. Web site: III Governo Giolitti . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729161014/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-giolitti/ . live .
62. Web site: II Governo Sonnino . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160848/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-sonnino/ . live .
63. Web site: I Governo Luzzatti . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 19 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211119081559/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-luzzatti/ . live .
64. Web site: IV Governo Giolitti . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 27 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201127034825/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-giolitti . live .
65. Web site: I Governo Salandra . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 25 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201125230625/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-salandra . live .
66. Web site: II Governo Salandra . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160841/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-salandra/ . live .
67. Web site: I Governo Boselli . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 28 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200728223451/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-boselli . live .
68. Web site: I Governo Orlando . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729155733/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-orlando/ . live .
69. Web site: I Governo Nitti . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729155700/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-nitti/ . live .
70. Web site: II Governo Nitti . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124151734/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-nitti . live .
71. Web site: V Governo Giolitti . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 28 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200428090817/https://storia.camera.it/governi/v-governo-giolitti . live .
72. Web site: I Governo Bonomi . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729154300/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-bonomi/ . live .
73. Web site: I Governo Facta . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 22 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200822032735/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-facta/ . live .
74. Web site: II Governo Facta . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160634/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-facta/ . live .
75. Web site: I Governo Mussolini . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729155127/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-mussolini/ . live .
76. Web site: Composizione del Governo Badoglio I . senato.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 25 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200225203222/http://www.senato.it/leg/-03/BGT/Schede/Governi/0027_M.htm . live .
77. Web site: Governo Badoglio II . governo.it . 20 November 2015 . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 18 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200218123930/http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/ordinamento-provvisorio-25-luglio-1943-23-maggio-1948-assemblea-7 . live .
78. Web site: Governo Bonomi II . governo.it . 20 November 2015 . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 18 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200218123930/http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/ordinamento-provvisorio-25-luglio-1943-23-maggio-1948-assemblea-7 . live .
79. Web site: Governo Bonomi III . governo.it . 20 November 2015 . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 18 February 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200218123920/http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/ordinamento-provvisorio-25-luglio-1943-23-maggio-1948-assemblea-5 . live .
80. Web site: I Governo Parri . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 20 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200720073339/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-parri/ . live .
81. Web site: I Governo De Gasperi . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729024825/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-de-gasperi/ . live .
82. Web site: II Governo De Gasperi . storia.camera.it . 11 April 2020 . Italian . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729235957/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-de-gasperi/ . live .
83. Web site: III Governo De Gasperi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 30 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030105722/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-de-gasperi . live .
84. Web site: IV Governo De Gasperi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 30 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030053005/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-de-gasperi . live .
85. Web site: V Governo De Gasperi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 5 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200805144304/https://storia.camera.it/governi/v-governo-de-gasperi/ . live .
86. Web site: VI Governo De Gasperi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 14 September 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210914174649/https://storia.camera.it/governi/vi-governo-de-gasperi/ . live .
87. Web site: VII Governo De Gasperi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 28 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200728143113/https://storia.camera.it/governi/vii-governo-de-gasperi . live .
88. Web site: VIII Governo De Gasperi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 26 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200726114929/https://storia.camera.it/governi/viii-governo-de-gasperi . live .
89. Web site: Governo Pella . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 24 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200424225953/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-pella . live .
90. Web site: I Governo Fanfani . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 24 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200424225625/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-fanfani . live .
91. Web site: Governo Scelba . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160038/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-scelba . live .
92. Web site: I Governo Segni . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 13 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200413114010/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-segni . live .
93. Web site: Governo Zoli . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 24 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200424230343/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-zoli . live .
94. Web site: II Governo Fanfani . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729153101/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-fanfani/ . live .
95. Web site: II Governo Segni . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204165723/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-segni . live .
96. Web site: Governo Tambroni . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 23 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200723220949/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-tambroni/ . live .
97. Web site: III Governo Fanfani . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 21 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200621164140/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-fanfani . live .
98. Web site: IV Governo Fanfani . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 13 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200713005239/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-fanfani/ . live .
99. Web site: I Governo Leone . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204180148/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-leone . live .
100. Web site: I Governo Moro . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204174808/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-moro . live .
101. Web site: II Governo Moro . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204172418/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-moro . live .
102. Web site: III Governo Moro . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 March 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200304174424/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-moro . live .
103. Web site: II Governo Leone . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 5 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200805144455/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-leone/ . live .
104. Web site: I Governo Rumor . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204182027/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-rumor . live .
105. Web site: II Governo Rumor . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 31 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200731025632/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-rumor/ . live .
106. Web site: III Governo Rumor . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204181654/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-rumor . live .
107. Web site: Governo Colombo . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 19 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211119081749/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-colombo/ . live .
108. Web site: I Governo Andreotti . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204182258/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-andreotti . live .
109. Web site: II Governo Andreotti . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 27 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200527111024/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-andreotti . live .
110. Web site: IV Governo Rumor . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 27 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200527111330/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-rumor . live .
111. Web site: V Governo Rumor . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 27 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200527111430/https://storia.camera.it/governi/v-governo-rumor . live .
112. Web site: IV Governo Moro . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 27 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200527111325/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-moro . live .
113. Web site: V Governo Moro . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 2 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200802123906/https://storia.camera.it/governi/v-governo-moro/ . live .
114. Web site: III Governo Andreotti . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 2 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200702010016/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-andreotti . live .
115. Web site: IV Governo Andreotti . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204181859/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-andreotti . live .
116. Web site: V Governo Andreotti . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 23 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200723220904/https://storia.camera.it/governi/v-governo-andreotti/ . live .
117. Web site: I Governo Cossiga . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 27 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200727032957/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-cossiga/ . live .
118. Web site: II Governo Cossiga . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 27 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200727032856/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-cossiga/ . live .
119. Web site: Governo Forlani . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124125034/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-forlani . live .
120. Web site: I Governo Spadolini . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 5 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200805144414/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-spadolini/ . live .
121. Web site: II Governo Spadolini . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124124043/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-spadolini . live .
122. Web site: V Governo Fanfani . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124125013/https://storia.camera.it/governi/v-governo-fanfani . live .
123. Web site: I Governo Craxi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204182800/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-craxi . live .
124. Web site: II Governo Craxi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204173946/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-craxi . live .
125. Web site: Governo Goria . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 27 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200727142316/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-goria/ . live .
126. Web site: Governo De Mita . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 30 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030052916/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-de-mita . live .
127. Web site: VI Governo Andreotti . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 11 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201111172629/https://storia.camera.it/governi/vi-governo-andreotti . live .
128. Web site: VII Governo Andreotti . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 23 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200723220730/https://storia.camera.it/governi/vii-governo-andreotti/ . live .
129. Web site: I Governo Amato . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 4 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201204182729/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-amato . live .
130. Web site: Governo Ciampi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 10 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200610074131/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-ciampi . live .
131. Web site: I Governo Berlusconi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 30 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030110303/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-berlusconi . live .
132. Web site: Governo Dini . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 30 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201030110836/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-dini . live .
133. Web site: I Governo Prodi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124130308/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-prodi . live .
134. Web site: I Governo D'Alema . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 28 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200728125607/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-d-alema/ . live .
135. Web site: II Governo D'Alema . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729160452/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-d-alema . live .
136. Web site: II Governo Amato II . 11 November 2015 . 10 July 2020 . It . 27 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200727160805/http://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/xiii-legislatura-9-maggio-1996-9-marzo-2001/governo-amato-ii/340 . live .
137. Web site: II Governo Berlusconi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124124850/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-berlusconi . live .
138. Web site: III Governo Berlusconi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 5 August 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200805151904/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iii-governo-berlusconi/ . live .
139. Web site: II Governo Prodi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 23 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200723112435/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-prodi . live .
140. Web site: IV Governo Berlusconi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 29 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200729052009/https://storia.camera.it/governi/iv-governo-berlusconi/ . live .
141. Web site: Governo Monti . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124122240/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-monti . live .
142. Web site: Governo Letta . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 24 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201124113319/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-letta . live .
143. Web site: Governo Renzi . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 23 September 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200923125716/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-renzi . live .
144. Web site: Governo Gentiloni . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 19 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211119081804/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-gentiloni/ . live .
145. Web site: I Governo Conte . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 19 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211119081751/https://storia.camera.it/governi/i-governo-conte/ . live .
146. Web site: II Governo Conte . storia.camera.it . 10 July 2020 . It . 19 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211119081745/https://storia.camera.it/governi/ii-governo-conte/ . live .
147. Web site: Governo Draghi . governo.it . 13 February 2021 . 15 November 2021 . It . 13 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211113182049/https://www.governo.it/it/i-governi-dal-1943-ad-oggi/xviii-legislatura-dal-23-marzo-2018/governo-draghi/16211 . live .
148. Web site: Governo Meloni. governo.it . 22 October 2022 . 24 October 2022 . It .