This is a list of the bird species recorded in Portugal. The avifauna of mainland Portugal, the Azores, and Madeira islands included a total of 628 species as of October 2022 according to Avibase. Of them, 16 have been introduced by humans. 3 are endemic to islands, one is extinct.
This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (English and scientific names) are those of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World, 2022 edition.[1]
The following tags have been used to highlight some categories of occurrence. The notes such as "Azores only" and the notes of population status such as "endangered" are from Bird Checklists of the World.[2] [3] [4] The latter notes apply to the worldwide population, not just that in Portugal.
Order: AnseriformesFamily: Anatidae
Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dendrocygna bicolor | (A) | |||||
| Anser caerulescens | (A) Azores only | |||||
| Anser anser | ||||||
| Anser albifrons | (A) | |||||
| Anser fabalis | ||||||
| Anser serrirostris | (A) | |||||
| Anser brachyrhynchus | (A) | |||||
| Branta bernicla | (A) | |||||
| Branta leucopsis | (A) | |||||
| Branta hutchinsii | (A) | |||||
| Branta canadensis | ||||||
| Cygnus olor | (A) | |||||
| Cygnus columbianus | (A) | |||||
| Cygnus cygnus | (A) | |||||
| Alopochen aegyptiaca | (I) | |||||
| Tadorna ferruginea | (A) | |||||
| Tadorna tadorna | ||||||
| Cairina moschata | (I) Madeiras only | |||||
| Aix sponsa | (A) Azores only | |||||
| Spatula querquedula | ||||||
| Spatula discors | (A) | |||||
| Spatula clypeata | ||||||
| Mareca strepera | ||||||
| Mareca penelope | ||||||
| Mareca americana | (A) | |||||
| Anas platyrhynchos | ||||||
| Anas rubripes | (A) Azores only | |||||
| Anas acuta | ||||||
| Anas crecca | (S) | |||||
| Marmaronetta angustirostris | (A) vulnerable | |||||
| Netta rufina | - | Aythya americana | (A) | |||
| Aythya ferina | vulnerable | |||||
| Aythya collaris | (A) | |||||
| Aythya nyroca | near-threatened | |||||
| Aythya fuligula | ||||||
| Aythya marila | ||||||
| Aythya affinis | (A) | |||||
| Somateria spectabilis | (A) Azores only | |||||
| Somateria mollissima | (A) near-threatened | |||||
| Melanitta perspicillata | (A) | |||||
| Melanitta fusca | ||||||
| Melanitta deglandi | (A) | |||||
| Melanitta nigra | ||||||
| Clangula hyemalis | (A) vulnerable | |||||
| Bucephala albeola | (A) | |||||
| Bucephala clangula | (A) | |||||
| Mergellus albellus | (A) | |||||
| Lophodytes cucullatus | (A) Azores only | |||||
| Mergus merganser | ||||||
| Mergus serrator | ||||||
| Oxyura jamaicensis | (A) | |||||
| Oxyura leucocephala | (A) endangered |
Order: GalliformesFamily: Phasianidae
The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tetrao urogallus | Present in country according to source, but not listed as present in other sources.[5] | ||||
| Perdix perdix | Possibly extirpated[6] | ||||
| Phasianus colchicus | (I) | ||||
| Coturnix coturnix | |||||
| Alectoris rufa |
Order: PhoenicopteriformesFamily: Phoenicopteridae
Flamingos are gregarious wading birds, usually 3to tall, found in both the Western and eastern Hemispheres. Flamingos filter-feed on shellfish and algae. Their oddly shaped beaks are specially adapted to separate mud and silt from the food they consume and, uniquely, are used upside-down.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phoenicopterus roseus |
Order: PodicipediformesFamily: Podicipedidae
Grebes are small to medium-large freshwater diving birds. They have lobed toes and are excellent swimmers and divers. However, they have their feet placed far back on the body, making them quite ungainly on land.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tachybaptus ruficollis | (S) | ||||
| Podilymbus podiceps | (A) | ||||
| Podiceps auritus | (A) vulnerable | ||||
| Podiceps cristatus | |||||
| Podiceps nigricollis |
Order: ColumbiformesFamily: Columbidae
Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Columba livia | |||||
| Columba oenas | |||||
| Columba palumbus | |||||
| Columba trocaz | endemic to the island of Madeira | ||||
| Streptopelia turtur | vulnerable | ||||
| Streptopelia decaocto | |||||
| Zenaida aurita | (A) | ||||
| Zenaida macroura | (A) Azores only |
Order: PterocliformesFamily: Pteroclidae
Sandgrouse have small, pigeon like heads and necks, but sturdy compact bodies. They have long pointed wings and sometimes tails and a fast direct flight. Flocks fly to watering holes at dawn and dusk. Their legs are feathered down to the toes.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pterocles alchata | |||||
| Pterocles orientalis |
Order: OtidiformesFamily: Otididae
Bustards are large terrestrial birds mainly associated with dry open country and steppes in the Old World. They are omnivorous and nest on the ground. They walk steadily on strong legs and big toes, pecking for food as they go. They have long broad wings with "fingered" wingtips and striking patterns in flight. Many have interesting mating displays.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Otis tarda | vulnerable | ||||
| Tetrax tetrax | near-threatened |
Order: CuculiformesFamily: Cuculidae
The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs. The Old World cuckoos are brood parasites.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clamator glandarius | |||||
| Coccyzus americanus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Coccyzus erythropthalmus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Cuculus canorus |
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Caprimulgidae
Nightjars are medium-sized nocturnal birds that usually nest on the ground. They have long wings, short legs and very short bills. Most have small feet, of little use for walking, and long pointed wings. Their soft plumage is camouflaged to resemble bark or leaves.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chordeiles minor | (A) Azores and Madeiras only | ||||
| Caprimulgus ruficollis | |||||
| Caprimulgus europaeus |
Order: CaprimulgiformesFamily: Apodidae
Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. These birds have very short legs and never settle voluntarily on the ground, perching instead only on vertical surfaces. Many swifts have long swept-back wings which resemble a crescent or boomerang.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chaetura pelagica | (A) vulnerable | ||||
| Apus melba | |||||
| Apus apus | |||||
| Apus unicolor | Madeiras only | ||||
| Apus pallidus | |||||
| Apus affinis | (A) | ||||
| Apus caffer |
Order: GruiformesFamily: Rallidae
Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rallus aquaticus | Azores and Madeiras only | ||||
| Crex crex | (A) | ||||
| Porzana carolina | (A) | ||||
| Porzana porzana | |||||
| Gallinula angulata | (A) | ||||
| Gallinula chloropus | |||||
| Fulica atra | |||||
| Fulica cristata | (A) | ||||
| Fulica americana | (A) | ||||
| Porphyrio alleni | (A) | ||||
| Porphyrio martinica | (A) | ||||
| Porphyrio porphyrio | |||||
| Zapornia parva | (A) | ||||
| Zapornia pusilla | (A) |
Order: GruiformesFamily: Gruidae
Cranes are large, long-legged and long-necked birds. Unlike the similar-looking but unrelated herons, cranes fly with necks outstretched, not pulled back. Most have elaborate and noisy courting displays or "dances".
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anthropoides virgo | (A) | ||||
| Antigone canadensis | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Grus grus |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Burhinidae
The thick-knees are a group of largely tropical waders in the family Burhinidae. They are found worldwide within the tropical zone, with some species also breeding in temperate Europe and Australia. They are medium to large waders with strong black or yellow-black bills, large yellow eyes and cryptic plumage. Despite being classed as waders, most species have a preference for arid or semi-arid habitats.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burhinus oedicnemus |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Recurvirostridae
Recurvirostridae is a family of large wading birds, which includes the avocets and stilts. The avocets have long legs and long up-curved bills. The stilts have extremely long legs and long, thin, straight bills.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Himantopus himantopus | |||||
| Recurvirostra avosetta |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Haematopodidae
The oystercatchers are large and noisy plover-like birds, with strong bills used for smashing or prising open molluscs.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haematopus ostralegus | near-threatened | ||||
| Haematopus meadewaldoi | Madeiras only, extinct |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Charadriidae
The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide, mostly in habitats near water.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pluvialis squatarola | |||||
| Pluvialis apricaria | |||||
| Pluvialis dominica | (A) | ||||
| Pluvialis fulva | (A) Azores and Madeiras only | ||||
| Vanellus vanellus | near-threatened | ||||
| Vanellus gregarius | (A) critically endangered | ||||
| Charadrius mongolus | (A) | ||||
| Charadrius leschenaultii | (A) | ||||
| Charadrius asiaticus | |||||
| Charadrius alexandrinus | |||||
| Charadrius hiaticula | |||||
| Charadrius semipalmatus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Charadrius dubius | |||||
| Charadrius vociferus | (A) | ||||
| Charadrius morinellus | (A) |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Scolopacidae
Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Variation in length of legs and bills enables multiple species to feed in the same habitat, particularly on the coast, without direct competition for food.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bartramia longicauda | (A) | ||||
| Numenius phaeopus | |||||
| Numenius tenuirostris | (A) critically endangered | ||||
| Numenius arquata | near-threatened | ||||
| Limosa lapponica | near-threatened | ||||
| Limosa limosa | near-threatened | ||||
| Limosa haemastica | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Arenaria interpres | |||||
| Calidris canutus | near-threatened | ||||
| Calidris pugnax | |||||
| Calidris falcinellus | (A) | ||||
| Calidris acuminata | (A) | ||||
| Calidris himantopus | (A) | ||||
| Calidris ferruginea | near-threatened | ||||
| Calidris temminckii | |||||
| Calidris ruficollis | (A) | ||||
| Calidris alba | |||||
| Calidris alpina | |||||
| Calidris maritima | |||||
| Calidris bairdii | (A) | ||||
| Calidris minuta | |||||
| Calidris minutilla | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Calidris fuscicollis | (A) | ||||
| Calidris subruficollis | (A), near-threatened | ||||
| Calidris melanotos | (A) | ||||
| Calidris pusilla | (A) near-threatened | ||||
| Calidris mauri | (A) Azores and Madeiras only | ||||
| Limnodromus griseus | (A) | ||||
| Limnodromus scolopaceus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Lymnocryptes minimus | |||||
| Scolopax rusticola | |||||
| Gallinago media | (A) near-threatened | ||||
| Gallinago gallinago | |||||
| Gallinago delicata | (A) | ||||
| Xenus cinereus | (A) | ||||
| Phalaropus tricolor | (A) | ||||
| Phalaropus lobatus | |||||
| Phalaropus fulicarius | |||||
| Actitis hypoleucos | |||||
| Actitis macularius | (A) | ||||
| Tringa ochropus | |||||
| Tringa solitaria | (A) | ||||
| Tringa brevipes | (A) Azores only, near-threatened | ||||
| Tringa erythropus | |||||
| Tringa melanoleuca | (A) | ||||
| Tringa nebularia | |||||
| Tringa semipalmata | (A) | ||||
| Tringa flavipes | (A) | ||||
| Tringa stagnatilis | |||||
| Tringa glareola | |||||
| Tringa totanus |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Turnicidae
The buttonquail are small, drab, running birds which resemble the true quails. The female is the brighter of the sexes and initiates courtship. The male incubates the eggs and tends the young.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Turnix sylvaticus | (A) |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Glareolidae
Glareolidae is a family of wading birds comprising the pratincoles, which have short legs, long pointed wings and long forked tails, and the coursers, which have long legs, short wings and long, pointed bills which curve downwards.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cursorius cursor | (A) | ||||
| Glareola pratincola |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Stercorariidae
The family Stercorariidae are, in general, medium to large birds, typically with grey or brown plumage, often with white markings on the wings. They nest on the ground in temperate and arctic regions and are long-distance migrants.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stercorarius skua | |||||
| Stercorarius maccormicki | (A) | ||||
| Stercorarius pomarinus | |||||
| Stercorarius parasiticus | |||||
| Stercorarius longicaudus | (A) |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Alcidae
Auks are superficially similar to penguins due to their black-and-white colours, their upright posture and some of their habits, however they are not related to the penguins and differ in being able to fly. Auks live on the open sea, only deliberately coming ashore to nest.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alle alle | |||||
| Uria aalge | |||||
| Uria lomvia | (A) | ||||
| Alca torda | near-threatened | ||||
| Fratercula arctica | vulnerable |
Order: CharadriiformesFamily: Laridae
Laridae is a family of medium to large seabirds, the gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. They have stout, longish bills and webbed feet. Terns are a group of generally medium to large seabirds typically with grey or white plumage, often with black markings on the head. Most terns hunt fish by diving but some pick insects off the surface of fresh water. Terns are generally long-lived birds, with several species known to live in excess of 30 years.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rissa tridactyla | vulnerable | ||||
| Pagophila eburnea | (A) near-threatened | ||||
| Xema sabini | |||||
| Chroicocephalus genei | |||||
| Chroicocephalus philadelphia | |||||
| Chroicocephalus ridibundus | |||||
| Hydrocoloeus minutus | |||||
| Rhodostethia rosea | (A) | ||||
| Leucophaeus atricilla | (A) | ||||
| Leucophaeus pipixcan | (A) | ||||
| Ichthyaetus melanocephalus | |||||
| Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | |||||
| Ichthyaetus audouinii | |||||
| Larus canus | |||||
| Larus brachyrhynchus | (A) | ||||
| Larus delawarensis | |||||
| Larus argentatus | |||||
| Larus michahellis | |||||
| Larus cachinnans | |||||
| Larus glaucoides | (A) | ||||
| Larus fuscus | |||||
| Larus hyperboreus | (A) | ||||
| Larus marinus | (A) | ||||
| Larus dominicanus | (A) | ||||
| Anous stolidus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Onychoprion fuscatus | (A) | ||||
| Onychoprion anaethetus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Sternula albifrons | |||||
| Sternula antillarum | (A) | ||||
| Gelochelidon nilotica | |||||
| Hydroprogne caspia | |||||
| Chlidonias niger | |||||
| Chlidonias leucopterus | |||||
| Chlidonias hybrida | |||||
| Sterna dougallii | |||||
| Sterna hirundo | |||||
| Sterna paradisaea | |||||
| Sterna forsteri | (A) | ||||
| Thalasseus sandvicensis | |||||
| Thalasseus elegans | (A) | ||||
| Thalasseus bengalensis | (A) | ||||
| Thalasseus albididorsalis | (A) |
Order: PhaethontiformesFamily: Phaethontidae
Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their long wings have black markings, as does the head.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phaethon lepturus | (A) | ||||
| Phaeton aethereus | (A) |
Order: GaviiformesFamily: Gaviidae
Loons, known as divers in Europe, are a group of aquatic birds found in many parts of North America and northern Europe. They are the size of a large duck or small goose, which they somewhat resemble when swimming, but to which they are completely unrelated.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gavia stellata | (A) | ||||
| Gavia arctica | (A) | ||||
| Gavia immer | (A) |
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Diomedeidae
The albatrosses are among the largest flying birds, with long, narrow wings for gliding. The majority are found in the Southern Hemisphere with only vagrants occurring in the North Atlantic.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thalassarche chlororhynchos | (A) | ||||
| Thalassarche melanophris | (A) | ||||
| Diomedea exulans |
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Oceanitidae
Southern storm-petrels, are seabirds in the family Oceanitidae, part of the order Procellariiformes. These smallest of seabirds feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. Their flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oceanites oceanicus | |||||
| Pelagodroma marina | |||||
| Fregetta tropica | (A) |
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Hydrobatidae
The northern storm-petrels are relatives of the petrels and are the smallest seabirds. They feed on planktonic crustaceans and small fish picked from the surface, typically while hovering. The flight is fluttering and sometimes bat-like.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydrobates pelagicus | |||||
| Hydrobates leucorhous | vulnerable | ||||
| Hydrobates monorhis | (A) near-threatened | ||||
| Hydrobates castro | |||||
| Hydrobates monteiroi | breeding endemic in the Azores, vulnerable |
Order: ProcellariiformesFamily: Procellariidae
The procellariids are the main group of medium-sized "true petrels", characterised by united nostrils with medium septum and a long outer functional primary.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fulmarus glacialis | (A) | ||||
| Pterodroma neglecta | (A) | ||||
| Pterodroma arminjoniana | (A) Azores only, vulnerable | ||||
| Pterodroma Madeiras | Azores and Madeiras only, endangered | ||||
| Pterodroma feae | |||||
| Pterodroma cahow | (A) Azores only, endangered | ||||
| Pterodroma hasitata | (A) Azores and Madeiras only | ||||
| Bulweria bulwerii | |||||
| Calonectis diomedea | |||||
| Calonectris edwardsii | Madeiras only, near-threatened | ||||
| Ardenna carneipes | (A) | ||||
| Ardenna gravis | |||||
| Ardenna griseus | near-threatened | ||||
| Puffinus puffinus | |||||
| Puffinus yelkouan | (A) | ||||
| Puffinus mauretanicus | critically endangered | ||||
| Puffinus baroli |
Order: CiconiiformesFamily: Ciconiidae
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked, wading birds with long, stout bills. Storks are mute, but bill-clattering is an important mode of communication at the nest. Their nests can be large and may be reused for many years. Many species are migratory.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ciconia nigra | |||||
| Ciconia ciconia | |||||
| Mycteria ibis | (A) |
Order: SuliformesFamily: Fregatidae
Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black, or black-and-white, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have colored inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. Having the largest wingspan-to-body-weight ratio of any bird, they are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for more than a week.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fregata magnificens | (A) |
Order: SuliformesFamily: Sulidae
The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sula dactylatra | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Sula leucogaster | (A) | ||||
| Sula sula | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Morus bassanus | |||||
| Morus capensis | (A) Azores only, endangered |
Order: SuliformesFamily: Phalacrocoracidae
Phalacrocoracidae is a family of medium to large coastal, fish-eating seabirds that includes cormorants and shags. Plumage colouration varies, with the majority having mainly dark plumage, some species being black-and-white and a few being colourful.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phalacrocorax carbo | (S) | ||||
| Gulosus aristotelis | |||||
| Nannopterum auritum | (A) Azores only |
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Pelecanidae
Pelicans are large water birds with a distinctive pouch under their beak. As with other members of the order Pelecaniformes, they have webbed feet with four toes.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pelecanus rufescens | (A) |
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Ardeidae
The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted, unlike other long-necked birds such as storks, ibises and spoonbills.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Botaurus lentiginosus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Botaurus stellaris | |||||
| Ixobrychus minutus | |||||
| Ixobrychus exilis | (A) Azores and Madeiras only | ||||
| Ardea herodias | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Ardea cinerea | |||||
| Ardea purpurea | |||||
| Ardea alba | (A) | ||||
| Egretta garzetta | (S) | ||||
| Egretta gularis | (A) | ||||
| Egretta thula | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Egretta caerulea | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Egretta tricolor | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Bubulcus ibis | |||||
| Ardeola ralloides | |||||
| Butorides virescens | (A) | ||||
| Nycticorax nycticorax | |||||
| Nyctanassa violacea | (A) Azores and Madeiras only |
Order: PelecaniformesFamily: Threskiornithidae
Threskiornithidae is a family of large terrestrial and wading birds which includes the ibises and spoonbills. They have long, broad wings with 11 primary and about 20 secondary feathers. They are strong fliers and despite their size and weight, very capable soarers.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plegadis falcinellus | |||||
| Threskiornis aethiopicus | (I) | ||||
| Geronticus eremita | (I) Azores only, endangered | ||||
| Platalea leucorodia |
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Pandionidae
The family Pandionidae contains only one species, the osprey. The osprey is a medium-large raptor which is a specialist fish-eater with a worldwide distribution.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pandion haliaetus |
Order: AccipitriformesFamily: Accipitridae
Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks for tearing flesh from their prey, strong legs, powerful talons and keen eyesight.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elanus caeruleus | |||||
| Gypaetus barbatus | (listed as vagrant by IUCN[7]) near-threatened | ||||
| Neophron percnopterus | endangered | ||||
| Pernis apivorus | |||||
| Elanoides forficatus | (A) | ||||
| Aegypius monachus | near-threatened | ||||
| Gyps africanus | (A) critically endangered | ||||
| Gyps rueppelli | critically endangered | ||||
| Gyps fulvus | |||||
| Circaetus gallicus | |||||
| Clanga pomarina | (A) | ||||
| Clanga clanga | (A) vulnerable | ||||
| Hieraaetus pennatus | |||||
| Aquila rapax | (A) | ||||
| Aquila nipalensis | (A); endangered | ||||
| Aquila adalberti | vulnerable | ||||
| Aquila chrysaetos | |||||
| Aquila fasciata | |||||
| Circus aeruginosus | |||||
| Circus cyaneus | |||||
| Circus hudsonius | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Circus macrourus | (A) near-threatened | ||||
| Circus pygargus | |||||
| Accipiter nisus | |||||
| Accipiter gentilis | |||||
| Milvus milvus | |||||
| Milvus migrans | |||||
| Haliaeetus albicilla | (Ex) | ||||
| Buteo lagopus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Buteo buteo | |||||
| Buteo rufinus |
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Tytonidae
Barn-owls are medium to large owls with large heads and characteristic heart-shaped faces. They have long strong legs with powerful talons.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tyto alba |
Order: StrigiformesFamily: Strigidae
The typical owls are small to large solitary nocturnal birds of prey. They have large forward-facing eyes and ears, a hawk-like beak and a conspicuous circle of feathers around each eye called a facial disk.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Otus scops | |||||
| Bubo bubo | |||||
| Bubo scandiacus | (A) Azores only, vulnerable | ||||
| Athene noctua | |||||
| Strix aluco | |||||
| Asio otus | |||||
| Asio flammeus | |||||
| Asio capensis | (A) |
Order: BucerotiformesFamily: Upupidae
Hoopoes have black, white and orangey-pink colouring with a large erectile crest on their head.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upupa epops | (S) |
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Alcedinidae
Kingfishers are medium-sized birds with large heads, long, pointed bills, short legs and stubby tails.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcedo atthis | |||||
| Ceryle alcyon | (A) Azores only |
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Meropidae
The bee-eaters are a group of near passerine birds in the family Meropidae. Most species are found in Africa but others occur in southern Europe, Madagascar, Australia and New Guinea. They are characterised by richly coloured plumage, slender bodies and usually elongated central tail feathers. All are colourful and have long downturned bills and pointed wings, which give them a swallow-like appearance when seen from afar.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Merops persicus | (A) | ||||
| Merops apiaster |
Order: CoraciiformesFamily: Coraciidae
Rollers resemble crows in size and build, but are more closely related to the kingfishers and bee-eaters. They share the colourful appearance of those groups with blues and browns predominating. The two inner front toes are connected, but the outer toe is not.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coracias garrulus |
Order: PiciformesFamily: Picidae
Woodpeckers are small to medium-sized birds with chisel-like beaks, short legs, stiff tails and long tongues used for capturing insects. Some species have feet with two toes pointing forward and two backward, while several species have only three toes. Many woodpeckers have the habit of tapping noisily on tree trunks with their beaks.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jynx torquilla | |||||
| Sphyrapicus varius | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Dryobates medius | (A) | ||||
| Dendrocopos major | |||||
| Dendrocopos minor | |||||
| Picus sharpei | near-threatened | ||||
| Dryocopus martius | (A) | ||||
| Colaptes auratus | (A) Azores only |
Order: FalconiformesFamily: Falconidae
Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They differ from hawks, eagles and kites in that they kill with their beaks instead of their talons.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Falco naumanni | |||||
| Falco tinnunculus | |||||
| Falco sparverius | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Falco vespertinus | near-threatened | ||||
| Falco amurensis | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Falco eleonorae | |||||
| Falco columbarius | |||||
| Falco subbuteo | |||||
| Falco biarmicus | (A) | ||||
| Falco cherrug | (A) endangered | ||||
| Falco rusticolus | |||||
| Falco peregrinus |
Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittaculidae
Characteristic features of parrots include a strong curved bill, an upright stance, strong legs, and clawed zygodactyl feet. Many parrots are vividly coloured, and some are multi-coloured. In size they range from 81NaN1 to 11NaN1 in length. Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Psittacula krameri | (I) |
Order: PsittaciformesFamily: Psittacidae
Most of the more than 150 species in this family are found in the New World.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myiopsitta monachus | (I) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tyrannidae
Tyrant flycatchers are Passerine birds which occur throughout North and South America. They superficially resemble the Old World flycatchers, but are more robust and have stronger bills. They do not have the sophisticated vocal capabilities of the songbirds. Most, but not all, are rather plain. As the name implies, most are insectivorous.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Contopus virens | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Tyrannus verticalis | (A) Azores only |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Vireonidae
The vireos are a group of small to medium-sized passerine birds restricted to the New World and Southeast Asia.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vireo griseus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Vireo flavifrons | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Vireo philadelphicus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Vireo gilvus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Vireo olivaceus | (A) Azores only |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Oriolidae
The Old World orioles are colourful passerine birds. They are not related to the New World orioles.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oriolus oriolus |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Laniidae
Shrikes are passerine birds known for their habit of catching other birds and small animals and impaling the uneaten portions of their bodies on thorns. A shrike's beak is hooked, like that of a typical bird of prey.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lanius collurio | |||||
| Lanius phoenicuroides | (A) | ||||
| Lanius borealis | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Lanius meridionalis | vulnerable | ||||
| Lanius excubitor | (S) | ||||
| Lanius minor | (A) | ||||
| Lanius senator | near-threatened |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Corvidae
The family Corvidae includes crows, ravens, jays, choughs, magpies, treepies, nutcrackers and ground jays. Corvids are above average in size among the Passeriformes, and some of the larger species show high levels of intelligence.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Garrulus glandarius | |||||
| Cyanopica cooki | |||||
| Pica pica | |||||
| Nucifraga caryocatactes | (A) | ||||
| Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax | |||||
| Corvus monedula | |||||
| Corvus frugilegus | (A) | ||||
| Corvus corone | |||||
| Corvus cornix | (A) | ||||
| Corvus albus | (A) | ||||
| Corvus ruficollis | (A) | ||||
| Corvus corax |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Paridae
The Paridae are mainly small stocky woodland species with short stout bills. Some have crests. They are adaptable birds, with a mixed diet including seeds and insects.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Periparus ater | |||||
| Lophophanes cristatus | |||||
| Poecile palustris | (A) | ||||
| Cyanistes caeruleus | |||||
| Parus major |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Remizidae
The penduline-tits are a group of small passerine birds related to the true tits. They are insectivores.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Remiz pendulinus |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Alaudidae
Larks are small terrestrial birds with often extravagant songs and display flights. Most larks are fairly dull in appearance. Their food is insects and seeds.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eremophila alpestris | (A) | ||||
| Calandrella brachydactyla | |||||
| Melanocorypha calandra | |||||
| Chersophilus duponti | extirpated, near-threatened | ||||
| Alaudala rufescens | |||||
| Lullula arborea | |||||
| Alauda arvensis | |||||
| Galerida theklae | |||||
| Galerida cristata |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cisticolidae
The Cisticolidae are warblers found mainly in warmer southern regions of the Old World. They are generally very small birds of drab brown or grey appearance found in open country such as grassland or scrub.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cisticola juncidis |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Acrocephalidae
The members of this family are usually rather large for "warblers". Most are rather plain olivaceous brown above with much yellow to beige below. They are usually found in open woodland, reedbeds, or tall grass. The family occurs mostly in southern to western Eurasia and surroundings, but it also ranges far into the Pacific, with some species in Africa.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Iduna caligata | (A) | ||||
| Iduna pallida | |||||
| Iduna opaca | |||||
| Hippolais polyglotta | |||||
| Hippolais icterina | |||||
| Acrocephalus paludicola | (A) vulnerable | ||||
| Acrocephalus melanopogon | (A) | ||||
| Acrocephalus schoenobaenus | |||||
| Acrocephalus agricola | (A) | ||||
| Acrocephalus dumetorum | (A) | ||||
| Acrocephalus palustris | (A) | ||||
| Acrocephalus scirpaceus | |||||
| Acrocephalus arundinaceus |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Locustellidae
Locustellidae are a family of small insectivorous songbirds found mainly in Eurasia, Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab brownish or buffy all over.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Helopsaltes certhiola | (A) | ||||
| Locustella fluviatilis | Madeiras only | ||||
| Locustella luscinioides | (S) | ||||
| Locustella naevia |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Hirundinidae
The family Hirundinidae is adapted to aerial feeding. They have a slender streamlined body, long pointed wings and a short bill with a wide gape. The feet are adapted to perching rather than walking, and the front toes are partially joined at the base.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Progne subis | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Tachycineta bicolor | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Riparia paludicola | (A) | ||||
| Riparia riparia | |||||
| Ptyonoprogne rupestris | |||||
| Hirundo rustica | |||||
| Cecropis daurica | (S) | ||||
| Petrochelidon pyrrhonota | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Delichon urbicum |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Phylloscopidae
Leaf warblers are a family of small insectivorous birds found mostly in Eurasia and ranging into Wallacea and Africa. The species are of various sizes, often green-plumaged above and yellow below, or more subdued with greyish-green to greyish-brown colours.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phylloscopus sibilatrix | (A) | ||||
| Phylloscopus bonelli | |||||
| Phylloscopus inornatus | (A) | ||||
| Phylloscopus humei | (A) | ||||
| Phylloscopus proregulus | (A) | ||||
| Phylloscopus fuscatus | (A) | ||||
| Phylloscopus trochilus | |||||
| Phylloscopus collybita | |||||
| Phylloscopus ibericus | |||||
| Phylloscopus trochiloides | (A) | ||||
| Phylloscopus plumbeitarsus | (A) | ||||
| Phylloscopus borealis | (A) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Scotocercidae
The members of this family are found throughout Africa, Asia, and Polynesia. Their taxonomy is in flux, and some authorities place some genera in other families.[8]
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cettia cetti |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Aegithalidae
Long-tailed tits are a group of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They make woven bag nests in trees. Most eat a mixed diet which includes insects.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aegithalos caudatus | (S) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sylviidae
The family Sylviidae is a group of small insectivorous passerine birds. They mainly occur as breeding species, as the common name implies, in Europe, Asia and, to a lesser extent, Africa. Most are of generally undistinguished appearance, but many have distinctive songs.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sylvia atricapilla | |||||
| Sylvia borin | |||||
| Curruca nisoria | (A) | ||||
| Curruca curruca | (A) | ||||
| Curruca hortensis | |||||
| Curruca mystacea | (A) | ||||
| Curruca melanocephala | |||||
| Curruca iberiae | |||||
| Curruca cantillans | |||||
| Curruca communis | |||||
| Curruca conspicillata | |||||
| Curruca undata | near-threatened |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Regulidae
The kinglets, also called crests, are a small group of birds often included in the Old World warblers, but frequently given family status because they also resemble the titmice.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corthylio calendula | (A) | ||||
| Regulus regulus | |||||
| Regulus madeirensis | endemic to the island of Madeira | ||||
| Regulus ignicapilla |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Tichodromidae
The wallcreeper is a small bird related to the nuthatch family, which has stunning crimson, grey and black plumage.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tichodroma muraria | (A) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sittidae
Nuthatches are small woodland birds. They have the unusual ability to climb down trees head first, unlike other birds which can only go upwards. Nuthatches have big heads, short tails and powerful bills and feet.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sitta europaea |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Certhiidae
Treecreepers are small woodland birds, brown above and white below. They have thin pointed down-curved bills, which they use to extricate insects from bark. They have stiff tail feathers, like woodpeckers, which they use to support themselves on vertical trees.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Certhia brachydactyla |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Troglodytidae
The wrens are mainly small and inconspicuous except for their loud songs. These birds have short wings and thin down-turned bills. Several species often hold their tails upright. All are insectivorous.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troglodytes troglodytes |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cinclidae
Dippers are a group of perching birds whose habitat includes aquatic environments in the Americas, Europe and Asia. They are named for their bobbing or dipping movements.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cinclus cinclus |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Sturnidae
Starlings are small to medium-sized passerine birds. Their flight is strong and direct and they are very gregarious. Their preferred habitat is fairly open country. They eat insects and fruit. Plumage is typically dark with a metallic sheen.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sturnus vulgaris | |||||
| Sturnus unicolor | |||||
| Pastor roseus | (A) | ||||
| Acridotheres tristis | (I) | ||||
| Acridotheres cristatellus | (I) | ||||
| Lamprotornis chalybaeus | (A) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Mimidae
The mimids are a family of passerine birds which includes thrashers, mockingbirds, tremblers, and the New World catbirds. These birds are notable for their vocalization, especially their remarkable ability to mimic a wide variety of birds and other sounds heard outdoors. The species tend towards dull grays and browns in their appearance.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dumetella carolinensis | (A) Azores only |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Turdidae
The thrushes are a group of passerine birds that occur mainly in the Old World. They are plump, soft plumaged, small to medium-sized insectivores or sometimes omnivores, often feeding on the ground. Many have attractive songs.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Catharus fuscescens | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Catharus minimus | (A) | ||||
| Catharus ustulatus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Catharus guttatus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Hylocichla mustelina | (A) Azores and Madeiras only, near-threatened | ||||
| Turdus viscivorus | |||||
| Turdus philomelos | |||||
| Turdus iliacus | near-threatened | ||||
| Turdus merula | |||||
| Turdus migratorius | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Turdus obscurus | (A) | ||||
| Turdus pilaris | |||||
| Turdus torquatus | |||||
| Turdus atrogularis | (A) | ||||
| Turdus ruficollis | (A) Madeiras only | ||||
| Turdus eunomus | (A) | ||||
| Turdus naumanni | (A) Azores only |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Muscicapidae
Old World flycatchers are a large group of small passerine birds native to the Old World. They are mainly small arboreal insectivores. The appearance of these birds is highly varied, but they mostly have weak songs and harsh calls.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscicapa striata | |||||
| Cercotrichas galactotes | |||||
| Erithacus rubecula | |||||
| Luscinia luscinia | (A) | ||||
| Luscinia megarhynchos | |||||
| Luscinia svecica | |||||
| Tarsiger cyanurus | (A) | ||||
| Ficedula parva | (A) | ||||
| Ficedula hypoleuca | |||||
| Ficedula albicollis | (A) | ||||
| Phoenicurus moussieri | (A) | ||||
| Phoenicurus phoenicurus | |||||
| Phoenicurus ochruros | |||||
| Monticola saxatilis | |||||
| Monticola solitarius | |||||
| Saxicola rubetra | |||||
| Saxicola rubicola | |||||
| Saxicola maurus | (A) | ||||
| Oenanthe oenanthe | |||||
| Oenanthe isabellina | (A) | ||||
| Oenanthe deserti | (A) | ||||
| Oenanthe hispanica | |||||
| Oenanthe leucura | |||||
| Oenanthe leucopyga | (A) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Bombycillidae
The waxwings are a group of birds with soft silky plumage and unique red tips to some of the wing feathers. In the Bohemian and cedar waxwings, these tips look like sealing wax and give the group its name. These are arboreal birds of northern forests. They live on insects in summer and berries in winter.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bombycilla garrulus | (A) | ||||
| Bombycilla cedrorum | (A) Azores only |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Ploceidae
The weavers are small passerine birds related to the finches. They are seed-eating birds with rounded conical bills. The males of many species are brightly coloured, usually in red or yellow and black, some species show variation in colour only in the breeding season.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ploceus melanocephalus | (I) | ||||
| Euplectes afer | (I) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Estrildidae
The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short thick but pointed bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lonchura punctulata | (I) | ||||
| Lonchura atricapilla | (I) | ||||
| Estrilda astrild | (I) | ||||
| Amandava amandava | (I) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Prunellidae
The accentors are in the only bird family, Prunellidae, which is completely endemic to the Palearctic. They are small, fairly drab species superficially similar to sparrows.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prunella collaris | |||||
| Prunella modularis |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passeridae
Old World sparrows are small passerine birds. In general, sparrows tend to be small, plump, brown or grey birds with short tails and short powerful beaks. Sparrows are seed eaters, but they also consume small insects.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Passer domesticus | |||||
| Passer hispaniolensis | |||||
| Passer montanus | |||||
| Petronia petronia | |||||
| Montifringilla nivalis |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Motacillidae
Motacillidae is a family of small passerine birds with medium to long tails. They include the wagtails, longclaws and pipits. They are slender, ground feeding insectivores of open country.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motacilla cinerea | |||||
| Motacilla flava | |||||
| Motacilla tschutschensis | (A) | ||||
| Motacilla citreola | (A) | ||||
| Motacilla alba | |||||
| Anthus richardi | |||||
| Anthus godlewskii | (A) | ||||
| Anthus campestris | |||||
| Anthus berthelotii | (A) Madeiras only | ||||
| Anthus pratensis | near-threatened | ||||
| Anthus trivialis | |||||
| Anthus hodgsoni | (A) | ||||
| Anthus cervinus | (A) | ||||
| Anthus spinoletta | |||||
| Anthus petrosus | |||||
| Anthus rubescens | (A) Azores only |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Fringillidae
Finches are seed-eating passerine birds, that are small to moderately large and have a strong beak, usually conical and in some species very large. All have twelve tail feathers and nine primaries. These birds have a bouncing flight with alternating bouts of flapping and gliding on closed wings, and most sing well.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fringilla coelebs | |||||
| Fringilla montifringilla | |||||
| Coccothraustes coccothraustes | |||||
| Carpodacus erythrinus | (A) | ||||
| Pyrrhula murina | endemic to San Miguel in the Azores, vulnerable | ||||
| Pyrrhula pyrrhula | |||||
| Bucanetes githagineus | (A) | ||||
| Chloris chloris | |||||
| Linaria flavirostris | (A) | ||||
| Linaria cannabina | |||||
| Acanthis flammea | (A) | ||||
| Acanthis hornemanni | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Loxia pytyopsittacus | Madeiras only | ||||
| Loxia curvirostra | |||||
| Loxia leucoptera | (A) | ||||
| Carduelis carduelis | |||||
| Carduelis citrinella | |||||
| Serinus serinus | |||||
| Serinus canaria | Azores and Madeiras only | ||||
| Spinus spinus |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Calcariidae
The Calcariidae are a group of passerine birds which had been traditionally grouped with the New World sparrows, but differ in a number of respects and are usually found in open grassy areas.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Calcarius lapponicus | (A) | ||||
| Plectrophenax nivalis |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Emberizidae
The emberizids are a large family of passerine birds. They are seed-eating birds with distinctively shaped bills. Many emberizid species have distinctive head patterns.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Miliaria calandra | |||||
| Emberiza cia | |||||
| Emberiza cirlus | |||||
| Emberiza citrinella | |||||
| Emberiza hortulana | |||||
| Emberiza pallasi | (A) | ||||
| Emberiza schoeniclus | |||||
| Emberiza aureola | (A) critically endangered | ||||
| Emberiza pusilla | (A) | ||||
| Emberiza rustica | (A) vulnerable | ||||
| Emberiza spodocephala | (A) |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Passerellidae
The New World sparrows (or American sparrows) are a large family of seed-eating passerine birds with distinctively finch-like bills.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Junco hyemalis | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Zonotrichia leucophrys | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Zonotrichia albicollis | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Passerculus sandwichensis | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Melospiza lincolnii | (A) Azores only |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Icteridae
Icterids make up a family of small- to medium-sized, often colorful, New-World passerine birds. Most species have black as a predominant plumage color, often enlivened by yellow, orange or red. The species in the family vary widely in size, shape, behavior and coloration.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dolichonyx oryzivorus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Icterus galbula | (A) Azores only |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Parulidae
The New World warblers are a group of small often colorful passerine birds restricted to the New World. Most are arboreal, but some are more terrestrial. Most members of this family are insectivores.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seiurus aurocapilla | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Parkesia noveboracensis | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Vermivora chrysoptera | (A) Azores only, near-threatened | ||||
| Vermivora cyanoptera | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Mniotilta varia | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Protonotaria citrea | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Oreothlypis peregrina | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Oporornis agilis | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Geothlypis trichas | (A) | ||||
| Setophaga citrina | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga ruticilla | (A) Azores and Madeiras only | ||||
| Setophaga tigrina | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga americana | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga magnolia | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga castanea | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga fusca | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga petechia | (S) Azores and Madeiras only | ||||
| Setophaga pensylvanica | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga striata | (A) Azores only, near-threatened | ||||
| Setophaga caerulescens | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga coronata | (S) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga dominica | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga discolor | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Setophaga virens | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Cardellina canadensis | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Cardellina pusilla | (A) Azores only |
Order: PasseriformesFamily: Cardinalidae
The cardinals are a family of robust, seed-eating birds with strong bills. They are typically associated with open woodland. The sexes usually have distinct plumages.
| width=15% | Common name | width=15% | Binomial | width=30% | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piranga rubra | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Piranga olivacea | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Pheucticus ludovicianus | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Passerina caerulea | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Passerina cyanea | (A) Azores only | ||||
| Spiza americana | (A) Azores only |