List of Phoenician cities explained

This is a list of cities and colonies of Phoenicia in modern-day Lebanon, coastal Syria, northern Israel and Palestine, as well as cities founded or developed by the Phoenicians in the Eastern Mediterranean area, North Africa, Southern Europe, and the islands of the Mediterranean Sea.

Levant

Lebanon

• Tyre - One of the two leading-city states of Phoenicia and one of the most important ports in ancient Phoenicia, and Lebanon today.
• Sydon - One of the two leading city-states of Phoenicia
• Ampi
• Amia
• Arqa
• Baalbek
• Botrys
• Berut
• Gebal - One of the oldest sites of civilization
• Sarepta
• Tripoli, Lebanon

Syria

• Arvad
• Ugarit
• Latakia - also known by its Phoenician name, Ramitha
• Tartus
• Amrit
• Carne

Palestine

• Achziv
• Acre
• Atlit
• Belus
• Crocodeilopolis
• Dora
• Elyakhin
• Kabri
• Michal
• Haifa - Tel Shikmona
• Jaffa
• Reshef
• Stratonos pyrgos
• Tell Abu Hawam
• Tel Mevorakh

Eastern Mediterranean

Turkey

• Myriandus - in modern-day Turkey
• Sam'al - Cilicia; in modern-day Turkey. Fortress city protecting the trade route to Anatolia
• Karatepe
• Finike - historically known as Phoenicus
• Rhosos - according Malalas chronograpyh that city was founded by Cilix, son of Agenor the Phoenician King.

Cyprus

• Kition, also known as Citium (in Latin)
• Salamis
• Lapethos
• Tamassos
• Idalium

North Africa

Algeria

• Tipasa
• Russicada
• Icosium
• Hippo Regius

Libya

• Oea
• Sabratha
• Leptis Magna - major city on the Libyan coastline
• Tripoli - capital

Morocco

• Lixus
• Tangier
• Mehidya (ancient Thymaterion)
• El-Jadida (ancient Gytte)
• Oualidia (ancient Melitta)

Morocco or Mauritania

• Cerne (Unknown whether Cerne was in Morocco or Mauritania)

Tunisia

• Carthage - the most powerful of the Phoenician settlements, eventually being destroyed by the Romans
• Utica - earliest settlement in Africa
• Hippo Diarrhytus - now Bizerte, the northernmost city in Africa
• Hadrumetum
• Ruspina
• Leptis Parva
• Thapsus
• Kerkouane
• Zama Regia - the last place Hannibal fought and the place where his first and only major defeat occurred
• Vaga

Europe / Elsewhere

France

• Aleria

Italy

• Motya
• Soluntum
• Lilybaeum, also known as Marsala
• Lampas (ancient city) (Lampedusa)
• Kosyra (Pantelleria)
• Nora
• Sulcis
• Tharros
• Olbia
• Cagliari- capital of Sardinia
• Palermo- capital of Sicily

Malta

• Mdina
• Rabat
• Burmula, (Bormla/Cospicua)De Soldanis/G.F. Abela/Achille Ferris

Portugal

• Lisbon-capital city^{[1] [2] [3]}

Spain

• Cádiz also known as Gades - earliest Phoenician settlement in Spain
• Cartagena - the capital city founded by Hamilcar Barca of Carthage after conquering the Iberian tribes
• Kartuba
• Almuñécar
• Rusadir
• La Fonteta (Guardamar del Segura)
• Trayamar
• Baria-Villaricos
• Abdera
• Málaga
• Huelva
• Ibiza
• Lebrija
• San Roque
• Barcelona

Sources

• Phoenicia - From the Encyclopedia of the Orient

Notes and References

1. Book: Peter Whitfield. Cities of the World: A History in Maps. 2005. University of California Press. 978-0-520-24725-3. 99.
2. Nathan Laughlin Pilkington. An Archaeological History of Carthaginian Imperialism. Academic Commons, Columbia.edu. Columbia University. 19 August 2014. 170. 2013. 10.7916/D80G3SCF.
3. Book: David Wright. Patrick Swift. Lisbon: a portrait and a guide. 1 January 1971. Barrie and Jenkins. 978-0-214-65309-4. 150.