List of Panamanian monkey species explained

At least six monkey species are native to Panama. A seventh species, the Coiba Island howler (Alouatta coibensis) is often recognized, but some authors treat it as a subspecies of the mantled howler, (A. palliata).[1] An eighth species, the black-headed spider monkey is also often recognized, but some authorities regard it as a subspecies of Geoffroy's spider monkey.[2] All Panamanian monkey species are classified taxonomically as New World monkeys, and they belong to four families. The Coiba Island howler, mantled howler, black-headed spider monkey and Geoffroy's spider monkey all belong to the family Atelidae. The white-faced capuchins and Central American squirrel monkey belong to the family Cebidae. the family that includes the capuchin monkeys and squirrel monkeys. The Panamanian night monkey belongs to the family Aotidae, and Geoffroy's tamarin belongs to the family Callitrichidae.

The mantled howler, the Panamanian night monkey, Geoffroy's spider monkey and the Panamanian white-faced capuchin all have extensive ranges within Panama.[3] Geoffroy's tamarin also has a fairly wide range within Panama, from west of the Panama Canal to the Colombian border. The range of the black-headed spider monkey and Colombian white-faced capuchin within Panama are limited to the eastern portion of the country near the Colombian border.[3] The Central American squirrel monkey only occurs within Panama in the extreme western portion of the country, near Costa Rica. It now has a smaller range within Panama than in the past, and is no longer found in its type locality, the city of David. As its name suggests, the Coiba Island howler is restricted to Coiba Island. The Azuero howler monkey (Alouatta coibensis trabeata or Alouatta palliata trabeata), which is considered a subspecies of either the Coiba Island howler or the mantled howler, is restricted to the Azuero Peninsula.

The black-headed spider monkey is the largest Panamanian monkey with an average size of 8.89kg (19.6lb) for males and 8.8kg (19.4lb) for males. Geoffroy's spider monkey is the next largest, followed by the howler monkey species. Geoffroy's tamarin is the smallest Panamanian monkey, with an average size of about 0.5kg (01.1lb).

One Panamanian monkey, the black-headed spider monkey, is considered to be critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), and Geoffroy's spider monkey is considered to be endangered. The Central American squirrel monkey was once considered endangered, but its conservation status was upgraded to vulnerable in 2008. The Coiba Island howler is also considered to be vulnerable. Three species, the mantled howler, the white-faeced capuchin and Geoffroy's tamarin are rated as "least concern" from a conservation standpoint.

Key

Latin nameLatin binomial name, or scientific name, of the species
Common nameCommon name of the species, per Wilson, et al. Mammal Species of the World (2005)
FamilyFamily within New World monkeys to which the species belongs
Average size – maleAverage size of adult male members of the species, in kilograms and pounds
Average size – femaleAverage size of adult female members of the species, in kilograms and pounds
Conservation statusConservation status of the species, per IUCN as of 2008

Panamanian monkey species

Latin nameCommon nameFamilyAverage size – maleAverage size – femaleConservation statusReferences
Alouatta coibensisCoiba Island howlerAtelidae[4]
Alouatta palliataMantled howlerAtelidae[5] [6]
Aotus zonalisPanamanian night monkeyAotidae[7] [8]
Ateles fuscicepsBlack-headed spider monkeyAtelidae[9] [10]
Ateles geoffroyiGeoffroy's spider monkeyAtelidae[11]
Cebus capucinusColombian white-faced capuchinCebidae[12]
Cebus imitatorPanamanian white-faced capuchinCebidae[13]
Saguinus geoffroyiGeoffroy's tamarinCallitrichidae[14] [15]
Saimiri oerstediiCentral American squirrel monkeyCebidae[16] [17]

Footnotes

Notes and References

  1. Book: New Perspectives in the Study of Mesoamerican Primates. Estrada, A. . Garber, P. . Pavelka, M. . Luecke, L. Taxonomy and Distributions of Mesoamerican Primates. Rylands, A.. Groves, C.. Mittermeier, R.. Cortes-Ortiz, L.. Hines, J.. amp. 29–80. 2006. Springer. 0-387-25854-X.
  2. Book: Spider Monkeys. Campbell, C.. The taxonomic status of spider monkeys in the twenty-first century. Collins, A.. 2008. 50–67. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-86750-4.
  3. Book: Handbook of the Mammals of the World: Volume 3, Primates. 2013. 978-8496553897. Lynx. Mittermeier, Russell A. . Rylands, Anthony B. . Wilson, Don E. . Mittermeier, Russell A. & Rylands, Anthony B. . 412–413.
  4. Méndez-Carvajal, P.G. . Cuarón, A.D. . Shedden, A. . Rodriguez-Luna, E. . de Grammont, P.C. . Link, A. . 2021 . Alouatta palliata ssp. coibensis . 2021 . e.T43899A195441006 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T43899A195441006.en . 11 November 2021.
  5. Cortes-Ortíz, L. . Rosales-Meda, M. . Williams-Guillén, K. . Solano-Rojas, D. . Méndez-Carvajal, P.G. . de la Torre, S. . Moscoso, P. . Rodríguez, V. . Palacios, E. . Canales-Espinosa, D. . Link, A. . Guzman-Caro, D. . Cornejo, F.M. . 2021 . Alouatta palliata . 2021 . e.T39960A190425583 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39960A190425583.en . 11 November 2021.
  6. Book: Primates in Perspective. The Atelines. Di Fiore, A. . Campbell, C. . amp. Campbell, C. . Fuentes, A. . MacKinnon, K. . Panger, M. . Bearder, S.. 2007. 978-0-19-517133-4. The Oxford University Press. 155–177.
  7. Méndez-Carvajal, P.G. . Link, A. . 2021 . Aotus zonalis . 2021 . e.T39953A17922442 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T39953A17922442.en . 11 November 2021.
  8. Book: Primates in Perspective. Aotinae. Fernandez-Duque, E.. Campbell, C. . Fuentes, A. . MacKinnon, K. . Panger, M. . Bearder, S.. 2007. The Oxford University Press. 139–154. 978-0-19-517133-4.
  9. Moscoso, P. . Link, A. . Defler, T.R. . de la Torre, S. . Cortes-Ortíz, L. . Méndez-Carvajal, P.G. . Shanee, S. . 2021 . Ateles fusciceps . 2021 . e.T135446A191687087 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T135446A191687087.en . 11 November 2021.
  10. Book: The Pictorial Guide to the Living Mammals. Rowe, N.. 113. 1996. Pogonias Press. 0-9648825-0-7.
  11. Cortes-Ortíz, L. . Solano-Rojas, D. . Rosales-Meda, M. . Williams-Guillén, K. . Méndez-Carvajal, P.G. . Marsh, L.K. . Canales-Espinosa, D. . Mittermeier, R.A. . 2021 . Ateles geoffroyi . 2021 . e.T2279A191688782 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T2279A191688782.en . 11 November 2021.
  12. de la Torre, S. . Moscoso, P. . Méndez-Carvajal, P.G. . Rosales-Meda, M. . Palacios, E. . Link, A. . Lynch Alfaro, J.W. . Mittermeier, R.A. . 2021 . Cebus capucinus . 2021 . e.T81257277A191708164 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81257277A191708164.en . 11 November 2021.
  13. de la Torre, S. . Moscoso, P. . Méndez-Carvajal, P.G. . Rosales-Meda, M. . Palacios, E. . Link, A. . Lynch Alfaro, J.W. . Mittermeier, R.A. . 2021 . Cebus capucinus . 2021 . e.T81257277A191708164 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T81257277A191708164.en . 11 November 2021.
  14. Link, A. . Méndez-Carvajal, P.G. . Palacios, E. . Mittermeier, R.A. . 2021 . Saguinus geoffroyi . 2021 . e.T41522A192551955 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T41522A192551955.en . 11 November 2021.
  15. Book: Primates of Colombia. Defler, T.. Thomas Defler. 163–169. Conservation International. 2004. 1-881173-83-6.
  16. Solano-Rojas, D. . 2021 . Saimiri oerstedii . 2021 . e.T19836A17940807 . 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T19836A17940807.en . 11 November 2021.
  17. Book: Primates in Perspective. The Cebines. Jack, K.. Campbell, C. . Fuentes, A. . MacKinnon, K. . Panger, M. . Bearder, S.. 2007. The Oxford University Press. 107–120. 978-0-19-517133-4.