List of Pacific hurricanes explained

This is a list of notable Pacific hurricanes, subdivided by reason for notability. Notability means that it has met some criterion or achieved some statistic, or is part of a top ten for some superlative. It includes lists and rankings of Pacific hurricanes by different characteristics and impacts.

Characteristics include extremes of location, such as the northernmost or most equator-ward formation or position of a tropical cyclone. Other characteristics include its central pressure, windspeed, category on the Saffir–Simpson scale, cyclogenesis outside of a normal hurricane season's timeframe, or storms that remain unnamed despite forming after tropical cyclone naming began in 1960. Another characteristic is how long a system lasted from formation to dissipation. These include the cost of damage, the number of casualties, as well as meteorological statistics such as rainfall point maximum, wind speed, and minimum pressure.

Impact

Retired names

See main article: List of retired Pacific hurricane names. The following names have been retired in the East Pacific (in chronological order): Hazel, Adele, Fico, Knut, Iva, Fefa, Ismael, Pauline, Adolph, Israel, Kenna, Alma, Manuel, Odile, Isis, Patricia,^[1] Dora, and Otis.^[2]

In addition, the following names have been retired in the Central Pacific (in chronological order): Iwa, Iniki, Paka, and Ioke.

From the lists above, the names Hazel and Adele were retired for unclear reasons.^[3] Also, the names Adolph, Israel, and Isis were retired because of political considerations. In particular, the name Isis was pre-emptively removed in 2015 from the list of names for 2016 after being deemed inappropriate because of the eponymous militant group.^[4]

Historically significant tropical cyclones, pre 1960

Name	Year	Notes
"San Diego hurricane"	1858	Strongest tropical cyclone to affect California^[5]
Unnamed storm	1871	First and one of only three known hurricanes to make landfall on the Hawaiian Islands.
"California tropical storm"	1939	Only known modern landfall in California^[6]
"Cabo San Lucas hurricane"	1941	Deadliest hurricane to hit Cabo San Lucas in the 20th century^[7]
"Mazatlán hurricane"	1943	One of the strongest hurricanes to hit Mazatlán^[8]
"Texas hurricane"	1949	Most intense Pacific-Atlantic crossover^[9]
Hurricane Twelve	1957	Third-strongest Mexico landfall
"Mexico hurricane"	1959	Deadliest Pacific hurricane^[10]

Costliest tropical cyclones

The following tropical cyclones have caused at least $500 million in damage, according to various sources. Tropical cyclones listed here are listed with the value from the source providing the highest value. Due to source variation and inconsistency, sources may state damage totals lower than what is listed, or even lower than the $500 million threshold.

Seasonal activity and records

In the Central Pacific Hurricane Center's (CPHC) area of responsibility (AOR), the season with the most tropical cyclones is the 2015 season with 16 cyclones forming in or entering the region. A season without cyclones has happened a few times since 1966, most recently in 1979.^[11]

Highest

Year	NHC's AOR	CPHC's AOR	Total
Tropical storms	Hurricanes	Major hurricanes	Tropical storms	Hurricanes	Major hurricanes	Tropical storms	Hurricanes	Major hurricanes
1992 season	24	14	8	3	2	2	27	16	10
2015 season	18	13	10	8	3	1	26	16	11
1985 season	22	12	8	2	2	0	24	14	8
2018 season	22	12	9	1	1	1	23	13	10
1982 season	19	11	5	4	1	0	23	12	5
2014 season	20	15	7	2	1	2	22	16	9
2016 season	20	12	5	2	2	1	22	13	6
1984 season	18	12	6	3	1	1	21	13	7
1983 season	21	12	8	0	0	0	21	12	8
1990 season	20	16	6	1	0	0	21	16	6

Lowest

Before 1971 and especially 1966, data in this basin is extremely unreliable. The geostationary satellite era began in 1966,^[12] and that year is often considered the first year of reliable tropical records.^[13] Intensity estimates are most reliable starting in the 1971 season. A few years later, the Dvorak technique came into use. Those two factors make intensity estimates more reliable starting in that year.^[13] For these reasons, seasons prior to 1971 are not included.

Year	NHC's AOR	CPHC's AOR	Total
Tropical storms	Hurricanes	Major hurricanes	Tropical storms	Hurricanes	Major hurricanes	Tropical storms	Hurricanes	Major hurricanes
2010 season	7	3	2	1	0	0	8	3	2
1977 season	8	4	0	0	0	0	8	4	0
1996 season	9	5	2	0	0	0	9	5	2
1999 season	9	6	2	0	0	0	9	6	2
1995 season	10	7	3	0	0	0	10	7	3
1979 season	10	6	4	0	0	0	10	6	4

Earliest storm formation by number

Earliest and next earliest forming Pacific tropicalsubtropical storms by storm number
Storm number	Earliest		Next earliest
	Name	Date of formation	Name	Date of formation
1	Pali	January 7, 2016	Winona	January 13, 1989
2 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Bud May 22, 2012-->	Hali	March 29, 1992	Bud	May 22, 2012
3 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Connie June 8, 1974-->	Agatha	June 2, 1992	Connie	June 8, 1974
4	Four	June 12, 1956	Dolores	June 14, 1974
5 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Enrique June 25, 2021-->	Celia	June 23, 1992	Enrique	June 25, 2021
6	Fabio	July 1, 2018	Fefa	July 3, 1985
7	Genevieve	July 7, 1984	Guillermo	July 8, 1985
8 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Hilda July 19, 1985-->	Enrique	July 13, 2015	Frank	July 14, 1992
9 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Ignacio July 21 0600 UTC, 1985-->	Georgette	July 15, 1992	Ignacio	July 21, 1985
10	Jimena	July 21, 1985	Howard	July 27, 1992
11 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Kevin July 29, 1985-->	Isis	July 28, 1992	Kevin	July 29, 1985
12	Linda	July 31, 1985	Javier	August 2, 1992
13	Marty	August 7, 1985	Lowell	August 18, 2014
14 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Nora August 21, 1985-->	Lester	August 20, 1992	Nora	August 21, 1985
15	Olaf	August 24, 1985	Jimena	August 27, 2015
16 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Pauline August 31, 1985-->	Newton	August 28, 1992	Pauline	August 31, 1985
17 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Rick September 2, 1985-->	Skip	August 31, 1985	Orlene	September 3, 1992
18 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Sandra September 7, 1985-->	Rick	September 2, 1985	Iniki	September 8, 1992
19 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Terry September 16, 1985-->	Sandra	September 7, 1985	Paine	September 11, 1992
20 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Vivian September 20, 1985-->	Roslyn	September 14, 1992	Terry	September 16, 1985
21 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Winifred October 7 0600 UTC, 1992-->	Seymour	September 18, 1992	Vivian	September 20, 1985
22 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Xavier October 14, 1992-->	Tina	September 18, 1992	Waldo	October 7, 1985
23 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Yolanda October 16, 1992-->	Virgil	October 1, 1992	Olaf	October 17, 2015
24 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, the record is Zeke October 26, 1992-->	Winifred	October 7, 1992	Patricia	October 21, 2015
25 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, no season has had 25 storms-->	Xavier	October 14, 1992	Rick	November 19, 2015
26 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, no season has had 26 storms-->	Yolanda	October 16, 1992	Sandra	November 24, 2015
27 <	--Excluding Central Pacific storms, no season has had 27 storms-->	Zeke	October 26, 1992

Naming history

Naming of tropical cyclones in the eastern north Pacific began in the 1960 season. That year, four lists of names were created. The plan was to proceed in a manner similar to that of the western Pacific; that is, the name of the first storm in one season would be the next unused one from the same list, and when the bottom of one list was reached the next list was started. This scheme was abandoned in 1965 and next year, the lists started being recycled on a four-year rotation, starting with the A name each year.^[14] That same general scheme remains in use today, although the names and lists are different. On average, the eastern north Pacific sees about sixteen named storms per year.^[15]

Named storms per month

Specific seasonal data in the Eastern Pacific basin was first compiled in 1949. Therefore, seasons before 1949 are excluded from the "Most named" column.

Also, before 1971 and especially 1966, data in this basin is extremely unreliable. The geostationary satellite era began in 1966,^[12] and that year is often considered the first year of reliable tropical records.^[13] Intensity estimates are more reliable starting in the 1971 season. A few years later, the Dvorak technique came into use. Those two make intensity estimates more reliable starting in that year.^[13] For these reasons, seasons before 1971 are not included in the "Least named" column.

† Shared by more than five seasons.Source:

Month	Most named		Least named
Number	Season	Number	Season
Pre-season <	--January 1 to May 14-->	2		0	Many†
Late May <	--May 15 to May 31-->	2		0	Many†
June	5	1985 2018	0	2004 2006 2007 2016 2024
July	7		0
August	9		0	1996
September	6	Many†	1
October	5		0
November	2	Many†	0	Many†
Post-season <	--December 1 to December 31-->	1		0	Many†

Off-season storms

See main article: List of off-season Pacific hurricanes. The Pacific hurricane season runs from May 15 to November 30.^[16] Only systems that develop or enter during the off-season are included. The earliest off-season storm is Pali in 2016 whilst the latest off-season storm was Nine-C during 2015.

Name	Formation date
Unnamed	December 1832	^[17]
"Froc Cyclone"	December 23, 1902	^[18]
"Hurd Cyclone"	December 23, 1904
Unnamed	May 3, 1906
Unnamed	February 6, 1922	^[19]
Nine	December 22, 1925	^[20]
Eight	December 4, 1936	^[21]
Carmen	April 4, 1980†	^[22]
Winnie	December 4, 1983
Winona	January 9, 1989	^[23]
Alma	May 12, 1990
Ekeka	January 26, 1992
Hali	March 28, 1992
One-E	May 13, 1996
Omeka	December 20, 2010
Aletta	May 14, 2012
Nine-C	December 31, 2015	^[24]
Pali	January 7, 2016	^[25]
Adrian	May 9, 2017	^[26]
One-E	May 10, 2018	^[27]
One-E	April 25, 2020
Andres	May 9, 2021

†Entered the basin on this date

Unnamed storms

See main article: List of unnamed tropical cyclones. Tropical cyclones have received official names in the Eastern and Central Pacific beginning in 1960. Since then, 6 tropical storms or hurricanes have formed that did not receive a storm name. (Note: The "2006 Central Pacific cyclone" is excluded, as its status has never been officially determined.)

• Tropical Storm 4 (1962)
• Tropical Storm 8 (1962)
• Tropical Storm Four (1963)
• "1975 Pacific Northwest hurricane"
• Unnamed tropical storm (1996)
• Unnamed tropical storm (2020)

Strength

Category 5

See main article: List of Category 5 Pacific hurricanes. Since 1959, 20 Pacific hurricanes have attained Category 5 intensity. The only one to make landfall while at this intensity was Otis in 2023.

Category 4

See main article: List of Category 4 Pacific hurricanes. Since 1900, 141 Pacific hurricanes have attained Category 4 intensity, of which five made landfall at that strength.

Category 3

See main article: List of Category 3 Pacific hurricanes. Since 1970, 86 Pacific hurricanes have attained Category 3 intensity, of which three made landfall at that strength.

Duration records

This lists all Pacific hurricanes that existed as tropical cyclones while in the Pacific Ocean east of the dateline for more than two weeks continuously. Hurricanes John and Dora spent some time in the west Pacific before dissipating. John spent eleven days west of the dateline; if that time was included John would have existed for a total of 30 days and 18 hours, while including Dora's time in the west Pacific would mean that it existed for 18 days. One Atlantic hurricane, Hurricane Joan, crossed into this basin and was renamed Miriam, giving it a total lifespan of 22 days, but not all of that was in the Pacific. 1993's Greg formed from the remnants of Tropical Storm Bret (1993). Its time as an Atlantic system is excluded.

All of these systems except Trudy, Olaf, and Connie existed in both the east and central Pacific, and all except Olaf were hurricanes. Hurricane Trudy of 1990 is thus the longest lived eastern Pacific hurricane to stay in the eastern Pacific. Tropical Storm Olaf of 1997 is hence the longest-lived eastern Pacific tropical cyclone not to reach hurricane intensity.

No known tropical cyclone forming in the central north Pacific lasted for longer than 14 days without crossing into another basin. The tropical cyclone forming in the central Pacific that spent the most time there was Hurricane Ana (2014) at 12.75 days from formation to extratropical transition.^{[28] [29]}

Rank	Duration (days)	Name	Season
1	24.50		1992
2	20.00		1978
3	19.00		1994
4	17.50		1991
5	16.75		1990
6	16.50		1997
	16.50		1997
8	16.25		1972
	16.25		1973
	16.25		2005
11	16.00		1982
12	15.25		1974
13	14.50		2015
	14.50		2016
15	14.00		1990
	14.00		1993
	14.00		1999
	14.00		2018
	14.00		2018

Before the weather satellite era began, the lifespans of many Pacific hurricanes may be underestimated.^[13]

Crossover storms

From Atlantic to Eastern Pacific

See also: List of Atlantic–Pacific crossover hurricanes. This includes only systems which stayed a tropical cyclone during the passage or that maintained a circulation during the crossover.

Season	Storm (Atlantic)	Storm (Pacific)
1876	Four	Unnamed
1911	Four	Unnumbered tropical depression
1945	Ten	Unnumbered tropical depression	^[30]
1971	Irene	Olivia	^[31]
1974	Fifi	Orlene
1977	Anita	Eleven-E	^[32]
1978	Greta	Olivia	^[33]
1988	Debby	Seventeen-E	^[34] ^[35]
	Joan	Miriam	^[36]
1990	Diana	Unnumbered tropical depression	^[37]
1993	Gert	Fourteen-E	^[38]
1996	Cesar	Douglas	^[39]
	Dolly	Unnumbered tropical depression	^[40]
2016	Otto		^[41]
2022	Bonnie		^[42]
	Julia		^[43]

It used to be that when a Pacific named storm crossed North America and made it to the Atlantic (or vice versa), it would receive the next name on the respective basin's list. However, in 2000 this policy was changed so that a tropical cyclone will keep its name if it remains a tropical cyclone during the entire passage. Only if it dissipates and then re-forms does it get renamed.^[44]

From Eastern Pacific to Atlantic

See also: List of Atlantic–Pacific crossover hurricanes. This includes only systems which stayed a tropical cyclone during the passage or that maintained a circulation during the crossover.

Season	Storm (Pacific)	Storm (Atlantic)
1842	Unnamed	Unnamed	^[45]
1902	Unnumbered tropical depression	Four	^[46]
1923	Unnamed	Six	^[47]
1949	Unnumbered tropical depression	Eleven	^[48]
2010	Eleven-E	Hermine	^[49]

From Eastern Pacific to Western Pacific

Neither eastern Pacific tropical cyclones passing 140°W, nor central Pacific tropical cyclones crossing the dateline, are notable events. However, very few eastern Pacific proper cyclones that enter the central Pacific make it to the dateline.

Season	Name
1986	Georgette	^[50]
1991	Enrique	^[51]
1994	Li‡	^[52]
John	^[53]
1999	Dora	^[54]
2014	Genevieve	^[55]
2018	Hector	^[56]
2023	Dora	^[57]

System ceased to be a tropical cyclone and regenerated at least once during its life span.

‡ System formed in the eastern Pacific, but was not named until it crossed into the central Pacific.

In addition, Hurricane Jimena of 2003 is recognized per NHC, CPHC and JTWC as a storm that existed in all three areas of responsibility, but isn't recognized by the JMA as an official western Pacific tropical cyclone.^{[58] [59] [60]}

From Western Pacific to Central Pacific

Tropical cyclones crossing from the western Pacific to the central Pacific are fairly rare, and this has happened only ten times. Of those ten times, six of them were storms which crossed the dateline twice; from the western to the central pacific and back (or vice versa). No tropical cyclone from the western Pacific has ever traveled east of 140°W.

Season	Name
1958	June	^[61]
1959	Patsy	^[62]
1968	Virginia	^[63]
1980	Carmen	^[64]
1984	Moke
1985	Skip	^[65]
1994	John
1996	Seventeen-W	^[66]
2000	Wene	^[67]
2010	Omeka	^[68]

System crossed the dateline twice.

* Hurricane/Typhoon John formed in the eastern Pacific.

From Central Pacific to Eastern Pacific

Tropical cyclones crossing from the eastern Pacific to the central Pacific are routine; ones going the other way are not. That event has happened four times.

Season	Name
1975	Unnamed
1982	Ema
2015	Olaf	^[69]
2016	Ulika	^[70]

System crossed 140°W more than once.

In addition to these, an unofficial cyclone formed on October 30, 2006 in the central Pacific subtropics. It eventually developed an eye-like structure.^[71] Its track data indicates that it crossed from the central to the east Pacific because it formed at longitude 149°W and dissipated at 135°W.^[72] NASA, which is not a meteorological organization, called this system a subtropical cyclone, and the Naval Research Laboratory Monterey had enough interest in it to call it 91C.^[71] The system has also been called extratropical.^[73] This cyclone is unofficial because it is not included in the seasonal reports of either Regional Specialized Meteorological Center.^[74]

Intensity records

Ten most intense

Per lowest central pressure

The apparent increase in recent seasons is spurious; it is due to better estimation and measurement, not an increase in intense storms. That is, until 1988, Pacific hurricanes generally did not have their central pressures measured or estimated from satellite imagery.

Rank	Hurricane	Year	Pressure
1	Patricia		872 mbar
2	Linda		902 mbar*
3	Rick		906 mbar*
4	Kenna		913 mbar
5	Ava		915 mbar
	Ioke		915 mbar*
7	Marie		918 mbar*
			918 mbar
9	Guillermo		919 mbar*
10	Gilma		920 mbar*

* Estimated from satellite imagery

Measured and adjusted

Measured

~ Pressure while East of the International Date Line

Per highest sustained winds

Rank	Hurricane	Year	Winds
1	Patricia		215 mph; 345 km/h
2	Linda		185 mph; 295 km/h
3	Rick		180 mph; 285 km/h
4	Patsy		175 mph; 280 km/h
	John		175 mph; 280 km/h
6	Kenna		165 mph; 270 km/h
	Otis		165 mph; 270 km/h

Strongest storm in each month

Intensity is measured solely by central pressure unless the pressure is not known, in which case intensity is measured by maximum sustained winds.

Month	Name	Year	Minimum pressure	Maximum winds	Classification
		2016	977 mb (hPa)	85knots
		1992	≤ 985 mb (hPa)	100knots
		1992	1005 mb (hPa)	45knots
		1980	unknown mb (hPa)	45knots
		2014	932 mb (hPa)	135knots
		1973	915 mb (hPa)	140knots
		1994	920 mb (hPa)	140knots
		2006	915 mb (hPa)	140knots
		1997	902 mb (hPa)	160knots
		2015	872 mb (hPa)	185knots
		2015	934 mb (hPa)	130knots
		2010	997 mb (hPa)	45knots

This tropical cyclone is the strongest to form in its month by virtue of its being the only known system.

Strongest landfalling storms

Unusual landfall locations

California

See also: List of California hurricanes.

• After October or before June, 1854 – A system considered a tropical cyclone makes landfall just north of the Golden Gate.^[45]
• October 2, 1858 – A hurricane makes a direct hit on Southern California before dissipating. The hurricane may or may not have made landfall in San Diego County, due to uncertainty in the track reconstruction. San Diego experienced hurricane-force winds, with torrential rainfall recorded all across Southern California.
• After October or before June, 1859 – A system considered a tropical cyclone makes landfall between Cape Mendocino and San Francisco Bay.^[45]
• September 25, 1939 – The 1939 California tropical storm makes landfall in San Pedro, California, killing 45^[75] to 93 people.^[76]
• September 6, 1972 – Tropical Depression Hyacinth makes landfall.^[77]
• September 6, 1978 – Tropical Depression Norman makes landfall.^[78]

Hawaii

See also: List of Hawaii hurricanes.

• August 9, 1871 - Indigenous sources suggest that a Category 3 hurricane struck the Big Island and Maui.^[79]
• August 7, 1958 – A tropical storm makes landfall on the Big Island of Hawaii.^[80]
• August 7, 1959 – Hurricane Dot makes landfall on Kauai.^[81]
• October 20, 1983 – Tropical Depression Raymond makes landfall on Molokai, Oahu, and Kauai.^[82]
• August 3, 1988 – Tropical Depression Gilma makes landfall on Maui and Molokai.^[83]
• September 11, 1992 – Hurricane Iniki makes landfall on Kauai, killing six throughout the islands.
• September 14, 1992 – Tropical Depression Orlene makes landfall on the Big Island.
• July 24, 1993 – Tropical Depression Eugene makes landfall on the Big Island of Hawaii.^[84]
• August 8, 2014 – Tropical Storm Iselle makes landfall on the Big Island of Hawaii, killing one on Kauai.^[85]
• July 24, 2016 – Tropical Storm Darby makes landfall on the Big Island of Hawaii.^[86]
• September 12, 2018 – Tropical Storm Olivia makes landfall on Maui and Lanai.^[87]

Wettest tropical cyclones

See also: List of wettest tropical cyclones by country.

All of these values are point maxima.

Mexico

See also: Mexico tropical cyclone rainfall climatology.

1	1011	39.80		Cuadano/Santiago	^[88]
2	686.0	27.01		San Luis Acatlan	^[89]
3	628.1	24.73			^[90]
4	610.1	24.02		Caduano/Santiago	^[91]
5	570.0	22.44		Suchixtlahuaca	^[92]
6	566.9	22.32		Tecoman	^[93]
7	531.9	20.94		La Cruz/Elota	^[94]
8	525.3	20.68		Aquila	^[95]
9	523.0	20.59		El Varonjal/Badiraguato	^[96]
10	500.1	19.69			^[97]

Hawaii

See also: United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology.

Continental United States

See also: United States tropical cyclone rainfall climatology.

1	533.7mm			^[98]
2	430.5mm	Tico 1983		^[99]
3	374.9mm		Mount San Gorgonio, California	^[100]
4	350.5mm			^[101]
5	305.1mm
6	304.8mm		Mount Graham, Arizona	^[102]
7	302.8mm		Workman Creek, Arizona	^[103]
8	294.6mm			^[104]
9	288.3mm			^[105]
10	216.7mm			^[106]

Overall

1	1321	52.02		Mountainview, Hawaii	^[107]
2	1321	52.00		Kanalohuluhulu Ranger Station, Hawaii
3	1011	39.80		Cuadano/Santiago, Mexico
4	984.5	38.76		Kapapala Ranch, Hawaii	^[108]
5	686.0	27.01		San Luis Acatlan, Mexico
6	635.0	25.00		Hawaii	^[109]
7	628.1	24.73		Costa Azul/Acapulco, Mexico
8	610.1	24.02		Caduano/Santiago, Mexico
9	570.0	22.44		Suchixtlahuaca, Mexico
10	566.9	22.32		Tecoman, Mexico

Worldwide cyclone records set by Pacific storms

• Highest official wind speed ever recorded in a tropical cyclone: Hurricane Patricia with maximum sustained winds of 215abbr=onNaNabbr=on.^[110]
• Fastest intensification (1-minute sustained surface winds): Hurricane Patricia 55 m/s (120 mph, 105 kt, 195 km/h), from 40 m/s (85 mph, 75 kt, 140 km/h) to 95 m/s (205 mph, 180 kt, 335 km/h) in under 24 h^[111]
• Farthest-travelling tropical cyclone: Hurricane John travelled for 13,180 km.^{[112] [113]}
• Tropical cyclone at Category 4 or 5 intensity on the Saffir–Simpson scale for the longest: Hurricane Ioke was at that intensity for 198 consecutive hours.^[114]

See also

• List of Atlantic hurricane records
• Outline of tropical cyclones

Notes and References

1. Book: August 8, 2024 . Landsea, Christopher . Dorst, Neal . Free, James Lewis . Delgado, Sandy . United States Hurricane Research Division . June 20, 2014 . Subject: B3) What storm names have been retired? . Tropical Cyclone Frequently Asked Questions . http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B3.html . deviated . https://archive.today/20240524033148/https://www.webcitation.org/75DxSlowj?url=http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/B3.html . May 24, 2024.
2. News: March 20, 2024. WMO Hurricane Committee retires the names Otis and Dora from the eastern North Pacific basin name list . August 8, 2024. World Meteorological Organization.
3. Web site: WMO Technical Document . . DOC/HTML . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20050529232843/http://www.wmo.int/web/www/TCP/MEETING/RA%20IV%20HC-XXIII/OP-TCP30-2000for%20DOC6.doc . May 29, 2005 .
4. News: 'Isis' among names removed from UN list of hurricane names. https://web.archive.org/web/20150417230737/http://af.reuters.com/article/egyptNews/idAFL5N0XE32O20150417. dead. April 17, 2015. April 17, 2015. Reuters. April 17, 2015.
5. Web site: The San Diego Hurricane of 2 October 1858. Christopher Landsea & Michael Chenoweth. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. American Meteorological Society. 1689–98. November 2004. 2007-11-24.
6. Web site: Background: California's Tropical Storms. Jack Williams. USA Today. 2005-05-17. 2007-11-24.
7. Willis. Hurd. Weather on the North Pacific Ocean. Monthly Weather Review. May 17, 2013. September 1941. 69. 11. 340. 10.1175/1520-0493(1941)069<0340:WOTNPO>2.0.CO;2. 1941MWRv...69..340H . free.
8. Web site: R. G. Handlers . S. Brand . amp. June 2001. Tropical Cyclones Affecting Mazatlán. NRL Monterrey. 2009-03-24.
9. Web site: Atlantic and Pacific Records during the modern recorded era. Hurricane.com. October 2011. 2011-10-07. PDF. 2013-01-03. https://archive.today/20130103045100/http://www.hurricane.com/hurricane-records.php. dead.
10. Web site: Climatology of landfalling hurricanes and tropical storms in Mexico . E. Jáuregui . 2003 . Atmósfera . 200 . 2007-12-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071201101508/http://www.ejournal.unam.mx/atmosfera/Vol16-4/ATM16401.pdf . 2007-12-01 . dead .
11. Web site: Previous Tropical Systems in the Central Pacific. Central Pacific Hurricane Center. 2007-12-31.
12. Web site: Michelle Mainelli . Jamie Rhome . Eric Blake . Daniel Brown . amp . National Hurricane Center. 2007-08-01. Tropical Weather Summary. 2007-12-23.
13. Web site: Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary August 2000. Gary Padgett. 2007-12-23.
14. Web site: Untitled. Atlantic Tropical Weather Center. 2007-12-29.
15. Web site: Climate of 2006 East Pacific Hurricane Season. 2006-12-06. National Climatic Data Center. 2006-12-29.
16. Web site: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. FAQ. Tropical Cyclone Climatology. 2007-11-25.
17. Web site: Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Tropical Cyclones in the 1800s. 2012-06-09. United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service.
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