List of Ottoman governors of Egypt explained

The Ottoman Empire's governors of Egypt from 1517 to 1805 were at various times known by different but synonymous titles, among them beylerbey, viceroy, governor, governor-general, or, more generally, wāli. Furthermore, the Ottoman sultans very often changed positions of their governors in rapid succession, leading to complex and long lists of incumbents (this being the main reason for a political crisis in 1623, where the local Ottoman soldiers successfully sued to keep Kara Mustafa Pasha as governor after his replacement by Çeşteci Ali Pasha after only one year).

Governors ruled from the Cairo Citadel in Cairo. They ruled along with their divan (governmental council), consisting of a kadı (judge) and defterdar (treasurer). The title "beylerbey" refers to the regular governors specifically appointed to the post by the Ottoman sultan, while the title "kaymakam", when used in the context of Ottoman Egypt, refers to an acting governor who ruled over the province between the departure of the previous governor and the arrival of the next one. Although almost all governors were succeeded and preceded by a kaymakam due to the traveling distance from their old post to Egypt, only the most notable are included in this list.

Below is a list of Ottoman wālis of the Egypt Eyalet of the Ottoman Empire from 1517 (the Ottoman conquest of Egypt) to 1805 (the beginning of the Muhammad Ali dynasty; see list of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali dynasty). Governors of Egypt after 1805 are not included in this list because, although they were still nominally and officially Ottoman governors of the province, they assumed the monarchical title "Khedive" that was unrecognized by the central Ottoman government and passed the role in a hereditary fashion. Acting governors (kaymakams) are not included in the numbering.

GovernorStartEndTitleIdentity notes[1] Tenure notes
1Yunus Pasha15171517Beylerbey[2] Governorship revoked for corruption
2Hayır BeyNo picture available15171522Beylerbey[3] Died in office
3Çoban Mustafa PashaNo picture available15221523Beylerbey[4] [5] [6] Put down a small Mamluk revolt
4Hain Ahmed PashaNo picture available15231524SultanRebelled, declared himself sultan; was executed
5 (1st)No picture available15241525Beylerbey[7]
6Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha15251525Beylerbey[8] Remained for 3 months, organized the civil and military system of Ottoman Egypt
7 (2nd)No picture available15251525Beylerbey
8Hadım Süleyman Pasha (1st)15251535Beylerbey
9Divane Hüsrev PashaNo picture available15351537Beylerbey
10Hadım Süleyman Pasha (2nd)15371538Beylerbey
11Davud PashaNo picture available15381549Beylerbey[9] Long-standing feud with Rüstem Pasha; died in office
–Lala Kara Mustafa Pasha15491549Kaymakam[10] [11] Served only a few months as acting governor
12Semiz Ali PashaNo picture available15491553BeylerbeyAppointed to another position in Constantinople
13Dukakinzade Mehmed PashaNo picture available15531556Beylerbey[12] [13] Used to sing in public with a guitar; executed for violating sharia
14Iskender PashaNo picture available15561559Beylerbey[14] Had many public works built between Bab Zuweila and Bab al-Khalq[15]
15Sofu Hadım Ali PashaNo picture available15591560Beylerbey[16] Also known as Sufi Ali Pasha or Hadım Ali Pasha; died in office
16Kara Şahin Mustafa PashaNo picture available15601563Beylerbey[17] Founder of the Ridwan dynasty, former governor of Gaza
17Müezzinzade Ali Pasha15631566BeylerbeyAlso known as Sufi or Sofu Ali Pasha
18Mahmud PashaNo picture available15661567Beylerbey[18] [19] Built the Mosque of Mahmud Pasha and assassinated in office by gunfire
19Koca Sinan Pasha (1st)15671569Beylerbey
20No picture available15691571Beylerbey[20] [21] [22] Known locally as al-Faqih, "the jurist"
21Koca Sinan Pasha (2nd)15711573Beylerbey
22Hüseyin Pasha BoljanićNo picture available15731574Beylerbey[23] [24] [25] Of a mild disposition, but thieves multiplied during his short term
23Hadim Mesih PashaNo picture available15741580BeylerbeyPut to death many thieves, stunting robbery in the region for centuries
24Hadım Hasan PashaNo picture available15801583Beylerbey[26] Jailed in Constantinople
25Damat Ibrahim PashaNo picture available15831585Beylerbey
26No picture available15851587Beylerbey[27] Dismissed after being unable to collect enough taxes
27No picture available15871590Beylerbey[28] [29] [30] Died in office
28Hadım Hafız Ahmed PashaNo picture available15901594BeylerbeyAppointed governor of Bursa
29Kurd Mehmed PashaNo picture available15941596Beylerbey
30Emir Mehmed PashaNo picture available15961598Beylerbey[31] [32] [33] Known as al-Sharif and seyyid, often visited the Al-Hussein Mosque
31No picture available15981601Beylerbey[34]
32Yavuz Ali PashaNo picture available16011603Beylerbey[35] [36] [37] Appointed as Grand Vizier
33Maktul Hacı Ibrahim PashaNo picture available16041604Beylerbey[38] Murdered in a sepahi mutiny[39] [40] [41]
34Hadım Mehmed PashaNo picture available16041605Beylerbey[42] Attempted to get the mutiny under control, but failed
35No picture available16051607Beylerbey[43] [44] Previously the beylerbey of Yemen Eyalet (1580–1604)
36Öküz Mehmed Pasha16071611Beylerbey[45] [46] [47] [48] Known as "kul kıran" (slavebreaker) for putting down sipahi mutiny
37Sofu Mehmed PashaNo picture available16111615Beylerbey[49] Not to be confused with Grand Vizier Sofu Mehmed Pasha
38Nişancı Ahmed PashaNo picture available16151618BeylerbeyHead of Janissaries (1615); not the same as Grand Vizier Nişancı Ahmed Pasha
39Lefkeli Mustafa PashaNo picture available16181618Beylerbey[50] Left governance mostly in the hands of his family, corruption ensued
40Cafer PashaNo picture available16181619Beylerbey[51] Educated in various sciences and formerly governor of Yemen
41No picture available16191620BeylerbeyAlso known as Ispartalı Mustafa Pasha, dismissed for anti-merchant policies[52]
42Mere Hüseyin PashaNo picture available16201622Beylerbey[53] Dismissed after the flooding of the Nile caused a drought[54]
43No picture available16221622Beylerbey[55] [56] Dismissed after 75 days; also known as Pır or Babür; former wali of Budin
44No picture available16221623BeylerbeyDrought led to his dismissal and successor accused him of financial fraud
45Kara Mustafa Pasha (1st)No picture available16231623Beylerbey[57] Not the same as Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha
46No picture available16231623Beylerbey[58] [59] Soldiers restored Kara Mustafa Pasha
47Kara Mustafa Pasha (2nd)No picture available16241626BeylerbeySoldiers, angry at the rapid change in governors, restored him
48Bayram PashaNo picture available16261628Beylerbey[60] Invested and speculated heavily in local merchants and businesses
49Tabanıyassı Mehmed PashaNo picture available16281630Beylerbey[61] Only appeared 6 times in public, but was well-liked[62]
50Koca Musa PashaNo picture available16301631Beylerbey[63] Army forced his resignation after his brutality and murder of a local bey[64] [65]
51Halil PashaNo picture available16311633Beylerbey[66] [67] Known for his "gentle, impartial, and prosperous administration"
52Bakırcı Ahmed PashaNo picture available16331635Beylerbey[68] Dismissed and executed either for his cruelty or his monetary policy[69]
53Gazi Hüseyin PashaNo picture available16351637BeylerbeyCruel and violent, but kept the army in check[70]
54Sultanzade Mehmed PashaNo picture available16371640Beylerbey[71] Confiscated many emirs' and wealthy residents' inheritances[72]
55No picture available16401642BeylerbeyHis officials were the de jure rulers and plundered the land[73]
56No picture available16421644Beylerbey[74] Previous wali of Diyarbekir; overthrown by army[75] and executed by sultan[76]
57No picture available16441646BeylerbeyRestored order, and after term, gave up all possessions to become a dervish[77]
58No picture available16461647Beylerbey[78] All of his rule was reportedly "only a series of confusions and revolutions"
59No picture available16481648BeylerbeyNeglected affairs and was soon dismissed, but no insurrections occurred[79]
60Tarhoncu Ahmed PashaNo picture available16481651Beylerbey[80] [81] His rule was "agitated by great disturbances," but he managed to raise more funds than expected, as he was known for his economic skill
61No picture available16511652Beylerbey[82] After his dismissal, he was jailed by successor for not paying debts
62Haseki Mehmed PashaNo picture available16521656Beylerbey[83] [84] [85] [86] [87] Known locally as Abu'l-Nur, "father of light", for restoring buildings
63No picture available16561657Beylerbey[88]
64No picture available16571660BeylerbeyKnown locally as Gazi for putting down a rebellion; jailed afterwards
65No picture available16601661BeylerbeySome soldiers tried to replace him with his predecessor but failed
66No picture available16611664BeylerbeyReasserted the power of the office over the beys; aka Şeytan Ibrahim Pasha
67No picture available16641667Beylerbey[89] Also wali of Baghdad (1677–81, 1684–86), Diyarbekir (1688), and Erzurum
68No picture available16671668BeylerbeyEpithet means "fat"; also called Sofu Ibrahim Pasha; died in office Nov. 1668
69No picture available16681669Beylerbey[90] Assumed office October 1668 or April 1669
70Bayburtlu Kara Ibrahim Pasha16691673Beylerbey
71No picture available16731675Beylerbey[91]
72No picture available16751676Beylerbey[92] [93] Jailed by the army due to his violence during tax collection
73Abdi Pasha the Albanian16761680Beylerbey
74Osman Pasha the BosnianNo picture available16801683Beylerbey
75No picture available16831687Beylerbey
76Mollacık Hasan PashaNo picture available16871687Beylerbey[94] Also called by the epithet Kethüda/Ketkhoda, but mostly just Hasan Pasha
77Damat Hasan Pasha (1st)No picture available16871689Beylerbey
78No picture available16891691Beylerbey[95] Died in office on 13 March 1691
79No picture available16911695Beylerbey[96] Also known as Moralı Hazinedar Ali Pasha (epithets switched)
80Çelebi Ismail PashaNo picture available16951697Beylerbey[97] [98] [99] Deposed by the local soldiers[100]
–No picture available16971698Kaymakam[101] Acting governor, installed by soldiers; served for 5 to 8 months
81No picture available16981699Beylerbey[102] Also known by the epithets Boşnak (Bosniak), Sarı, Dizveren, and Muradi[103]
82Kara Mehmed Pasha (1st)No picture available16991704Beylerbey[104]
83No picture available17041704BeylerbeyNever took office
84Rami Mehmed PashaNo picture available17041706Beylerbey[105]
85 (1st)No picture available17061707Beylerbey[106]
86Damat Hasan Pasha (2nd)No picture available17071709Beylerbey[107]
87Moralı Ibrahim PashaNo picture available17091710Beylerbey[108] Jailed and exiled by the sultan after dismissal
88Köse Halil PashaNo picture available17101711BeylerbeyOverthrown by local beys[109]
89Veli Mehmed Pasha (1st)No picture available17111712BeylerbeyThere was an insurrection begun by a Turkish religious fanatic, but it failed[110]
90Kara Mehmed Pasha (2nd)No picture available17121712BeylerbeyHeld the office for a minuscule amount of time
91Veli Mehmed Pasha (2nd)No picture available17121714Beylerbey
92 (1st)No picture available17141716Beylerbey[111] [112] [113] [114] Ended the remains of the insurrection begun in 1711 by the religious fanatic[115]
93 (2nd)No picture available17161720BeylerbeyHis rule was calm, but the sultan ordered his execution[116]
94Recep PashaNo picture available17201721BeylerbeyDismissed after failing to assassinate ibn Iwaz on the sultan's orders[117]
95 (1st)No picture available17211725Beylerbey[118] Deposed by the forces of Çerkes Mehmed Bey after displeasing him[119]
96Moralı Ali PashaNo picture available17251726Beylerbey[120]
97 (2nd)No picture available17261727Beylerbey
98Ebubekir Pasha (1st)No picture available17271729Beylerbey[121]
99 (2nd)No picture available17291729Beylerbey
100Köprülü Abdullah PashaNo picture available17291731Beylerbey[122] [123]
101No picture available17311733Beylerbey[124]
102Muhassıl Osman PashaNo picture available17331735Beylerbey[125] There was a man claiming to be a prophet, and widespread apocalyptic fears
103Ebubekir Pasha (2nd)No picture available17351739Beylerbey[126] Deposed by local troops[127]
104Sulayman Pasha al-AzmNo picture available17391740BeylerbeyDeposed by local troops[128]
105Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (1st)17401741Beylerbey[129] His rule was peaceful and free of insurrections
106Hatibzade Yahya PashaNo picture available17411743BeylerbeyHe was the son-in-law of predecessor Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha
107No picture available17431744Beylerbey[130] [131] Troops rioted, demanding pay and rations from the granary
108Koca Mehmed Ragıp PashaNo picture available17441748Beylerbey[132] He was a "profound scholar"; forced to step down by local troops[133]
109No picture available17481748BeylerbeyNephew of Yedekçi Mehmed Pasha; never took office, only appointed for a week
110Nişancı Ahmed PashaNo picture available17481751Beylerbey[134] [135] Interested in the sciences, but found Egyptians to be largely uneducated[136]
111Seyyid Abdullah PashaNo picture available17511753Beylerbey[137] [138]
112Divitdar Mehmed Emin PashaNo picture available17531753Beylerbey[139] Died very soon after taking office
113No picture available17521756Beylerbey[140]
114Hekimoğlu Ali Pasha (2nd)17561757BeylerbeyHis second term was again largely peaceful[141]
115Sa'deddin Pasha al-AzmNo picture available17571757BeylerbeyNephew of Sulayman Pasha al-Azm
116Yirmisekizzade Mehmed Said Pasha17571758Beylerbey[142]
117Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (1st)No picture available17581761Beylerbey[143] [144]
118No picture available17611761Beylerbey[145] Deposed in August 1761 by the local emirs
119Köse Bahir Mustafa Pasha (2nd)No picture available17611762BeylerbeyReinstalled by the local emirs
120No picture available17621762BeylerbeyDied two months into term, buried in the City of the Dead necropolis in Cairo
121No picture available17621764Beylerbey[146]
122No picture available17641764Beylerbey[147] Died soon after taking office in September 1764
123Macar Hacı Hasan PashaNo picture available17641765BeylerbeyDismissed soon after taking office
124No picture available17651767Beylerbey[148] Deposed by the local emirs
125No picture available17671767Beylerbey[149]
126No picture available17671768Beylerbey[150] [151] [152] Deposed by Ali Bey Al-Kabir after making a move against him[153]
–Ali Bey Al-Kabir17681769Kaymakam[154] Became acting governor after forcing out the last governor
127No picture available17691769Beylerbey[155] Died shortly after taking office
128No picture available17691771Beylerbey[156] After him, a kaymakam (acting governor) probably ruled for a year
129No picture available17721773Beylerbey[157] Died shortly after taking office
130No picture available17731774Beylerbey[158] [159] Had little power; actual power was held by Mamluk Muhammad Bey Abu'l-Dhahab[160]
131No picture available17741775Beylerbey[161]
132Izzet Mehmed PashaNo picture available17751778Beylerbey[162] [163] Deposed by local emirs Mamluk on 15 July 1778[164]
133 (1st)No picture available17791779Beylerbey[165] [166] He was replaced by the sultan in late September 1779 with Ibrahim Pasha[167]
134Ibrahim PashaNo picture available17791779Beylerbey[168] [169] He died in office in November 1779 (one month after his arrival)
135 (2nd)No picture available17791780Beylerbey[170] Reappointed November 1779, but deposed by local Mamluk emirs in July 1780
–Ibrahim Bey (1st)17801781KaymakamThe sultan gave office back to Raif Ismail Pasha, but Ibrahim Bey didn't comply[171]
136No picture available17811782Beylerbey[172] [173] His rule was peaceful and he was well-liked by the emirs[174]
137Name unknownNo picture available17821783Beylerbey[175] [176] His identity is unknown, perhaps partially named "Sharif/Şerif Pasha"
138No picture available17831784Beylerbey[177] Deposed by the Mamluk bey Murad Bey on 30 October 1784[178]
–Murad Bey17841785KaymakamHe deposed his predecessor, but he was already the de facto ruler of Egypt
–Ibrahim Bey (2nd)17841785Kaymakam[179] The incoming governor made him acting governor on 20 February 1785
139No picture available17851786Beylerbey[180] [181] Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha expelled the Mamluk emirs (Murad and Ibrahim)[182]
–Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha17861787Admiral[183] De facto ruler when Keki Abdi Pasha refused the office until emirs were defeated
140Keki Abdi Pasha (1st)No picture available17871788BeylerbeyAppointed on 24 October 1786, but left governance to Hasan Pasha for a while
141Ismail Pasha the Tripolitanian (1st)No picture available17881789Beylerbey[184] [185] The sultan reinstated Keki Abdi Pasha upon his request on 3 January 1789[186]
142Keki Abdi Pasha (2nd)No picture available17891789BeylerbeyCezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha, Ismail Pasha's mentor, asked sultan to reinstate him
143Ismail Pasha the Tripolitanian (2nd)No picture available17891791BeylerbeyDismissed and appointed governor of Morea Eyalet[187]
144Safranbolulu Izzet Mehmet PashaNo picture available17911794Beylerbey[188] [189] [190] Murad Bey and Ibrahim Bey, previously exiled in 1786, returned to de facto power[191]
145Kayserili Hacı Salih PashaNo picture available17941796BeylerbeyMamluk emirs Murad Bey and Ibrahim Bey continued to wield de facto power
The French occupy Egypt in 1798, with Napoleon Bonaparte (1798–99), Jean Baptiste Kléber (1799–1800), and Jacques-François Menou (1800–01) holding de facto governing power.<-- Napoleon and the French were the de facto governors between 1798 and 1801 -->
146No picture available17961798Beylerbey[192] [193] French troops under Napoleon landed at Alexandria and later reached Cairo
147Abdullah Pasha al-AzmNo picture available17981799Beylerbey[194] [195] Napoleon had him confirmed governor as a sign of Ottoman consent to his rule
147Nasuh Pasha al-AzmNo picture available18001801Beylerbey[196] [197] The French left Cairo (and eventually Egypt altogether)
The French occupation ends in 1801, succumbing to a combined British and Ottoman attack.
148No picture available18011801Beylerbey[198] [199] [200] [201] Dismissed 21 September 1801, he left for his estate on 8 January 1802
149Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha (1st)18021803Beylerbey[202] [203] Arrived 22 January 1802; he was instructed to kill or imprison Mamluk emirs
–Tahir PashaNo picture available18031803Kaymakam[204] [205] Seized power; head of Albanian troops; assassinated by Janissaries in 26 days[206]
Albanian troops led by Muhammad Ali of Egypt, originally sent in 1801 by the Ottoman sultan to fight the French, grab de facto control of Egypt from the Ottomans.
150Müftizade Ahmed PashaNo picture available18031803Governor[207] [208] [209] Took power in June against the Albanians, although they had de facto control
–Ibrahim Bey (3rd; concurrently)18031804Kaymakam[210] [211] Made governor by Muhammad Ali of Egypt in June, who governed through him
151Trabluslu Ali Pasha (concurrently)18031804Beylerbey[212] Sent by the Ottomans in July to take back Egypt from the Albanians, but killed
152Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha (2nd)18041804Beylerbey[213] [214] He was a puppet governor for 2 days under Muhammad Ali of Egypt
153Hurshid Ahmed Pasha18041805Beylerbey[215] [216] Allowed by Muhammad Ali of Egypt to govern, but forced to step down in favor of him
154Muhammad Ali of Egypt1805Muhammad Ali, head of the Albanians, is officially appointed governor in 1805, beginning the Muhammad Ali dynasty;
see List of monarchs of the Muhammad Ali Dynasty for viceregal governors after 1805.

See also

References

Main sources

Notes and References

  1. This is the column for including and viewing as many independent sources on the identity and name of that particular governor, independent sources being sources that do not reference one another.
  2. Book: Yılmaz Öztuna. Büyük Osmanlı Tarihi: Osmanlı Devleti'nin siyasî, medenî, kültür, teşkilât ve san'at tarihi. 10. 1994. Ötüken Neşriyat A.S.. tr. 975-437-141-5. 412–416.
  3. Holt. P. M.. Gray. Richard. Fage. J.D.. Oliver. Roland. Egypt, the Funj and Darfur. The Cambridge History of Africa. London, New York, Melbourne. Cambridge University Press. IV. 1975. 14–57. 10.1017/CHOL9780521204132.003. 9781139054584 .
  4. Book: Türk Tarih Kurumu. Belleten. 1996. 112.
  5. Book: Evli̇ya Çelebi̇. Evliya Çelebi's Book of Travels: Evliya Çelebi in Diyarbekir. 1988. Brill Archive. 978-90-04-08165-9. 61.
  6. Book: Kaya Şahin. Empire and Power in the Reign of Süleyman: Narrating the Sixteenth-Century Ottoman World. 29 March 2013. Cambridge University Press. 978-1-107-03442-6. 53–54.
  7. Book: Gülru Neci̇poğlu. Julia Bailey. Frontiers of Islamic Art and Architecture: Essays in Celebration of Oleg Grabar's Eightieth Birthday; the Aga Khan Program for Islamic Architecture Thirtieth Anniversary Special Volume. 2008. BRILL. 978-90-04-17327-9. 98.
  8. Book: Raymond, André. Translated by Willard Wood. Cairo: City of History. Harvard. 2001. American University in Cairo Press. Cairo, Egypt; New York, New York. 978-977-424-660-9. 191.
  9. Book: Giancarlo Casale. The Ottoman Age of Exploration. 26 January 2010. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-979879-7. 87, 102.
  10. Book: Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen Gibb. Johannes Hendrik Kramers. Bernard Lewis. Charles Pellat. Joseph Schacht. The Encyclopaedia of Islam. 1992. Brill. 721.
  11. Book: Giancarlo Casale. The Ottoman Age of Exploration. 26 January 2010. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-979879-7. 102.
  12. Book: Michael Winter. Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798. 14 January 2004. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-203-16923-0. 35.
  13. Book: Michael Winter. Society And Religion in Early Ottoman Egypt: Studies in the Writing of 'Abd Al-Wahhab Al-Sha'Rani. 1 March 2006. Transaction Publishers. 978-1-4128-3458-2. 42–53.
  14. de Groot. Alexander H.. Winkelhane. Gerd. Schwarz. Klaus. Der osmanische Statthalter Iskender Pascha (gest. 1571) und seine Stiftungen in Agypten und am Bosporus. Die Welt des Islams. 29. 1/4. 1989. 215. 0043-2539. 10.2307/1571021. 1571021 .
  15. Book: Raymond, André. Translated by Willard Wood. Cairo: City of History. Harvard. 2001. American University in Cairo Press. Cairo, Egypt; New York, New York. 978-977-424-660-9. 235.
  16. Book: Giancarlo Casale. The Ottoman Age of Exploration. 26 January 2010. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-979879-7. 110.
  17. Book: Islamic Studies. 2002. Islamic Research Institute. 328.
  18. Book: Die Welt des Islams. 1979. Brill. 130, 131, 144.
  19. Book: Jane Hathaway. A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen. 2003. SUNY Press. 978-0-7914-8610-8. 219.
  20. Book: Yılmaz Öztuna. Başlangıcından zamanımıza kadar büyük Türkiye tarihi: Türkiye'nin siyasî, medenî, kültür, teşkilât ve san'at tarihi. 1979. Ötüken Yayınevi. 51.
  21. Book: Türklük araştırmaları dergisi. 2008. Fakülte. 282.
  22. Book: Reşid İskenderoğlu. Beğlerbeği Gazi İskender Paşa, 1492-1571. 1989. R. İskenderoğlu. 41, 56.
  23. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 18.
  24. Book: Philip Sidney. The Correspondence of Sir Philip Sidney. 2012. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-955822-3. 359.
  25. Book: Muhedin Fijuljanin. Sandžački Bošnjaci: monografija. 2010. Centar za Bošnjačke Studije. 978-86-85599-14-9.
  26. Uzunçarsılı, İsmail Hakkı, (1954) Osmanlı Tarihi III. Cilt, 2. Kısım, XVİ. Yüzyıl Ortalarından XVII. Yüzyıl Sonuna kadar, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu (Altıncı Baskı 2011) p. 357–358
  27. Book: Doris Behrens-Abouseif. Egypt's Adjustment to Ottoman Rule: Institutions, Waqf and Architecture in Cairo, 16th and 17th Centuries. 1994. Brill Academic Pub. 978-90-04-09927-2.
  28. Book: Michael Winter. Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798. 14 January 2004. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-203-16923-0. 34, 45, 96, 208.
  29. Book: Emine Fetvaci. Picturing History at the Ottoman Court. 25 January 2013. Indiana University Press. 978-0-253-00678-3. 52.
  30. Sicill-i Osmani and Öztuna both say simply "Üveys Pasha," but the subject of that article by that name died much earlier than this. Only named Kara because that's what the only existing Wikipedia article on him (on the German Wikipedia) is named.
  31. Book: Michael Winter. Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798. 14 January 2004. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-203-16923-0. 34.
  32. Book: İsmail Hakkı Uzunçarşılı. Osmanli devletinin saray teşkilâti. 1945. Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. 390.
  33. Holt. P. M.. The beylicate in Ottoman Egypt during the seventeenth century. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 24. 2. 2009. 227–229. 0041-977X. 10.1017/S0041977X00091424. 161154415 .
  34. Book: Muhammed es-Seyyid Mahmud. 16. asırda Mısır Eyâleti. 1990. Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi. 978-975-400-030-6. 99, 125, 151.
  35. Uzunçarsılı, İsmail Hakkı, (1954) Osmanlı Tarihi III. Cilt, 2. Kısım, XVİ. Yüzyıl Ortalarından XVII. Yüzyıl Sonuna kadar, Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu (Altıncı Baskı 2011) say.360
  36. Book: Nelly Hanna. Making Big Money in 1600: The Life and Times of Isma'il Abu Taqiyya, Egyptian Merchant. 1998. Syracuse University Press. 978-0-8156-2763-0. 101.
  37. He was succeeded by Maktul Hacı Ibrahim Pasha; a kaymakam (acting governor) ruled between his departure from governorship in December 1603 and the arrival of Ibrahim Pasha in early 1604.
  38. Book: Michael Winter. Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798. 14 January 2004. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-203-16923-0. 35, 45, 96.
  39. Book: Michael Winter. Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798. 14 January 2004. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-203-16923-0. 45, 96.
  40. Book: M. W. Daly. Carl F. Petry. The Cambridge History of Egypt. 10 December 1998. Cambridge University Press. 2. 978-0-521-47211-1. 40.
  41. Book: Michael A. Cook. Asad Ahmed. Behnam Sadeghi. Michael Bonner. The Islamic Scholarly Tradition: Studies in History, Law, and Thought in Honor of Professor Michael Allan Cook. 21 March 2011. BRILL. 978-90-04-19435-9. 154.
  42. Öztuna refers to this governor as "Gürci Mehmed Pasha," which is technically correct because he was indeed of Georgian origins, but Gürcü Mehmed Pasha is referred to distinctly from this person and was about 30 years younger than this Hadım Mehmed Pasha.
  43. Book: Mehmet Süreyya Bey. Ali Aktan. Tezkire-i meşâhir-i Osmaniyye. 1996. Sebil Yayınevi. 122. 9789757480945 .
  44. Book: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm ansiklopedisi. 2004. Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı, İslâm Ansiklopedisi Genel Müdürlüğü. 978-975-389-415-9. 564.
  45. Book: M. W. Daly. Carl F. Petry. The Cambridge History of Egypt. 10 December 1998. Cambridge University Press. 2. 978-0-521-47211-1. 18.
  46. Book: Jane Hathaway. Karl K. Barbir. The Arab lands under Ottoman rule, 1516–1800. 2008. Pearson Longman. 978-0-582-41899-8. 63, 255.
  47. Book: A. Zuhuri Danışman. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu tarihi. 1965. Z. Danışman Yayınevi. 243.
  48. Book: Michael Winter. Egyptian Society Under Ottoman Rule, 1517–1798. 14 January 2004. Taylor & Francis. 978-0-203-16923-0. 47.
  49. According to Sicill-i Osmani, he was from Razgrad. After his governorship, he later became the governor of Rumelia (1617), Sivas (1617–19), and Budin (1624–26). He died in 1626.
  50. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 41.
  51. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 42.
  52. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 43.
  53. Uzunçarsılı, İsmail Hakkı, (1954) Osmanlı Tarihi III. Cilt, 2. Kısım, XVİ. Yüzyıl Ortalarından XVII. Yüzyıl Sonuna kadar), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu (Altıncı Baskı 2011) p. 380
  54. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 44.
  55. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 45.
  56. Book: Erhan Afyoncu. Ahmet Önal. Uğur Demir. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'nda askeri isyanlar ve darbeler. 2010. Yeditepe Yayınevi. 978-605-4052-20-2. 81.
  57. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 46.
  58. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 48.
  59. Book: مركز الأبحاث للتاريخ والفنون والثقافة الإسلامية بإستنبول. مجلس الأعلى للثقافة (مصر). Proceedings of the International Conference on Egypt during the Ottoman Era, 26-30 November 2007, Cairo. 2010. Research Centre for Islamic History, Art, and Culture. 978-92-9063-198-9. 22.
  60. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 66.
  61. Murphey, Rhoads (1998) Ottoman Warfare, 1500-1700 UCL Press, London page 228, note 69,, citing von Zambaur, Eduard Karl Max (1927) Manuel de généalogie et de chronologie pour l'histoire de l'Islam Lafaire, Hanover,, page 252
  62. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 69–70.
  63. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 70.
  64. Egypt/3 History . 09 . Griffith . Francis Llewellyn . and several more . 80 - 130; see page 103 . Early relations with Turkey....In his reign (1463) there began the struggle between the Egyptian and the Ottoman sultanates which finally led to the incorporation of Egypt in the Ottoman empire..
  65. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 74.
  66. d'Avennes, Prisse (1983) Arab art as seen through the monuments of Cairo from the 7th century to the 18th (translated from French by J.I. Erythrospis) Le Sycomore, Paris, page 61,
  67. Öztuna's Büyük Osmanlı Tarihi claims that this was Damat Halil Pasha, but it is incorrect; their lifetimes don't match up, and it was known that this was a distinct person.
  68. Book: The Numismatic Circular. 86. 1978. 239. Son . Spink .
  69. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 83.
  70. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 84.
  71. Holt. P. M.. The Exalted Lineage of Ridwān Bey: Some Observations on a Seventeenth-Century Mamluk Genealogy. Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies. 22. 2. 2009. 221–235. 0041-977X. 10.1017/S0041977X00068671. 162576644 .
  72. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 88.
  73. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 91.
  74. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 94–102.
  75. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 101–102.
  76. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 102.
  77. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 103.
  78. He was the brother-in-law of Melek Ahmed Pasha. He can also be named Haydar Agazade Ahmed Pasha.
  79. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 108–109.
  80. Uzunçarsılı, İsmail Hakkı, (1954) Osmanlı Tarihi III. Cilt, 2. Kısım, XVI. Yüzyıl Ortalarından XVII. Yüzyıl Sonuna kadar), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu (Altıncı Baskı 2011) say.404
  81. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 109.
  82. Book: Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France. 2. 1789. R. Faulder. 111.
  83. Book: ثريا، محمد. Ali Aktan. Sicill-i Osmanî, yahud, Tezkire-i meşâhir-i Osmâniyye. 1998. Sebil Yayınevi. 354.
  84. Book: ʻĪsā-zāde. târı̂hi: metin ve tahlı̂l. 1996. İstanbul Fetih Cemiyeti. 43, 68. 9789757618218 .
  85. Book: Server Rifat İskit. Resemli-haritalı mufassal Osmanlı tarihi. 1960. İskit Yayını. 2041, 2066, 2070.
  86. Book: Mustafa Naima. Naîmâ târihi. 1969. Z. Danışman Yayınevi. 2356.
  87. Book: Mehmet Süreyya Bey. Sicill-i Osmanî. 6. 1996. Kültür Bakanlığı ile Türkiye Ekonomik ve Toplumsal Tarih Vakfı'nın ortak yayınıdır. 978-975-333-044-2. 1687.
  88. He was previously Kapudan Pasha (1656) and Defterdar (1656), according to Sicill-i Osmani.
  89. Book: Türk dünyası araştırmaları. 2005. Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları Vakfı. 196.
  90. He was the previous governor of Silistra Eyalet and Rumelia Eyalet, and he died in January 1670, according to Sicill-i Osmani.
  91. He was also governor of Bosnia Eyalet (1671–72), Budin Eyalet (1672–?), and Van Eyalet (1680–?), according to Sicill-i Osmani
  92. "Ahmed Paşa (Cebeci) Kimdir, Kısaca Hayatı, Eserleri, Hakkında Bilgi." Filozof.net. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 Oct. 2013. .
  93. His name is also given as Defterdar Ahmed Pasha because of his long-term previous role as Defterdar (finance minister) of the Ottoman Empire from 1662 to 1675.
  94. Also referred to as Kethüda Hasan Pasha or Ketkhoda Hasan Pasha (not the same as the 18th-century Kethüda Hasan Pasha) because of his being made a Kethüda early in his career, but he is mostly just referred to as Hasan Pasha. The exact month and day start of his term are disputed, according to Holt.
  95. He previously served as Kapudan Pasha (1684–1685) and the Ottoman governor (wali) of Özü Eyalet (1674, 1677), Karaman Eyalet (i.e. Konya; 1674–1677), Anatolia Eyalet (1677), Eğri Eyalet (1677, again in 1677), Aleppo Eyalet (1685–1686), and Baghdad Eyalet (1687–1688), according to Sicill-i Osmani.
  96. Also known as Moralı Hazinedar Ali Pasha (epithets switched)
  97. Behrens-Abouseif, Doris. Egypt's Adjustment to Ottoman Rule: Institutions, Waqf and Architecture in Cairo, 16th and 17th Centuries (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994), 65–6
  98. Book: Ahmad D. Damurdashi. ʻAbd al-Wahhāb Bakr Muḥammad. Al-Damurdashi's Chronicle of Egypt, 1688-1755: Al-Durra Al-muṣāna Fī Akhbār Al-Kināna. 1991. BRILL. 978-90-04-09408-6. 57.
  99. He used to be a Janissary, eventually becoming the agha (head) of the Janissaries. He also served as the Ottoman governor (wali) of Rumelia Eyalet (1685–?), Sidon Eyalet (?–1689/90), Karaman Eyalet (1689/90–1691/92), Anatolia Eyalet (1691/92), Damascus Eyalet (1692/93–1693/94), Crete Eyalet (1693/94–1695), Baghdad Eyalet (1697–1699), and Van Eyalet (1699–1701). He died in November or December 1702.
  100. Book: Ahmad D. Damurdashi. ʻAbd al-Wahhāb Bakr Muḥammad. Al-Damurdashi's Chronicle of Egypt, 1688-1755: Al-Durra Al-muṣāna Fī Akhbār Al-Kināna. 1991. BRILL. 978-90-04-09408-6. 74.
  101. Al-Damurdashi claims his name is Mustafa Bey Kizlar in his Chronicles, but Holt warns repeatedly to avoid taking Damurdashi's data too literally, as much of it is for literary effect, while Mehmet Süreyya Bey claims someone named Kesici Hasan Pasha was the governor during this period in Sicill-i Osmani. Holt declares a 5 month vacation of the office, which indicates the rule of a kaymakam (acting governor). Öztuna is silent, attaching the end of the term of Ismail Pasha straight to the beginning of Hüseyin Pasha's.
  102. May be found at the following article names: Dizveren Sarı Hüseyin Pasha, Sarı Dizveren Hüseyin Pasha, Bosniak Sarı Hüseyin Pasha, Boşnak Sarı Hüseyin Pasha, Bosniak Firari Sarı Hüseyin Pasha, Boşnak Firari Sarı Hüseyin Pasha, Muradi Husayn Pasha, Muradi Hüseyin Pasha, or similar.
  103. Book: Ahmad D. Damurdashi. ʻAbd al-Wahhāb Bakr Muḥammad. Al-Damurdashi's Chronicle of Egypt, 1688-1755: Al-Durra Al-muṣāna Fī Akhbār Al-Kināna. 1991. BRILL. 978-90-04-09408-6. 79.
  104. Book: Ahmad D. Damurdashi. ʻAbd al-Wahhāb Bakr Muḥammad. Al-Damurdashi's Chronicle of Egypt, 1688-1755: Al-Durra Al-muṣāna Fī Akhbār Al-Kināna. 1991. BRILL. 978-90-04-09408-6. 104.
  105. Book: Raymond, André. Translated by Willard Wood. Cairo: City of History. Harvard. 2001. American University in Cairo Press. Cairo, Egypt; New York, New York. 978-977-424-660-9. 192.
  106. Damurdashi gives his name as Izmirli Ali Pasha in his Chronicles, but Holt warns that Damurdashi's accounts are largely fictional and warns to treat its data "with caution," while Mehmet Süreyya Bey gives his name as Dellak Ali Pasha (as does Öztuna). These two names seem to be distinct people, as the list of Bulgarian rulers gives their governorships of Bulgaria as distinct terms (albeit being immediately after one another), so it could go either way. However, Mehmet Süreyya Bey's encyclopedia of Ottoman statesmen says that a man named Hüseyin Pasha (who was a kethüda) was the governor of Egypt during this exact time, while his list says Dellak Ali Pasha was, BUT that he was followed the same year by someone named Kethüda Hasan Ağa. Von Hammer indicates only "Ali."

    He was succeeded by a kaymakam (acting governor) known as either Kethüda Hüseyin Pasha or Kethüda Hasan Agha.

  107. Book: Ahmad D. Damurdashi. ʻAbd al-Wahhāb Bakr Muḥammad. Al-Damurdashi's Chronicle of Egypt, 1688-1755: Al-Durra Al-muṣāna Fī Akhbār Al-Kināna. 1991. BRILL. 978-90-04-09408-6. 135.
  108. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 62.
  109. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 77.
  110. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 79.
  111. Book: M. W. Daly. Carl F. Petry. The Cambridge History of Egypt. 10 December 1998. Cambridge University Press. 2. 978-0-521-47211-1. 154.
  112. Book: Jane Hathaway. A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen. 2003. SUNY Press. 978-0-7914-8610-8. 135.
  113. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 86.
  114. Sicilli says "Abdi Pasha" (but does not include him in the definitions, just the order of walis), Öztuna says "Arnavudlu Abdi Pasha", everywhere else (including Damurdashi and al-Jabarti) says "Abidin Pasha" (pronounced "Abidi Pasha")
  115. Book: Hans Ferdinand Helmolt. The World's History: Western Asia. Africa. 1903. W. Heinemann. 712.
  116. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 90.
  117. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 91.
  118. He previously served as the Grand Vizier from 1717 to 1718.
  119. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 93–94.
  120. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 99–101.
  121. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 241.
  122. Book: Istituto italiano di numismatica. Annali Istituto italiano di numismatica. 1981. 124.
  123. Although Öztuna says that he served again in 1733–34, and he got this from the Sicill-i Osmani order of Egypt valis, they are both wrong. Both al-Jabarti and the encyclopedia of Sicill-i Osmani only show Abdullah Pasha being governor of Egypt only once; besides, he was in Persia during this time, according to Sicill-i Osmani.
  124. He previously served as Grand Vizier for a short time in 1731.
  125. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 238–241.
  126. Al-Jabarti holds that he was succeeded by someone named Mustafa Pasha, who held the office until 1739, but no other evidence can be found of him.
  127. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 246.
  128. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 247.
  129. He served as Grand Vizier before (1732–35) and after (1742–43 and 1755) his term as governor.
  130. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 248.
  131. Al-Jabarti reports that he served until 1745 or 1746, not 1744.
  132. He later served as Grand Vizier from 1757 to 1763.
  133. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 250–251.
  134. Book: Crecelius, Daniel. Eighteenth Century Egypt: The Arabic Manuscript Sources. 1990. Regina Books. Claremont, California. 978-0-941690-42-3.
  135. He previously served as Grand Vizier from 1740 to 1742. Also referred to as Şehla Ahmed Pasha.
  136. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 305.
  137. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 307.
  138. He previously served as Grand Vizier from 1747 to 1750.
  139. He previously served as Grand Vizier from 1750 to 1752.
  140. He also served as the Ottoman governor of Morea Eyalet (1746–47), Sanjak of Eğriboz (1747–48), Aidin Eyalet (1748), Sanjak of Candia (Heraklion, 1748–50, again in 1751 and 1752), Crete Eyalet (1750–51), and Sidon Eyalet (1756–57), according to Sicill-i Osmani. He died in 1762 in Didymoteicho. Öztuna refers to him as Baltacı Mustafa Pasha.
  141. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 308.
  142. He served as Grand Vizier (1755–56) before his term as governor.
  143. Danişmend, İsmail Hâmi, (1961) Osmanlı Devlet Erkânı, İstanbul:Türkiye Yayınevi.
  144. He served as Grand Vizier before (1752–55, 1756) and after (1763–65) his terms as governor.
  145. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 416.
  146. According to Sicill-i Osmani, he previously served as Kapudan Pasha from 1761 to 1762. He also served as the Ottoman governor of Vidin Eyalet (1759–61), Karaman Eyalet (1764–66), and Kars Eyalet (1766–67). He died in April 1767 after being hit by a rock thrown by angry citizens in Kars Eyalet while he was serving as governor there.
  147. He previously served as Defterdar (finance minister) of the Ottoman Empire from 1755 to 1756, from 1757 to 1758, and from 1760 to 1762. He then served as the Ottoman governor of Morea Eyalet (1762–63) and Sanjak of Eğriboz (1763–64). All according to Sicill-i Osmani.
  148. He later served as Grand Vizier in 1768.
  149. Al-Jabarti makes no mention of him and is vague.
  150. Book: History today. 1959. History Today. 54.
  151. Book: The Numismatic Circular. 1975. 199.
  152. Book: Daniel Crecelius. The Roots of Modern Egypt: A Study of the Regimes of 'Ali Bey Al-Kabir and Muhammad Bey Abu Al-Dhahab, 1760-1775. 1981. Bibliotheca Islamica. 978-0-88297-029-5. 58.
  153. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 513.
  154. Uzunçarşılı claims that he held power until 1773 (Kara Halil Pasha), but Sicill-i Osmani disagrees, naming 3 interceding governors. Even Al-Jabarti declares that Ali Bey gave up power in 1769 when a new governor from Istanbul was assigned (although he doesn't name him). Uzunçarşılı probably read Al-Jabarti's chronicle, but missed the part about the new pasha coming in 1769, since after that, Al-Jabarti does not name any other pasha by name or sequence until 1773 with Kara Halil Pasha.
  155. Öztuna has Divitdar Mehmed Emin Pasha following him for a second term, but since he died soon after taking office the first time in 1753, this is impossible.
  156. According to Sicill-i Osmani, he was of Georgian origins, beginning as a slave. After serving as governor of Egypt, he became the governor of Sivas Eyalet (1771), Sanjak of Tirhala (1771), Morea Eyalet (1771–72), Sanjak of Eğriboz (1772). He had a large role in keeping the Russian siege out of Varna in 1773. He died in 1774.
  157. According to Sicill-i Osmani, he was originally a local bey in Egypt before going to Mecca for a short while and then becoming governor.
  158. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 631.
  159. According to Sicill-i Osmani, he was from the city of Çorlu, and was thus sometimes known as Çorlulu Kara Halil Pasha or Çorlulu Halil Pasha. He was also the governor of Belgrade (1768–?) and Jeddah (1774–75). He died in 1775.
  160. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 1. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 644.
  161. According to Sicill-i Osmani, he was from the town of Arapgir. He died in September 1775. Al-Jabarti claims that the governor during this time was "Mustafa Pasha al-Nablusi", and holds that an Ibrahim Pasha was briefly governor in 1779 before dying, which raises the possibility that Sicill-i is mistaken and that this Hacı Ibrahim Pasha died in November 1779, not September 1775, and was the governor then. However, Sicill-i Osmani makes no mention of him being governor of Jeddah in the past, which al-Jabarti claims he was right before becoming the governor of Egypt.
  162. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 1.
  163. He served as Grand Vizier before (1774) and after (1781–82) his term as governor. Sicill-i Osman refers to him in the index governors listing as Şehrî İzzet Paşa (but not the main encyclopedia) because of his previous position as şehremini ("caretaker of the city"). An acting governor served after his removal from office in July 1778 until the arrival of Raif Ismail Pasha in January 1779, according to al-Jabarti.
  164. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 36.
  165. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 80–81.
  166. He served as Reisülküttap from 1774 to 1776, and became the governor of Crete from 1781 to 1782. He was executed in 1785. He may also be referred to as Ismail Raif Pasha. Although Öztuna makes no mention of him, he is included in Al-Jabarti, who mentions his previous role as Reisülküttap and gives a thorough description of his personality and physical appearance, and he is included as a governor of Egypt in Sicill-i Osmani during this time. According to al-Jabarti, he took office on 23 January 1779, by arriving in Cairo.
  167. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 81.
  168. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 81–82.
  169. Öztuna and Sicill-i Osmani make no mention of him, but al-Jabarti, whose history for this period is first hand and likely more accurate than Sicill-i (and Öztuna, who almost exclusively uses Sicill-i as his only source and is quite vague on this period), holds that he was the former governor of Jeddah Eyalet. According to al-Jabarti, in September 1779, the sultan ordered that he trade positions with Raif Ismail Pasha, with Ibrahim Pasha becoming governor of Egypt and Raif Ismail Pasha becoming governor of Jeddah in his stead. He was probably distinct from Hacı Ibrahim Pasha (died 1775), as he died in November 1779 and held office later.
  170. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 93.
  171. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 95.
  172. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 97.
  173. He later served as Grand Vizier from 1792 to 1794. Öztuna says he served from 1779, but Sicill-i Osmani says he served from 1780. Al-Jabarti describes him as a "distinguished-looking man with gray hair." He arrived in Egypt in February 1781, and left office to become grand vizier in July 1782.
  174. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 119.
  175. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 119, 123.
  176. Although al-Jabarti mentions that a pasha served as governor at this time (in between Melek Mehmed Pasha and Silahdar Mehmed Pasha from July 1782 to July 1783) (see identity al-Jabarti citation), he does not mention his name. An unknown source implies that it might have been someone with the name or partial name "Sharif Pasha" ("Şerif Pasha" in Turkish).
  177. He previously served as Grand Vizier from 1770 to 1771.
  178. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 138.
  179. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 156.
  180. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 171.
  181. He previously served as Grand Vizier in 1782. During his term as governor after 1786, real power lay with the Kapudan Pasha Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha, who had been sent by the sultan to rid Egypt of the Mamluk emirs. After he was dismissed and replaced by his successor Abdi Pasha on 24 October 1786, Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha demanded an audit of his accounts in order to recover money to pay for the upkeep of the Ottoman army stationed in Egypt waiting to combat the Mamluk emirs. Combined with the debts owed to him by the wanted emirs and the death of his wife, Yeğen Seyyid Mehmed Pasha became very distressed. He was forced to sell his furniture and clothing to pay what he owed according to Hasan Pasha's audit. According to al-Jabarti, tension was rumored to constantly exist between Yeğen Seyyid Mehmed Pasha and Hasan Pasha since Hasan Pasha's arrival in early August 1786.
  182. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 181.
  183. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 216–217.
  184. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 286–288.
  185. He was the former assistant (kethüda) and protégé of Cezayirli Gazi Hasan Pasha. Öztuna's list of governors replaces him with Raif Ismail Pasha, but this is certainly incorrect, as Raif Ismail Pasha was executed in 1785 according to Sicill-i Osmani, which, along with Al-Jabarti (a completely independent source), defines the two men as very distinct people. Öztuna most likely confused them because of their identical names.
  186. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 289.
  187. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 315. At the beginning of Ramadan a Tatar messenger arrived bearing an edict deposing Isma'il Pasha and that he should direct himself to Morea....
  188. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 315. ...the pasha of Morea, Muhammad Pasha, who had been in Jidda the previous year and was known as 'Izzat, was to be governor of Egypt..
  189. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 430. In the month of Safar [September 1794] news came of the arrival of Salih Pasha, governor of Egypt, at Alexandria. [Safranbolulu Izzet] Muhammad (Mehmet) Pasha took provisions for a journey, set out and traveled to Alexandria..
  190. He served as Grand Vizier before (1774, 1781–82) and after (1794–98) his term as governor. He was governor from early May 1791 to September 1794.
  191. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 2. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 317–322, 373.
  192. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 3. ...and Bakr Pasha sent the letter with his envoy overland....
  193. Sicill-i Osmani says that he was also the governor of Anatolia Eyalet from 1794 to 1796. He "failed to conserve his position" as governor of Egypt and was dismissed in 1798, dying soon afterwards.
  194. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 46. ...and the governor of Egypt will be 'Abdallah Pasha ibn al-'Azm who is at present governor of Syria..
  195. According to al-Jabarti, on 3 November 1798, a letter arrived in Egypt, making Abdullah Pasha governor.
  196. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 139. ...on the 22nd of Ramadan (Feb. 17 1800) ... Nasuh Pasha, the governor of Egypt ... bestowed robes upon them..
  197. He was previously fighting against the French in Egypt alongside Murad Bey. According to Sicill-i Osmani, he was appointed governor in August 1799, but according to al-Jabarti, he only arrived and took office in late February 1800.
  198. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 295. On the 28th (Aug. 9 [1801]) ... Muhammad Pasha Abu Maraq, candidate for the office of governor of Egypt ... bestowed garments of honor, and scattered gold and silver coins.
  199. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 303. On Monday the 12th (of Jumada I 1216) [21 September 1801] ... The news came that Muhammad Khusraw Pasha was appointed governor of Egypt. He was the katkhuda of Husayn Pasha Kapudan ... It was rumored that Muhammad Pasha Abu Maraq was dismissed and would leave for his estate..
  200. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 316. On the third (of Ramadan 1216) [8 January 1802 CE] Muhammad Pasha (Abu Maraq) departed..
  201. He became governor on 9 August 1801. Between his dismissal on 21 September 1801 and his successor Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha's arrival on 22 January 1802, a deputy appointed by Koca Hüsrev Pasha ruled, according to Al-Jabarti volume 3, page 303. According to Sicill-i Osmani (p. 1049), he was from Gaza. After his governorship, he became the Ottoman governor of Konya (1802), Diyarbekir Eyalet (1803), and Sivas Eyalet (1803–04, 1805–06), and Jeddah (1804–05). In 1805, he was taken to Damascus with a group of soldiers. From 1806 to 1812, he lived in Aleppo, but was executed in 1812.
  202. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 317. Muhammad Pasha (Khusraw), the governor of Egypt, reached Bulaq ... On Friday the 17th (Jan. 22 [1802]) he entered cAiro via Bab al-Nasr in a solemn procession devoid of the customary composition..
  203. The news of his appointment came on 21 September 1801, but he only arrived in Cairo and took office on 22 January 1802.
  204. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 372. The qadi produced a sable fur with which he invested Tahir Pasha as qa'im maqam, until such time as the governorship fell to him, or another governor should arrive..
  205. Some sources refer to his name as "Thir Pasha." He was the commander of the Albanian troops sent by the Ottoman sultan in 1801 to fight against the French. He chased his predecessor and legitimate governor Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha out of Cairo and to Damietta in northern Egypt when he failed to pay the Albanian troops due to lack of funding. The local judges confirmed him as kaymakam (acting governor) on 6 May 1803, according to al-Jabarti. After Tahir Pasha in turn failed to pay the salaries of the Turkish (Janissary) troops, two of them assassinated him that same year.
  206. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 376–377. Whenever the Janissaries asked for some of their jamakiya pay, [Tahir Pasha] would tell them that they had nothing coming from him; that he would pay them only from the date he became governor [as he was only acting governor (kaymakam)] ... they rushed at him with drawn swords; one of them struck him, sent his head flying ... Tahir Pasha's body lay cast aside with no one paying it the slightest attention..
  207. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 377. [Janissaries] entered into a plot with Ahmad Pasha, governor of Medina..
  208. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 378.
  209. Although Sicill-i Osmani is vague about his exact position during this time, it definitely places him as the governor of Medina at this time, and the governor of Damietta a bit earlier, both roles that al-Jabarti specifies that this "Ahmad Pasha" had, leaving little doubt that this was the same Ahmed Pasha. He held actual governorship rule in Egypt for only about 1 day.
  210. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 380, 394. ...'by order of Ibrahim Bey, Governor of the Province, and our Master Muhammad Ali.' [Muftizade] Ahmad Pasha's governorship had lasted one day and one night. ...Ibrahim Bey convoked a diwan at his daughter's house ... and took over the duties of qa'im maqam of Egypt..
  211. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 428.
  212. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 394. On the 20th (July 10) news came of the arrival of 'Ali Pasha al-Tarabulusi in Alexandria, as governor of Egypt in place of Muhammad Pasha (Khusraw)..
  213. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 438–440. [On March 12] Muhammad Ali went up to the Citadel and came down with Muhammad Pasha Khusraw and his companions at his side... It became known among the people that Muhammad Pasha had returned to the governorship of Egypt... On the eve of Wednesday [March 14] Muhammad Pasha Khusraw ... [was] taken down to Bulaq and shipped off to Lower Egypt... His governorship – or, rather, his pretended governorship... he had continued to believe confidently in his return to the governorship of Cairo... such were his delusions!.
  214. His "governorship" lasted only 2 days, from 12–14 March 1804, and was a complete farce under Muhammad Ali of Egypt, who held real power. Muhammad Ali made Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha governor in name only until the brothers of the late Tahir Pasha, who had fought against Koca Hüsrev Mehmed Pasha, demanded his exile to northern Egypt. Although his successor Hurshid Ahmed Pasha's governorship was announced 2 days before his governorship, on 10 March, Muhammad Ali still made him governor, even if only for two days.
  215. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 437. At the seventh hour after sunset [on 10 March 1804] ... a firman ... arrived from Ahmad Pasha Khurshid, the governor of Alexandria, appointing the latter to the governorship of Egypt..
  216. Book: 'Abd al-Rahman Jabarti. Thomas Philipp. Moshe Perlmann. Abd Al-Rahmann Al-Jabarti's History of Egypt. 3. 1994. Franz Steiner Verlag Stuttgart. 442. On the eve of Monday the 14th (March 26) the pasha arrived at the port of Bulaq..

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