List of Olympic men's ice hockey players for the United States explained

See also: List of Olympic women's ice hockey players for the United States.

Men's ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics, and permanently added to the Winter Olympic Games in 1924.^[1] The United States has participated in 22 of 23 tournaments, sending 43 goaltenders and 282 skaters.

For the first two tournaments, the United States sent club amateur teams with additional players from other squads. After sitting out the 1928 tournament, they returned in 1932 with a team made up almost entirely of players attending college in the US. The early American teams were successful, winning three silver medals and a bronze in the first five tournaments. In 1948, controversy struck when the US sent two teams to the Olympics. Two competing bodies, the American Hockey Association and the Amateur Athletic Union, each claimed that their team had the right to represent the United States. As a compromise, the AHA team was permitted to compete, but they would be prohibited from qualifying for a medal.^[2]

In 1960, an unheralded American squad defeated the Canadian and Soviet squads on American soil en route to their first Olympic gold medal.^[3] The next several years were not as successful, and the Americans fell in the rankings; when the United States won silver in 1972, it did so from the B Pool, becoming the first B Pool squad to medal in an Olympic tournament.^[4] In 1980, Herb Brooks, the last man cut from the team that won gold in 1960, was named coach, and selected a team of college hockey players. The Americans shocked the world by first upsetting the heavily favored Soviet team 4–3, and then they defeated Finland for the gold medal. The "Miracle on Ice", as the game against the Soviets came to be known, was later named as the greatest moment in international hockey history by the IIHF,^[5] and the story was later turned into two motion pictures, Miracle on Ice and Miracle.^{[6] [7]}

The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes, so the players of the National Hockey League (NHL) and other professional leagues were not allowed to compete.^[8] The countries that benefited most were the Soviet Bloc countries of Eastern Europe, where top athletes were state-sponsored while retaining their status as amateurs.^[9] In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to allow all athletes to compete in Olympic Games, starting in 1988.^{[10] [11]} The NHL decided not to allow all players to participate in 1988, 1992 or 1994, because doing so would force the league to halt play during the Olympics. An agreement was reached in 1995 that allowed NHL players to compete in the Olympics, starting with the 1998 Games in Nagano, Japan.^[12] Since that time, the Americans have won two silver medals, losing both times to Canada in the gold medal game in North America (2002 in Salt Lake City and 2010 in Vancouver). National teams are co-ordinated by USA Hockey and players are chosen by the team's management staff.

The United States has won two gold medals, eight silver medals and one bronze medal in men's ice hockey; the Americans have won more silver medals than any other nation.^[13] Four players have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, seven into the IIHF Hall of Fame and sixty-two individuals into the United States Hockey Hall of Fame. In addition, two teams have been inducted into the US Hockey Hall of Fame and the United States Olympic Hall of Fame: the gold medal winning 1960 and 1980 teams. Two players—Chris Chelios and Keith Tkachuk—have played on four teams. According to the IOC database, 176 men have won medals; ten players—Bill Cleary, Chris Drury, Herbert Drury, John Garrison, John Mayasich, Dick Meredith, Weldon Olson, Brian Rafalski, Richard Rodenheiser, and Frank Synott—have won two medals. Keith Tkachuk holds the record for most games played, having dressed for 23 games in 1992, 1998, 2002, and 2006. Herbert Drury leads American Olympians in goals, having scored 33 goals in 1920 and 1924 (before assists were counted); Bruce Cunliffe scored 23 points (17 goals and 6 assists) in 1948, and Bill Christian recorded 12 assists in 1960 and 1964.

Key

General terms

Term	Definition
GP	Games played
HHOF	Hockey Hall of Fame^[14]
IIHFHOF	International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame^[15]
USHHOF	United States Hockey Hall of Fame^[16]
USOHOF	United States Olympic Hall of Fame^[17]
Olympics	Number of Olympic Games tournaments
Ref(s)	Reference(s)

Goaltender statistical abbreviations

Abbreviation	Definition
W	Wins
L	Losses
T	Ties
Min	Minutes played
SO	Shutouts
GA	Goals against
GAA	Goals against average

Skater statistical abbreviations

Abbreviation	Definition
G	Goals
A	Assists
P	Points
PIM	Penalty minutes
—	Not applicable

Goaltenders

Goaltenders

Player	Olympics	Tournaments	GP	W	L	T	Min	SO	GA	GAA	Medals	Notes	Ref(s)
	1	2002	1	1	0	0	60	0	1	1.00		USHHOF (2009)
	1	1984	4	0	1	2	200	0	11	3.30
	1	1920	2	1	1	0	80	1	2	1.50
	1	1980	7	6	0	1	420	0	15	2.14		IIHFHOF (1999) USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)	^[18]
	1	1972	5	3	2	0	300	0	15	3.00		IIHFHOF (1999) USHHOF (1998)
	1	1952	4	3	0	1	240	0	10	2.50		USHHOF (1988)
	1	2006	4	1	3	0	237	0	9	2.28
	2		4	1	2	1	240	1	15	3.75
	1	2006	1	0	1	0	59	0	5	5.10
	1	1932	6	4	1	1	310	3	5	0.97
	1	1992	1	0	0	0	17	0	2	6.97
	1	2006	1	0	1	0	60	0	3	3.00
	1	1948	8	5	3	0	480	0	33	4.13		Team Captain (1948)
	1	1956	3	1	2	0	180	0	9	3.00		USHHOF (1990)
	1	1924	5	4	1	0	260	3	6	1.38
	1	1924	1	0	0	0	40	0	0	0.00
	1	1992	8	5	2	1	463	2	17	2.20
	1	1968	1	0	1	0	40	0	10	15.00
	1	1984	3	2	1	0	160	0	10	3.76
	1	1960	7	7	0	0	413	0	17	2.47		USHHOF (1983) USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)	^[19]
	2		7	6	1	0	415	1	9	1.30		Tournament MVP (2010) Tournament best goaltender (2010)	^[20] ^[21]
	1	1936	8	5	2	1	410	5	4	0.59
	1	1960	1	0	0	0	7	0	0	0.00		USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	2		5	3	2	0	304	0	11	2.17
	3		12	4	7	1	707	1	38	3.22		USHHOF (2008)
	1	1956	4	4	0	0	240	1	7	1.75
	2		13	4	6	1	709	0	40	3.39
	1	1994	5	1	2	2	299	0	17	3.41
	1	1988	3	1	1	0	128	0	14	6.58
	1	2010	1	0	0	0	12	0	1	5.21
	1	1998	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0.00		USHHOF (2007)
	1	1976	5	2	3	0	300	0	21	4.20
	1	1920	2	2	0	0	80	2	0	0.00
	1	1952	4	3	1	0	240	0	11	2.75
	1	1964	2	0	2	0	91	0	11	7.22

Reserve goaltenders

These goaltenders were named to the Olympic roster, but did not receive any ice time during games.

Reserve goaltenders

Player	Tournaments	Medals	Notes	Ref(s)
	1988
	1976
	1932
	1998
	1994
	2014
	1980		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1972

Skaters

Skaters

Player	Olympics	Tournaments	GP	G	A	P	PIM	Medals	Notes	Ref(s)
	1	1924	5	15		15	8		Flag bearer (1924) USHHOF (1973)	^[22]
	1	1972	5	4	3	7	0
	1	1976	5	0	0	0	4
	2	1998, 2002	10	2	3	5	4		USHHOF (2009)
	1	1932	6	1	1	2	5
	1	1956	7	0	1	1	2
	2	2010, 2014	12	4	3	7	8
	1	1980	7	1	0	1	4		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1948	8	7	2	9	2
	1	1994	8	1	4	5	2
	1	1932	6	3	3	6	0
	1	1998	2	0	0	0	0
	1	1952	8	3	3	6	0
	1	1984	6	3	1	4	6
	1	2006	6	0	0	0	2
	1	1948	5	6	3	9	0
	1	1976	5	1	0	1	4
	1	1972	5	2	3	5	6		USHHOF (1995)
	1	1988	5	3	1	4	2
	1	1984	6	1	1	2	10
	1	1964	6	1	0	1	33
	2	1964, 1968	14	1	3	4	6		HHOF (2006) IHHFHOF (1999) USHHOF (1990) USOHOF (2006) Team Co-Captain (1964)	^[23]
	1	1980	7	2	1	3	2		USHHOF (2000) USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1972	5	0	0	0	6
	2	2010, 2014	12	2	1	3	4
	2	1988, 1992	13	0	4	4	4
	1	1956	1	0	0	0	0
	2	2010, 2014	12	0	2	2	2
	1	1956	7	1	0	1	6		Team Captain (1956)
	1	1994	8	0	0	0	6
	1	2014	6	1	1	2	0
	1	1998	4	0	0	0	2
	1	1952	8	2	1	3	13		USHHOF (1992)
	1	1932	6	2	4	6	1		Team Captain (1932) USHHOF (1973)
	4	1984, 1998, 2002, 2006	22	3	4	7	16		Team Captain (1998, 2002, 2006) USHHOF (2011)
	2	1960, 1964	14	4	12	16	4		IIHFHOF (1998) USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1980	7	0	8	8	6		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1956	6	5	1	6	4
	2	1960, 1964	13	11	4	15	28		USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1972	5	1	1	2	6		USHHOF (2005)
	1	1980	7	2	1	3	6		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1994	8	2	4	6	0
	2	1956, 1960	14	11	10	21	2		IIHFHOF (1997) USHHOF (1976) USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1960	7	6	4	10	6		USHHOF (1981) USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	2006	6	1	2	3	0
	1	1920	4	14		14	2		USHHOF (1975)
	1	2006	6	1	4	5	2
	1	1932	5	2	1	3	0
	1	1964	7	3	4	7	0		USHHOF (2004)
	1	1994	8	0	2	2	8
	1	1948	8	17	6	23	12
	1	1968	7	1	4	5	4		USHHOF (2003)
	1	1952	8	2	2	4	35
	1	1968	7	0	1	1	0
	2	1998, 2002	10	2	1	3	4
	1	1964	7	2	4	6	0
	1	1976	5	3	4	7	4
	2	1988, 1992	14	4	2	6	12		Team Captain (1992)
	1	1992	8	4	3	7	8
	1	1956	7	4	1	5	0		USHHOF (2003)
	3	2002, 2006, 2010	18	2	3	5	4
	2	1920, 1924	9	33		33	5
	2	1992, 1994	14	2	3	5	2
	1	1992	6	0	1	1	6
	1	1980	7	3	2	5	2		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983) Team Captain (1980)
	1	1932	5	4	0	4	0		USHHOF (1974)
	1	1968	2	1	1	2	4
	1	2014	2	0	0	0	0
	1	1994	8	6	0	6	6
	1	1920	3	1		1	0
	1	1932	1	0	0	0	1
	1	2014	6	1	0	1	0
	1	1964	7	3	1	4	0
	1	1972	5	0	2	2	0		USHHOF (1991)
	1	1984	6	0	0	0	6		USHHOF (2002)
	2	1984, 1988	12	5	6	11	8		USHHOF (2002)
	1	1952	8	4	2	6	15
	2	1932, 1936	13	7	3	10	14		USHHOF (1973) Team Captain (1936)
	1	1948	3	1	1	2	4		USHHOF (1986)
	1	1968	6	0	0	0	2
	1	1948	2	0	0	0	0
	1	1920	2	3		3	0
	1	2006	6	4	0	4	2
	1	2010	6	0	0	0	0
	1	1920	4	7		7	7		HHOF (1952) USHHOF (1973)
	1	2006	6	1	4	5	10
	2	1988, 1992	14	0	3	3	8
	1	1988	6	1	7	8	4
	1	1960	2	0	0	0	0		USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1984	5	0	0	0	0
	1	1984	6	1	0	1	8
	3	1998, 2002, 2006	16	5	3	8	6		USHHOF (2013)
	1	1932	1	0	0	0	0
	2	1980, 1984	12	0	5	5	8		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1976	5	1	0	1	2
	1	1952	8	5	2	7	4
	2	1998, 2006	10	0	0	0	12		USHHOF (2010)
	1	1998	3	0	2	2	0		USHHOF (2010)
	1	1994	8	0	0	0	10
	2	1992, 2006	14	0	1	1	10
	1	1992	8	1	3	4	8
	1	1994	8	0	0	0	6
	1	1992	8	2	0	2	6
	1	1984	6	1	0	1	10
	1	2002	6	1	4	5	0		USHHOF (2004)
	1	1972	5	0	0	0	0		USHHOF (2003) HHOF (2011)
	2	1998, 2002	10	5	6	11	6		HHOF (2009) USHHOF (2008)
	1	1968	7	3	3	6	0
	1	1968	7	0	2	2	2
	1	1976	5	0	0	0	4
	1	1984	6	0	0	0	2
	1	1994	8	0	0	0	2
	1	1972	5	1	1	2	6
	1	1988	5	3	1	4	2
	1	1984	6	5	1	6	0
	1	1984	6	0	0	0	6
	1	1976	5	0	0	0	4
	1	1972	5	5	0	5	6
	2	1988, 1992	13	1	1	2	6
	1	2010	6	1	0	1	4
	1	2010	6	0	1	1	2
	1	1980	7	5	6	11	6		IIHFHOF (1999) USHHOF (2003) USHHOF (2004) USOHOF (1983)
	2	1960, 1964	14	11	3	14	8		USHHOF (2000) USHHOF (2001) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1936	1	0	0	0	0
	2	2010, 2014	12	3	6	9	8
	2	2010, 2014	12	3	3	6	2
	2	2010, 2014	12	6	4	10	4
	1	1952	7	2	4	6	6
	2	1948, 1960	14	5	4	9	11		IIHFHOF (1997) USHHOF (1987) USHHOF(2000) USOHOF (1989) Team Captain (1960)
	1	2006	6	1	1	2	4
	1	1936	5	0	2	2	6
	1	1992	8	0	1	1	6
	2	1984, 1998	10	6	4	10	0		USHHOF (2003)
	1	1976	5	0	2	2	10
	2	1998, 2010	9	1	3	4	4		Team Captain (2010)
	1	1988, 1994	13	1	2	3	10		Team Captain (1994)
	1	1936	3	0	0	0	2
	1	1994	8	2	2	4	4
	1	1988	6	1	2	3	0
	2	1998, 2002	10	6	2	8	4		USHHOF (2009)
	3	1988, 1998, 2002	16	2	11	13	4		USHHOF (2008) Team Captain (1988)
	1	2006	6	1	0	1	4
	1	2006	6	0	2	2	2
	1	1994	8	3	1	4	16
	1	1968	7	2	2	4	9
	1	1932	1	0	0	0	0
	1	1976	5	0	0	0	2
	1	1924	1	0		0	0
	1	1988	6	6	1	7	4		USHHOF (2005)
	1	2010	6	3	2	5	6
	1	1992	8	1	1	2	4
	1	1994	8	1	1	2	6
	1	1994	8	0	2	2	8
	1	2014	4	0	0	0	0
	1	1964	7	0	0	0	6
	1	1956	7	2	2	4	2		USHHOF (1991)
	1	1948	8	15	8	23	8		USHHOF (1998)
	2	1956, 1960	14	14	8	22	4		USHHOF (1976) USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1924	5	8		8	0
	1	1980	7	5	3	8	2		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1920	3	8		8	5
	1	1920	1	7		7	0
	1	1964	3	0	0	0	0
	1	2014	6	1	1	2	0
	1	1992	8	1	0	1	10
	1	1972	5	0	1	1	6
	1	1972	5	0	0	0	2
	1	1992	8	5	2	7	4
	1	1956	6	1	1	2	4
	1	1960	6	2	4	6	12		USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1972	5	0	0	0	2
	2	1956, 1960	9	4	4	8	2		USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1964	4	0	0	0	8
	2	1984, 1988	12	6	5	11	6
	1	2002	6	0	0	0	4
	1	1976	5	0	1	1	0
	1	1988	5	1	3	4	4
	3	1998, 2002, 2006	16	4	6	10	10		USHHOF (2012)
	1	1968	7	2	6	8	10
	1	1980	7	1	2	3	6		USHHOF (1995) USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1952	8	5	1	6	4
	1	1968	7	2	2	4	12		IIHFHOF (2004) USHHOF (1998) Team Captain (1968)
	1	1972	5	1	1	2	2
	1	1932	5	1	1	2	2
	1	1952	8	0	1	1	0
	1	1988	6	0	4	4	4
	1	1980	5	0	1	1	2		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1988	3	1	0	1	4
	1	1984	6	2	6	8	0		USHHOF (2012)
	1	1972	5	0	0	0	0
	2	1956, 1960	14	7	0	7	16		USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1948	8	1	1	2	4
	2	2010, 2014	12	0	0	0	2
	1	2014	6	1	3	4	4
	1	1952	8	7	4	11	0
	1	1998	4	0	0	0	0
	1	1960	7	1	2	3	4		USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1960	7	0	1	1	4		USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	2014	5	0	1	1	4
	1	1932	6	8	3	11	2		USHHOF (1973)
	1	1968	6	0	0	0	0		USHHOF (1989)
	2	2010, 2014	12	5	4	9	0
	1	2006	6	0	0	0	4
	1	1980	7	1	6	7	2		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	2	2010, 2014	12	1	7	8	4
	1	1948	6	2	4	6	6
	1	1956	7	0	0	0	4
	1	1968	7	2	4	6	2		USHHOF (2000)
	1	2002	6	0	1	1	4
	1	1948	8	1	0	1	2
	1	1956	7	2	2	4	2		USHHOF (1974)
	3	2002, 2006, 2010	17	5	8	13	4		Tournament best defenseman (2010)
	1	1980	7	0	2	2	8		USHHOF (2001) USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1964	7	3	3	6	4		Team Co-Captain (1964)
	1	1924	5	13		13	0
	1	1994	8	0	0	0	2
	1	1994	8	0	3	3	4
	1	1948	8	17	0	17	11		USHHOF (1979)
	1	1968	7	1	1	2	10
	1	1994	8	1	5	6	4
	2	1956, 1960	6	1	1	2	0		USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	2	1998, 2002	10	1	5	6	8		USHHOF (2010)
	3	1994, 2002, 2006	20	10	4	14	12
	1	1952	8	5	3	8	4
	2	1964, 1968	14	2	2	4	2
	1	1976	5	0	2	2	0
	1	1936	8	1	0	1	2
	1	1976	5	1	3	4	6
	1	1936	8	2	1	3	2
	1	2010	6	1	1	2	2
	1	1994	8	3	5	8	12
	1	1992	8	0	2	2	0
	1	1984	6	1	2	3	2
	1	1956	7	0	0	0	8
	1	1972	5	3	0	3	0
	1	1972	5	4	5	9	0
	1	1964	7	3	0	3	0
	2	1976, 1980	12	7	4	11	10		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	2	1998, 2006	10	1	2	3	22
	1	1952	8	2	2	4	2
	1	1976	5	1	2	3	0
	1	2014	6	0	3	3	0
	1	1936	8	0	0	0	4
	1	1972	5	2	1	3	0		USHHOF (1997) Team Captain (1972)
	1	1980	7	2	3	5	0		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1924	5	8		8	0		Team Captain (1924)
	2	1932, 1936	9	2	0	2	0
	1	1988	6	3	2	5	4
	1	1936	8	2	0	2	4
	2	2010, 2014	12	3	2	5	0
	1	2014	1	0	0	0	0
	1	1988	5	1	3	4	2
	1	1968	7	2	0	2	8
	1	1980	7	1	2	3	2		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1936	8	0	1	1	4
	1	1980	7	0	0	0	6		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1998, 2002	10	0	1	1	4		USHHOF (2011)
	2	2010, 2014	12	0	7	7	6
	1	1992	8	3	4	7	6
	2	1920, 1924	6	7		7	3
	1	1976	5	1	2	3	8		Team Captain (1976)
	1	1976	5	0	2	2	0
	4	1992, 1998, 2002, 2006	23	3	3	6	28		USHHOF (2011)
	1	1992	8	0	0	0	0
	1	1920	2	1		1	0
	1	1952	8	0	1	1	4		Team Captain (1952)
	1	2014	6	1	6	7	2
	1	1948	2	0	0	0	2
	2	1980, 1984	13	5	4	9	8		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983) Team Captain (1984)
	1	1968	7	5	0	5	4
	1	1948	8	16	5	21	6
	3	1998, 2002, 2006	16	0	8	8	10		USHHOF (2013)
	1	1988	3	0	0	0	0
	1	1980	7	2	1	3	0		USHHOF (2003) USOHOF (1983)
	1	1964	7	2	0	2	4
	1	2014	6	0	1	1	2
	1	2010	6	0	0	0	0
	1	1960	7	4	6	10	2		USHHOF (1981) USHHOF (2000) USOHOF (1989)
	1	1952	8	6	3	9	13		USHHOF (1986)
	1	2002	6	0	1	1	0
	1	1992	8	1	3	4	4
	3	1988, 1992, 2002	20	8	7	15	8

See also

• List of United States national ice hockey team rosters
• List of Olympic women's ice hockey players for the United States

References

• Web site: 2010 Medallists. International Ice Hockey Federation. 2010. September 30, 2013. January 3, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140103083443/http://stats.iihf.com/og2010/IHM400000_92C_2_0.pdf. live.
• 2010 U.S. Olympic Ice Hockey Media Guide. USA Hockey. 2010. September 30, 2013. CITEREFUSA_Hockey2010.
• Book: H. B. Fenn & Company, Ltd. . . IIHF Top 100 Hockey Stories of All-Time . 2008 . 978-1-55168-358-4 . September 30, 2013 . Podmon . Podnieks . Andrew . Szemberg . Szymon . Andrew Podnieks . March 21, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090321095926/http://www.iihf.com/100-years/100-years-of-ice-hockey/home/100-top-stories.html . live .
• Web site: USA Player Statistics by Team-2010. International Ice Hockey Federation. 2010. September 30, 2013. December 2, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131202235548/http://stats.iihf.com/og2010/IHM400012_83_6_0.pdf. live.

External links

• USA Hockey - Official website

Notes and References

1. Web site: Ice hockey . . September 30, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090323022731/http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/index_uk.asp?SportCode=IH . March 23, 2009 .
2. [#Podmon|Podnieks & Szemberg]
3. [#Podmon|Podnieks & Szemberg]
4. [#Podmon|Podnieks & Szemberg]
5. [#Podmon|Podnieks & Szemberg]
6. News: Miracle on Ice (1981). https://web.archive.org/web/20131219175319/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/32832/Miracle-on-Ice/overview. dead. December 19, 2013. Movies & TV Dept.. The New York Times. Hal Erickson. Hal Erickson (author). 2013. November 22, 2013.
7. News: Miracle (2004). https://web.archive.org/web/20131219185325/http://www.nytimes.com/movies/movie/286893/Miracle/overview. dead. December 19, 2013. Movies & TV Dept.. The New York Times. 2013. November 22, 2013.
8. Schantz . Otto . The Olympic Ideal and the Winter Games Attitudes Towards the Olympic Winter Games in Olympic Discourses—from Coubertin to Samaranch . Comité International Pierre De Coubertin . September 30, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130505052232/http://www.coubertin.ch/pdf/schantz.pdf . May 5, 2013 .
9. Web site: PROTESTING AMATEUR RULES, CANADA LEAVES INTERNATIONAL HOCKEY. IIHF. 2008. IIHF.com. 2017-08-25. 2017-10-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20171010205021/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-17.html. live.
10. News: Players in NHL are now eligible in the Olympics. Toronto Star. Monsebraaten, Laurie. October 15, 1986.
11. Web site: Amateurism. March 30, 2009. USA Today. September 30, 2013. February 23, 2002. https://web.archive.org/web/20020223021004/http://www.usatoday.com/olympics/owg98/osytr01.htm. live.
12. Web site: The N.H.L.'s Olympic Gamble; Stars' Participation in Nagano Could Raise Sport's Profile. Lapointe, Joe. The New York Times. September 16, 1997. September 30, 2013. August 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200811140323/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/09/16/sports/hockey-nhl-s-olympic-gamble-stars-participation-nagano-could-raise-sport-s.html. live.
13. Web site: Olympic Ice Hockey Tournaments, Men. International Ice Hockey Federation. September 30, 2013. November 24, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20111124195822/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/olympics/men.html. live.
14. Web site: List of honored Players. September 26, 2013. Hockey Hall of Fame. June 27, 2009. https://web.archive.org/web/20090627093410/http://www.legendsofhockey.net/LegendsOfHockey/jsp/LegendsMembersByYear.jsp?type=Player. live.
15. Web site: IIHF Hall of Fame. International Ice Hockey Federation. September 30, 2013. August 29, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110829053409/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/iihf-hall-of-fame.html. live.
16. Web site: Past Inductees. USA Hockey. September 25, 2013. January 2, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140102220635/http://www.ushockeyhalloffame.com/page/show/809122-past-inductees. live.
17. Web site: U.S. Olympic Hall of Fame. October 1, 2013. United States Olympic Committee. https://web.archive.org/web/20131022120900/http://www.teamusa.org/About-the-USOC/Inside-the-USOC/Awards/Hall-of-Fame. 2013-10-22. dead.
18. Web site: Hall of Fame. United States Olympic Committee. October 1, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131022120900/http://www.teamusa.org/About-the-USOC/Inside-the-USOC/Awards/Hall-of-Fame. 2013-10-22. dead.
19. Web site: Sports, Entertainment Stars Light Up Olympic Festival Parties Olympic Hall Adds 7 Members. NewsOK.com. July 29, 1989. October 1, 2013. October 5, 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131005015857/http://newsok.com/sports-entertainment-stars-light-up-olympic-festival-parties-olympic-hall-adds-7-members/article/2274349. live.
20. Web site: Best Players Selected by the Directorate. International Ice Hockey Federation. February 28, 2010. September 30, 2013. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304004047/http://stats.iihf.com/og2010/IHM000000_85I_1_0.pdf. live.
21. Web site: Goalkeepers/Gardiens de But. International Ice Hockey Federation. February 28, 2010. October 7, 2013.
22. Web site: Luge Athlete Mark Grimmette Selected as Flag Bearer for 2010 U.S. Olympic Team. https://web.archive.org/web/20110728084435/http://pressbox.teamusa.org/Pages/Luge-Athlete-Mark-Grimmette-Selected-as-Flag-Bearer-for-2010-U-S--Olympic-Team.aspx. dead. July 28, 2011. Lisa Rampserger. United States Olympic Committee. February 10, 2010. September 30, 2013.
23. Web site: Class of 2006-Team USA. United States Olympic Committee. February 15, 2010. dead. https://archive.today/20100219000743/http://www.teamusa.org/resources/u-s-olympic-hall-of-fame/distinguished-members/class-of-2006. February 19, 2010.