List of Olympic medalists in figure skating explained

Figure skating has been part of the Olympic Games since 1908 and has been included in 26 Olympic Games. There have been 286 medals (96 gold, 95 silver, and 95 bronze) awarded to figure skaters representing 29 representing National Olympic Committees. Six events have been contested but one, men's special figures, was discontinued after a single Olympics.

Canadian ice dancers Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir are the only figure skaters to win five Olympic medals (three gold medals and two silver medals). Swedish figure skater Gillis Grafström and Russian figure skater Evgeni Plushenko have each won four medals. The only skaters with three consecutive titles are Grafström in men's singles, Sonja Henie for Norway in women's singles, and Irina Rodnina from the Soviet Union in pair skating.

On two occasions, there has been a podium sweep. Russian figure skaters hold the unique record of having won gold medals in all six Olympic figure skating events.

Medalists

Men's singles

YearLocationGoldSilverBronze+Men's results1908 London Ulrich Salchow Richard Johansson Per Thorén[1]
1912 StockholmFigure skating not contested at these Olympics
1920 Antwerp Gillis Grafström Andreas Krogh Martin Stixrud[2]
1924 Chamonix Gillis Grafström Willy Böckl Georges Gautschi[3]
1928 St. Moritz Gillis Grafström Willy Böckl Robert van Zeebroeck[4]
1932 Lake Placid Karl Schäfer Gillis Grafström Montgomery Wilson[5]
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Karl Schäfer Ernst Baier Felix Kaspar[6]
1948 St. Moritz Dick Button Hans Gerschwiler Edi Rada[7]
1952 Oslo Dick Button Helmut Seibt James Grogan[8]
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Hayes Alan Jenkins Ronnie Robertson David Jenkins[9]
1960 Squaw Valley David Jenkins Karol Divín Donald Jackson[10]
1964 Innsbruck Manfred Schnelldorfer Alain Calmat Scott Allen[11]
1968 Grenoble Wolfgang Schwarz Timothy Wood Patrick Péra[12]
1972 Sapporo Ondrej Nepela Sergei Chetverukhin Patrick Péra[13]
1976 Innsbruck John Curry Vladimir Kovalev Toller Cranston[14]
1980 Lake Placid Robin Cousins Jan Hoffmann Charles Tickner[15]
1984 Sarajevo Scott Hamilton Brian Orser Jozef Sabovčík[16]
1988 Calgary Brian Boitano Brian Orser Viktor Petrenko[17]
1992 Albertville Viktor Petrenko Paul Wylie Petr Barna[18]
1994 Lillehammer Alexei Urmanov Elvis Stojko Philippe Candeloro[19]
1998 Nagano Ilia Kulik Elvis Stojko Philippe Candeloro[20]
2002 Salt Lake City Alexei Yagudin Evgeni Plushenko Timothy Goebel[21]
2006 Turin Evgeni Plushenko Stéphane Lambiel Jeffrey Buttle[22]
2010 Vancouver Evan Lysacek Evgeni Plushenko Daisuke Takahashi[23]
2014 Sochi Yuzuru Hanyu Patrick Chan Denis Ten[24]
2018 Pyeongchang Yuzuru Hanyu Shoma Uno Javier Fernández[25]
2022 Beijing Nathan Chen Yuma Kagiyama Shoma Uno[26]

Men's special figures

Men's special figures was only included in one Olympic Games before being discontinued. The sole winner of the event was Russian Nikolai Panin, who gave his country its first ever Olympic gold medal.[27]

YearLocationGoldSilverBronze+Men's special figures results1908 London Nikolai Panin Arthur Cumming Geoffrey Hall-Say[28]

Women's singles

YearLocationGoldSilverBronze+Women's results1908 London Madge Syers Elsa Rendschmidt Dorothy Greenhough-Smith[29]
1912 StockholmFigure skating not contested at these Olympics
1920 Antwerp Magda Julin Svea Norén Theresa Weld[30]
1924 Chamonix Herma Szabo Beatrix Loughran Ethel Muckelt[31]
1928 St. Moritz Sonja Henie Fritzi Burger Beatrix Loughran[32]
1932 Lake Placid Sonja Henie Fritzi Burger Maribel Vinson[33]
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen Sonja Henie Cecilia Colledge Vivi-Anne Hultén[34]
1948 St. Moritz Barbara Ann Scott Eva Pawlik Jeannette Altwegg[35]
1952 Oslo Jeannette Altwegg Tenley Albright Jacqueline du Bief[36]
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo Tenley Albright Carol Heiss Ingrid Wendl[37]
1960 Squaw Valley Carol Heiss Sjoukje Dijkstra Barbara Roles[38]
1964 Innsbruck Sjoukje Dijkstra Regine Heitzer Petra Burka[39]
1968 Grenoble Peggy Fleming Gabriele Seyfert Hana Mašková[40]
1972 Sapporo Beatrix Schuba Karen Magnussen Janet Lynn[41]
1976 Innsbruck Dorothy Hamill Dianne de Leeuw Christine Errath[42]
1980 Lake Placid Anett Pötzsch Linda Fratianne Dagmar Lurz[43]
1984 Sarajevo Katarina Witt Rosalynn Sumners Kira Ivanova[44]
1988 Calgary Katarina Witt Elizabeth Manley Debi Thomas[45]
1992 Albertville Kristi Yamaguchi Midori Ito Nancy Kerrigan[46]
1994 Lillehammer Oksana Baiul Nancy Kerrigan Chen Lu[47]
1998 Nagano Tara Lipinski Michelle Kwan Chen Lu[48]
2002 Salt Lake City Sarah Hughes Irina Slutskaya Michelle Kwan[49]
2006 Turin Shizuka Arakawa Sasha Cohen Irina Slutskaya[50]
2010 Vancouver Yuna Kim Mao Asada Joannie Rochette[51]
2014 Sochi Adelina Sotnikova Yuna Kim Carolina Kostner[52]
2018 Pyeongchang Alina Zagitova Evgenia Medvedeva Kaetlyn Osmond[53]
2022 Beijing Anna Shcherbakova Alexandra Trusova Kaori Sakamoto[54]

Pairs

At the 1964 Olympics, Marika Kilius and Hans-Jürgen Bäumler, Debbi Wilkes and Guy Revell, and Vivian Joseph and Ronald Joseph placed second, third, and fourth, respectively. Two years later, Kilius and Bäumler's results were invalidated because the pair had signed a professional contract before the Olympics. The silver medals were re-allocated to Wilkes and Revell and the bronze medals to Joseph and Joseph. However, in 1987, the German team was re-awarded their silver medals after an appeal. In November 2014, the International Olympic Committee clarified that both the German and Canadian teams were the silver medalists, and the U.S. team were the bronze medalists.[55] [56]

At the 2002 Olympics, a controversy in the pairs competition culminated in the French judge's scores being thrown out and the Canadian team of Jamie Salé and David Pelletier being awarded gold medals.[57] Additionally, the Russian team of Elena Berezhnaya and Anton Sikharulidze were allowed to keep their medals despite the allegations of vote swapping and buying of votes of the French judge. Judges from Russia, China, Poland, Ukraine, and France had placed the Russians first; judges from the United States, Canada, Germany, and Japan gave the nod to the Canadians. A scheme had been hatched whereby the French pairs judge had agreed to award the gold medal to the Russian team, while the Russian ice dance judge was to award the gold medal to the French ice dance team. The International Skating Union announced a day after the competition that it would conduct an "internal assessment" into the judging decision.[58] Marie-Reine Le Gougne, the French judge implicated in collusion, and Didier Gailhaguet, president of the French Federation of Ice Sports, were found guilty of misconduct and were suspended for three years and barred from officiating at the 2006 Winter Olympics.[59]

YearLocationGoldSilverBronze+Pairs' results1908 London[60]
1912 StockholmFigure skating not contested at these Olympics
1920 Antwerp[61]
1924 Chamonix[62]
1928 St. Moritz[63]
1932 Lake Placid[64]
1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen[65]
1948 St. Moritz[66]
1952 Oslo[67]
1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo[68]
1960 Squaw Valley[69]
1964 Innsbruck
[70]
1968 Grenoble[71]
1972 Sapporo[72]
1976 Innsbruck[73]
1980 Lake Placid[74]
1984 Sarajevo[75]
1988 Calgary[76]
1992 Albertville[77]
1994 Lillehammer[78]
1998 Nagano[79]
2002 Salt Lake City
No silver medals awarded[80]
2006 Turin[81]
2010 Vancouver[82]
2014 Sochi[83]
2018 Pyeongchang[84]
2022 Beijing[85]

Ice dance

YearLocationGoldSilverBronze+Ice dance results1976 Innsbruck[86]
1980 Lake Placid[87]
1984 Sarajevo[88]
1988 Calgary[89]
1992 Albertville[90]
1994 Lillehammer[91]
1998 Nagano[92]
2002 Salt Lake City[93]
2006 Turin[94]
2010 Vancouver[95]
2014 Sochi[96]
2018 Pyeongchang[97]
2022 Beijing[98]

Team event

The team event is the newest Olympic figure skating event, first contested in the 2014 Games. It combines the four Olympic figure skating disciplines (men's singles, women's singles, pairs, and ice dance) into a single event; gold is awarded to the team that earns the most placement points.

The results of the 2022 team event were fraught with controversy. The medal ceremony originally scheduled for 8 February was delayed over what International Olympic Committee (IOC) spokesperson Mark Adams described as a situation that required "legal consultation" with the International Skating Union.[99] Several media outlets reported that the issue was over a positive test from December 2021 that showed the presence of trimetazidine in a sample given by Kamila Valieva from the Russian Olympic Committee (ROC),[100] [101] which was officially confirmed on 11 February. The Russian Anti-Doping Agency (RUSADA), under suspension from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) since 2015[102] for its years of serving solely to hide the positive doping results of Russian athletes,[103] [104] cleared Valieva on 9 February, a day after the December test results were released and two months after the test. The IOC, WADA, and the ISU appealed the RUSADA's decision.[105]

On 14 February, the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) ruled that Valieva be allowed to compete in the women's single event, stating that preventing her from competing "would cause her irreparable harm in the circumstances", although her gold medal in the team event was still under consideration. The favorable decision from the court was made in part due to her age, as minor athletes are subject to different rules than adult athletes.[106] [107] The IOC announced that the medal ceremony would not take place until the investigation was over and there was a concrete decision whether to strip Russia of their medals.[108]

On 29 January 2024, the CAS disqualified Valieva for four years retroactive to 25 December 2021 for an anti-doping rule violation which they found her to have committed.[109] On 30 January 2024, the ISU, among other actions, re-allocated the medals in the figure skating team event, upgrading the United States and Japan to gold and silver, while downgrading the ROC to bronze.[110] By 25 July 2024, the CAS dismissed all of Russia's appeals of their January decision,[111] and on 7 August 2024, the American and Japanese teams were presented with their gold and silver medals at a ceremony held at the Champions Park, near the Eiffel Tower, during the 2024 Summer Olympics.[112]

YearLocationGoldSilverBronze+Team event results2014 Sochi
Evgeni Plushenko
Yulia Lipnitskaya
Tatiana Volosozhar
Maxim Trankov
Ksenia Stolbova
Fedor Klimov
Ekaterina Bobrova
Dmitri Soloviev
Elena Ilinykh
Nikita Katsalapov

Patrick Chan
Kevin Reynolds
Kaetlyn Osmond
Meagan Duhamel
Eric Radford
Kirsten Moore-Towers
Dylan Moscovitch
Tessa Virtue
Scott Moir

Jeremy Abbott
Jason Brown
Ashley Wagner
Gracie Gold
Marissa Castelli
Simon Shnapir
Meryl Davis
Charlie White
[113]
2018 Pyeongchang
Patrick Chan
Kaetlyn Osmond
Gabrielle Daleman
Meagan Duhamel
Eric Radford
Tessa Virtue
Scott Moir

Mikhail Kolyada
Evgenia Medvedeva
Alina Zagitova
Evgenia Tarasova
Vladimir Morozov
Natalia Zabiiako
Alexander Enbert
Ekaterina Bobrova
Dmitri Soloviev

Nathan Chen
Adam Rippon
Bradie Tennell
Mirai Nagasu
Alexa Scimeca Knierim
Chris Knierim
Maia Shibutani
Alex Shibutani
[114]
2022 Beijing
Nathan Chen
Vincent Zhou
Karen Chen
Alexa Knierim
Brandon Frazier
Madison Hubbell
Zachary Donohue
Madison Chock
Evan Bates

Shoma Uno
Yuma Kagiyama
Wakaba Higuchi
Kaori Sakamoto
Riku Miura
Ryuichi Kihara
Misato Komatsubara
Tim Koleto

Mark Kondratiuk
Kamila Valieva (DQ)
Anastasia Mishina
Aleksandr Galliamov
Victoria Sinitsina
Nikita Katsalapov
[115]

Multiple medals

Most medals won

Skaters who have won three or more Olympic medals are listed below.[116]

SkaterNationEvent(s)OlympicsTotal
Ice dance &<br>team event2010, 2014, 20183205
Ice dance &<br>team event2010, 2014, 20183205
Men's singles1920, 1924, 1928, 19323104
Women's singles1928, 1932, 19363003
Pairs1972, 1976, 19803003
Men's singles
& team event
2002, 2006, 2010, 20142204

Pairs1992, 1994, 19982103
Pairs1924, 1928, 19322013
Pairs1924, 1928, 19322013
Men's singles
& team event
2018, 20222013
Men's singles
& team event
2014, 20181203

Ice dance &<br>team event2014, 20221124
Ice dance &<br>team event2010, 20141113
Pairs &<br>team event2014, 20181113

Ice dance1984, 1988, 19921113
Women's singles
& team event
2014, 20181113

Ice dance1984, 1988, 19921113
Pairs &<br>team event2014, 20181113
Ice dance &<br>team event2010, 20141113
Pairs2002, 2006, 20101023
Pairs2010, 2014, 20181023
Pairs2002, 2006, 20101023
Women's singles
& pairs
1924, 1928, 19320213
Men's singles
& team event
2018, 20220213

Multiple gold medals

The only skaters with three consecutive titles are Gillis Grafström in men's singles, Sonja Henie in women's singles, and Irina Rodnina in pairs. The most consecutive titles in ice dance is two, which has only been achieved by Oksana Grishuk and Evgeny Platov. In addition, one women's singles skater, three men's singles skaters, and five pair skaters have earned consecutive titles. Two ice dancers and three pair skaters have earned non-consecutive titles.

Five skaters have won Olympic gold medals in multiple events. Evgeni Plushenko won gold in men's singles in 2006 and team event gold in 2014. Tatiana Volosozhar and Maxim Trankov were the first skaters to win multiple events at a single Olympics, winning in both pairs and the team event. Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir matched this feat four years later, earning golds in ice dance and the team event.

SkaterNationEvent(s)Olympics
Men's singles1920, 1924, 19283
Women's singles1928, 1932, 19363
Ice dance &<br>team event2010, 20183
Pairs1972, 1976, 19803
Ice dance &<br>team event2010, 20183
Pairs1964, 19682
Pairs1928, 19322
Pairs1928, 19322
Men's singles1948, 19522
Nathan ChenMen's singles
& team event
20222

Pairs1992, 19982

Pairs1988, 19942

Pairs1988, 19942
Ice dance1994, 19982
Men's singles2014, 20182
Ice dance1994, 19982
Men's singles
& team event
2006, 20142
Pairs1964, 19682
Men's singles1932, 19362
Pairs &<br>team event20142
Pairs &<br>team event20142
Women's singles1984, 19882
Pairs1976, 19802

Multiple medals by event

Men's singles

SkaterNationOlympicsTotal
align=left align=left 1920, 1924,
1928, 1932
3104
align=left align=left 1932, 19362002
align=left align=left 1948, 19522002
align=left align=left 2014, 20182002
align=left align=left 2002, 2006,
2010, 2014
1203
align=left align=left 1956, 19601012
align=left
align=left 1988, 19921012
align=left align=left 1924, 19280202
align=left align=left 1984, 19880202
align=left align=left 1994, 19980202
align=left align=left 2018, 20220112
align=left align=left 1968, 19720022
align=left align=left 1994, 19980022

Women's singles

SkaterNationOlympicsTotal
align=left align=left 1928, 1932, 19363003
align=left align=left 1984, 19882002
align=left align=left 1952, 19561102
align=left align=left 1956, 19601102
align=left align=left 1960, 19641102
align=left align=left 2010, 20141102
align=left align=left 1948, 19521012
align=left align=left 1928, 19320202
align=left align=left 1924, 19280112
align=left align=left 1992, 19940112
align=left align=left 1998, 20020112
align=left align=left 2002, 20060112
align=left align=left 1994, 19980022

Pairs

SkaterNationOlympicsTotal
align=left align=left 1972, 1976, 19803003
align=left
align=left 1992, 1994, 19982103
align=left align=left 1924, 1928, 19322013
align=left align=left 1924, 1928, 19322013
1964, 19682002
align=left
align=left 1988, 19942002
align=left
align=left 1988, 19942002
align=left align=left 1964, 19682002
align=left align=left 1976, 19802002
align=left align=left 1998, 20021102
align=left align=left 2018, 20221102
1920, 19241102
align=left align=left 1920, 19241102
align=left
align=left 1992, 19941102
align=left align=left 1998, 20021102
align=left align=left 2018, 20221102
align=left align=left 2010, 2014, 20181023
2002, 2006, 20101023
align=left align=left 2002, 2006, 20101023
1960, 19640202
1960, 19640202
align=left align=left 1908, 19200112
align=left align=left 1992, 19940022
align=left align=left 1992, 19940022
align=left align=left 1972, 19760022
align=left align=left 1972, 19760022
align=left align=left 1952, 19560022
align=left align=left 1952, 19560022
1932, 19360022
align=left align=left 2010, 20140022
align=left align=left 1932, 19360022

Ice dance

SkaterNationOlympicsTotal
2010, 2014, 20182103
1994, 19982002

1984, 19921113
1984, 19881102
2010, 20141102
2018, 20221102
1984, 19941012
1998, 20021012

1992, 19940112

2014, 20220112

Multiple disciplines

Only three skaters have won Olympic medals in multiple figure skating disciplines. All other multi-event medalists won medals in their discipline plus the team event (which, while being a separate event, is not considered its own skating discipline).

In 1908, Madge Syers became the first skater to medal in multiple figure skating disciplines at a single Olympics. The only skater to match this feat was Ernst Baier in 1936. The only other skater to medal in multiple disciplines was Beatrix Loughran who did so at separate Olympics.

No skater has won gold medals in multiple disciplines.

SkaterNationEventsOlympicsTotal
Men's singles19360102
Pairs100
Women's singles19081002
Pairs001
Women's singles1924, 19280113
Pairs1932010

Summer and Winter Olympics

Since figure skating was held during the Summer Olympic Games in 1908 and 1920 before being moved to the Winter Olympic, three skaters won medals in figure skating at both the Summer and Winter Games.

Men's singles skater Gillis Grafström's first gold medal was earned at the 1920 Summer Olympics. His other three medals were won at the 1924–1932 Winter Games. Pair skaters Ludowika Jakobsson and Walter Jakobsson also earned gold during the 1920 Summer Olympics. They later won medals at the 1924 Winter Games.

Country records

Winning streak

From 1964 to 2006, Russian figure skaters — representing the Soviet Union, the Unified Team, or Russia — won the gold medal in the pairs event, in what was the longest series of victories for one country in one winter event.[117]

Most events won

Russian figure skaters hold the unique record of having won gold medals in all six Olympic figure skating events. Since men's special figures was discontinued, this record cannot be matched.

Russia is the only NOC to have won gold medals in all five current Olympic figure skating events. Canada has won gold medals in four events, while Great Britain, the Unified Team, and the United States have won gold medals in three events.

Russia and the Unified Team are the only NOCs to have won three events at the same Olympics, at the 2014 Winter Olympics and the 1992 Winter Olympics respectively. No NOC has won more than three figure skating events at a single Olympics.

Podium sweeps

There have been two podium sweeps in Olympic figure skating history, where skaters from one nation won all three medals in a single event.

OlympicsEvent(s)NationGoldSilverBronze
1908Men's singlesUlrich SalchowRichard JohanssonPer Thorén
1956Hayes Alan JenkinsRonnie RobertsonDavid Jenkins

Medal totals by country

Team event

Age records

See main article: List of Olympic medalists in figure skating by age.

TitleAgeNameNationGamesMedalDate of birthDate of eventEvent
Youngest female gold medalistMaxi Herber Germany1936 Garmisch-PartenkirchenGoldOctober 8, 1920February 13, 1936Pairs
Youngest female medalistManuela Groß1972 SapporoBronzeJanuary 29, 1957February 8, 1972Pairs
Youngest male gold medalistDick Button1948 St MoritzGoldJuly 18, 1929February 5, 1948Men's singles
Youngest male medalistScott Allen United States1964 InnsbruckBronzeFebruary 8, 1949February 6, 1964Men's singles
Oldest female gold medalistLudowika Jakobsson1920 AntwerpGoldJuly 25, 1884April 26, 1920Pairs
Oldest female medalistLudowika Jakobsson1924 ChamonixSilverJuly 25, 1884January 31, 1924Pairs
Oldest male gold medalistWalter Jakobsson1920 AntwerpGoldFebruary 6, 1882April 26, 1920Pairs
Oldest male medalistEdgar Syers1908 LondonBronzeMarch 18, 1863October 29, 1908Pairs

See also

References

General

Specific

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: London 1908 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-18 . 2022-01-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220119232510/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/london-1908/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  2. Web site: Antwerp 1920 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-18 . 2022-03-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220311110129/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/antwerp-1920/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  3. Web site: Chamonix 1924 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-18 . 2022-03-29 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220329162729/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/chamonix-1924/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  4. Web site: St. Moritz 1928 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-18 . 2022-03-20 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220320214343/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/st-moritz-1928/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  5. Web site: Lake Placid 1932 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-22 . 2022-02-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220213024357/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/lake-placid-1932/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  6. Web site: Garmisch-Partenkirchen 1936 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-22 . 2022-11-28 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221128075739/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/garmisch-partenkirchen-1936/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  7. Web site: St. Moritz 1948 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 . 4 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210804194027/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/st-moritz-1948/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  8. Web site: Oslo 1952 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 . 10 August 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210810000726/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/oslo-1952/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  9. Web site: Cortina d'Ampezzo 1956 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 . 17 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211017104258/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/cortina-d-ampezzo-1956/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  10. Web site: Squaw Valley 1960 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 .
  11. Web site: Innsbruck 1964 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 .
  12. Web site: Grenoble 1968 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 . 19 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220319192151/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/grenoble-1968/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  13. Web site: Sapporo 1972 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 .
  14. Web site: Innsbruck 1976 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 .
  15. Web site: Lake Placid 1980 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 . 12 March 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220312184358/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/lake-placid-1980/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  16. Web site: Sarajevo 1984 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 .
  17. Web site: Calgary 1988 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 . 30 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211130181907/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/calgary-1988/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  18. Web site: Albertville 1992 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 26 May 2024 .
  19. Web site: Lillehammer 1994 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-18 . 2022-07-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220705000500/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/lillehammer-1994/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  20. Web site: Nagano 1998 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-18 . 2022-01-22 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220122183500/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/nagano-1998/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  21. Web site: Salt Lake City 2002 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-18 . 2021-06-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210619053206/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/salt-lake-city-2002/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  22. Web site: Turin 2006 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com.
  23. Web site: Vancouver 2010 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-17 . 2021-06-25 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210625082817/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/vancouver-2010/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  24. Web site: Sochi 2014 Figure Skating Individual Men Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-16 . 2022-10-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002225133/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/sochi-2014/results/figure-skating/individual-men . live .
  25. Web site: Pyeonhchang 2018 Figure Skating Men's Single Skating Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-16 . 2023-03-19 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230319134034/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/pyeongchang-2018/results/figure-skating/mens-single-skating . live .
  26. Web site: Beijing 2022 Figure Skating Men Single Skating Results . Olympics.com . 2024-05-16 . 2022-12-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221207061039/https://olympics.com/en/olympic-games/beijing-2022/results/figure-skating/men-single-skating . live .
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