List of North Carolina militia units in the American Revolution explained

The North Carolina militia units were first established in 1775 by the Third North Carolina Provincial Congress on the eve of the American Revolution. Initially, the militia units were centered on the 35 counties that then existed in the Province of North Carolina. The units fought against the British, Loyalists, and Cherokee Native Americans that aligned themselves with British forces. The units included military district brigades established in 1776, county regiments, four battalions, and one independent corps of light horse. Four regiments were located in counties that became part of the Southwest Territory in 1790 and later Tennessee in 1796. The size of brigades could be up to a few thousand volunteers. Brigades were commanded by a brigadier general. Regiments were commanded by a colonel and made up of a number of companies commanded by captains with about 50 men in each company. During engagements, one or more companies of regiments may have been involved in actions and commanded by the regimental or brigade commander. In 1778, Major General John Ashe was selected to command all North Carolina militia and State Troops. Brigade commanders reported to him. Separate from the North Carolina militia, the state provided 10 numbered regiments to the Continental Army that were referred to as the North Carolina Line.[1]

Background

In August 1775, the Third North Carolina Provincial Congress of North Carolina delegates appointed Cornelius Harnett the head of the Council of Safety which oversaw resistance to British rule. They also divided the colony into six military districts for the purpose of organizing militia and arranging representation in the executive body of the Council of Safety. At the county level, there were Committees of Safety, including the Rowan, Anson, Mecklenburg, Surry, and Tryon counties. Many members of these committees of safety became the officers of the regiments of militia.[2] [3]

The North Carolina Provincial Congress authorized 35 existing county militias to be organized on September 9, 1775. Some counties had already established their militias earlier than 1775. The Rowan County regiment was split on October 22, 1775 into two distinct regiment, the 1st Rowan County Regiment and the 2nd Rowan County Regiment. On December 22 that same year, the North Carolina Provincial Council split the Pasquotank County Regiment into two separate and distinct regiments, the 1st and 2nd Pasquotank County regiments. The two additional regiments brought the total number of county regiments to 37 by the end of 1775.

Units

The following are the North Carolina militia brigades and regiments with their subordination, along with the dates established and disestablished, as well as the original commander when the unit was established by the Provincial Congress. Many counties started mustering and training militia before the Provincial Congress got around to it, as early as October 1774 (Johnson County Regiment). Regiments were subordinated to named brigades after brigades were established in 1776. Brigades were headed by a brigadier general and subordinate to the state militia headed by a major general officer, who reported to the Governor of North Carolina. As new counties were created by the legislature, new regiments were created and some were disbanded. At the time of the Battle of Kings Mountain in October 1780, there were 50 counties and 51 regiments of militia. Many regiments had two colonels. Soldiers and officers from these units were engaged in battles and skirmishes, primarily in North Carolina and South Carolina, but a few engagements were in Georgia, Virginia, and East Florida. As militia units, the soldiers did not serve full-time and returned home between engagements, musters, and drills.[4]

North Carolina militia units in the American Revolution
UnitSubordinationEstablishedDisbandedOriginal Commander, RankRefs
North Carolina Militia and State Troops CommandGovernor of North Carolina17781783data-sort-value="Ashe, John"MG John Ashe, Sr.[5] [6]
Edenton District BrigadeNorth Carolina Militia Command17761783data-sort-value="Vail, Edward"BG Edward Vail[7] [8]
1st Regiment of North Carolina militiaEdenton District Brigade17801780data-sort-value="Jarvis, Samuel"Col Samuel Jarvis[9]
2nd Regiment of North Carolina militiaEdenton District Brigade17801780data-sort-value="Exum, Benjamin"Col Benjamin Exum[10] [11]
Bertie County RegimentEdenton District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Whitmell, Thomas"Col Thomas Witmell[12]
Camden County RegimentEdenton District Brigade17771783data-sort-value="Gregory, Isaac"Col Isaac Gregory[13] [14]
Chowan County RegimentEdenton District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Bonner, Thomas"Col Thomas Bonner[15]
Currituck County RegimentEdenton District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Jarvis, Samuel"Col Samuel Jarvis[16]
Gates County RegimentEdenton District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Baker, Lawrence"Col Lawrence Baker[17] [18]
Hertford County RegimentEdenton District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Wynns, Benjamin"Col Benjamin Wynns[19] [20]
Martin County RegimentEdenton District Brigade, Halifax District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Williams, William"Col William Williams[21]
1st Pasquotank County RegimentEdenton District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Lowery, John"Col John Lowery[22]
2nd Pasquotank County RegimentEdenton District Brigade17751777data-sort-value="Gregory, Isaac"Col Isaac Gregory[23]
Perquimans County RegimentEdenton District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Harvey, Miles"Col Miles Harvey[24] [25]
Tyrrell County RegimentEdenton District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Buncombe, Edward"Col Edward Buncombe[26] [27]
Halifax District BrigadeNorth Carolina Militia Command17761783data-sort-value="Jones, Allen"BG Allen Jones[28] [29]
1st Battalion of VolunteersHalifax District Brigade17761777data-sort-value="Sheppard, Abraham"Col Abraham Sheppard, Sr[30]
2nd Battalion of VolunteersHalifax District Brigade17761777data-sort-value="Locke, Francis"Col Francis Locke[31] [32]
Bute County RegimentHalifax District Brigade17751779data-sort-value="Person, William"Col William Person[33] [34] [35] [36]
Edgecombe County RegimentHalifax District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Haywood, William"Col William Haywood[37] [38]
Franklin County RegimentHalifax District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Seawell, Benjamin"Col Benjamin Seawell[39] [40]
Halifax County RegimentHalifax District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Bradford, John"Col John Bradford[41] [42]
Nash County RegimentHalifax District Brigade17771783data-sort-value="Clinch, James"Col James Clinch[43]
Northampton County RegimentHalifax District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Jones, Allen"Col Allen Jones[44] [45]
Warren County RegimentHalifax District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Eaton, Thomas"Col Thomas Eaton[46] [47]
Hillsborough District BrigadeNorth Carolina Militia Command17761783data-sort-value="Person, Thomas"BG Thomas Person[48] [49]
Caswell County RegimentHillsborough District Brigade17771783data-sort-value="Saunders, JamesCol James Saunders[50] [51] [52]
Chatham County RegimentHillsborough District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Ramsey, Ambrose"Col Ambrose Ramsey[53] [54]
Granville County RegimentHillsborough District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Taylor, Joseph"Col Joseph Taylor[55]
Mounted Volunteers RegimentHillsborough District Brigade17801780data-sort-value="Taylor, Philip"Col Philip Taylor
Northern Orange County RegimentHillsborough District Brigade17761777data-sort-value="Saunders, James"Col James Saunders
Orange County RegimentHillsborough District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Hogan, John"Col John Hogan[56]
Randolph County RegimentHillsborough District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Balfour, Andrew"Col Andrew Balfour[57] [58]
Wake County RegimentHillsborough District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Hinton, John"Col John Hinton[59] [60]
New Bern District BrigadeNorth Carolina Militia Command17761783data-sort-value="Caswell, Richard"BG Richard Caswell[61] [62]
Beaufort County RegimentNew Bern District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Bonner, James"Col James Bonner[63]
Carteret County RegimentNew Bern District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Thompson, William"Col William Thompson[64] [65] [66]
Craven County RegimentNew Bern District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Leech, Joseph"Col Joseph Leech[67] [68]
Dobbs County RegimentNew Bern District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Sheppard, Abraham"Col Abraham Sheppard[69] [70]
Hyde County RegimentNew Bern District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Latham, Rotheas"Col Rotheas Latham[71] [72]
Johnston County RegimentNew Bern District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Bryan, Needham"Col Needham Bryan[73] [74]
Jones County RegimentNew Bern District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Bryan, john"Col John Bryan[75]
Pitt County RegimentNew Bern District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Simpson, John"Col John Simpson[76] [77]
Wayne County RegimentNew Bern District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Exum, Benjamin"Col Benjamin Exum[78] [79]
Morgan District BrigadeNorth Carolina Militia Command17821783data-sort-value="McDowell, Charles"BG Charles McDowell[80] [81]
Davidson County RegimentMorgan District Brigade17831783data-sort-value="Bledsoe, Anthony"Col Anthony Bledsoe[82] [83]
Greene County RegimentMorgan District Brigade17831783data-sort-value="Hardin, Joseph"Col Joseph Harden[84]
Salisbury District BrigadeNorth Carolina Militia Command17761783data-sort-value="Rutherford, Griffith"BG Griffith Rutherford[85] [86] [87] [88]
Anson County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Spencer, Samuel"Col Samuel Spencer[89] [90]
Burke County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade17771782data-sort-value="Armstrong, William"Lieutenant Colonel (LTC) William Armstrong[91] [92]
Guilford County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Sutherland, Ransom"Col Ransom Sutherland[93] [94] [95]
Lincoln County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Graham, William"Col William Graham[96] [97] [98]
1st Mecklenburg County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Polk, Thomas"Col Thomas Polk[99] [100] [101] [102]
2nd Mecklenburg County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17791780data-sort-value="Phifer, Caleb"Col Caleb Phifer
Polk's Regiment of Light DragoonsMecklenburg County Regiment,
State Troops Command (1781)
17801781data-sort-value="Polk, William"LTC William Polk, William[103] [104]
Independent Corps of Light HorseIndependent17801780data-sort-value="Davie, William Richardson"Maj William Richardson Davie[105] [106]
Montgomery County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Little, John"Col John Little[107]
Richmond County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Harrington, Henry William"Colonel Henry William Harrington[108]
Rowan County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Rutherford, Griffith"Col Griffith Rutherford[109] [110] [111]
2nd Rowan County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17751777data-sort-value="Osborne, Adlai"Col Adlai Osborne[112]
2nd Rowan County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17821783data-sort-value="Brandon, James"Col James Brandon
Rutherford County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Hampton, Andrew"Col Andrew Hampton[113]
Sullivan County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade17791783data-sort-value="Shelby, Isaac"Col Isaac Shelby[114] [115] [116]
Surry County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Armstrong, Martin"Col Martin Armstrong[117] [118]
Tryon County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17751779data-sort-value="Graham, William"Col William Graham[119] [120]
Washington District RegimentSalisbury District Brigade17761777data-sort-value="Carter, John"Col John Carter[121] [122]
Washington County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade17771783data-sort-value="Shelby, Evan"Col Evan Shelby[123]
Wilkes County RegimentSalisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade17771783data-sort-value="Cleveland, Benjamin"Col Benjamin Cleveland[124] [125]
Wilmington District BrigadeNorth Carolina Militia Command17761783data-sort-value="Ashe, John"BG John Ashe, Sr.[126] [127]
1st Battalion of MilitiaWilmington District Brigade17761776data-sort-value="Brown, Thomas"Col Thomas Brown[128]
2nd Battalion of MilitiaWilmington District Brigade17761776data-sort-value="Dozier, Peter"Colonel Peter Dozier[129] [130]
Bladen County RegimentWilmington District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Robeson, Thomas"Col Thomas Robeson, Jr.[131] [132]
Brunswick County RegimentWilmington District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Howe, Robert"Col Robert Howe[133] [134]
Cumberland County RegimentWilmington District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Rutherford, Thomas"Col Thomas Rutherford[135]
Duplin County RegimentWilmington District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Kenan, James"Col James Kenan[136] [137] [138]
New Hanover County RegimentWilmington District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Moore, James"Col James Moore[139] [140] [141]
Onslow County RegimentWilmington District Brigade17751783data-sort-value="Cray, William"Col William Cray[142] [143]
Overmountain MenSalisbury District Brigade, Morgan District Brigade17761783data-sort-value="Shelby, Isaac"Col Isaac Shelby[144] [145]

Bibliography

Despite a requirement by the early government of North Carolina to keep muster roles of the militia, very few of these have survived. However, efforts of both amateur and professional historians, such as William S. Powell, William T. Graves, and J.D. Lewis, the composition and history of the North Carolina militia has been reconstructed from thousands of individual records and compiled in reference works such as those listed below.

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Colonial Militia. Towles, Louis P.. 2006. NCPedia. March 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190401070046/https://www.ncpedia.org/militias-colonial. April 1, 2019. live.
  2. Web site: North Carolina in the US Revolution. NCPedia. 2010. March 5, 2019. Howard, Josh. https://web.archive.org/web/20190401070056/https://www.ncpedia.org/history/usrevolution/overview. April 1, 2019. live.
  3. Web site: Council of Safety. Towles, Louis P.. 2006. NCPedia. March 5, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306043726/https://www.ncpedia.org/council-safety. March 6, 2019. live.
  4. Web site: North Carolina Militia. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 18, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809162026/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/revolution_patriots_militia_nc.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  5. Web site: John Ashe, Sr.. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. March 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182740/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/patriot_leaders_nc_john_ashe_sr.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  6. Web site: John Ashe. NCPedia. Whiteside, Heustis P.. 1979. December 18, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809211746/https://ncpedia.org/biography/ashe-john. August 9, 2019. live.
  7. Web site: Edenton District Brigade of militia. carolana.com. March 9, 2019. Lewis, J.D.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182742/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_edenton_district_brigade_of_militia.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  8. Web site: Edward Vail. Smith, William S. Jr.. 1996. NCPedia. March 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190402193149/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/vail-edward. April 2, 2019. live.
  9. Web site: 1st North Carolina Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182736/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_1st_nc_regiment_of_militia.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  10. Web site: Lewis, J.D.. 2nd North Carolina Regiment. carolana.com. April 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182737/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_2nd_nc_regiment_of_militia.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  11. Web site: Benjamin Exum. NCPedia. April 5, 2019. Smith, Claiborne T. Jr.. 1986. https://web.archive.org/web/20181215061537/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/exum-benjamin. December 15, 2018. live.
  12. Web site: Bertie County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182743/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_bertie_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  13. Web site: Camden County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173728/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_camden_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  14. Web site: Isaac Gregory. Powell, William S.. NCPedia. April 1, 2019. 1986. https://web.archive.org/web/20190402014656/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/gregory-isaac. April 2, 2019. live.
  15. Web site: Chowan County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182744/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_chowan_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  16. Web site: Currituck County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182744/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_currituck_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  17. Web site: Gates County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173746/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_gates_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  18. Web site: Laurence Baker. Smith, Claiborne T. Jr.. 1979. NCPedia. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102200352/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/baker-laurence. November 2, 2019. live.
  19. Web site: Hertford County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182737/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_hertford_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  20. Web site: Benjamin Wynns. Newbern, Thomas R. J.. 1996. NCPedia. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191218003243/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/wynns-benjamin. December 18, 2019. live.
  21. Web site: Martin County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182738/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_martin_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  22. Web site: Pasquotank County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182741/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_pasquotank_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  23. Web site: 2nd Pasquotank County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182736/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_2nd_pasquotank_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  24. Web site: Perquimans County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182738/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_perquimans_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  25. Web site: Miles Harvey. O'Donnell, John Burke Jr.. 1988. NCPedia. April 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190411161155/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/harvey-miles. April 11, 2019. live.
  26. Web site: Tyrrell County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182739/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_tyrrell_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  27. Web site: Edward Buncombe. Lemmon, Sarah Mcculloh. 1979. NCPedia. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20181213180204/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/buncombe-edward. December 13, 2018. live.
  28. Web site: Halifax District Brigade of militia. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. March 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182745/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_halifax_district_brigade_of_militia.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  29. Web site: Allen Jones. NCPedia. March 9, 2019. Howerton, Timothy L.. 1988. https://web.archive.org/web/20190416200449/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/jones-allen. April 16, 2019. live.
  30. Web site: 1st Battalion of Volunteers. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182736/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_1st_battalion_of_volunteers_1776.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  31. Web site: 2nd Battalion of Volunteers. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182744/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_2nd_battalion_of_volunteers_1776.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  32. Web site: Francis Locke. Brawley, James S.. 1991. NCpedia.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190906021242/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/locke-francis. September 6, 2019. live.
  33. Web site: William Person. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. March 19, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809211826/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/patriot_leaders_nc_william_person.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  34. Web site: Bute County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182743/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_bute_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  35. Book: Dictionary of North Carolina Biography. 5. 75. Powell, William S.. 1994. University of North Carolina Press. Skinner, Sue Dossett. March 19, 2019. 0-8078-2100-4. https://web.archive.org/web/20140703232411/http://books.google.com/books?id=VeSDB5tKDagC. July 3, 2014. live.
  36. Web site: William Person. NCPedia. March 19, 2019. Skinner, Sue Dossett. 1994. https://web.archive.org/web/20181214080908/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/person-william. December 14, 2018. live.
  37. Web site: Edgecombe County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182737/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_edgecombe_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  38. Web site: William Haywood. NCPedia. Watson, Alan D.. 1988. December 19, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191102194106/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/haywood-william. November 2, 2019. live.
  39. Web site: Franklin County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410200939/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_franklin_county_regiment.html. April 10, 2019. live.
  40. Web site: Benjamin Seawell. Smith, Claiborne T.Jr.. 1994. NCPedia. April 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412001331/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/seawell-benjamin. April 12, 2019. live.
  41. Web site: Halifax County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190418103540/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_halifax_county_regiment.html. April 18, 2019. live.
  42. Book: History of Halifax County. John Bradford + Halifax County.. Allen, William Cicero. 1918. The Cornhill Company. 44, 172. April 11, 2019.
  43. Web site: Nash County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173808/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_nash_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  44. Web site: Northampton County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182739/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_northampton_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  45. Book: Biographical History of North Carolina from Colonial Times to the Present. 4. Ashe, Samuel A'Court. 1906. Van Noppen, Charles L. Haywood, Marshall Delancey. 252–255.
  46. Web site: Warren County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410232534/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_warren_county_regiment.html. April 10, 2019. live.
  47. Web site: Thomas Eaton. NCPedia. Smith, Claiborne T Jr.. 1986. December 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191220144946/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/eaton-thomas. December 20, 2019. live.
  48. Web site: Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. Hillsborough District Brigade. Jan 28, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182741/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_hillsborough_district_brigade_of_militia.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  49. Web site: Hillsborough District Militia. Caswell County Historical Association. September 18, 2019. nccha.blogspot.com. April 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412132734/http://ncccha.blogspot.com/2010/09/hillsborough-district-militia-1776-1783.html. April 12, 2019. live.
  50. Web site: Caswell County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173755/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_caswell_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  51. Book: Powell, William S.. When the Past Refused to Die: A History of Caswell County, North Carolina, 1777–1977. 1977. Moore Publishing. 51, 72. 9780877160793.
  52. Web site: Revolutionary War Soldiers: Caswell County, North Carolina. Caswell County Historical Association. nccha.blogspot.com. August 11, 2009. April 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412133657/https://ncccha.blogspot.com/2009/08/revolutionary-war-soldiers-caswell.html. April 12, 2019. live.
  53. Web site: Chatham County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. April 10, 2019. carolana.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190430200702/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_chatham_county_regiment.html. April 30, 2019. live.
  54. Web site: North Carolina Visitor Center, History of Chatham County, North Carolina. March 16, 2019. ncvisitorcenter.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190320141858/http://ncvisitorcenter.com/Chatham.html. March 20, 2019. live.
  55. Web site: Granville County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182739/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_granville_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  56. Web site: Orange County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. March 18, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190313140731/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_orange_county_regiment.html. March 13, 2019. live.
  57. Web site: Randolph County Regiment. carolana.com. Lewis, J.D.. April 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173733/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_randolph_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  58. Web site: Andrew Balfour. Raper, Horace W.. NCPedia. 1979. April 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412144800/https://ncpedia.org/biography/balfour-andrew. April 12, 2019. live.
  59. Web site: Wake County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413224937/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_wake_county_regiment.html. April 13, 2019. live.
  60. Web site: Colonel John Hinton. Hinton, Mary Hilliard. April 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190810002925/http://www.mindspring.com/~baumbach/hinton/jhinton.htm. August 10, 2019. live., The North Carolina Booklet, Vol. XIV, No. 4, pp 225–236, April 1915, The North Carolina Society Daughters of the Revolution, Publisher, Commercial Printing Company, Raleigh
  61. Web site: New Bern District Brigade of militia. carolana.com. Lewis, J.D.. March 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182737/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_new_bern_district_brigade_of_militia.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  62. Web site: Holloman, Charles R.. 1979. Richard Caswell. NCPedia. December 18, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190828130013/https://ncpedia.org/biography/caswell-richard-0. August 28, 2019. live.
  63. Web site: Beaufort County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190418224550/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_beaufort_county_regiment.html. April 18, 2019. live.
  64. Web site: Carteret County Regiment. carolana.com. Lewis, J.D.. April 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182741/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_carteret_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  65. Web site: Carteret County: Regiment under command of Colonel Thomas Lovich. North Carolina Digital Collection. April 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404154321/http://digital.ncdcr.gov/cdm/ref/collection/p16062coll26/id/73. April 4, 2019. live.
  66. Book: North Carolina's Coastal Carteret County During the American Revolution, 1765–1785. Kell, Jean Bruyere. Era Press. 1975. April 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191215193807/http://beaufortartist.blogspot.com/search?q=William+Thompson. December 15, 2019. live.
  67. Web site: Craven County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182742/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_craven_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  68. Web site: Joseph Leech. NCPedia. Carraway, Gertrude S.. 1991. April 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190407020456/https://ncpedia.org/biography/leech-joseph. April 7, 2019. live.
  69. Web site: Lewis, J.D.. Dobbs County Regiment. carolana.com. April 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182738/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_dobbs_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  70. Web site: Abraham Sheppard. Hohenwarter, William F.. 1994. NCPedia. April 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190404044327/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/sheppard-Abraham. April 4, 2019. live.
  71. Web site: Lewis, J.D.. Hyde County Regiment. carolana.com. April 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182742/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_hyde_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  72. Rotheas Latham. Washington County Genealogical Society Journal. August 1, 1996. Modlin, Betsy. April 9, 2019. 3739.
  73. Web site: Johnston County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182735/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_johnston_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  74. Web site: Johnston County Military. USGenWeb. April 10, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410134234/http://www.usgwarchives.net/nc/johnston/johnstonmilitary.htm. April 10, 2019. live.
  75. Web site: Jones County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. April 10, 2019. carolana.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173729/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_jones_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  76. Web site: Pitt County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 19, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182739/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_pitt_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  77. Web site: John Simpson. Maupin, Armistead J.. 1994. NCPedia. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191101123914/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/simpson-john. November 1, 2019. live.
  78. Web site: Lewis, J.D.. Wayne County Regiment. carolana.com. April 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173743/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_wayne_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  79. Book: The Heritage of Wayne County, North Carolina. Hunter Publishing Company. Wayne County Historical Association and Old Dobbs County Genealogical Society. 1982. April 8, 2019. 0-89459-191-6. 4-5.
  80. Web site: Morgan District Brigade of militia. carolana.com. March 9, 2019. Lewis, J.D.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182740/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_morgan_district_brigade_of_militia.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  81. Web site: Charles McDowell. NCPedia. Powell, William S.. 1991. December 19, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190929173358/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/mcdowell-charles. September 29, 2019. live.
  82. Web site: Davidson County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. March 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173721/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_davidson_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  83. Web site: Anthony Bledsoe. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809195257/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/patriot_leaders_nc_anthony_bledsoe.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  84. Web site: Greene County Regiment. carolana.com. Lewis, J.D.. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173817/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_greene_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  85. Web site: Lewis, J.D.. Salisbury District brigade. carolana.com. January 27, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182736/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_salisbury_district_brigade_of_militia.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  86. Book: Rumple, Jethro Rev. A History of Rowan County. 1881. 137–138. J.J. Bruner, Salisbury, North Carolina. December 19, 2019.
  87. Ph.D.. Politics of the Personal in the Old North State: Griffith Rutherford in Revolutionary North Carolina. https://web.archive.org/web/20100723051411/http://etd.lsu.edu/docs/available/etd-03022006-111555/unrestricted/Mac_Donald_dis.pdf. dead. July 23, 2010. MacDonald. James M.. 2006. Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College. June 10, 2013. 75633820.
  88. Web site: Griffith Rutherford. Cashion, Jerry C.. 1994. NCPedia. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190528030449/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/rutherford-griffith. May 28, 2019. live.
  89. Web site: Anson County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. March 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182737/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_anson_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  90. Web site: Samuel Spencer. NCPedia. Copeland, J. Isaac. Cashion, Jerry C.. 1994. March 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190330002758/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/spencer-samuel. March 30, 2019. live.
  91. Web site: Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. 2nd Rowan County Regiment. January 30, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190621205500/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_2nd_rowan_county_regiment.html. June 21, 2019. live.
  92. Web site: Adams, D.W.. Adlai Osborne. NCPedia. 1991. December 19, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190422134433/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/osborne-adlai. April 22, 2019. live.
  93. Web site: Guilford County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. March 3, 2019. carolana.com. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182745/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_guilford_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  94. Book: Arthur, John Preston. Western North Carolina; a history (1730–1913). National Society Daughters of the American Revolution of North Carolina. Edward Buncombe Chapter, Asheville, North Carolina. 1914. Jan 29, 2019.
  95. Book: Hunter, Cyrus L.. Sketches of western North Carolina, historical and biographical : illustrating principally the Revolutionary period of Mecklenburg, Rowan, Lincoln, and adjoining counties, accompanied with miscellaneous information, much of it never before published. Raleigh: Raleigh News Steam Job Print. 1877. 166–183. 2019-12-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20151002065412/https://archive.org/details/sketcheswestern00huntgoog. 2015-10-02. live.
  96. Web site: Lincoln County Regiment. J.D. Lewis. carolana.com. March 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190216161112/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_lincoln_county_regiment.html. February 16, 2019. live.
  97. Web site: Hunter, Cyrus L.. Sketches of Western North Carolina, Historical and Biographical. The Raleigh news steam job print. 1877. October 21, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20151002065412/https://archive.org/details/sketcheswestern00huntgoog. October 2, 2015. live.
  98. Web site: William Chronicle. NCPedia. Holloman, Charles R.. 1979. December 19, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217135625/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/chronicle-william. December 17, 2019. live.
  99. Web site: Mecklenburg County Regiment. March 5, 2019. Lewis, J.D.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190217185617/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_mecklenburg_county_regiment.html. February 17, 2019. live.
  100. Book: Arthur, John Preston. Western North Carolina; a history (1730–1913). National Society Daughters of the American Revolution of North Carolina. Edward Buncombe Chapter, Asheville, North Carolina. 1914. January 29, 2019.
  101. Book: Hunter, Cyrus L.. Sketches of western North Carolina, historical and biographical: illustrating principally the Revolutionary period of Mecklenburg, Rowan, Lincoln, and adjoining counties, accompanied with miscellaneous information, much of it never before published. Raleigh : Raleigh News Steam Job Print. 1877. 166–183.
  102. Book: The History of Mecklenburg County from 1740 to 1900. Mecklenburg County Regiment.. Alexander, J.B.. 1902. 108. Observer Printing House. December 19, 2019.
  103. Web site: Polk's Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182741/https://www.carolana.com/SC/Revolution/patriot_militia_sc_polks_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  104. Web site: William Polk. NCPedia. McFarland, Daniel M.. 1994. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190924034253/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/polk-william. September 24, 2019. live.
  105. Web site: The Independent Corp of Light Horse. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182738/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_independent_corps_of_light_horse.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  106. Web site: William Richardson Davie. Robinson, Blackwell P. 1986. June 14, 2019. NCPedia. https://web.archive.org/web/20190412142412/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/davie-william-richardson. April 12, 2019. live.
  107. Web site: Montgomery County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. March 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173735/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_montgomery_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  108. Web site: Richmond County Regiment. carolana.com. March 3, 2019. Lewis, J.D.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173902/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_richmond_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  109. Web site: Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. Rowan County Regiment. January 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190228061529/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_rowan_county_regiment.html. February 28, 2019. live.
  110. Book: Ramsey, Robert . Carolina Cradle: Settlement of the Northwest Carolina Frontier, 1747–1762 . University of North Carolina Press . 1964 . Chapel Hill, NC . 978-0-8078-4189-1 . 2019-12-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190416160609/https://books.google.com/books/about/Carolina_Cradle.html%3Fid%3DmhAqXsiEj1AC . 2019-04-16 . live .
  111. Web site: Minutes of the Provincial Congress of North Carolina, North Carolina. Provincial Congress, August 20, 1775 – September 10, 1775, Volume 10, Pages 164–220. DocSouth. February 16, 2019.
  112. Web site: Adams, D.W.. NCPedia. Adlai Osborne. 1991. January 30, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190131093116/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/osborne-adlai. January 31, 2019. live.
  113. Web site: Rutherford County Regiment. carolana.com. March 3, 2019. Lewis, J.D.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173800/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_rutherford_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  114. Web site: Sullivan County Regiment. carolana.com. March 3, 2019. Lewis, J.D.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173739/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_sullivan_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  115. Book: Draper, Lyman Copeland . Kings Mountain and Its Heroes . P.G. Thomson . 1881 . 2008-12-14 . 0-8063-0097-3.
  116. Web site: Isaac Shelby. Gass, W. Conard. 1994. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190913015822/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/shelby-isaac. September 13, 2019. live.
  117. Web site: Surry County Regiment. March 3, 2019. Lewis, J.D.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190517171333/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_surry_county_regiment.html. May 17, 2019. live.
  118. Web site: Martin Armstrong. NCPedia. Anderson, Jean Bradley. 1979. April 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190406233802/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/armstrong-martin. April 6, 2019. live.
  119. Web site: Tryon County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. March 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182743/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_tryon_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  120. Web site: A History of Tryon County. Nixon, Alfred Nixon. carolana.com. 1910. December 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217184556/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Counties/tryon_county_nc.html. December 17, 2019. live.
  121. Web site: Washington District/County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. March 4, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809173802/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_washington_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  122. Web site: John Carter. NCPedia. Herndon, G. Melvin. 1979. September 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217211637/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/carter-john. December 17, 2019. live.
  123. Web site: Evan Shelby. Beasley, Paul W.. 1994. NCPedia. September 12, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191217211636/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/shelby-evan. December 17, 2019. live.
  124. Web site: Wilkes County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. March 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190306044527/http://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_wilkes_county_regiment.html. March 6, 2019. live.
  125. Web site: Colonel Benjamin Cleveland. Waugh, Betty Linney. 1979. NCPedia. December 19, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190408174736/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/cleveland-benjamin. April 8, 2019. live.
  126. Web site: Wilmington District Brigade of militia. carolana.com. March 9, 2019. Lewis, J.D.. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182736/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_wilmington_district_brigade_of_militia.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  127. Web site: John Ashe. Whiteside, Heustis P.. 1979. NCPedia. March 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190424043804/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/ashe-john. April 24, 2019. live.
  128. Web site: NC 1st Battalion. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182742/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_1st_battalion_of_militia_1776.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  129. Web site: NC 2nd Battalion. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182743/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_2nd_battalion_of_militia_1776.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  130. Web site: Peter Dauge-Dozier. Fry, Claudia A.. 1986. NCPedia. April 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190420194228/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/dauge-dozier-peter. April 20, 2019. live.
  131. Web site: Bladen County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. April 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182735/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_bladen_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  132. Web site: Thomas Robeson. NCPedia. Smith, Maud Thomas. 1994. April 22, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413035637/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/robeson-thomas-jr. April 13, 2019. live.
  133. Web site: Brunswick County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolona.com. December 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182743/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_brunswick_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  134. Web site: Robert Howe. Rankin, Hugh F.. 1988. NCPedia. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190410045143/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/howe-robert. April 10, 2019. live.
  135. Web site: North Carolina Cumberland County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182739/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_cumberland_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  136. Web site: Duplin County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182744/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_duplin_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  137. Book: Powell, William S.. Dictionary of North Carolina Biography. III. Kenan, Thomas III. 345.
  138. Web site: James Kenan. Kenan, Thomas III. NCPedia. December 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191016125838/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/kenan-james. October 16, 2019. live.
  139. Web site: New Hanover County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182736/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_new_hanover_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  140. Encyclopedia: Troxler . George . William S. . Powell . Moore, James . University of North Carolina Press . Chapel Hill, NC . 1991 . 978-0-8078-1918-0 . Dictionary of North Carolina Biography . 4 (L-O) .
  141. Web site: James Moore. Troxler, George. NCPedia. December 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191212151838/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/moore-james. December 12, 2019. live.
  142. Web site: Onslow County Regiment. Lewis, J.D.. carolana.com. December 16, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809182741/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/nc_onslow_county_regiment.html. August 9, 2019. live.
  143. Web site: William Cray. NCPedia. Littleton, Tucker Reed. 1979. December 17, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190413040158/https://www.ncpedia.org/biography/cray-william-sr. April 13, 2019. live.
  144. Book: Revolutionary Leaders of North Carolina. Connor, Robert D.W.. North Carolina State Normal & Industrial College. Greensboro. 1916. 2019-03-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20190809161929/https://www.carolana.com/NC/Revolution/Revolutionary_Leaders_of_North_Carolina_R_D_W_Connor_1916.pdf. 2019-08-09. live. 75–102.
  145. Book: Finger, John. Tennessee Frontiers: Three Regions in Transition. Bloomington, Ind.: Indiana University Press. 2001. 47–52. 978-0-253-10872-2.