List of Nobel laureates affiliated with Princeton University as alumni or faculty explained

This list of Nobel laureates affiliated with Princeton University as alumni or faculty comprehensively shows alumni (graduates and attendees) or faculty members (professors of various ranks, researchers, and visiting lecturers or professors) affiliated with Princeton University who were awarded the Nobel Prize or the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. People who have given public lectures, talks or non-curricular seminars; studied as non-degree students; received honorary degrees; or served as administrative staff at the university are excluded from the list. Summer school attendees and visitors are generally excluded from the list, since summer terms are not part of formal academic years.

The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Karolinska Institute, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals who make outstanding contributions in the fields of chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.[1] They were established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel, which dictates that the awards should be administered by the Nobel Foundation. Another prize, the "Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel" (commonly known as the Nobel Economics Prize), was established in 1968 (first awarded in 1969) by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributors to the field of economics.[2]

As of October 2022, 79 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with Princeton University as alumni or faculty. Among the 79 laureates, 44 are Nobel laureates in natural sciences; 23 are Princeton alumni (graduates and attendees) and 31 have been Princeton faculty members; and subject-wise, 29 laureates have won the Nobel Prize in Physics, more than any other subject. In 2021, Princeton scholars and alumni received an unprecedented five Nobel Prizes.

Woodrow Wilson, the former president of Princeton University, was the first Princeton alumni to win the Nobel Prize, winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1919.[3] Five Nobel Prizes (same subject in the same year) were shared by Princeton laureates: James Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch won the 1980 Nobel Prize in Physics;[4] Russell Alan Hulse and Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr. won the 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics;[5] David Gross and Frank Wilczek won the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics;[6] Thomas Sargent and Christopher Sims won the 2011 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics;[7] David Card and Joshua Angrist won the 2021 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics;[8] and Ben Bernanke and Philip H. Dybvig won the 2022 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics.[9] John Bardeen received two Nobel Prizes in Physics, in 1956 and in 1972; since this is a list of laureates, not prizes, he is counted only once.[10]

Summary

All types of affiliations, namely alumni and faculty members, count equally in the following table and throughout the whole page.

In the following list, the number following a person's name is the year they received the prize; in particular, a number with asterisk (*) means the person received the award while they were working at Princeton University (including emeritus staff). A name underlined implies that this person has already been listed in a previous category (i.e., multiple affiliations).

CategoryAlumniProfessors of various ranksResearchers or visitors
Total: 79233135
Physics (29)
  1. Jim Peebles – 2019
  2. Kip Thorne – 2017
  3. Frank Wilczek – 2004
  4. Steven Weinberg – 1979
  5. John Bardeen – 1956, 1972
  6. Richard Feynman – 1965
  7. Robert Hofstadter – 1961
  8. Clinton Davisson – 1937
  9. Arthur Compton – 1927
  1. Syukuro Manabe – 2021*
  2. Jim Peebles – 2019*
  3. Duncan Haldane – 2016*
  4. Arthur B. McDonald – 2015
  5. David Gross – 2004
  6. Daniel Tsui – 1998*
  7. Joseph H. Taylor – 1993*
  8. Russell Hulse – 1993*
  9. James Cronin – 1980
  10. Val Fitch – 1980*
  11. Philip W. Anderson – 1977
  12. Eugene Wigner – 1963*
  13. Robert Hofstadter – 1961
  14. Owen Richardson – 1928
  1. Roger Penrose – 2020
  2. Donna Strickland – 2018
  3. Kip Thorne – 2017
  4. Rainer Weiss – 2017
  5. John M. Kosterlitz – 2016
  6. Riccardo Giacconi – 2002
  7. Arno Penzias – 1978
  8. John van Vleck – 1977
  9. Eugene Wigner – 1963
  10. Robert Hofstadter – 1961
  11. William Shockley – 1956
Chemistry (11)
  1. Frances Arnold – 2018
  2. Richard Smalley – 1996
  3. Edwin McMillan – 1951
  1. David MacMillan – 2021*
  2. John B. Fenn – 2002
  1. Tomas Lindahl – 2015
  2. Osamu Shimomura – 2008
  3. Frank Rowland – 1995
  4. John Polanyi – 1986
  5. Willard Libby – 1960
  6. Arne Tiselius – 1948
Physiology or Medicine (4)
  1. James Rothman – 2013
  2. Eric Wieschaus – 1995*
  1. Salvador Luria – 1969
  2. Edward C. Kendall – 1950
Economics (27)
  1. David Card – 2021
  2. Joshua Angrist – 2021
  3. Oliver S. Hart – 2016
  4. Lloyd Shapley – 2012
  5. Michael Spence – 2001
  6. James Heckman – 2000
  7. John F. Nash – 1994
  8. Gary Becker – 1992
  1. Ben Bernanke – 2022
  2. Philip Dybvig – 2022
  3. David Card – 2021
  4. Abhijit Banerjee – 2019
  5. Angus Deaton – 2015*
  6. Christopher Sims – 2011*
  7. Paul Krugman – 2008*
  8. Daniel Kahneman – 2002*
  9. Joseph Stiglitz – 2001
  10. John F. Nash – 1994*
  11. W. A. Lewis – 1979*
  1. Esther Duflo – 2019
  2. Angus Deaton – 2015
  3. Jean Tirole – 2014
  4. Lloyd Shapley – 2012
  5. Thomas Sargent – 2011
  6. Chris Pissarides – 2010
  7. Eric Maskin – 2007
  8. Robert Aumann – 2005
  9. Clive Granger – 2003
  10. Lawrence Klein – 1980
  11. Herbert A. Simon – 1978
  12. Tjalling Koopmans – 1975
Literature (6)
  1. Eugene O'Neill – 1936
  1. Toni Morrison – 1993*
  1. Mario Vargas Llosa – 2010
  2. Kenzaburō Ōe – 1994
  3. Saul Bellow – 1976
  4. Thomas Mann – 1929
Peace (2)
  1. Maria Ressa – 2021
  2. Woodrow Wilson – 1919
  1. Woodrow Wilson – 1919

Nobel laureates by category

Nobel laureates in Physics

No.LaureateYearImageAffiliationRationale
292021Senior Meteorologist; Manabe has been on the faculty since 1968[11] "for the physical modeling of Earth’s climate, quantifying variability and reliably predicting global warming.”[12] (shared with Klaus Hasselmann and Giorgio Parisi)
282020Research Fellow (1959); Visiting Researcher (1960s)[13] "for the discovery that black hole formation is a robust prediction of the general theory of relativity."[14] (shared with Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez)
272019Ph.D. (1962); Albert Einstein Professor of Science, Emeritus; Peebles has been on the faculty since 1962[15] "for theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology."[16] (shared with Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz)
262018Researcher, Advanced Technology Center for Photonics and Opto-electronic Materials (1992 - 1997)[17] "for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses."[18] (shared with Gérard Mourou and Arthur Ashkin)
252017M.A. in physics (1963) and Ph.D. in physics (1965); Postdoctoral Researcher (1965 - 1966)[19] "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"[20] (shared with Rainer Weiss and Barry C. Barish)
242017Research Associate in Physics (1962 - 1964)[21] "for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves."[22] (shared with Kip Thorne and Barry C. Barish)
232016Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics (1990 - Present)[23] "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter"[24] (shared with David Thouless and J. Michael Kosterlitz)
22John M. Kosterlitz2016Visiting Professor (1978)[25] "for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter."[26] (shared with David Thouless and Duncan Haldane)
212015Professor of Physics (1982 - 1989)[27] "for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass"[28] (shared with Takaaki Kajita)
202004M.A. in mathematics (1972) and Ph.D. in physics (1975)[29] "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction" (shared with David Gross and H. David Politzer)
192004Assistant Professor to Associate Professor (1969 - 1986), and Eugene Higgins Professor of Physics (1986 - 1996)[30] "for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction" (shared with H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek)
182002Research Associate, Cosmic Ray Laboratory (1958 - 1959)[31] "for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources."[32] (shared with Masatoshi Koshiba and Raymond Davis Jr.)
171998Arthur Legrand Doty Professor of Electrical Engineering (1982 - Present)[33] "for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"[34] (shared with Robert B. Laughlin and Horst Ludwig Störmer)
161993Professor of Physics (1980 - 1986), James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Physics (1986 - 2006), Dean of Faculty (2000 - 2006), and James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Physics Emeritus (2006 - Present)[35] "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation" (shared with Russell Alan Hulse)
151993Principal research physicist, Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (1977 - 2007)[36] "for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation" (shared with Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.)
141980Assistant Professor of Physics (1958 - 1962), Associate Professor of Physics (1962 - 1964), and Professor of Physics (1964 - 1971)[37] "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons" (shared with Val Logsdon Fitch)
131980Instructor to Professor of Physics (1954 - 1960), Cyrus Fogg Brackett Professor (1976 - 1983), Chair of the Department of Physics (1976 - 1981), James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Physics (1983 - 2005), and James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Physics (2005 - 2015)[38] "for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons" (shared with James Cronin)
121979Ph.D. (1957)[39] "for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"[40] (shared with Sheldon Glashow and Abdus Salam)
111978Lecturer in Astrophysical Science (1967 - 1972), and Visiting Professor of Astrophysical Science (1972 - 1985)[41] "for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"[42] (shared with Pyotr Kapitsa and Robert Woodrow Wilson)
101977Joseph Henry Professor of Physics (1975 - 1997), and Emeritus Professor of Physics (1997 - 2020)[43] "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"[44] (shared with Nevill Francis Mott and John Hasbrouck Van Vleck)
91977Visiting Professor, Department of Physics (1937), taught a course for a semester[45] [46] [47] "for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems."[48] (shared with Nevill Francis Mott and Philip Warren Anderson)
1972Ph.D. (1936)[49] (*Another Physics prize in 1956)"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"[50] (shared with Leon Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer)
81965Ph.D. (1942)[51] "for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"[52] (shared with Sin-Itiro Tomonaga and Julian Schwinger)
71963Half-time Research Professor (1931 - 1934), Visiting Professor (1934 - 1936), Thomas D. Jones Professor of Mathematical Physics (1938 - 1971), and Thomas D. Jones Emeritus Professor of Mathematical Physics (1971 - 1995)[53] "for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"[54] (shared with Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen)
61961M.A. and Ph.D. (1938); Procter Fellow (1938 - 1939), and Assistant Professor of Physics (1946 - 1950)[55] "for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"[56] (shared with Rudolf Mössbauer)
51956Ph.D. (1936) (*Another Physics prize in 1972)"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"[57] (shared with William Shockley and Walter Houser Brattain)
41956Lecturer (1946)[58] "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect."[59] (shared with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain)
31937Ph.D. (1911)[60] "for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"[61] (shared with George Paget Thomson)
21928Professor of Physics (1906 - 1913)[62] "for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him."[63]
11927M.A. and Ph.D (1916)[64] "for his discovery of the effect named after him"[65] (shared with Charles Thomson Rees Wilson)

Nobel laureates in Chemistry

No.LaureateYearImageAffiliationRationale
112021Joined the faculty in 2006; James S. McDonnell Distinguished University Professor of Chemistry (2011 - Present)[66] "for the development of asymmetric organocatalysis"[67] (shared with Benjamin List)
102018B.S. in Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (1979)[68] "for the directed evolution of enzymes"[69] (shared with George P. Smith and Gregory P. Winter)
92015Postdoctoral researcher (1960s)[70] "for mechanistic studies of DNA repair"[71] (shared with Paul L. Modrich and Aziz Sancar)
82008Researcher, Department of Biology (1960 - 1982)[72] [73] "for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"[74] (shared with Martin Chalfie and Roger Tsien)
72002Professor of Mechanical Engineering (1959 - 1963), and Professor of Aerospace Sciences (1963 - 1966).[75] [76] "for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules."[77] (shared with Koichi Tanaka and Kurt Wüthrich)
61996Ph.D. (1974)[78] "for their discovery of fullerenes"[79] (shared with Robert Curl and Harold Kroto)
51995Instructor, Department of Chemistry (1952 - 1956)[80] "for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone."[81] (shared with Mario J. Molina and Paul J. Crutzen)
41986Research Associate (1954 - 1956)[82] "for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes."[83] (shared with Yuan T. Lee and Dudley R. Herschbach)
31960Guggenheim Memorial Foundation Fellow (Fall 1941)[84] "for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science."[85]
21951Ph.D. (1933)[86] "for their discoveries in the chemistry of transuranium elements"[87] (shared with Glenn T. Seaborg)
11948Rockefeller Fellow at H.S. Taylor's laboratory (1936)[88] "for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins."[89]

Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine

No.LaureateYearImageAffiliationRationale
42013E.R. Squibb Professor of Molecular Biology (1988 - 1991)[90] "for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells"[91] (shared with Randy Schekman and Thomas C. Südhof)
31995Professor (1981 - Present)[92] "for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"[93] (shared with Edward B. Lewis and Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard)
21969Guggenheim Fellow (1943)[94] [95] "for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses."[96] (shared with Max Delbrück and Alfred Hershey)
11950Visiting Professor of Chemistry (1951 - 1972)[97] [98] "for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects."[99] (shared with Philip Showalter Hench and Tadeusz Reichstein)

Nobel Memorial Prize laureates in Economics

No.LaureateYearImageAffiliationRationale
27Ben Bernanke2022Professor of Economics (1985 - 2002)[100] "for research on banks and financial crises."[101] (shared with Douglas Diamond and Philip Dybvig)
26Philip Dybvig2022Assistant Professor of Economics (1980 - 1981)[102] "for research on banks and financial crises."[103] (shared with Ben Bernanke and Douglas Diamond)
25David Card2021Ph.D. (1983); Professor of Economics (1983 - 1997)[104] "for his empirical contributions to labor economics."[105] (shared with Joshua Angrist and Guido Imbens)
24Joshua Angrist2021Ph.D. (1989)"for their methodological contributions to the analysis of causal relationships."[106] (shared with David Card and Guido Imbens)
23Esther Duflo2019Visitor (2001 - 2002)[107] "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty."[108] (shared with Michael Kremer and Abhijit Banerjee)
22Abhijit Banerjee2019Assistant Professor (1988 - 1992)[109] "for their experimental approach to alleviating global poverty."[110] (shared with Michael Kremer and Esther Duflo)
212016Ph.D. (1974)[111] "for their contributions to contract theory"[112] (shared with Bengt R. Holmström)
202015Dwight D. Eisenhower Professor of Economics and International Affairs (1983 - Present)[113] "for his analysis of consumption, poverty, and welfare"[114]
19Jean Tirole2014Visiting Scholar (Spring 2002)[115] "for his analysis of market power and regulation."[116]
182012Ph.D. (1953); Fine Instructor (1952 - 1954)[117] "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design"[118] (shared with Alvin E. Roth)
172011Professor of Economics (1999 - Present)[119] "for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy" (shared with Thomas Sargent)
162011Visiting professor of economics (2010 and Fall 2011); taught several courses[120] "for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy" (shared with Christopher Sims)
15Chris Pissarides2010Visitor, Industrial Relations Section (1984)[121] [122] "for their analysis of markets with search frictions."[123] (shared with Peter Diamond and Dale T. Mortensen)
142008Professor of Economics and International Affairs (since 2000)[124] [125] "for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity."[126]
132007Visiting Lecturer in Economics (2000 - 2012)[127] "for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory."[128] (shared with Leonid Hurwicz and Roger Myerson)
12Robert Aumann2005Research Associate (1960 - 1961)[129] "for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis."[130] (shared with Thomas Schelling)
112003Harkness Fellow (1959 - 1960)[131] [132] "for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)."[133] (shared with Robert F. Engle)
102002Eugene Higgins Professor of Psychology and professor of public affairs (1993 -)[134] "for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty."[135] (shared with Vernon L. Smith)
92001B.A. in philosophy[136] [137] "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information."[138] (shared with George Akerlof and Joseph Stiglitz)
82001Professor of Economics (1979 - 1988)[139] "for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information."[140] (shared with George Akerlof and Michael Spence)
72000M.A. (1968) and Ph.D. (1971)[141] "for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples."[142] (shared with Daniel McFadden)
61994Ph.D. (1950); Senior research mathematician[143] "for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games."[144] (shared with John Harsanyi and Reinhard Selten)
51992B.A. (1951)[145] "for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including non-market behaviour."[146]
4Lawrence Klein1980Visiting Professor (Spring 1966)[147] "for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies."[148]
3W. Arthur Lewis1979Lewis was on the faculty from 1963 to 1983; he was appointed professor of economics and international affairs, and later became James Madison Professor of Political Economy[149] [150] "for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries."[151] (shared with Theodore Schultz)
2Herbert A. Simon1978Visiting Fellow, Council of Humanities (1981 - 1982)[152] "for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations."[153]
1Tjalling Koopmans1975Research Associate (1940 - 1941)[154] "for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources."[155] (shared with Leonid Kantorovich)

Nobel laureates in Literature

No.LaureateYearImageAffiliationRationale
62010Distinguished Visitor, Program in Latin American Studies (Fall 2010); Llosa was on the faculty in 1992, and was associated with the Program in Latin American Studies for several years[156] "for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"[157]
5Kenzaburō Ōe1994Visiting Lecturer (1997)[158] "who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today."[159]
41993Robert F. Goheen Professor in the Humanities (1989 - 2019)[160] [161] "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"[162]
3Saul Bellow1976Creative Writing Fellow (1952 - 1953)[163] "for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work."[164]
21936Undergraduate attendee (1906 - 1907)[165] "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy"[166]
11929Lecturer in Humanities (1938 - 1940); D.Litt. honoris causa (1939)[167] "principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"[168]

Nobel Peace Prize laureates

No.LaureateYear Image Affiliation Rationale
22021B.A. in English and a certificate in theater and dance (1986)[169] "for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace."[170] (shared with Dmitry Muratov)
11919B.A. (1879); Wilson was a professor of jurisprudence and political economy, and was president of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910[171] 28th President of the United States; "for his role as founder of the League of Nations."

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Alfred Nobel  - The Man Behind the Nobel Prize. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2007-10-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20071025001741/http://nobelprize.org/alfred_nobel/. live.
  2. Web site: The Nobel Prize. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20081015012957/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/. live.
  3. Web site: Nobel Peace Prize 1919. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2009-02-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20090220010401/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1919/index.html. live.
  4. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1980. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-12-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20081211004721/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1980/index.html. live.
  5. Web site: Nobel Prize in Literature 1993. Nobel Foundation. 2018-10-04. 2018-10-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20181005090924/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1993/summary/. live.
  6. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2004. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20081024052705/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2004/index.html. live.
  7. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2011. Nobel Foundation. 2011-11-18. 2011-11-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20111112142337/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2011/index.html. live.
  8. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021. Nobel Foundation. 2021-10-12. 2021-10-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20211011235153/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/press-release/. live.
  9. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2022. Nobel Foundation. 2022-10-12. 2022-10-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20221012092548/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2022/press-release/. live.
  10. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-08. 2020-05-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20200531174517/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/bardeen/facts/. live.
  11. Web site: 'Great fun': Manabe wins Nobel Prize in physics for modeling climate change. Princeton University. en. 2021-10-12. 2021-10-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20211012011605/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2021/10/05/great-fun-manabe-wins-nobel-prize-physics-modeling-climate-change. live.
  12. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2021. nobelprize.org. en-US. 2021-10-12. 2023-08-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20230829031640/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2021/manabe/facts/. live.
  13. Web site: Roger Penrose – Biography. 2020-10-06. Maths History. en. 2020-10-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20201008122312/https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Penrose/. live.
  14. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2020. nobelprize.org. en-US. 2020-10-06. 2021-12-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20211214070813/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2020/penrose/facts/. live.
  15. Web site: Princeton's James Peebles receives Nobel Prize in Physics. Princeton University. en. 2019-10-08. 2019-10-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20191009054158/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2019/10/08/princetons-james-peebles-receives-nobel-prize-physics. live.
  16. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2020-07-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20200715180355/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2019/peebles/facts/. live.
  17. Web site: Donna T. Strickland. www.osa.org. 2018-10-02. 2018-10-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20181002141647/https://www.osa.org/en-us/history/biographies/donna-t-strickland/. live.
  18. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2018. nobelprize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2020-05-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20200518160051/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2018/strickland/facts/. live.
  19. Web site: Kip S. Thorne: Curriculum Vitae. www.its.caltech.edu. 2017-12-15. 2017-09-23. https://web.archive.org/web/20170923193942/https://www.its.caltech.edu/~kip/index.html/cv.html. live.
  20. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017. nobelprize.org. 2018-10-04. 2018-08-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20180812042721/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2017/. live.
  21. Web site: Weiss, Rainer . The American Institute of Physics . 26 January 2022 . 28 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211128140554/https://history.aip.org/phn/11603006.html . live .
  22. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2017. nobelprize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2020-06-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20200602032404/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2017/weiss/facts/. live.
  23. Web site: Haldane, F. Duncan M.. The American Institute of Physics. 2017-12-16. 2021-10-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20211007014320/https://history.aip.org/phn/11507033.html. live.
  24. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016. Nobelprize.org. 2016-10-07. 2016-10-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20161004100515/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2016/. live.
  25. Web site: C.V. (J.M. Kosterlitz). Brown University. 2019-10-08. 2020-10-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20201015225108/https://vivo.brown.edu/docs/drrb/1143831933.pdf. live.
  26. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2016. nobelprize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2020-06-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20200605210729/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2016/kosterlitz/facts/. live.
  27. Web site: Arthur B. McDonald – Facts . nobelprize.org . 26 January 2022 . 9 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200609131846/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/mcdonald/facts/ . live .
  28. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015. Nobel Foundation. 2018-10-04. 2018-10-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20181004204858/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2015/summary. live.
  29. Web site: Wilczek, Frank . The American Institute of Physics . 26 January 2022 . 28 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211128145109/https://history.aip.org/phn/11604015.html . live .
  30. Web site: Gross, David J. (David Jonathan). The American Institute of Physics. 2017-12-20. 2017-12-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051803/https://history.aip.org/phn/11512017.html. live.
  31. Web site: Riccardo Giacconi – Curriculum Vitae. Nobelprize.org. 2017-12-20. 2017-12-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052525/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2002/giacconi-cv.html. live.
  32. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 2002. nobelprize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2020-05-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20200520222901/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/2002/giacconi/facts/. live.
  33. Web site: Tsui, D. C. (Daniel Chee), 1939-. The American Institute of Physics. 2017-12-21. 2017-12-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222051947/https://history.aip.org/phn/11506003.html. live.
  34. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1998. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-12-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20081211005110/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1998/index.html. live.
  35. Web site: Taylor, Joseph H. (Joseph Hooton). The American Institute of Physics. 2017-12-22. 2017-12-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105603/https://history.aip.org/phn/11610005.html. live.
  36. Web site: Hulse, R. A.. The American Institute of Physics. 2017-12-22. 2017-12-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20171222105552/https://history.aip.org/phn/11602001.html. live.
  37. Web site: Cronin, James W., 1931-. The American Institute of Physics. 2017-12-28. 2017-12-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20171229112157/https://history.aip.org/phn/11502005.html. live.
  38. Web site: Fitch, Val L., 1923-2015. The American Institute of Physics. 2017-12-28. 2017-12-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20171229112250/https://history.aip.org/phn/11509012.html. live.
  39. Web site: CV of Steven Weinberg. University of Texas at Austin. 2019-10-08. 2020-11-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20201129134514/https://web2.ph.utexas.edu/~weintech/CVSW0416.pdf. dead.
  40. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1979. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2009-02-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20090226040152/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1979/index.html. live.
  41. Web site: Penzias, Arno A.. The American Institute of Physics. 2017-12-29. 2017-12-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20171229172346/https://history.aip.org/phn/11506004.html. live.
  42. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1978. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20081021034833/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1978/index.html. live.
  43. Web site: Anderson, P. W. (Philip W.), 1923-. The American Institute of Physics. 2018-01-02. 2018-01-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20180103072625/https://history.aip.org/phn/11409010.html. live.
  44. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-09-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20080919014515/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1977/index.html. live.
  45. Web site: Van Vleck, J. H. (John Hasbrouck), 1899-1980. The American Institute of Physics. 2018-01-02. 2020-10-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20201014071740/https://history.aip.org/phn/11407003.html. live.
  46. Web site: John H. Van Vleck – Session I. 2015-04-29. www.aip.org. en. 2019-10-08. 2020-10-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20201017005719/https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/4931-1. live.
  47. Bleaney . Brebis . Brebis Bleaney . 1982 . John Hasbrouck Van Vleck. 13 March 1899 – 27 October 1980 . . 28 . 627–665 . 0080-4606. 769913 . 10.1098/rsbm.1982.0024 . free.
  48. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1977. nobelprize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2020-06-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20200613185056/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1977/vleck/facts/. live.
  49. Web site: John Bardeen – Curriculum Vitae. nobelprize.org. 2018-01-02. 2018-01-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20180109064411/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1972/bardeen-cv.html. live.
  50. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1972. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-09-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20080919014509/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1972/index.html. live.
  51. Web site: Feynman, Richard P. (Richard Phillips), 1918-1988. The American Institute of Physics. 2018-01-03. 2018-01-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20180104013929/https://history.aip.org/phn/11509003.html. live.
  52. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1965. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20081021034818/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1965/index.html. live.
  53. Web site: Wigner, Eugene Paul, 1902-1995. The American Institute of Physics. 2018-01-04. 2018-01-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20180105011540/https://history.aip.org/phn/11502016.html. live.
  54. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1963. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20081022204155/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1963/index.html. live.
  55. Web site: Hofstadter, Robert, 1915-1990. The American Institute of Physics. 2018-01-04. 2018-01-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20180105011444/https://history.aip.org/phn/11601013.html. live.
  56. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1961. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-11-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20081104055012/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1961/index.html. live.
  57. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-09-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20080914090334/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1956/index.html. live.
  58. Web site: Shockley, William, 1910-1989. The American Institute of Physics. 2018-01-04. 2018-01-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20180105011821/https://history.aip.org/phn/11605007.html. live.
  59. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1956. nobelprize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-10-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20191004015822/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1956/shockley/facts/. live.
  60. Web site: Davisson, Clinton Joseph, 1881-1958. The American Institute of Physics. 2018-01-06. 2018-01-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20180107120104/https://history.aip.org/phn/11506012.html. live.
  61. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1937. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-09-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20080914090118/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1937/index.html. live.
  62. Web site: Owen Willans Richardson – Biographical. Nobelprize.org. 2018-01-07. 2018-01-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20180107233034/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1928/richardson-bio.html. live.
  63. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physics 1928. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-11-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20191103021047/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/physics/1928/richardson/facts/. live.
  64. Web site: Compton, Arthur Holly, 1892-1962. The American Institute of Physics. 2018-01-07. 2018-01-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20180108062537/https://history.aip.org/phn/11403003.html. live.
  65. Web site: Nobel Prize in Physics 1927. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-12-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20081201041754/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1927/index.html. live.
  66. Web site: David MacMillan. Princeton University. 2021-10-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20211012011354/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2021/10/06/idea-took-macmillan-wins-nobel-prize-opening-huge-new-field-chemistry. 2021-10-12. dead.
  67. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2021. Nobelprize.org. 2021-10-12. 2021-10-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20211011133820/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2021/macmillan/facts/. live.
  68. Web site: Frances H. Arnold. Caltech. 2019-10-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20181005025354/http://www.che.caltech.edu/faculty/arnold_f/index.html. 2018-10-05. dead.
  69. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2018. Nobelprize.org. 2018-10-03.
  70. Web site: Tomas Lindahl – Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 2018-01-14. 2018-01-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20180115072130/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2015/lindahl-bio.html. live.
  71. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015. Nobelprize.org. 2016-01-10. 2017-06-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20170615224214/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2015/. live.
  72. Web site: Osamu Shimomura – Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 2018-01-16. 2018-01-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20180117070925/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/shimomura-bio.html. live.
  73. Web site: Nobel goes to former Princeton researcher for discovery made here . Princeton University . 5 February 2022 . 5 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220205131828/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2008/10/08/nobel-goes-former-princeton-researcher-discovery-made-here . live .
  74. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20081009163219/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2008/index.html. live.
  75. Web site: John B. Fenn 1917–2010 . Nasonline.org . 5 February 2022 . 20 December 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161220053755/http://www.nasonline.org/publications/biographical-memoirs/memoir-pdfs/fenn-john.pdf . live .
  76. Web site: John B. Fenn – Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 2018-01-18. 2018-07-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20180724032950/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2002/fenn-bio.html. live.
  77. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2002. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-10-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20191008205051/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/2002/fenn/facts/. live.
  78. Web site: The Smalley Group – Rice University. cohesion.rice.edu. 2018-01-19. 2021-10-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20211030093131/https://cohesion.rice.edu/naturalsciences/smalley/smalley.cfm?doc_id=5111. dead.
  79. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1996. Nobel Foundation. 2018-10-04. 2018-12-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20181205110334/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1996/summary/. live.
  80. Web site: F. Sherwood Rowland – Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 2018-01-20. 2018-06-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20180612144005/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1995/rowland-bio.html. live.
  81. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1995. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-07-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20190711083119/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1995/rowland/facts/. live.
  82. Web site: John C. Polanyi – Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 2018-01-22. 2018-01-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20180122125928/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1986/polanyi-bio.html. live.
  83. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1986. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-10-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20191008133102/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1986/polanyi/facts/. live.
  84. Web site: Willard F. Libby – Biographical . nobelprize.org . 10 February 2022 . 8 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180808112904/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1960/libby-bio.html . live .
  85. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1960 . Nobel Foundation . 10 February 2022 . 22 May 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200522191749/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1960/summary/ . live .
  86. Web site: Edwin M. McMillan – Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 2018-01-28. 2017-06-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20170624104734/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/mcmillan-bio.html. live.
  87. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1951. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-11-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20081104054538/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1951/index.html. live.
  88. Web site: Arne Tiselius – Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 2018-01-29. 2017-10-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20171002071828/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1948/tiselius-bio.html. live.
  89. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1948. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2023-10-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20231004094123/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/chemistry/1948/tiselius/facts/. live.
  90. Web site: James E Rothman, PhD > Rothman Lab Cell Biology Yale School of Medicine. medicine.yale.edu. en. 2018-02-05. 2016-10-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20161001102922/http://medicine.yale.edu/lab/rothman/people/james_rothman.profile. live.
  91. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2013. Nobel Foundation. 2011-11-18. 2018-03-25. https://web.archive.org/web/20180325105701/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/2013/. live.
  92. Web site: C.V. (Eric F. Wieschaus) . Princeton University . 5 February 2022 . 20 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211020065601/https://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/wieschauslab/files/ewieschuas-cv-2014_copy.pdf . live .
  93. Web site: Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1995. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2012-03-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20120302025113/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1995/. live.
  94. Web site: Salvador E. Luria – Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 2018-02-21. 2018-02-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20180222045451/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1969/luria-bio.html. live.
  95. Web site: John Simon Guggenheim Foundation Salvador E. Luria. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2017-08-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20170829080511/https://www.gf.org/fellows/all-fellows/salvador-e-luria/. live.
  96. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1969. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-07-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20190708021802/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1969/luria/facts/. live.
  97. Web site: Edward C. Kendall – Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 2018-02-24. 2018-02-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20180213080713/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1950/kendall-bio.html. live.
  98. Web site: Edward C. Kendall (1886—1972).
  99. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1950. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-08-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20190831014236/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/1950/kendall/facts/. live.
  100. Web site: Ben Bernanke, former Princeton professor and economics department chair, receives Nobel Prize in economic sciences . Princeton University . 10 October 2022 . 10 October 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221010112621/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2022/10/10/ben-bernanke-former-princeton-professor-and-economics-department-chair-receives . live .
  101. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2022. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2021-10-12. 2022-10-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20221010103813/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2022/bernanke/facts/. live.
  102. Web site: Nobel Prize, Economics . Princeton University . 10 October 2022 . 15 May 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170515203643/http://www.princeton.edu/main/about/facts/honorary/ . live .
  103. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2022. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2021-10-12. 2022-10-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20221010103837/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2022/dybvig/facts/. live.
  104. Web site: Princeton alumni Card and Angrist win the 2021 Nobel Prize in economic sciences . Princeton University . 5 February 2022 . 22 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211222200607/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2021/10/11/princeton-alumni-card-and-angrist-win-2021-nobel-prize-economic-sciences . live .
  105. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2021-10-12. 2021-10-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20211011124546/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/card/facts/. live.
  106. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2021. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2021-10-12. 2023-06-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20230610023539/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2021/angrist/facts/. live.
  107. Web site: C.V. (Esther Duflo). dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20180809223646/http://economics.mit.edu/files/14455. 2018-08-09. MIT.
  108. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-10-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20191014101755/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/duflo/facts/. live.
  109. Web site: CV (Abhijit Banerjee). dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20191014134104/https://economics.mit.edu/files/14956. 2019-10-14. MIT.
  110. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2019. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2020-06-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608092317/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2019/banerjee/facts/. live.
  111. Web site: C.V. (Oliver Hart) . Harvard University . 5 February 2022 . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211209143319/https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/hart/files/cv_january_2017.pdf . live .
  112. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2016. Nobelprize.org. 2018-10-04.
  113. Web site: C.V. (Angus Deaton) . Princeton University . 7 February 2022 . 19 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220119192136/http://www.princeton.edu/~deaton/downloads/deaton_cv_aug13.pdf . live .
  114. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2015. Nobel Foundation. 2018-10-04.
  115. Web site: C.V. (Jean Tirole) . tse-fr.eu . 7 February 2022 . 18 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220118232919/https://www.tse-fr.eu/sites/default/files/TSE/documents/doc/cv/tirole_en.pdf . live .
  116. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2014. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-09-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20190919074504/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2014/tirole/facts/. live.
  117. Web site: C.V. (Lloyd S. Shapely) . UCLA . 7 February 2022 . 10 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510043743/http://www.econ.ucla.edu/shapley/ShapleyBio.1.html . live .
  118. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2012. Nobel Foundation. 2018-10-04. 2018-10-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20181004190113/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economics/2012/summary. live.
  119. Web site: C.V. (Christopher A. Sims) . Princeton University . 7 February 2022 . 20 July 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110720030512/http://sims.princeton.edu/yftp/vita4web.pdf . live .
  120. Web site: 1:10 P.M. OCT. 10 UPDATE – Princeton's Sims wins Nobel in economics with visiting professor Sargent. Princeton University. en. 2019-10-08. 2019-10-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20191009184916/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2011/10/10/110-pm-oct-10-update-princetons-sims-wins-nobel-economics-visiting-professor. live.
  121. Web site: C.V. (Christopher Pissarides) . legacy.iza.org . 7 February 2022 . 27 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211127003811/https://legacy.iza.org/iza/en/webcontent/personnel/vitae/pissarides_cv.pdf . live .
  122. Web site: Christopher A. Pissarides – Biographical . nobelprize.org . 7 February 2022 . 21 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220121024612/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2010/pissarides/biographical/ . live .
  123. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2010. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2020-04-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20200416222050/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2010/pissarides/facts/. live.
  124. Web site: Paul Krugman – Biographical . nobelprize.org . 7 February 2022 . 7 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220207093341/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2008/krugman/biographical/ . live .
  125. Web site: Princeton's Paul Krugman wins Nobel in economics . Princeton University . 7 February 2022 . 7 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220207093341/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2008/10/13/princetons-paul-krugman-wins-nobel-economics-0 . live .
  126. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2008. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-14. 2008-10-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20081014114055/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2008/. live.
  127. Web site: C.V. (Eric S. Maskin) . Harvard University . 7 February 2022 . 9 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211209135839/https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/maskin/files/e._maskin_cv_october_2014.pdf . live .
  128. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2007. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20081016023623/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2007/. live.
  129. Web site: CV (Robert J. Aumann). Einstein Institute of Mathematics. 18 May 2017. 24 August 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170824062426/http://www.ma.huji.ac.il/raumann/cv.htm. live.
  130. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2005. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-07-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20190708145229/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2005/aumann/facts/. live.
  131. Web site: Clive William John Granger 1934–2009 . thebritishacademy.ac.uk . 10 February 2022 . 28 October 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211028214522/https://www.thebritishacademy.ac.uk/documents/1476/17_Granger.pdf . live .
  132. Web site: Clive W.J. Granger – Biographical . nobelprize.org . 10 February 2022 . 10 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220210165119/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2003/granger/biographical/ . live .
  133. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2003 . Nobel Foundation . 10 February 2022 . 10 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220210165122/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2003/granger/facts/ . live .
  134. Web site: C.V. (Daniel Kahneman) . Princeton University . 10 February 2022 . 3 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220603175325/https://scholar.princeton.edu/sites/default/files/kahneman/files/dkahnemancv.pdf . live .
  135. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2002. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20081017212659/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2002/. live.
  136. Web site: A. Michael Spence – Biographical . nobelprize.org . 10 February 2022 . 10 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220210085315/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/spence/biographical/ . live .
  137. Web site: A. Michael Spence . Stanford University . 10 February 2022 . 13 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220213011432/http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/faculty-research/faculty/michael-spence . live .
  138. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2001. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20081017151104/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2001/. live.
  139. Web site: C.V. (Joseph Stiglitz) . Columbia University . 10 February 2022 . 6 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211206013335/https://www8.gsb.columbia.edu/faculty/jstiglitz/sites/jstiglitz/files/Stiglitz%20CV%20May%202019_0.pdf . live .
  140. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2001. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-09-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20190907040505/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/2001/stiglitz/facts/. live.
  141. Web site: C.V. (James Heckman) . University of Chicago . 10 February 2022 . 13 September 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150913043858/http://jenni.uchicago.edu/home_page/vitae.pdf . live .
  142. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2000. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20081019023407/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/2000/. live.
  143. Web site: John F. Nash Jr. – Biographical. www.nobelprize.org. 2017-12-12. 2018-06-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20180613235515/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1994/nash-bio.html. live.
  144. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1994. Nobel Foundation. 2018-10-04. 2018-10-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20181004230224/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economics/1994/summary/. live.
  145. Web site: C.V. (Gary S. Becker) . legacy.iza.org . 10 February 2022 . 12 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211112064448/https://legacy.iza.org/files/becker_cv . live .
  146. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1992. Nobel Foundation. 2018-10-04. 2018-10-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20181005041417/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economics/1992/summary/. live.
  147. Book: Lives of the Laureates: Twenty-three Nobel Economists. Breit. William. Hirsch. Barry T.. 2009. 16. MIT Press. 9780262012768. en.
  148. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1980. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-03-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20190331203622/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1980/klein/facts/. live.
  149. Web site: Legacy of Nobel laureate Sir W. Arthur Lewis commemorated at Robertson Hall . Princeton University . 10 February 2022 . 3 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220203192026/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2018/04/19/legacy-nobel-laureate-sir-w-arthur-lewis-commemorated-robertson-hall . live .
  150. Web site: Sir Arthur Lewis – Biographical. nobelprize.org. 2017-12-14. 2017-12-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20171214124941/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economic-sciences/laureates/1979/lewis-bio.html. live.
  151. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1979. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-09-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20080917102928/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1979/. live.
  152. Web site: Princeton University, Department Of Philosophy, Faculty Since 1949. philosophy.princeton.edu. 2022-09-21. 2020-09-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20200918205523/https://philosophy.princeton.edu/about/faculty-1949. live.
  153. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1978. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2022-09-21. 2020-05-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20200521000911/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1978/summary/. live.
  154. Book: Tjalling Charles Koopmans Biographical Memoirs V.67 The National Academies Press. 1995. 978-0-309-05238-2. en. 10.17226/4894. 2019-10-08. 2020-02-18. https://web.archive.org/web/20200218142730/https://www.nap.edu/read/4894/chapter/14#274. live.
  155. Web site: The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 1975. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-07-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20190711075213/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/economic-sciences/1975/koopmans/facts/. live.
  156. News: Princeton Distinguished Visitor Vargas Llosa wins Nobel in literature -- UPDATED 11:06 A.M.. Princeton University. 2018-03-11. en. 2017-08-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20170807235347/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2010/10/07/princeton-distinguished-visitor-vargas-llosa-wins-nobel-literature-updated-1106-am?section=topstories. live.
  157. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010. Nobel Foundation. 2011-11-18. 2020-12-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20201211163931/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/2010/summary/. live.
  158. Web site: Princeton – PWB 030397 – Nobel laureate in literature teaches about intellectual life of his native Japan. pr.princeton.edu. 2019-04-17. 2019-04-17. https://web.archive.org/web/20190417203911/https://pr.princeton.edu/pwb/97/0303/0303-oe.html. live.
  159. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1994. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-10-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20191011170448/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1994/oe/facts/. live.
  160. Web site: Toni Morrison, Nobel-winning author and emeritus Princeton faculty member, dies at 88 . Princeton University . 10 February 2022 . 10 February 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220210211750/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2019/08/06/toni-morrison-nobel-winning-author-and-emeritus-princeton-faculty-member-dies-88 . live .
  161. Web site: Toni Morrison Dean of the Faculty. dof.princeton.edu. en. 2018-03-12. 2018-03-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20180316035838/https://dof.princeton.edu/about/clerk-faculty/emeritus/toni-morrison. live.
  162. Web site: Nobel Prize in Literature 1993. Nobel Foundation. 2018-10-04. 2018-10-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20181005031438/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1993/summary/. live.
  163. Web site: Saul Bellow – Biographical. nobelprize.org. 2018-03-13. 2018-02-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20180224233345/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1976/bellow-bio.html. live.
  164. Web site: The Nobel Prize in Literature 1976. NobelPrize.org. en-US. 2019-10-19. 2019-04-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20190401161039/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1976/bellow/facts/. live.
  165. Web site: Eugene O'Neill – Biographical. nobelprize.org. 2016-11-03. 2016-11-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20161104075953/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1936/oneill-bio.html. live.
  166. Web site: Nobel Prize in Literature 1936. Nobel Foundation. 2008-10-18. 2008-10-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20081011192835/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1936/index.html. live.
  167. Web site: History – Princeton German Department. german.princeton.edu. 2022-09-21. 2019-12-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20191205225656/https://german.princeton.edu/department/about/history. live.
  168. Web site: Nobel Prize in Literature 1929. Nobel Foundation. 2022-09-21. 2022-02-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20220205035240/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1929/summary/. live.
  169. Web site: Princeton alumna Maria Ressa wins Nobel Peace Prize . Princeton University . 10 February 2022 . 22 December 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211222200524/https://www.princeton.edu/news/2021/10/08/princeton-alumna-maria-ressa-wins-nobel-peace-prize . live .
  170. Web site: Maria Ressa. nobelprize.org. 2021-10-11. 2021-10-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20211008091028/https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2021/ressa/facts/. live.
  171. Web site: Woodrow Wilson – Biographical. nobelprize.org. 2018-03-11. 2018-03-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20180311143210/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/peace/laureates/1919/wilson-bio.html. live.