List of Native American politicians explained

This is a list of Native American politicians in the United States. These are Native Americans who served in the federal, state, or municipal governments.

Native American identity is a complex and contested issue. The Bureau of Indian Affairs defines Native American as having American Indian or Alaska Native ancestry. Legally, being Native American is defined as being enrolled in a federally recognized tribe or Alaskan village. These entities establish their own membership rules, and they vary. Each must be understood independently. Ethnologically, factors such as culture, history, language, religion, and familial kinships can influence Native American identity.^[1]

All individuals on this list should have Native American ancestry. Historical figures might predate tribal enrollment practices and may be included based on reliable sources that document ethnological tribal membership. Any contemporary individuals should either be enrolled members of federally recognized tribes, or have cited Native American ancestry and be recognized as Native American by their respective tribes(s). Contemporary individuals who are not enrolled in a tribe but are documented as having tribal descent are listed as being "of descent" from a tribe.

For tribal leaders, please go to that tribe's article.

Federal offices

Executive branch

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
		1806–1881				Choctaw Ambassador to the United States, 1845–1861, 1866–1881
					National Union^[2]
		1828–1895				Commissioner of Indian Affairs in the Grant administration
		1860–1936					U.S. Vice President, 1929–1933
		1906–1990					Interim Commissioner of Indian Affairs, 1976–1977
		1919–1987				Special assistant to Secretary of the Interior Rogers Morton, 1971–1975
		1935–2023				6th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, 1993–1997
		1935–				8th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, 2001–2003
		1943–					4th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, 1985–1989 Special Trustee for American Indians at the U.S. Department of the Interior
		1948–				11th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, 2009–2012
		1953–	Lac Courte Oreilles Ojibwe				9th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, 2004–2005
		1953–					45th Treasurer of the United States, 2022–present
		1955–				7th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, 1997–2001
		1960–				54th United States Secretary of the Interior, 2021–present
		1964–				Director of the Tribal Health Research Office at the National Institutes of Health, 2023–present
		1965–					10th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, 2007–2008
		1965–				U.S. representative to the United Nations Human Rights Council, 2014–2017
		1966–				White House Senior Policy Advisor for Native American Affairs, 2009–2012
		1967–				12th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, 2012–2016
		1973–					13th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, 2018–2021
						Liaison to Secretary John Kerry, US Department of State^[3]
							14th Assistant Secretary of the Interior for Indian Affairs, 2021–present
						Commissioner of the Administration for Native Americans and Deputy Assistant Secretary for Native American Affairs, Associate Commissioner of the National Indian Gaming Commission
							Director of the Indian Health Service, 2022–present

Legislative branch

See main article: List of Native Americans in the United States Congress.

State offices

Alaska

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
Albert P. Adams		1942–2012				State representative 1981–1989, state senator 1989–2001
Billy Akers		1947–				State representative 1977–1979
		1929–2022			Republican	State representative 1981–1983
Nels A. Anderson, Jr.		1939–			Democratic	State representative 1975–1981, state senator 1982–1983
		1912–1960	Inupiaq		Democratic	Territorial representative 1949–1951, territorial senator 1951–1959, state senator and president of the state senate 1959–1960
Ray Christiansen		1922–1998	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1961–1967, state senator 1967–1973
Joseph Chuckwuk		1948–	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1981–1983
		1915–1999	Inupiaq		Republican	State representative 1959–1961
Larry T. Davis		1930–2006	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1975–1977
Chuck Degnan		1941–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1971–1975
Frank Degnan		1901–1980			Democratic	Territorial representative 1951–1953
		1961–	Yup'ik<	--Likely Yup’ik, sources needed to confirm that-->		Democratic	State representative 2007–present, speaker of the state house 2017–2021
					Independent
Charles Fagerstrom		1905–1962	Inupiaq		Democratic	Territorial representative 1953–1957, state representative 1959–1961
Frank R. Ferguson		1939–2003	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1971–1975, state senator 1975–1986
					Independent
		1972–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 2009–present
		1946–2009	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1989–2009
Charles Franz		c. 1910–1996			Democratic	State representative 1959–1961
Phillip Guy		1941–2011	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1973–1981
		1941–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1967–1971, state senator 1971–1975 and 1987–1989
		1953–			Democratic	State representative 1983–1989
Jimmy Hoffman		c. 1925–1982	Yup’ik		Republican	State representative 1959–1961
		1950–	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1987–1991 and 1993–1995, state senator 1991–1993 and 1995–present
Andrew Hope		1896–1968			Democratic	Territorial representative 1945–1953 and 1957–1959, state representative 1959–1963
		1922–1980	Inupiaq		Democratic	Territorial representative 1957–1959, state senator 1959–1967
Jimmy Huntington		1916–1987			Independent	State representative 1975–1977
Percy Ipalook		1906–1990	Inupiaq		Republican	Territorial representative 1949–1951, territorial senator 1951–1955
		1943–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1975–1977
		1945–	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1991–1993 and 1995–1999
		1959–	Aleut	Democratic	State representative 1989–1993, state senator 1993–1995
			Dena'ina
			Yup’ik
Arthur D. Johnson		1920–1961			Republican	State representative 1961
Axel C. Johnson		1911–1985	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1959–1961 and 1963–1967
Frank G. Johnson		1894–1982	Tlingit		Republican	Territorial representative 1947–1955 and 1957–1959
Frank L. Johnson		c. 1904–	Inupiaq		Republican	Territorial representative 1949–1951
Grace A. Johnson		1924–2004	Inupiaq		Republican	State representative 1962–1963
		1952–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1997–2012
		1964–	Tlingit		Democratic	State representative 2014–2019
		1948–2021	Tlingit		Democratic	State representative 1997–2005, state senator 2005–2013
		1917–1996			Republican	State representative 1973–1975
		1950–	Alutiiq		Republican	State representative 1989–1993, state senator 1993–2002, lieutenant governor 2002–2006
		1943–			Democratic	State representative 1991–1993, state senator 1993–2005
		1981–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 2018–2021
					Independent
Don Long		1944–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1996–1997
		1962–			Democratic	State representative 1991–1997, state senator 1997–2001
					Republican
		1949–1996	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1989–1995
		1943–2020	Tlingit		Democratic	Commissioner of community and regional affairs 1972–1974, lieutenant governor 2014–2018
					Independent
		1963–			Republican	State representative 1995–2005
		1964–	Inupiaq		Republican	State representative 2009–2019
		1937–2022	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1971–1973
Carl M. Morgan		1950–	Yup’ik		Republican	State representative 1999–2005
		1929–2014	Aleut			State representative 1965–1973 and 1993–2007
					Democratic
					Republican
		1950–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 2013–2017
		1947–2000	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1977–1979
Ed Naughton		1930–2002			Democratic	State representative 1971–1977
Irene Nicholia		1956–	Koyukon		Democratic	State representative 1993–1999
		1927–1981	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1959–1963
		1953–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State senator 2001–present
		1915–2005			Democratic	State representative 1975–1981
		1980–	Tinglit		Democratic	State representative 2017–2019
		1994–	Inupiaq^[4]			State representative 2020–present
		1933–2017	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1968–1971
		1885–1977	Tlingit		Republican	Territorial representative 1925–1929, (first Alaska Native legislator)
		1895–1984	Tlingit		Democratic	Territorial representative 1945–1947, territorial senator 1947–1951 and 1957–1959, delegate and first vice president of constitutional convention 1955–1956, state senator 1959–1967, president of the state senate 1961–1965, state representative 1969–1973
Larry Peterson		1939–			Democratic	State representative 1973–1975
		1944–2021	Koyukon		Republican	State representative 1967–1971, state senator 1973–1987
		1952–	Gwich'in		Democratic	State representative 2005–2011
		1973–	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1999–2009
Leo Schaeffer		1947–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1977–1981
Frank See		1915–1998	Tlingit		Democratic	State representative 1965–1969
Martin Seversen		1925–1979			State representative 1977
Jake Stalker		1917–c. 2008	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 1961–1967
		1947–	Tlingit		Republican	State representative 2005–2013
Tony Vaska		1948–	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1981–1985
Kay Wallis		1944–	Gwich'in		Democratic	State representative 1985–1991
Tim Wallis		1940–	Gwich'in		Democratic	State representative 1975–1977
		1948–	Alaskan Athabaskan			State representative 1983–1985, state senator 1997–2003
					Republican
James K. Wells		1906–1979	Inupiaq		Democratic	Territorial representative 1951–1953
		1918–1968	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 1967–1968
		1960–	Inupiaq		Democratic	State representative 2017
Alfred Widmark		1904–1989	Tlingit		Republican	State representative 1961–1963
		1943–2019	Tlingit		Democratic	State representative 1993–2005
					Republican
		1933–2022	Gwich'in		Republican	State representative 1967–1969
		1944–2001	Alutiiq		Democratic	State representative 1979–1985, state senator 1985–1997
		1984–	Yup’ik		Democratic	State representative 2018–present

Arizona

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
						State senator 2013–2017
			Navajo^[5]			State representative 2015–2017
			Navajo			State representative 2017-2019
						State representative 2020–2023
						State representative 2019–2023^[6]
			Navajo			State representative 2017–2019
						State representative 2009–2011
Luis A. Gonzalez			Pascua Yaqui			State senator, District 10, 1979–1986
		1957–	Pascua Yaqui			State representative 1997–2001 and 2011–2019
							State representative 1999–2001
		1950–2021	Navajo			State senator 2004–2011; State representative 2011–2021
Benjamin Hanley		1941–					State representative, 1973–1998
						State Senator for AZ District 6, 2023 – present
		1942–	Navajo			State senator, District 5, 1985–1999
		1912–2014				State senator 1972–1984
		1931–2015				State representative 1967–1968^[7]
						State Senator for AZ District 2, 2011–2013, State representative 2003–2005
						State representative for the 18th district (2019–present)
						State representative 1999–2005
							10th Vice President of the Navajo Nation
		1928–					7th Chairman of the Navajo Nation (1970–1989)
		1975–					9th President of the Navajo Nation
Debora Lynn Norris							State representative, District 11, 1997–2002^[8]
						State representative 2013–2016, State senator 2019–2023
						State representative 2019–2021
		1956–					State representative, 2001–2002, 2005–2008
						State representative 2019–present
Daniel Peaches		1940–2022					State representative, 1975–1984
			Navajo			State representative, District 7 (2013-2015) State senator (2017-2021)^[9]
			Navajo			State representative, District 6 (2023–present)
		1937–2023	Navajo			Special Adviser to ASU President on American Indian Affairs

California

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
nowrap rowspan=2			1801–1894				Governor of California (1845–1846), Member of the Los Angeles Common Council (1853)
	Republican
Todd Gloria		1978–	Tlingit–Haida		Democratic	State assemblyman (2017–2020)
		1967–	Serrano / Cahuilla		Democratic	San Bernardino Community College Board of Trustees (2005–12), San Bernardino County Board of Supervisors (2012–2018), California State Assemblymember (2018–present)

Colorado

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
nowrap rowspan=2			1933–				Member of the Colorado House of Representatives from the 59th district (1983–1987)
	Republican

Idaho

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
Joseph R. Garry		1910–1975				State representative (1956–1960)^[11]
		1951/52–				State representative (1985–1989)
		1948–				Attorney General of Idaho (1991–1995)
		1979–				State representative (2014–2018) Democratic nominee for Governor in 2018 Democratic nominee for Senate in 2020

Kansas

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
		1981–				State representative, District 103 (2011–present)^[13]
		1963-	Chickasaw		Democratic	State representative, District 86 (2021-2023)^[14]
		1994-			Democratic	State representative, District 10 (2021–present)^[15]

Maine

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
Lola Coly (Cola/Nicola)^[17]						State representative, 1980–1897, 1911–1913
Matthew Dana II						State representative (non–voting)
Lewy Mitchell						State representative 1880–1881, 1883–1887, 1895–1897, 1903–1905
		1952–2019				State representative (non–voting)
John S. Nelson						State representative, 1957–1971
Peter M. Nelson						State representative, 1905–1907^[18] ^[19]
Peter F. Neptune						State representative, 1905–1907
Joseph Neptune						State representative, 1907–1909
Joseph Nicolar		1827–1894				State representative, 1859–1866, 1881–1894
						State representative (non-voting)
Sebatis Shay						State representative, 1899–1901
Nicholas Sockabasin						State representative, 1907–1909
Peol Sockis						State representative, 1853–1856, 1861–1866
						State representative (non-voting)
						State representative (non–voting)

Michigan

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
		1882-1950				State representative (1924-1925)
		1985–				State senator (2018–2022)

Minnesota

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
		1963–				State representative (2012–2019)
						State representative (2017–present)
		1948–2018				State senator (1991–1996)
		1979–				Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota (2019–present) State representative (2015–2019)
		1960–				State representative (2013–2023) State senator (2023–present)
		1960–				State representative (2017–2021) State senator (2021–present)

Mississippi

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
		1800–1865				State representative, State senator (1841–1844)
		1970–				State representative (2012–present)^[21]

Montana

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
		1901–1986				State representative, 1933–1934
		1988–	Northern Cheyenne^[22]			State representative, district 50 (2019–2021)
Barbara Bessette^[23]			Chippewa Cree			State representative, district 24 (2018–present)
		1941–				State representative, district 41 (2000–2008)
		1954–				State representative, district 31 (2004–2011)
Bill Eggers						State representative, district 6 (1998–2003)
Bob Gervais		1931–				State representative (1989–1993)^[24]
George Heavy Runner		1955–			Democratic	State representative, district 85 (1995–1998)
		1957–				State representative, district 15 (2001–2009)^[25]
		1945–				State representative (1998–2007); State senator (2007–2011)
		1967–	Mandan and Hidatsaa			Superintendent of Public Instruction (2009–2017)
						State representative (2008–2016)
Leo Kennerly Jr.		1936–1980				State representative (1977–1979)^[26]
Roland Kennerly		1934–2004				State representative (1981–1987)^[27]
Gary Kimble		1942–2022				State representative (1972–1978)
						State representative (2015–2019)
		1958–			Republican	State representative (2019–present) Speaker pro tempore of the Montana House (2023–present)
		1948–				State representative (2015–2017)
		1984–				State representative (2017–2021) State senator (2021–present)
Alvin Not Afraid Jr.						Chairman of the Crow Nation (2016–present)^[28]
		1954–	Crow^[29]			State representative (1997–1998); State senator, district 21 (2001–2009)
						State representative (2013–2021)^[30]
		1955–	Blackfeet Nation			State Representative (2009–2011, 2013–2015)
			Blackfeet Nation			Representative for Montana house district 16 (2019–present)
		1943–				State representative (1987–1995)
		1978–			Republican	State senator (2017–present)
		1941–				State representative, district 42 (2002–2009)
		1942–			Democratic	State representative (1998–2004, 2011–2013); State senator (2004–2009, 2017–2021)
		1953–				State senator (2009–2017) State representative (2017–present)
Jay O. Stovall		1940–2011			Republican	State representative (1992–2000)^[31]
		1926–2015			Republican	State representative, State senator (1969–1983)
Bill Whitehead		1939–				State representative (1997–1998)^[32]
						State senator (2015–present)
			Blackfeet Nation^[33]			State representative, district 15 (2019–present)
						State representative (2015–present)
					Democratic	State representative (2002–2008); State senator (2008–present)
		1948–				State senator (1985–1994)

Nevada

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
Dewey Sampson		1898–1982			Democratic	State representative, District 1, 1938–1940^[35]
		1968–			Democratic	State representative, 2000–2012^[36]
		1975–	Cherokee		Democratic	State representative, 2018–2020^[37]

New Mexico

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
Anthony Allison			Navajo			State representative, District 4 2019 – present^[38]
James D. Atcitty		1932–2014	Navajo			State representative, District 1 1964–1966^[39] ^[40]
		1933–2020	Navajo			State representative, District 4, 1981–1995^[41]
Reginald A. Begaye		–	Navajo			State representative, 1979–1980^[42]
Wilbert C. Begay		1939–	Navajo		Republican	State representative, District 1, 1966–1970^[43]
		1954–	Navajo			State representative, District 4^[44] (1999–2013)
		1949-	Piro-Manso-Tiwa^[45]			State representative (2013–present)
Jake C. Chee		1907–2014	Navajo		Republican	State representative, District 1, 1966–1968^[46]
		1923–1998	Apache		"Red Capitalism"	President of Mescalero Apache Nation 1965-1998
		1948–	Navajo		Republican	State representative, District 4, 2013–2018^[47]
		1964–	Cherokee		Republican	State representative, District 51, 2011–2019.
		1933–				State representative^[48]
		1967/68–	Navajo			State representative, District 5
		1953–	Navajo^[49]			State representative (2015–present)
Monroe Jymm		1933–1990	Navajo			State representative, District 1 1965–1967
		1920–1986	Navajo		Republican	State senator District 3 1966–1978, (first Native American elected to the New Mexico Senate)
						State representative, District 26 (2013–)
			Acoma Pueblo^[50]			State representative, District 26 (2013–2023)
						State senator, District 9 (2021-)^[51]
		1949–	Navajo			State representative, State senator, District 22 (2007-2013), Public Regulation Commissioner^[52]
		1948–	Jemez Pueblo^[53]			State representative (1985–2017)
		1994–	Pueblo^[54]
		1924–2019	Navajo			State senator, District 3, 1977–2019
			Navajo			State senator, District 3 (2019–present)
		1929–2020	Tewa (Ohkay Owingeh)^[55]			State representative, 40th District (1974–present)
			Jemez Pueblo^[56]			State senator (2013–present)
Albert Shirley		–	Navajo			State representative, District 6, 1985–1992^[57]
		1955–	Navajo			State senator, District 22, 1993–2007^[58]
Leo C. Watchman		1937–1993	Navajo			State representative, 1968–1979, 1983–1993^[59]

North Carolina

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity Tribe	Party	Offices held
		1951–	Lumbee		Democratic	State representative, 2011–2023
		1988-	Lumbee		Republican	State representative, 2023–present^[60]
		1952–			Democratic	state public official, State Controller, State Budget Director, and Secretary of the North Carolina Department of Transportation
		1940–2020	Lumbee		Democratic	State representative, 1973–1976^[61]
		1941-	Lumbee		Democratic	State representative, 1993-2011^[62]

North Dakota

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
Dennis Bercier		1952–2012			Democratic-NPL	State senator, 1999-2005^[63]
					Democratic-NPL	State representative, 2018-2022
Dawn Marie Charging					Republican	State representative, 2005–2007^[64]
Jayme Davis			Turtle Mountain Ojibwe		Democratic-NPL	State representative, 2022–present
Lisa Finley-DeVille			Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation		Democratic-NPL	State representative, 2023–present
Daniel F. Jérome		1930–			Democratic-NPL	State senator, 1990–1994^[65]
Les J. LaFountain					Democratic-NPL	State senator, 1995-1998^[66]
		1947–			Democratic-NPL	State senator, 2007-2022, 2024–present
Joseph Menz		1883–1970				State representative, 1957–1963^[67]
						State representative, 2011-2022
Arthur J. Raymond		1923–2009			Republican	State representative, 1971–1975^[68] ^[69]

Oklahoma

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
		1900–1986				Bryant County Superintendent (1941–1952), State representative (1955–1961), State senator (1961–1965), Chief of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma (194–1975)
		c. 1956–				State representative (2006–2008), Assistant Principal Chief of the Osage Nation (2010–2014), Principal Chief of the Osage Nation (2014), Member of the Osage Nation Congress (2018–present)
		1967–				Chickasaw Nation Tribal Legislator (1996–2002; 2016–present), State representative (2004–2016),^[70] 1st Oklahoma Secretary of Native American Affairs (2019)
		1953–				Member of the Sapulpa city council (1992–2004), Mayor of Sapulpa (1994-2004), State representative (2004-2006), State senator (2006–2016), President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate (2011-2016), 36th Secretary of State of Oklahoma (2020–2023), 2nd Oklahoma Secretary of Native American Affairs (2020–2023), Member-elect of the Oklahoma Corporation Commission (2025)
		1983–				State representative (2018–present)
					Democratic	State representative (2018–2020)
		1979–	Choctaw Nation^[71]			State senator (2010–2018), U.S. Congressman (2023–present)
		1950–				Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern, Northern and Western District of Oklahoma (1994–2001) Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Oklahoma (1996–2001)
		1952–				State Auditor (2008–2011), State Tax Commissioner (2014–2016)
		1968–				State senator (2006–2014), Senate Minority leader (2012–2014), President of Southeastern Oklahoma State University (2014–2019) Chancellor of the Oklahoma State System of Higher Education (2024–present)
		1988–				State representative (2019–present)
		1943-				State representative (2012–2018)
		1922-2004				State representative (1979–1984), State senator (1984-1988, 1991-1996)
		1949–			Republican	State senator (1988–1991), 26th Secretary of State of Oklahoma (1995–1999), U.S. Congressman (2003-present)
		1952–	Muscogee Creek Nation^[72]		Republican	State representative (2005–2017)
		1849–1919				Republican nominee for Lieutenant Governor in 1910
		1866–1948				State representative (1907–1917), Speaker of the Oklahoma House (1911–1913)
James Dyer		1887–1951				State representative (1946–1951)
J. Gladstone Emery		1900–1978				State senator (1947–1951)^[73]
		1953–2011			Republican	State representative (2011)
		1968–			Republican	State representative (2016–present)
		1994–			Republican	State representative (2017–2022), State senator (2024–present)
		1965–			Democratic	State representative (2010–2018)
		1947–				State representatives (2005-2015)
		1964–				State Senator (2023–present)
		1940–2022				State representative (1980–1986), State senate (1986–2002)
					Republican	State representative (2018–present)
					Republican	State representative (2024–present)
		1875–1936				State representative (1907–1910), Oklahoma Secretary of State (1911–1915)
		1979–			Republican	State senator (2010–2018), Mayor of Oklahoma City (2018–)
		1952–				State representative (2007–2019)
		1974–			Republican	State representative (2004–2010), State senator (2021–present)
		1974–				State representative (2007–2015)
		1946–	Muscogee Creek Nation^[74]			State representative (2009–2017)
		1866–1958				Cherokee Nation district judge (1893-1895), Cherokee Nation senator (1895-1899), Tahlequah Alderman (1899-1903), Tahlequah city recorder (1903-1905), State senator (1907-1913), Craig County Treasurer (1930-1934), Craig County Judge (1934-1936)
		1946–				State senator (2003–2012), State representative (2002–2003)
		1953–				State representative (2007–present)
		1948–				State representative (2007–2015)
		1961–				State representative (2012–2024)
		1935–				State representative (1975–1983), Oklahoma Secretary of Transportation (1995–2001)
		1952–				State representative (2012–2014)
		1978–				State representative (2007–2013)
		1946–				State representative (2005–2016)
Arvo Mikkanen		1961–	Kiowa Nation		Democratic	US Assistant Attorney for United States District Court for the Western District of Oklahoma since 1994.^[75] Later unsuccessful US District Judge nomination^[76]
		1902–1974	Of Chickasaw descent Not a registered member			Governor (1951–1955)
		1968–				State representative (2016–present)
		1986–				State representative (2014–present)
		1970–			Democratic	State representative (2007–2013), State senator (2014–2018)
		1993–			Democratic	State representative (2019–present)
		(1856-1932)			Democratic	State representative (1907–1910; 1912-1914), State senator (1916-1920)
					Republican	State representative (2010–2022)
		1943–2011				State representative (1975–1979)
		1977–			Democratic	State representative (2008–2016)
		1992-				State senator (2023–present)
		1978–				State representative (2007–2015), Speaker of the Oklahoma House (2013–2014)
		1943–			Democratic	State representative (2005–2016)
		1982–				State representative (2011–2017)
						State senator (2006–2018)
Ron Stewart					Democratic	State representative (2024–present)
		1891–1952				State senator (1924–1932)
		1972–				Governor (2019–present)
Daniel Sullivan		1963–			Republican	State representative (2004–2011)
		1988–			Democratic	State representative (2022–present)
		1874–1953				Mayor of Tahlequah (1907–1909), State representative (1910–1914)
Bob A. Trent		1913–1992				State representative, state senator
		1964–			Republican	State representative (2018–present)
		1947–			Republican	State representative (2005–2017)
		1982–			Democratic	State representative (2016–2023)
					Democratic	State representative (2009–2019)
		1982–			Republican	State senator (2024–present)
		1994-				State senator (2023–present)

Oregon

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
		1935–2008				State representative (1991–2001)
		1961–				State representative (2017–present)

South Dakota

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
		1933–2020				State senator (2009–2017); State representative (2001–2009)
		1964–				State representative (2009–2012)
		1934–2021				State representative (1985–1986), State senator (1986–1996)
Pat Flynn		1922–1979	Lakota			State senator (1971–1973)^[77]
						State representative (2019 –present)
		1972 –				State representative (2013–2015), State senator (2015–Present)
						United States Attorney for the District of South Dakota (1981–1991), Commissioner of the National Indian Gaming Commission (2002–2009)
		1966 –				State representative (2019 –)
		1979 –				State representative (2009–2017), State senator (2017–2019)
		1955 –				State representative (2017–2021)
Ellis T. Peirce		1846–1926				State representative (1903–1904)^[78]
						State representative (2019–present)
		1946–				State senator (1983–1988)
		1949–2020				State senator (2005–2009)
						State representative (2023 –)
		1953–				State representative (1991–2000), State senator (2001–2006)
		1964–				State representative (2000–2008)^[79]
		1954–	Hunkpapa^[80]			State representative (1981–1986, 1993–2000), State senator (2001–2002)
					Democratic
						Oglala Sioux tribal administrator, former chair of the Oglala Lakota County Republican Party and nominee for South Dakota's at-large congressional district in 2006

Washington

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
George Adams		1880–1954				State representative (1933–1939), (1945–1954)
W. Ron Allen		1947—	S'Klallam		Independent	Tribal Chairmen (1977–present), NCAI treasurer and president,
Don Barlow		1938–2016	Ottawa		Democratic	State representative (2007–2009)
William Bishop		1861–1934				State senator (1919–1927), (1933–1934), State representative (1899–1903), (1905–1907), (1909–1911), (1917–1919)
		1942–				State representative (1997–2003), (2005–2009)
		1959–				State senator (2007–2011)
		1971–				State representative (2019–)
		1943–				State senator (2013–2020), State representative (2003–2013)
		1964–				State representative (1997–2020)
Chief George Pierre		1926–2011				State representative (1965–1967)
		1966–				State representative (2004–2019)
		1959–				State senator (1997–2003, 2012, 2017); 2004 and 2008 Republican nominee for Governor
						State senator (1985–1993), State representative (2022-)
		1927–2020				State senator (1985–1993), State representative (1980–1985)
John Tennant		1830–1893			Territorial representative (1858–1860)

Wyoming

Name	Image	Life	Ethnicity or tribe	Party	Offices held
		1952–			Democratic	State representative (2004–2015)
		1979/1980–			Republican	State senator (2017–2025)
					Democratic	State representative (2019–2023)
		1943–			Democratic	State representative (1980–1992)
					Democratic	State representative (2025–present)

Municipal offices

Arizona

• Roberta Cano, (Navajo, Zuni Pueblo) Winslow Mayor (2021–present)^[81]

California

• Tasha Cerda (Tohono O'odham Nation), Gardena Mayor (2017–present), City Council (2009–2013)^[82]
• Todd Gloria (Tlingit-Haida), San Diego Mayor (2020–present; 2013–2014 (acting)), San Diego City Councilman (2008–2016), San Diego City Council President (2012–2014)^[83]
• Mitch O'Farrell (Wyandotte), Los Angeles City Councilman (2013-2022), President of the Los Angeles City Council (2022)^[84]

Idaho

• William (Bill) Weems, (Coeur d'Alene) Plummer City Council (2012–2016) Mayor (2016–present)

Maine

• April Fournier, (Navajo) Portland, Maine Portland City Council At-Large (2021–present)

Minnesota

• Renee Van Nett, (Leech Lake Ojibwe) Duluth City Council

New Mexico

• April J. Silversmith, Navajo Democrat (Gallup, NM Magistrate Judge^[85])
• Carol Bowman Muskett, Navajo Democrat (McKinley County, NM Commissioner District I^[86])
• Genevieve Jackson, Navajo Democrat (McKinley County, NM Commissioner District II^[87])
• Harriet K. Becenti, Navajo Democrat (McKinley County, NM Clerk^[88])
• Thommy Nelson, Navajo Democrat (McKinley County, NM Probate Judge^[89])
• Felix Begay, Navajo Democrat (McKinley County, NM Sheriff^[90])
• Earnest Becenti, Navajo Democrat (Mckinley County, NM County Treasurer^[91])
• GloJean Todacheene, Navajo Democrat (San Juan County, NM Commissioner District I^[92])

Oklahoma

• Susan Bayro (Osage Nation), mayor of Pawhuska (2024–present)
• Brian Bingman (b. 1953, Muscogee Nation), Sapulpa city councilor (1992-2004) and mayor of Sapulpa, Oklahoma (1994-2004)
• John Tyler Hammons (b. 1988, Cherokee Nation), mayor of Muskogee, Oklahoma (2008–2012)
• David Holt (b. 1979, Osage Nation), mayor of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma (2018–present)
• Elias Landrum (1866-1958, Cherokee Nation), Tahlequah, Oklahoma Alderman (1899-1903) and Tahlequah Recorder (1903-1905)
• Houston B. Teehee (1874-1953, Cherokee Nation), Mayor of Tahlequah, Oklahoma (1907-1909)

Utah

• Willie Grayeyes, Navajo Democrat (San Juan County, UT Commission^[93])
• Kenneth Maryboy, Navajo Democrat (San Juan County, UT Commission ^[94])
• Robin Troxell, Hopi Tribe of Arizona (Brigham City Councilmember)

Washington

• Christopher Roberts, (b. 1978, Choctaw) Shoreline City Council (2010–present)^[95]
• Roxanne Murphy, (Nooksack) Bellingham City Council [2012–2018]^[96]
• Debora Juarez, (Blackfeet) Seattle City Council [2016–present]^[97]

Wisconsin

• Wahsayah Whitebird, (b. 1991) Ojibwe Communist, City Council of Ashland, Wisconsin [2019-2021]^[98]
• Kristie Goforth, (Sault Tribe of Chippewa Indians), Monona City Council [2020–present]

Other offices

• Diego Archuleta (1814 – 1884), Member of the Mexican Congress, soldier in the Mexican Army, in the Mexican–American War, Native American Agent by President Abraham Lincoln, and member of the Union Army (US Army) during the American Civil War. He was the first Hispanic Brigadier General.
• Fleming Begaye Sr. (1921–2019) (Navajo) – Navajo Code Talker, Honorary Chair of the Native American Coalition of the Donald J. Trump for President Campaign, 2016.
• Elias Cornelius Boudinot (1835–1890) (Cherokee) — Tribal Representative to the Confederate Congress, 1862–65. Represented the Cherokee Nation.
• Samuel Benton Callahan (1833–1911) (Creek) — Tribal Representative to the Confederate Congress, 1864–65. Represented the Creek and Seminole nations.
• Plenty Coups (1848–1932) (Crow) – Representative of Native Americans for the dedication of the Tomb Of The Unknown Soldier
• Robert McDonald Jones (1808–1872) (Choctaw) — Tribal Representative to the Confederate Congress, 1863–65. Represented the Choctaw and Chickasaw nations.
• Dana Loesch (born 1978) (Cherokee) — radio host, TV personality, former spokesperson for the National Rifle Association.
• Peter MacDonald (born 1928) (Navajo) – Member of Richard Nixon's Committee to Re-Elect the President (CRP) in 1972.
• Will Rogers (1879–1935, Cherokee), honorary mayor of Beverly Hills, California^[99]
• Clarence L. Tinker (1887–1942) (Osage) – Major General, highest ranking Native American officer in the Army, Commander of the 7th Air Force in Hawaii, shot down and killed during the Battle of Midway.

See also

• List of Indigenous Canadian politicians

External links

• Political Graveyard's list of Native American politicians

Notes and References

1. http://www.bia.gov/FAQs/index.htm "IV. Our Nation’s American Indian and Alaska Native Citizens."
2. Magazine, The Atlantic Monthly. April 1870 issue. See article, "Peter Pitchlynn, Chief of the Choctaws," p 490. "Peter P. Pitchlynn Collection", Western Histories Collection, University of Oklahoma Libraries
3. Web site: Sen. Jackson joining State Department. Mary Jo. Pitzl. azcentral.com. 2014-12-27. 2022-09-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20220904025422/https://help.azcentral.com/. live.
4. Web site: Chavez . Aliyah . Josiah Patkotak narrowly wins state House seat in Alaska . IndianCountryToday.com . 28 January 2021 . en . 2 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210202065237/https://indiancountrytoday.com/news/josiah-patkotak-narrowly-wins-state-house-seat-in-alaska-OGYVmtpKV0md7wm1vGUnbw . live .
5. Web site: 'WE ARE A NATION, NOT A FEDERAL PROGRAM', PRESIDENT BEGAYE STATES AT AZ TRIBAL LEGISLATIVE DAY . THE NAVAJO NATION . 15 January 2021 . 20 October 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201020162334/https://www.navajo-nsn.gov/News%20Releases/OPVP/2016/jan/We%20are%20a%20Nation,%20Not%20a%20Federal%20Program,%20President%20Begaye%20states%20at%20AZ%20Tribal%20Legislative%20Day.pdf . live .
6. Web site: Silversmith . Shondiin . 'Representation matters': 14 Native American candidates ran for office in Arizona; 11 won . The Arizona Republic . 15 January 2021 . 4 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220904025421/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/elections/2020/12/03/11-native-american-candidates-won-election-arizona-2020/6353281002/ . live .
7. Web site: Arizona's first Native American lawmaker dies. azcentral.com. January 6, 2015.
8. https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/50leg/1r/bills/sr1002p.pdf SR 1002 - A Resolution Honoring Current and Former Native American Members of the Arizona Legislature
9. Web site: The Great Capitol Resignation continues as another Arizona lawmaker leaves the Legislature. www.azcentral.com. 2022-06-28. 2022-09-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20220904025421/https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/politics/arizona/2021/12/22/sen-jamescita-peshlakai-resigns-arizona-senate-federal-job/9002224002/. live.
10. Web site: Donna Hutchinson, R-98. arkansashouse.org. June 30, 2012.
11. News: Joseph R. Garry, 65, John B. Brooks, 84, Indian Leader, Dies Ex-General, is Dead . The New York Times . January 1976 .
12. Web site: Donne Trotter's Second Chance . NBC Chicago . 17 December 2020 . 28 November 2012 . 8 June 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210608214012/https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/politics/donne-trotters-second-chance/1946519/ . live .
13. Web site: Dennis Zotigh. Meet Native America: Ponka-We Victors, Kansas State Representative. National Museum of the American Indian. 15 May 2015. 21 November 2014. 25 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141125220616/http://blog.nmai.si.edu/main/2014/11/meet-native-america-ponka-we-victors.html. dead.
14. Web site: Native American transgender woman Stephanie Byers just shattered 'lavender ceiling' by getting elected in Kansas. November 4, 2020. Duffy. Nick. PinkNews. 23 February 2021. 23 February 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210223020607/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2020/11/04/native-american-transgender-woman-stephanie-byers-history-kansas/. live.
15. Web site: Allaire . Christian . Why Kansas Representative Christina Haswood Wore Regalia While Being Sworn In . Vogue . 13 January 2021 . 24 March 2021 . en-us . 18 April 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210418083455/https://www.vogue.com/article/christina-haswood-kansas-representative-indigenous-regalia . live .
16. Web site: 'Another trail of tears'. April 20, 2007. Pearce. Thomas. Indian Country Today. 31 August 2021. 1 September 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210901044035/https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/another-trail-of-tears. live.
17. Web site: Penobscot Cultural & Historic Preservation .
18. News: Indian Legislators. 3. The Waurika News. May 12, 1905. September 10, 2022.
19. Web site: Tribal Representatives to the Maine Legislature, 1823 - | Maine State Legislature .
20. Web site: History of Barnstable County, Massachusetts: 1620-1637-1686-1890. Simeon L.. Deyo. September 13, 1890. Blake. Google Books.
21. Web site: Carolyn Crawford for House 121 - About Carolyn . https://web.archive.org/web/20150709031738/http://www.carolyncrawfordforhouse121.com/about-carolyn . 2015-07-09 .
22. Web site: Western Native Voice Community Spotlight: Jade Bahr & Barbara Bessette . WORC . 28 January 2021 . 8 January 2019 . 1 February 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210201230355/https://www.worc.org/western-native-voice-community-spotlight-jade-bahr-barbara-bessette/ . live .
23. Web site: Democrat Bessette grew up in House District 24 and is now a candidate . Great Falls Tribune . USA Today Network . 28 January 2021 . 8 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210508153321/https://www.greatfallstribune.com/story/news/2018/11/03/democrat-bessette-grew-up-house-district-24-and-now-candidate/1664685002/ . live .
24. Web site: Indian lawmakers. 3. January 3, 1993. Montana Standard. September 10, 2022.
25. News: Indian legislators pull together for bills of interest to reservations. 3M. Dininny. Shannon. January 29, 2001. Great Falls Tribune. September 10, 2022.
26. News: Browning solon sees need for Indian legislators. 7. January 26, 1977. Kotynski. Thomas. Great Falls Tribune. September 10, 2022.
27. Book: Constitution, United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on the. Voting Rights Act: evidence of continued need : hearing before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, March 8, 2006. September 13, 2006. U.S. Government Printing Office. 9780160767265 . Google Books.
28. News: Chavez . Aliyah . Crow Tribal Chairman endorses Trump campaign . Ict News . October 21, 2020 . October 27, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201027043813/https://indiancountrytoday.com/news/crow-tribal-chairman-endorses-trump-campaign-0XWBbrkBP0KzVwQnkjQo3A . live .
29. Book: Constitution, United States Congress House Committee on the Judiciary Subcommittee on the. Voting Rights Act: Section 203, Bilingual Election Requirements : Hearing Before the Subcommittee on the Constitution of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, First Session. September 13, 2006. U.S. Government Printing Office. 9780160758744 . Google Books.
30. Web site: Rae Peppers . Balletopedia.org . 28 June 2022 . 28 June 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220628160143/https://ballotpedia.org/Rae_Peppers . live .
31. Web site: Montana's Indian legislators push tribal agenda. February 9, 1999. 3M. Great Falls Tribune. September 10, 2022.
32. Web site: Making Native voices heard. Oko. Dan. April 24, 1997. Missoula Independent. 3. September 10, 2022.
33. News: Montana setting the example . Ict News . 28 January 2021 . en . 1 December 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201201054640/https://indiancountrytoday.com/news/montana-setting-the-example-IbY6t5SRyE-AaB9mcr2ROw . live .
34. Web site: A Lakota Warrior Swaps Bullets for Ballots. 2020-10-13. The Wounds of Whiteclay. en.
35. Web site: Native American Heritage Month Spotlight Dewey Sampson Sr . 14 November 2019 .
36. News: Vogel . Ed . Assembly works for day at Capitol . . March 11, 2011 . October 16, 2012.
37. News: Denetclaw. Pauly. Nevada primary has Indigenous congressional candidate. . June 14, 2022. September 10, 2022.
38. News: Reilley . Mike . New Mexico AG Wants More Funds . 22 December 2022 . News for Page Lake Powell Arizona . 1 December 2022.
39. Web site: Navajos Pack a Voting Punch. Wittrup. Burt. May 8, 1964. C13. The Albuquerque Tribune. September 8, 2022.
40. Book: The Extraordinary Book of Native American Lists. Arlene B.. Hirschfelder. Paulette Fairbanks. Molin. September 13, 2012. Scarecrow Press. 9780810877092 . Google Books.
41. News: October 14, 2020 . Former Navajo Nation President Thomas Atcitty dies at 86 . . live . https://archive.today/20201015023615/https://www.abc15.com/news/state/former-navajo-nation-president-thomas-atcitty-dies-at-86 . October 15, 2020 . Newspapers.com.
42. Web site: Governor Appoints Begay to House Post. January 27, 1979. Albuquerque Journal. A6. September 8, 2022.
43. Web site: Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations for Fiscal Year 1968: Hearings Before a Subcommittee, Ninetieth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 9029. United States Congress Senate Committee on. Appropriations. September 13, 1967. U.S. Government Printing Office. Google Books.
44. Web site: Home. Capitol Report New Mexico. 2020-08-04. 2020-08-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20200807023404/https://capitolreportnewmexico.com/. live.
45. Web site: Patricia Roybal Caballero :: UNM Chicana and Chicano Studies The University of New Mexico . chicanos.unm.edu . 16 January 2021 . 23 November 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201123185244/https://chicanos.unm.edu/people/grads/patricia-roybal-caballero.html . live .
46. Web site: Whitehorse Lake's future is a tale of two pipelines. Navajo Times. October 9, 2014. September 8, 2022.
47. Web site: Error - New Mexico Legislature. www.nmlegis.gov. 2019-01-12. 2016-04-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20160412090333/http://www.nmlegis.gov/lcs/legislator_details.aspx?SPONCODE=HGENN. live.
48. Web site: Jack Jackson – Navajo Oral History. navajopeople.org. 2014-12-27. 2014-12-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20141227223852/http://navajopeople.org/blog/jack-jackson-navajo-oral-history/. live.
49. Web site: Doreen Wonda Johnson: National Code Talker Museum needed in D.C. . Indianz . 16 January 2021 . 22 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122035315/https://www.indianz.com/News/2016/05/10/doreen-wonda-johnson-national-code-talke.asp . live .
50. Web site: Zotigh . Dennis . Meet Native America: Georgene Louis, State Representative for House District 26, New Mexico State Legislature . blog.nmai.si.edu . 16 January 2021 . 21 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210121024058/https://blog.nmai.si.edu/main/2015/08/meet-native-america-georgene-louis.html . dead .
51. News: McKenna . Brenda . Q&A: Senate District 9 Candidate Brenda Grace Agoyothé McKenna - Albuquerque Journal . 22 December 2022 . Albuquerque Journal . 25 September 2020.
52. Web site: Lynda Lovejoy. Ballotpedia. 2019-01-12. 2019-02-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20190212142916/https://ballotpedia.org/Lynda_Lovejoy. live.
53. Web site: Zotigh . Dennis . Meet Native America: James Roger Madalena (Jemez Pueblo), New Mexico State Representative . blog.nmai.si.edu . 16 January 2021 . 22 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122035339/https://blog.nmai.si.edu/main/2014/10/meet-native-america-james-roger-madalena.html . dead .
54. Jessica Montoya Coggins (April 11, 2014). 'I'm From Here': Not All Hispanics Are Recent Arrivals . Published on NBC News.
55. Web site: New Mexico House Democrats celebrate Native American heritage, honor Representative Nick Salazar . www.grantcountybeat.com . 16 January 2021 . 22 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122043024/https://www.grantcountybeat.com/news/non-local-news-releases/41975-new-mexico-house-democrats-celebrate-native-american-heritage-honor-representative-nick-salazar . live .
56. Web site: Benny Shendo Jr. . Center for Native American and Indigenous Studies (CNAIS) . 16 January 2021 . en . 23 June 2020 . 22 January 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122035652/https://www.colorado.edu/cnais/benny-shendo-jr . live .
57. News: Representative Albert Shirley. January 23, 1989. A3. The Santa Fe New Mexican. September 9, 2022.
58. Web site: N.M. state senator quits to fill Navajo job . Denverpost.com . 2007-01-22 . 2018-07-19.
59. Web site: Leo Watchman and Nathaniel Jackson teaching a class at St. Michael Indian School | National Museum of the American Indian .
60. News: Nagem . Sarah . Robeson County voters flip NC House seat to GOP; Lowery wins . 19 April 2023 . Border Belt Independent . 9 November 2022 . Lowery and Graham are both Lumbees, the largest Native American tribe east of the Mississippi River..
61. News: Haislip. Bryan. Robeson Indian Legislator Oxendine Sees America As Blend Of Various Traditions. The Robesonian. 6. May 22, 1973.
62. News: Stradling . Richard . Why does 'race' appear on your NC driver's license? And why is it blank? . 23 December 2022 . The News & Observer . 6 February 2018 . Sutton, a member of the Lumbee tribe and the only Native American in the legislature at the time, said that for American Indians the notation was important in establishing their identity and preventing confusion about their background..
63. Web site: Dennis Bercier | North Dakota Legislative Branch .
64. Web site: Dawn Marie Charging | North Dakota Legislative Branch .
65. Web site: Métis Firsts in North America .
66. Web site: Les J. LaFountain | North Dakota Legislative Branch .
67. Web site: Legislative Oversights. January 14, 1971. 13. Bismarck Tribune. September 10, 2022.
68. Web site: Art Raymond Papers, 1924-1993 | Elwyn B. Robinson Department of Special Collections .
69. Web site: The fight for representation: Tribal citizens are dealt systematic hurdles . 18 December 2020 .
70. https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:rgrakt9kr54J:www.okcoalitiontribes.org/resources/ok%2Btribal%2Bcaucus.pdf+&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESgZLRQNxXGj46nrpz6Pq8mmTyrMLA1PxfoohGNLd6sfv73-8-ICBQ4saZ-4Dj7B-H_s4ApskXJVVm_B7h1StSxZJBXRuUgcwy_HYbwXLOQ0GyGKZmNHpB9oaQ4iFCnGdFQK6XwF&sig=AHIEtbRiZL_eSSL3Pja-1n3I1fW5nOAGcw "The Native American Caucus of the Oklahoma House of Representatives."
71. News: Casteen . Chris . Brecheen tops Frix for GOP nomination for Oklahoma's 2nd Congressional District . 5 September 2022 . The Oklahoman . 23 August 2022 . Frix and Brecheen are both members of the Choctaw Nation but took different stances on the U.S. Supreme Court decision in McGirt v. Oklahoma, which has led to six tribal reservations being affirmed since 2020..
72. Web site: Adcock . Clifton . Lawmaker angry with Creek tribe for lawsuit . Tulsa World . 30 January 2010 . 16 January 2021 . en . 4 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220904025423/https://tulsaworld.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/lawmaker-angry-with-creek-tribe-for-lawsuit/article_e810ede1-7b4d-5f6f-8cfe-d6f780e78c19.html . live .
73. News: Indian Legislators Take Poke At Movie Red Man Treatment. 2. McCurtain Gazette. April 27, 1949. September 10, 2022.
74. Web site: Native American Caucus Elects New Co-Chairs . www.okhouse.gov . 16 January 2021 . 4 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220904025425/https://www.okhouse.gov/Media/ShowStory.aspx?MediaNewsID=4552 . live .
75. Web site: Cohen. Andrew. 6 February 2011. The Mikkanen Nomination and the White Man. The Atlantic. 27 May 2017. 20 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170220153730/https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2011/02/the-mikkanen-nomination-and-the-white-man/70752/. live.
76. Web site: Nomination of Arvo Mikkanen to federal bench is dead for now. Indianz. 2019-01-12. 2018-01-14. https://web.archive.org/web/20180114110315/https://www.indianz.com/News/2012/004096.asp. live.
77. Book: Indigenous Firsts: A History of Native American Achievements and Events. Yvonne Wakim. Dennis. Arlene. Hirschfelder. Paulette F.. Molin. 25 October 2022 . Visible Ink Press. 9781578598069 . Google Books.
78. News: Full Blooded Indian Legislator In South Dakota. December 7, 1907. 12. Buffalo Evening News. September 10, 2022.
79. Web site: Tribal members increase in Legislature . 12 September 2018 .
80. News: Indian legislator calls for end to encampments. Argus-Leader. 17. August 22, 1981. Swenson. Ron. September 10, 2022.
81. Web site: Mayor Roberta Cano. City of Winslow. 2021-04-19. 2022-09-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20220904025423/https://www.winslowaz.gov/government/city_council/index.php. live.
82. Web site: Pinto. Alex. Mayor Tasha Cerda. City of Gardena. 20 April 2016 . 2020-09-22. 2022-09-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20220904025431/https://cityofgardena.org/elected-officials-councilmember-cerda/. live.
83. News: Todd Gloria's juggling act part 2 . Scannell . Christy . December 29, 2009 . San Diego News Room . via Wayback Machine . August 24, 2013 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120323121204/http://www.sandiegonewsroom.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=39169:todd-glorias-juggling-act-part-2&catid=50:san-diego-region&Itemid=51 . March 23, 2012 .
84. Web site: L.A. City Councilman Wants To Establish 'Indigenous People's Day'. 14 November 2015.
85. Web site: Court offers "second-chance" days - Navajo Times. www.navajotimes.com. 2014-12-27. 2014-12-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20141227215039/http://www.navajotimes.com/news/2014/0114/011714warrants.php. live.
86. Web site: District I . 2014-12-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141224082205/http://www.co.mckinley.nm.us/adding_pages.htm . 2014-12-24 .
87. Web site: District II . 2014-12-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141224081923/http://www.co.mckinley.nm.us/style_sheets.htm . 2014-12-24 .
88. Web site: Clerk . 2014-12-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141227215622/http://www.co.mckinley.nm.us/clerk.htm . 2014-12-27 .
89. Web site: Probate Judge . 2014-12-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141224081131/http://www.co.mckinley.nm.us/probatejudge.htm . 2014-12-24 .
90. Web site: Sheriff . 2014-12-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141227215801/http://www.co.mckinley.nm.us/sheriff.htm . 2014-12-27 .
91. Web site: Treasurer . 2014-12-27 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141227130813/http://www.co.mckinley.nm.us/treasurer.htm . 2014-12-27 .
92. Web site: District I . www.sjcounty.net . 13 January 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110502231756/http://www.sjcounty.net/departments/electedoffices/commisioners/district-i . 2 May 2011 . dead.
93. Web site: Grayeyes wins county seat in historic election . Navajo Times News . 8 November 2018 . 8 February 2019 . 16 November 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181116040037/https://www.navajotimes.com/reznews/grayeyes-wins-county-seat-in-historic-election/ . live .
94. Web site: Commission . 2007-06-22 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070928143522/http://www.sanjuancounty.org/county_commission.htm . 2007-09-28 .
95. News: Walker . Richard . Shoreline Mayor Chris Roberts, Choctaw, On 'Rapidly Changing Community' . 22 September 2020 . Indian Country Today . 16 February 2016 . 4 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220904025424/https://indiancountrytoday.com/archive/shoreline-mayor-chris-roberts-choctaw-on-rapidly-changing-community?redir=1 . live .
96. News: At Large Roxanne Murphy, Bellingham City Council . 22 September 2020 . Cascadia Weekly . 28 June 2017 . 24 July 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190724082811/http://www.cascadiaweekly.com/cw/currents/roxanne_murphy_bellingham_city_council . live .
97. News: Daniels . Chris . Seattle councilmember Juarez speaks out against DAPL . 22 September 2020 . King 5 . 15 September 2016 . 4 September 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220904025424/https://www.king5.com/article/news/politics/seattle-councilmember-juarez-speaks-out-against-dapl/281-319254497 . live .
98. News: Wahsayah Whitebird, Communist Party member, elected to Wisconsin city council. 2021-07-04. The Washington Times. en-US. 2021-01-26. https://web.archive.org/web/20210126011917/https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/jun/22/wahsayah-whitebird-communist-party-member-elected-/. live.
99. http://www.beverlyhills.org/exploring/cityparks/willrogersmemorialpark/ "Will Rogers Memorial Park."