List of National Treasures of Japan (ancient documents) explained

The term "National Treasure" has been used in Japan to denote cultural properties since 1897.[1] The definition and the criteria have changed since the introduction of the term. These ancient documents adhere to the current definition, and have been designated National Treasures since the Law for the Protection of Cultural Properties came into effect on June 9, 1951. The items are selected by the Agency for Cultural Affairs, a special body of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, based on their "especially high historical or artistic value".[2] "Ancient documents" is one of thirteen categories of National Treasures recognized by the agency. The list presents 63 documents or sets of documents from classical to early modern Japan, from the Asuka period to the Meiji period. The actual number of items is more than 63 because groups of related objects have been combined into single entries. The list contains items of various type such as letters, diaries, records or catalogues, certificates, imperial decrees, testaments and maps. The documents record early Japanese government and Buddhism including early Japanese contact with China, the organization of the state and life at the Japanese imperial court. They are housed in 14 Japanese cities in temples (35), museums (13), libraries or archives (6), shrines (4), universities (2) and in private collections (2). Most entries (28) in the list are located in Kyoto. The documents in this list were made predominantly with a writing brush on paper and, in many cases, present important examples of calligraphy.[3]

Writing was physically introduced to Japan from China in the form of inscribed artefacts at the beginning of the Christian era. Examples, some of which have been designated as archaeological National Treasures, include coins of the reign of Wang Mang (AD 8–25), a 1st-century gold seal from Shikanoshima, a late 2nd century iron sword from the Tōdaijiyama burial mound, the Seven-Branched Sword with inscription from 369 and a large number of bronze mirrors—the oldest dating to the 3rd century. All of these artefacts originated on the continent, most likely in China. However, the written inscriptions on them may not have been recognized as writing but instead may have been mistaken for decorations by the Japanese. When the Japanese later manufactured locally copies of original Chinese mirrors, they may have continued to believe the written inscriptions to be merely decorative.

The concept of writing came to Japan from the Korean kingdom of Baekje in the form of classical Chinese books likely written on paper and in the form of manuscript rolls (kansubon). This probably happened at the beginning of the 5th century (around 400), and certainly during the 6th century.[4] According to legend the scholar Wani introduced the Chinese writing system as well as Confucianism to Japan. The oldest texts of Japanese origin, which show a clear understanding of the concept of writing, date to the 5th century and are—like most texts from before 700—inscriptions on stone or metal.Examples include three archaeological National Treasures: Suda Hachiman Shrine Mirror from about the 5th century, which is a poor copy of a Chinese original, the Inariyama Sword from 471 or 531 and the Eta Funayama burial mound sword from about the 5th century. The abrupt transition from an unfamiliarity with writing to reading and writing complicated works in a foreign language required the earliest Japanese texts be composed and read by people from the continent such as Wani. The Inariyama Sword is also the oldest example of man'yōgana use, a writing system that employs Chinese characters to represent the Japanese language. Soon after the introduction of writing, scribes were appointed to the provinces to "record events and report conditions".

While writing in Japan was limited during the 5th and 6th centuries, the number of documents written locally increased in the 7th century; though most of them have been lost.[4] By the end of the 7th century increased cultural dependence on China caused reading and writing, particularly in government and religion, to become an integral part of Japanese life. There were two major factors for this development: starting with the Taika Reforms (645–649) and continuing with the Asuka Kiyomihara Code (689) and censuses from 670 and 690, a Chinese style centralised state was formed, requiring the need for a large number of officials who were literate and educated in, among others, Confucian texts at the Daigakuryo ("University") founded under Emperor Tenchi. The second factor was the increasing popularity of Buddhism, which had been introduced to Japan in the mid-6th century and strongly promoted by Prince Shōtoku (574–622). The Sangyō Gisho ("Annotated Commentaries on the Three Sutras"), traditionally attributed to Prince Shōtoku, is the oldest extant Japanese text of any length. Buddhism required the study of sutras written in Chinese and the state founded a Sutra Copying Bureau (shakyōjo) before 727.[5] The oldest Japanese books are two chronicles, Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, from the early 8th century. While the phonogram orthography enjoyed increasing popularity during the 8th century, it was not yet used for longer prose. The modern kana, notably hiragana and katakana were developed in the Heian period.

Statistics

Almost half of all entries in the list are located in Kyoto.

PrefectureCityNational Treasures
ChibaSakura2
FukuokaFukuoka1
GifuMotosu1
KyotoKyoto28
Miyazu1
MiyagiTagajō1
NaraNara4
OsakaKawachinagano1
Shimamoto1
ShigaNagahama1
Ōtsu8
ShizuokaMakinohara1
TochigiŌtawara1
TokyoTokyo10
WakayamaKōya1
YamagataYonezawa1
Period[6] National Treasures
Asuka period1
Nara period9
Heian period32
Tang dynasty1
Kamakura period17
Yuan dynasty1
Nanboku-chō period1
Momoyama period1

Usage

The table's columns (except for Content and Images) are sortable pressing the arrows symbols. The following gives an overview of what is included in the table and how the sorting works.

Treasures

NameAuthorsContentDateFormatPresent locationImage
[7] [8] Large scale collection of documents of the Shimazu clan covering among others politics, diplomacy, social economy and inheritance0794Heian period to Meiji periodTokyo Tokyo Historiographical Institute of the University of TokyoHistoriographical Institute of the University of Tokyo, Tokyo
[9] [10] [11] Oldest extant Japanese family tree0794Heian periodKyoto Miyazu Kono Shrineprivate, Kono Shrine, Miyazu, Kyoto
[12] [13] Duarte de MenezesLetter from Duarte de Menezes, viceroy of Portuguese India to daimyō Toyotomi Hideyoshi concerning the suppression of Christians in Japan1588-04Azuchi–Momoyama period, April 1588Kyoto Kyoto Myohoin, Kyoto
[14] [15] Agricultural records of villages in the of Etchū Province. It is a valuable resource for the study of an area under the Ritsuryō law in the 8th to 10th century.0751Nara period and Heian period, 751–901Shiga Otsu IshiyamaderaIshiyama-dera, Ōtsu, Shiga
and [16] [17] Documents of the history of Sugaura that are relevant for the study of the history of, autonomous peasant communities in medieval Japan. The shōen map contains the boundaries of Sugaura and Ōura-shimo manors whose boundaries were contested at the time, but more prominently Chikubu Island in Lake Biwa with a temple-shrine complex (Jingū-ji).1302Kamakura period 1302 (map); Kamakura period – Edo period (documents)Shiga Nagahama Nishiazai Suga ShrineSuga Shrine, Nishiazai, Nagahama, Shiga
[18] [19] [20] Enchin and others Documents[21] surrounding Enchin's trip to China (953–958) containing information on his activities as well as on Sino-Japanese relations in the mid-9th century. They are also of interest for the study of calligraphy.0800Heian period and Tang dynasty, 9th–10th centuryTokyo Tokyo National MuseumTokyo National Museum, Tokyo
[22] Ono no Michikaze (transcription), Fujiwara Hirofumi (composer) Letter promoting Enchin, the teacher of Zōmyō, abbot of Enryaku-ji, 36 years after his death to the highest ecclesiastical rank: Great Master of the Dharma Seal (Hōin Daikashō) and granting the posthumous name: hishō Daishi0927-12-27Heian period, December 27, 927Tokyo Tokyo National MuseumTokyo National Museum, Tokyo
[23] A map showing a Shōen or manor in the Nara period. The depicted area is about 1,100m (NS) by 700m (EW).0750Nara period, second half of 8th centuryChiba Sakura National Museum of Japanese HistoryNational Museum of Japanese History, Sakura, Chiba
or List of individuals admitted into the mysteries of Shingon Buddhism[24] KūkaiList of people and deities who underwent the Abhiseka ritual at (now Jingo-ji) in 812, presided by Kūkai0812Heian period, 812Kyoto Kyoto JingojiJingo-ji, Kyoto
[25] Document containing the reason and circumstances of the establishment of Kanshin-ji temple and a list of the temple's assets from that time0883-09-15Heian period, September 15, 883Osaka Kawachinagano KanshinjiKanshin-ji, Kawachinagano, Osaka
[26] Inventory of Kanzeon-ji0905-10-01Heian period, October 1, 905Tokyo Tokyo University of the ArtsTokyo University of the Arts, Tokyo
[27] Emperor KameyamaDocument on the foundation of Nanzen-ji, formerly 1299-03-05Kamakura period, March 5, 1299Kyoto Kyoto NanzenjiNanzen-ji, Kyoto
[28] Fujiwara no TeikaDiary in classical Chinese of a visit with Emperor Go-Toba and Minamoto no Michichika to 1201-10Kamakura period, October, 1201Tokyo Tokyo Mitsui Memorial MuseumMitsui Memorial Museum, Tokyo
[29] Emperor Go-UdaChronicle in the almanac in the emperor's own handwriting1319Kamakura period, 1319Chiba Sakura National Museum of Japanese HistoryNational Museum of Japanese History, Sakura, Chiba
[30] [31] Emperor Go-UdaTestament of Emperor Go-Uda with handprints1308Kamakura period, 1308Kyoto Kyoto DaikakujiDaikaku-ji, Kyoto
[32] Emperor Go-UdaImperial letter praying for the growth of Tō-ji temple, written in the emperor's own handwriting one year after entering the priesthood1308-02-12Kamakura period, February 12, 1308Kyoto Kyoto TojiTō-ji, Kyoto
[33] Emperor Go-UdaThree letters in the emperor's own handwriting addressed to a monk of, Daigo-ji, with the intention of unifying the Ono (小野) and Hirosawa (広沢) branches of the Shingon sect1309Kamakura period, 1309Kyoto Kyoto DaigojiDaigo-ji, Kyoto
[34] Emperor Go-SagaOnly extant letter of Emperor Go-Saga, addressed to the cloistered Prince Doshin of Ninna-ji1246-04-15Kamakura period, April 15, 1246Kyoto Kyoto NinnajiNinna-ji, Kyoto
Emperor Go-DaigoWill in the emperor's own handwriting1333-08-24Kamakura period, August 24, 1333Kyoto Kyoto DaitokujiDaitoku-ji, Kyoto
[35] Emperor Go-Daigotranscription by Emperor Go-Daigo
Monkan-bō Kōshindesign and postscript by 		Certificate of highest confirmation in Esoteric Buddhism given by the priest Kūkai to his disciple Shinga1339-07-23Nanboku-chō period, July 23, 1339 (June 16, Engen 4)Kyoto Kyoto DaigojiDaigo-ji, Kyoto
Emperor Go-TobaWill and testament in the emperor's own handwriting with handprints1239-02-09Kamakura period, February 9, 1239Osaka Shimamoto Minase ShrineMinase Shrine, Shimamoto, Osaka
Fujiwara no Moromichi (also known as Go-Nijō Dono) and Fujiwara no Yorinaga (transcription)Diary of Fujiwara no Moromichi consisting of one volume in his own handwriting covering parts of the year 1093 and 29 volumes transcribed by Fujiwara no Yorinaga1083late Heian period, 1083–1099Kyoto Kyoto Yomei BunkoYōmei Bunko, Kyoto
[36] [37] Fujiwara no MichinagaDiary of Fujiwara no Michinaga consisting of 14 volumes in his own handwriting and 12 other volumes. It covers the years from 998 to 1021 with interruptions.0998Heian period, 998–1021Kyoto Kyoto Yomei BunkoYōmei Bunko, Kyoto
Catalogue of treasures and historical record of Kōryū-ji0794Heian periodKyoto Kyoto KoryujiKōryū-ji, Kyoto
Authentic register of property changes of Kōryū-ji temple0794Heian periodKyoto Kyoto KoryujiKōryū-ji, Kyoto
[38] [39] SaichōCatalogue of articles brought back to Japan by Kūkai from his trip to Tang dynasty China0800Heian period, 9th centuryKyoto Kyoto TojiTō-ji, Kyoto
[40] [41] KūkaiThree letters from Kūkai to Saichō mounted as a scroll0800Heian period, 9th centuryKyoto Kyoto TojiTō-ji, Kyoto
[42] Emperor TakakuraOnly extant letter of Emperor Takakura1178-11-13Heian period, November 13, 1178Kyoto Kyoto NinnajiNinna-ji, Kyoto
[43] Emperor SagaDocument in the emperor's own handwriting to the priest, after his vow to follow the precepts, certifying that Kōjō had undergone the rite known as Bosatsu-kai0823-04-14Heian period, April 14, 823Shiga Otsu EnryakujiEnryaku-ji, Ōtsu, Shiga
[44] Emperor Hanazono, Emperor Fushimi, Emperor Go-Daigo1265Kamakura period, 13th and 14th centuryTokyo Maeda IkutokukaiMaeda Ikutokukai, Tokyo
Ryōgen (Jie Daishi)Written by the 61-year-old priest Ryōgen, entrusting everything to his pupil . Contains detailed instructions on the funeral service0972-05Heian period, May, 972Kyoto Kyoto Rozanji, Kyoto
[45] Family register of Kuga, Yamaguchi from 9080908Heian period, 908Shiga Otsu IshiyamaderaIshiyama-dera, Ōtsu, Shiga
[46] [47] Collection of documents handed down in the Uesugi clan1185Kamakura period – Edo periodYamagata Yonezawa Yonezawa City Uesugi MuseumYonezawa City Uesugi Museum, Yonezawa, Yamagata
[48] Catalogue of items offered to the temple treasures by Emperor Uda about ten days before his death0950-01-10Heian period, January 10, 950Kyoto Kyoto NinnajiNinna-ji, Kyoto
Minamoto no ToshifusaDiary of Sadaijin Minamoto no Toshifusa in his own handwriting1077Heian period, 1077 and 1081Tokyo Maeda IkutokukaiMaeda Ikutokukai, Tokyo
[49] Emperor Shōmu0749-05-20Nara period, May 20, 749Shizuoka Makinohara Heiden, Makinohara, Shizuoka
[50] [51] EisaiDocument on the origin and meaning of the Ghost Festival as transmitted from Song dynasty China1178-07-15Heian period, July 15, 1178, ink on colored paper, 35.3cmx154cmcm (13.9inchesx61inchescm)Fukuoka Fukuoka Seiganji, Fukuoka, Fukuoka
ShunjōDocument on the origins of Sennyū-ji temple1221-10Kamakura period, October 1221Kyoto Kyoto SennyujiSennyū-ji, Kyoto
[52] [53] KūkaiDocument accompanying the present of four tanuki hair writing brushes to Emperor Saga. According to this document, the brushes were meant to be used for regular, semi-cursive, cursive script and for the hand-copying of sutras respectively.0794Heian periodKyoto Kyoto DaigojiDaigo-ji, Kyoto
[54] [55] Various documents[56] 0794Tang dynasty, Heian periodShiga Otsu MiideraMii-dera, Ōtsu, Shiga
[57] Letter addressed to the Imperial Court wishing for an increase of the number of people allowed to enter the priesthood from 10 to 12 per year due to the establishment of Tendai Buddhism0800Heian period, 9th centuryShiga Otsu EnryakujiEnryaku-ji, Ōtsu, Shiga
SaichōCatalogue of sacred books brought back by Saichō from Tang dynasty China0805-05-13Heian period, May 13, 805Shiga Otsu EnryakujiEnryaku-ji, Ōtsu, Shiga
[58] Three letters on Saichō entering priesthood and his vow to follow the precepts0780Nara period, 780–783Kyoto Kyoto Raigoin, Kyoto (Sakyō-ku)
Tang dynasty passing permits for Saichō: from Ningbo in 804 and from Taizhou in 8050804-09-12Tang dynasty, September 12, 804 and February 805Shiga Otsu EnryakujiEnryaku-ji, Ōtsu, Shiga
[59] [60] SaichōLetter known as from Saichō to, his favourite student at (now Jingo-ji)0813-11-25Heian period, November 25, 813Nara Nara Nara National MuseumNara National Museum, Nara
Fujiwara no Yukinariattributed to Fujiwara no YukinariLetter valued for its continuous unbroken calligraphy1000Heian period, 10th–11th centuryKyoto Kyoto Kyukyodo, Kyoto
[61] [62] Huge collection of documents covering a lot of ground starting from Shōen or manor related documents and including documents on the economic history and the history of Buddhism07008th century Nara period – late Edo periodKyoto Kyoto Kyoto Prefectural Library and Archives, Kyoto
Collection of documents on the history of Tōdai-ji temple0794Heian period – Muromachi periodNara Nara TodaijiTōdai-ji, Nara
or [63] [64] Fujiwara no Sukemasa/SariWritten from Shimonoseki on the way to Kyushu where Sasaki had been appointed (Assistant secretary of Dazaifu Province). Addressed to .0991Heian period, 991Tokyo Hatakeyama Memorial Museum of Fine ArtHatakeyama Memorial Museum of Fine Art, Tokyo
[65] Fujiwara no TadamichiCollection of 25 letters composed as a style manual for letter writing1100Heian period, 12th centuryKyoto Kyoto Kyoto National MuseumKyoto National Museum, Kyoto
[66] [67] Granite stone monument in remembrance of Atai Ide, governor of Nasu, consisting of a standing main stone with a hat stone. The main stone bears a calligraphic inscription (8 lines of 19 characters) which is influenced by the Northern Wei robust style.0699Asuka period, end of the 7th centuryTochigi Otawara Kasaishi Shrine, Ōtawara, Tochigi
[68] (transcription of the original by Ennin)Transcription of the 9th century original (lost) by Kanetane, a monk at, Kyoto1291-10-26Kamakura period, October 26, 1291 (post scriptum)Gifu Motosu Ando Sekisan Goshiprivate, Motosu, Gifu
[69] ShunjōWritten by the priest Shunjō in the last month before his death for his student 1227-03-22Kamakura period, March 22, 1227Kyoto Kyoto SennyujiSennyū-ji, Kyoto
[70] [71] [72] Fujiwara no TadachikaDocument requesting the restoration of Jingo-ji temple from Emperor Go-Shirakawa1185early Kamakura period, before 1192Kyoto Kyoto JingojiJingo-ji, Kyoto
,, Documents on the history, territory, function, etc. of Mount Kōya including letters by Minamoto no Yoritomo, Minamoto no Yoshitsune and Saigyō Hōshi0794Heian period – Azuchi-Momoyama periodWakayama Koya ReihokanReihōkan (owned by Kongōbu-ji), Kōya, Wakayama
[73] Fujiwara no Nakamaro, Fujiwara no Nagate, Koma Fukushin, Kamo Tsunotari and Kazuragi HenushiRecord of the objects bequeathed to the Hōryū-ji temple by Empress Kōken on occasion of the death of Emperor Shōmu0756-07-08Nara period, July 8, 756Tokyo Tokyo National MuseumGallery of Hōryū-ji Treasures, Tokyo National Museum, Tokyo
[74] [75] Fujiwara no TeikaComprehensive diary in classical Chinese, covering the life of the author from age 18 to his death. 1180Kamakura period, ca. 1180–1241Kyoto Kyoto Reizeike Shiguretei Bunko, Kyoto and private collection
[76] Written by the priest and founder of Daigo-ji Rigen Daishi 0907-06-02Heian period, June 2, 907Kyoto Kyoto DaigojiDaigo-ji, Kyoto
[77] SaichōAn inventory of 66 items that Saichō brought back from China and stored at Hiezan in 8050811-07-17Heian period, July 17, 811Shiga Otsu EnryakujiEnryaku-ji, Ōtsu, Shiga
[78] [79] Zhao MengfuLetters to the priest Zhongfeng Mingben (Chung Feng Ming Pen) in the style of Wang Xizhi expressing Zhao Mengfu's deep love and respect to Zhongfeng1300Yuan dynasty, 14th centuryTokyo Tokyo Seikado Bunko Art MuseumSeikadō Bunko Art Museum, Tokyo
[80] Map of rice fields in Naruto (today central Takaoka), a former manor of Tōdai-ji. The map had been in the possession of Tōdai-ji.0759Nara period, 759Nara Nara Nara National MuseumNara National Museum, Nara, Nara
[81] Collection of 3184 wooden tablets (mokkan) discovered at the Heijō Palace site and used in government and economic affairs during the ritsuryō system.0710Nara periodNara Nara Nara National Research Institute for Cultural PropertiesNara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties, Nara, Nara
[82] Stone stele with an inscription commemorating repairs of Taga Castle in 762. It is one of four ancient stele and mentioned in Oku no hosomichi by Matsuo Bashō.0762Nara period, 762inscription on stone, total height of stone: 248cm (98inches) (above ground 196cm (77inches)), maximum width: 103cm (41inches), maximum depth: 72cm (28inches)Miyagi TagajoTagajō, Miyagi

See also

Notes

  1. Book: Coaldrake , William Howard . Architecture and authority in Japan. 1996. 2002. Routledge. London, New York. 0-415-05754-X. 248. 2020-10-15. 2023-02-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20230219122505/https://books.google.com/books?id=bCLNX8_a4WQC&q=Law+for+the+Preservation+of+Ancient+Shrines+and+Temples&pg=PA248. live.
  2. Web site: Cultural Properties for Future Generations . Agency for Cultural Affairs, Cultural Properties Department . Tokyo, Japan . March 2017 . 2017-12-17 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171216231044/http://www.bunka.go.jp/tokei_hakusho_shuppan/shuppanbutsu/bunkazai_pamphlet/pdf/pamphlet_en_03_ver05.pdf . 2017-12-16 . dead.
  3. Web site: Agency for Cultural Affairs. ja:国指定文化財 データベース. Database of National Cultural Properties. 2009-04-16. 2008-11-01. http://www.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index.asp . ja. 2009-03-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20090330140022/http://www.bunka.go.jp/bsys/index.asp. dead.
  4. Web site: Historic Archaeological Periods in Japan. Charles T.. Keally. 2009-06-14. Japanese Archaeology. Charles T. Keally. 2010-09-09. 2011-05-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20110515063920/http://www.t-net.ne.jp/~keally/hist.html. live.
  5. Probably much before this date.
  6. Only the oldest period is counted, if a National Treasure consists of items from more than one period.
  7. The University of Tokyo Library System Bulletin Vol 42, No 4 . Tokyo University library . 2010-01-03 . September 2003 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110605102330/http://www.lib.u-tokyo.ac.jp/koho/kanpo/vol42/vol42-4.pdf . 2011-06-05.
  8. 33 document boxes are attached to the nomination.
  9. Web site: Special Exhibition – The Sacred World of Shinto Art in Kyoto, Images from the Exhibit, Section II Shinto History and Section III Festivals in Kyoto . . 2009-04-30 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080607031541/http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/tokubetsu/shoukai/kaifu.htm . 2008-06-07.
  10. Web site: ja:海部氏系図. ja. Genealogy of the Amabe Clan. Kono Shrine. 2010-01-03. http://www.motoise.jp/main/houmotu/keizu1.html . 2009-04-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20090408081607/http://www.motoise.jp/main/houmotu/keizu1.html. live.
  11. A survey document (海部氏勘注系図) of one rolled scroll is attached to the nomination.
  12. Book: A Carta do Vice-Rei D. Duarte de Menezes a Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 1588.. Letter from the viceroy D. Duarte de Menezes to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, 1588.. Colecção Fundação Cidade de Lisboa. 1995. Open Library. 2009-04-28. pt.
  13. Book: Commission for the protection of cultural properties . Mainichi Shimbun . Mainichi Shimbun . National Treasure Commission. ja:原色版国宝: 桃山・江戶・明治 . National Treasures in tricolor prints: Momoyama, Edo and Meiji periods . 原色版国宝: 上古・飛鳥・奈良 . 2010-09-05. National Treasures in tricolor prints, Commission for the protection of cultural properties . 12 . 1968. 136 . . ja.
  14. Web site: ja:越中国官倉納穀交替記残巻 . etchū kuni kansō nōkoku kōtaiki zankan . Ōtsu City Museum of History . ja . 2009-04-28 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722124423/http://www.rekihaku.otsu.shiga.jp/bunka/data/bz_359.html . 2011-07-22.
  15. Akihiro . Watanabe . Fudokoku in the Heian Period . Shigaku Zasshi . 98 . 12 . 1891–1937 . The Historical Society of Japan . 1989-12-20 . 0018-2478 . 2010-01-03 . 2012-04-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120401145152/http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/110002369240/ . live .
  16. Web site: http://www.bunka.go.jp/koho_hodo_oshirase/hodohappyo/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2018/03/09/a1402236_01_1.pdf. ja:国宝・重要文化財（美術工芸品）の指定について～. ja. Designation of National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties in the arts and crafts category. . 2018-03-09. Agency for Cultural Affairs. 2018-03-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20180310010751/http://www.bunka.go.jp/koho_hodo_oshirase/hodohappyo/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2018/03/09/a1402236_01_1.pdf. 2018-03-10. dead.
  17. Space in Shinto Shrines and Its Visual Representation from the Thirteenth through the Fifteenth Centuries . Simonova-Gudzenko . Ekaterina . 2015-11-13 . International Research Center for Japanese Studies . Interpretations of Japanese Culture : Views from Russia and Japan . International Symposium in Russia 2007 . 2018-03-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180310201440/http://publications.nichibun.ac.jp/region/d/NSH/series/symp/2009-12-15/s001/s037/pdf/article.pdf . 2018-03-10 . dead .
  18. Web site: Tokyo National Museum. Letter (Documents related to the priest Enchin).. Tokyo National Museum. 2009-04-28.
  19. Web site: The Agency for Cultural Affairs . ja:円珍関係文書 文化遺産オンライン . Documents related to the priest Enchin, cultural heritage online . . 2009-04-28 . ja . http://bunka.nii.ac.jp/SearchDetail.do?heritageId=77126&imageNum=5 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110723075437/http://bunka.nii.ac.jp/SearchDetail.do?heritageId=77126&imageNum=5 . 2011-07-23.
  20. Web site: Documents Related to Enchin. Tokyo National Museum. 2009-04-30. 2004. ja, zh, ko, en, fr. 2011-09-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20110927130719/http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100166?x=&y=&s=&d_lang=en&s_lang=ja&word=%E5%86%86%E7%8F%8D%E9%96%A2%E4%BF%82%E6%96%87%E6%9B%B8&class=&title=&c_e=&region=&era=&cptype=&owner=&pos=1&num=1&mode=simple&century=. live.
  21. The eight rolled scrolls are:
    1. , 31.2cm–56.1cmcm (12.3inches–22.1inchescm)
    2. , 29.3cm–192cmcm (11.5inches–76inchescm)
    3. , 29.4cm–139.1cmcm (11.6inches–54.8inchescm)
    4. , 31.2cm–56.1cmcm (12.3inches–22.1inchescm), 27.8cm–39.3cmcm (10.9inches–15.5inchescm)
    5. , 31.2cm–56.1cmcm (12.3inches–22.1inchescm), 30.5cm–134cmcm (12inches–53inchescm)
    6. , 30cm–338cmcm (10inches–133inchescm)
    7. , 30.3cm–266cmcm (11.9inches–105inchescm)
    8. , 29.6cm–48.4cmcm (11.7inches–19.1inchescm)
  22. Web site: Imperial Decree Granting Ecclesiastical Rank of Hōin Daikashō and Posthumous Name Chishō Daishi to Enchin. Tokyo National Museum. 2009-04-30. 2004. ja, zh, ko, en, fr.
  23. Web site: ja:額田寺伽藍並条里図 . Map of Nukata-dera garan and its vicinity . ja . . 2009-05-11 . http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/gallery/nukata/index.html . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090212151028/http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/gallery/nukata/index.html . 2009-02-12.
  24. A one rolled scroll imperial letter by Emperor Go-Uda on the endowment of temple properties is attached to the nomination.
  25. Web site: ja:観心寺縁起資財帳. Official Register and Inventory for Kanshinji. Kawachinagano city. 2009-04-30. ja. http://www.city.kawachinagano.lg.jp/static/kakuka/kyousha/history-hp/bunkazai/date-base/isan-date/nation/kokuhou/kokuho06.html . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721135709/http://www.city.kawachinagano.lg.jp/static/kakuka/kyousha/history-hp/bunkazai/date-base/isan-date/nation/kokuhou/kokuho06.html. 2011-07-21. dead.
  26. Web site: ja:観世音寺資財帳. Inventory of Kanzeon-ji. Tokyo University of the Arts. 2009-04-30. http://db.am.geidai.ac.jp/object.cgi?id=1284 . ja. 2007-12-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20071224214524/http://db.am.geidai.ac.jp/object.cgi?id=1284. live.
  27. One bound registration book is attached to the nomination.
  28. Web site: Collection. Mitsui Memorial Museum. 2010-09-11. ja. 2010-05-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20100510212857/http://www.mitsui-museum.jp/collection/collection.html. live.
  29. Web site: The Function of Medieval Temples and Monasteries . REKIHAKU Special Exhibition 2002 . . 2011-06-06 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721054144/http://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/english/exhibitions/project/o021001.html . 2011-07-21.
  30. Web site: Treasures of Daikaku-ji Temple . . 2009-05-08 . 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110612033117/http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/tenji/chinretsu/daimei/daimei.html . 2011-06-12.
  31. Web site: Will with Handprints by Emperor Go-Uda . . 2009-05-08 . 2008 . ja . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100412025658/http://www.daikakuji.or.jp/kedai/meiho_e_04.html . 2010-04-12.
  32. Web site: Thematic Exhibition – Imperial Calligraphy: Stylistic Developments in Emperors' Writings. Tokyo National Museum. 2009-05-08. 2009.
  33. Book: Kyoto National Museum. 弘法大師と密教美術. Asahi Shimbun. ja:弘法大師と密教美術: 入定1150年. Kobō Daishi and the Art of Esoteric Buddhism: 1150th anniversary of entering nirvana. 2010-09-05. ja. 1983. 259. Kyoto National Museum.
  34. Web site: Calligraphy by Emperors: The Sentiment that Went into Imperial Letters . . 2009-05-08 . 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110612033243/http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/tenji/chinretsu/sinkan/sinkan.html . 2011-06-12.
  35. Book: Kyoto National Museum. Yomiuri Shimbun. Koku hō, Kyōtō Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan. 1969. 2009-12-31. ja. 83735789. Yomiuri Shimbun. Kyoto National Museum.
  36. Attached to the nomination are an excerpt of the history of an enshrinement hall (御堂御記抄) consisting of five rolled scrolls and one hanging scroll; and an inventory of an enshrinement hall (御堂御暦記目録) consisting of one single-sheet letter.
  37. Web site: Special Exhibition – The Legacy of Fujiwara no Michinaga: Courtly Splendor and Pure Land Faith . . 2009-05-08 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071230034709/http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/tokubetsu/070424/tokubetsu.html . 2007-12-30.
  38. Book: Peter Francis Kornicki . BRILL. 90-04-10195-0. 285. Peter Kornicki. The book in Japan: a cultural history from the beginnings to the nineteenth century. 2009-05-08. 1998.
  39. Attached to the nomination is a donation letter from June 21, 1341.
  40. Web site: ja:弘法大師筆尺牘三通 . Three letters by Kūkai . Kochi Shimbun . 2009-11-04 . http://www.kochinews.co.jp/rensai99/kukain02.htm . ja . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080616061149/http://www.kochinews.co.jp/rensai99/kukain02.htm . 2008-06-16.
  41. Attached to the nomination are a donation and an escort letter.
  42. Attached to the nomination is one hanging scroll of a letter by
  43. Web site: ja:嵯峨天皇宸翰光定戒牒 . Ordination certificate of monk Kōjō . Otsu City Museum of History . 2010-09-05 . http://www.rekihaku.otsu.shiga.jp/bunka/data/bz_335.html . ja . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722124439/http://www.rekihaku.otsu.shiga.jp/bunka/data/bz_335.html . 2011-07-22.
  44. Web site: ja:前田家の名宝 . Treasures of the Maeda family . . 2010-09-05 . http://www.ishibi.pref.ishikawa.jp/tayori/2007/tayori_08/tayori_syosai08_1.html . ja . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722110936/http://www.ishibi.pref.ishikawa.jp/tayori/2007/tayori_08/tayori_syosai08_1.html . 2011-07-22.
  45. Web site: ja:周防国玖珂郡玖珂郷延喜八年戸籍残巻 . Fragment of a census from 908 in Kuga, Kuga District, Suō Province . Otsu City Museum of History . 2009-05-08 . http://www.rekihaku.otsu.shiga.jp/bunka/data/bz_361.html . ja . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722124428/http://www.rekihaku.otsu.shiga.jp/bunka/data/bz_361.html . 2011-07-22.
  46. Attached to the nomination are 325 bound books or fourteen copies of a chronological record of successive generations and three covered containers.
  47. Web site: ja:上杉家文書 . Uesugi Family documents . . 2010-01-07 . http://www.pref.yamagata.jp/ou/kyoiku/700015/bunkazai/bunkazainews/publicfolder200605297731499986/kokuhou/uesugikemonjo.html . ja . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110927152707/http://www.pref.yamagata.jp/ou/kyoiku/700015/bunkazai/bunkazainews/publicfolder200605297731499986/kokuhou/uesugikemonjo.html . 2011-09-27.
  48. Book: Ishida , Mosaku . Japanese Buddhist prints. Terry. Charles S.. 1964. H. N. Abrams. 2010-01-07. 13.
  49. News: Yomiuri Shimbun. National Treasures of Japan – Exhibition catalogure, April 10 – May 27, 1990, Tokyo National Museum. 1990. ja.
  50. Web site: ja:博物館情報: 誓願寺盂蘭盆縁起. Museum Information: Origin and history of Bon Festival at Seigan-ji. Kyushu National Museum. 2009-05-11. http://www.kyuhaku.jp/news/news_051202.html . ja. 2011-07-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20110719233946/http://www.kyuhaku.jp/news/news_051202.html. live.
  51. One rolled scroll, is attached to the nomination.
  52. Web site: ja:狸毛筆奉献表. Surviving passages of memorial presented to Emperor Saga. lincs. 2009-05-11. http://lincs.co.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=234&categoryID=2 . ja. 2011-07-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20110716134925/http://lincs.co.jp/modules/xwords/entry.php?entryID=234&categoryID=2. dead.
  53. Book: Yamasaki , Shigehisa . Chronological table of Japanese art. 2010-01-07. Geishinsha. 1981. 454.
  54. Web site: Documents and books. Mii-dera. 2010-01-08. ja. 2010-01-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20100124025345/http://www.shiga-miidera.or.jp/treasure/document/index.htm. live.
  55. Web site: ja:智証大師関係文書典籍 . Writings related to the priest Enchin . Otsu City Museum of History . 2010-01-08 . http://www.rekihaku.otsu.shiga.jp/bunka/data/bz_351.html . ja . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722124432/http://www.rekihaku.otsu.shiga.jp/bunka/data/bz_351.html . 2011-07-22.
    1. Six documents related to his secular surname (family tree) and priestly rank
    2. Five documents related to his trip to China (peaceful prayer and correspondence)
    3. Five catalogues of sacred books and sutras obteined in China
    4. Ten documents related to teaching Buddhism
    5. Eight sacred books collected in China
    6. Three documents in his own handwriting
    7. Nine dated and signed messages
  57. Web site: ja:特別展 最澄と天台の国宝. Special exhibition: Saichō and Treasures of Tendai. Tokyo National Museum. 2010-09-03. http://www.tnm.go.jp/jp/servlet/Con?pageId=B01&processId=01&event_id=2773 . ja.
  58. Book: Asahi Shimbun. Hieizan to Tendai no bijutsu: Hieizan kaisō 1200-nen kinen. 2010-01-08. Asahi Shimbun. 1986. ja. 413. Asahi Shimbun.
  59. Web site: ja:伝教大師筆尺牘 （久隔帖） . Letter penned by Saichō (Kykaku-jō) . . 2009-05-11 . http://sips03.narahaku.go.jp/meihin/syoseki/098.html . ja . dead . https://archive.today/20110719233133/http://sips03.narahaku.go.jp/meihin/syoseki/098.html . 2011-07-19.
  60. Web site: Letter penned by the Saicho monk. emuseum. Tokyo National Museum. 2010-09-11. 2004. ja, zh, ko, en, fr. 2011-09-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20110927130738/http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100243?x=&y=&s=&d_lang=en&s_lang=ja&word=&class=2&title=&c_e=&region=&era=&cptype=&owner=&pos=9&num=2&mode=detail&century=. dead.
  61. Web site: ja:東寺百合文書. Documents and treasures of Tō-ji. Yokohama National University. 2010-01-08. http://www.lib.ynu.ac.jp/KANPOU/19-1/touji.html . ja. 2011-07-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20110722080721/http://www.lib.ynu.ac.jp/KANPOU/19-1/touji.html. live.
  62. Attached to the nomination are 94 document boxes donated by Maeda Tsunanori in 1685.
  63. Web site: Letter by Fujiwara no Sari . . Collection . 2009-05-07 . ja . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090227080611/http://www.ebara.co.jp/csr/hatakeyama/collection/co01.html . 2009-02-27.
  64. Attached to the nomination is one hanging scroll by Konoe Iehiro.
  65. Web site: Draft Letters. emuseum. Tokyo National Museum. 2004. https://web.archive.org/web/20070816000422/http://www.emuseum.jp/cgi/pkihon.cgi?SyoID=5&ID=w030&SubID=s000. 2007-08-16. ja, zh, ko, en, fr.
  66. Web site: ja:那須国造碑 . Stone in Nasu County . 2010-01-08 . ja . . http://www.ohtawara.info/spot/ksaishi.html . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110613140112/http://www.ohtawara.info/spot/ksaishi.html . 2011-06-13.
  67. Web site: ja:那須国造碑. Stone in Nasu County. 2010-01-08. ja. Tochigi Prefecture. http://www.tochigi-edu.ed.jp/center/bunkazai/bunkazai/list/12.htm . 2011-07-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20110722103442/http://www.tochigi-edu.ed.jp/center/bunkazai/bunkazai/list/12.htm. live.
  68. Web site: ja:代表作品のご紹介 . Introduction to Masterpieces . 2010-01-08 . ja . . http://www.muse.pref.tochigi.jp/ennin/tenji.html . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722125311/http://www.muse.pref.tochigi.jp/ennin/tenji.html . 2011-07-22.
  69. Book: Yamasaki , Shigehisa . Chronological table of Japanese art. 2010-01-07. Geishinsha. 1981. 343.
  70. Web site: Special Exhibition – Bridging Tradition: The 110th Anniversary Exhibition of the Kyoto National Museum . . 2009-05-12 . 2009 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110612014522/http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/tokubetsu/060715/shoukai/index.htm . 2011-06-12.
  71. 23. 3–4. . Jacqueline I. Stone. The Imperial Law and the Buddhist Law. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies. 1996.
  72. Web site: ja:藤原忠親. Fujiwara no Tadachika. kotobank. 2009-12-09. ja.
  73. Web site: Record of Imperial Bequest to the Hōryū-ji. emuseum. Tokyo National Museum. 2010-09-11. 2004. ja, zh, ko, en, fr. 2011-09-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20110927130809/http://www.emuseum.jp/detail/100206?x=&y=&s=&d_lang=en&s_lang=ja&word=%E6%B3%95%E9%9A%86%E5%AF%BA%E7%8C%AE%E7%89%A9%E5%B8%B3&class=&title=&c_e=&region=&era=&cptype=&owner=&pos=1&num=1&mode=simple&century=. dead.
  74. Web site: Shimosaka. Mamoru. Melissa M. Rinne. Meigetsuki (The Record of the Clear Moon). Kyoto National Museum. 2009-04-28. 2014-05-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20140515005634/http://www.kyohaku.go.jp/eng/dictio/data/shoseki/sadaie.htm#02. dead.
  75. Attached to the nomination are one scroll of a supplementary manuscript, and 10 pages of the former binding mounted on one rolled scroll.
  76. Book: ja:日本の仏敎を築いた人びと: その肖像と書. People who built Japanese Buddhism: portraits and writings. 日本の仏敎を築いた人びと. 2010-09-04. ja. Nara National Museum. 1981. 72.
  77. Web site: ja:羯磨金剛目録 . List of Ritual Implements of Esoteric Buddhism and other objects brought back by the Priest Saichō . Ōtsu City Museum of History . ja . 2010-09-04 . http://www.rekihaku.otsu.shiga.jp/bunka/data/bz_331.html . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722124435/http://www.rekihaku.otsu.shiga.jp/bunka/data/bz_331.html . 2011-07-22.
  78. Web site: ja:趙子昂書 (与中峰明本尺牘) . Zhao Mengfu (Epistle to Zhongfeng Mingben) . . 2011-05-08 . http://www.seikado.or.jp/040104.html . ja . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110726071152/http://www.seikado.or.jp/040104.html . 2011-07-26.
  79. Web site: Epistle to Zhongfeng Mingben. Image Database. University of California. 2009-05-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20110818100759/http://images.ucdavis.edu/display/work.php?id=4163. 2011-08-18. dead.
  80. Web site: ja:越 中国射水郡鳴戸村墾田図. Map of rice fields in Naruto village, Imizu District, Etchū Province. Nara National Museum. 2010-07-02. http://www.narahaku.go.jp/collection/?action=detail&c=1420&s=0&meihin=1 . ja. 2011-07-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20110719233147/http://www.narahaku.go.jp/collection/?action=detail&c=1420&s=0&meihin=1. live.
  81. Web site: ja:文化審議会答申 国宝・重要文化財（美術工芸品）の指定について . Council of Cultural Affairs: Designation of National Treasures and Important Cultural Properties in the Arts and Crafts category . . 2017-03-10 . 2017-11-13 . http://www.bunka.go.jp/koho_hodo_oshirase/hodohappyo/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2017/08/18/2017031002.pdf . ja . 2017-11-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171114093339/http://www.bunka.go.jp/koho_hodo_oshirase/hodohappyo/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2017/08/18/2017031002.pdf . dead.
  82. Web site: ja:文化審議会答申 . Report from the culture commission . . 2024-03-15 . 2024-03-16 . https://www.bunka.go.jp/koho_hodo_oshirase/hodohappyo/pdf/94018601_01.pdf . ja . https://web.archive.org/web/20240316025218/https://www.bunka.go.jp/koho_hodo_oshirase/hodohappyo/pdf/94018601_01.pdf . 2024-03-16 . live.

References

Bibliography

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "List of National Treasures of Japan (ancient documents)".

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