This is a list of National Historic Sites (French: Lieux historiques nationaux) in the province of New Brunswick. There are 63 National Historic Sites designated in New Brunswick, as of 2018, eight of which are administered by Parks Canada (identified below by the beaver icon).[1] [2] The first National Historic Sites to be designated in New Brunswick were Fort Beauséjour – Fort Cumberland and Fort Gaspareaux in 1920. However, the first historical property in the national park system was Fort Howe National Park in Saint John, created in 1914.
Numerous National Historic Events also occurred across New Brunswick, and are identified at places associated with them, using the same style of federal plaque which marks National Historic Sites. Several National Historic Persons are commemorated throughout the province in the same way. The markers do not indicate which designation—a Site, Event, or Person—a subject has been given.
This list uses names designated by the national Historic Sites and Monuments Board, which may differ from other names for these sites.
| Site | Date(s) | Designated | Location | Description | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Chipman Hill[3] | 1854 (c.) (completed) | 1984 | Saint John 45.2741°N -66.0632°W | Symbolic of upper-middle class urban housing in Saint John during the mid-19th century; features a variety of decorative trompe-l'œil wall and ceiling murals | |
| Arts Building | 1827 (completed) | 1951 | Fredericton 45.9483°N -66.6413°W | A classically inspired masonry structure at the University of New Brunswick; the oldest university building in Canada still in continuous use | |
| Augustine Mound | 500 (c.) BCE (established) | 1975 | Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation 46.9301°N -65.8222°W | A circular ritual site surrounding a burial mound; a sacred site representative of Mi'kmaq spirituality, exhibiting Adena burial rituals | |
| 1790 (established) | 2001 | Miramichi 46.9775°N -65.5617°W | A 24ha site featuring the remains of an early 19th-century shipyard typical of a New Brunswick one in its time; an undisturbed cultural landscape combining national and archaeological features associated with 19th-century shipbuilding in eastern Canada | ||
| Belmont House / R. Wilmot Home | 1820 (completed) | 1975 | Lincoln 45.9137°N -66.5872°W | ||
| 1756 (camp established) | 1930 | Miramichi 46.9698°N -65.5786°W | |||
| 1815 (completed) | 1930 | Saint John 45.2521°N -66.076°W | |||
| Chandler House / Rocklyn | 1831 (completed) | 1971 | Dorchester 45.8986°N -64.5152°W | ||
| Charlotte County Court House | 1840 (completed) | 1981 | St. Andrews 45.0757°N -67.0492°W | A simple wood-frame courthouse with a pedimented portico; the best preserved example in New Brunswick of the typical mid-19th century Maritime courthouse | |
| Christ Church Anglican | 1856 (completed) | 1990 | Maugerville 45.8714°N -66.4463°W | ||
| Christ Church Cathedral | 1853 (completed) | 1981 | Fredericton 45.9575°N -66.635°W | A cathedral whose spire is a landmark in the historic centre of Fredericton; one of the best examples of ecclesiological Gothic Revival architecture in Canada, and one which established an architectural pattern followed in the design of many churches in 19th-century Canada | |
| Connell House | 1840 (completed) | 1975 | Woodstock 46.1511°N -67.5751°W | A Greek Revival wooden mansion distinguished by a double-height columned verandah; in the early 19th century, large homes inspired by classical temples were common in the United States, but comparatively rare in Canada | |
| Denys Fort / Habitation[4] | 1600s (c.) (established) | 1952 | Shippagan 47.8813°N -64.5895°W | Archaeological remains of a 17th-century French trading post; became a common resort for French fishermen, fur traders and missionaries, and a trading point between them and the Micmac Indians; the Jesuits operated a mission for the inhabitants living there | |
| 1751 (established) | 1920 | Aulac 45.8646°N -64.2916°W | |||
| 1645 (established) | 1923 | Saint John 45.2628°N -66.0757°W | The site of a succession of military forts between 1645 and 1775 due to its strategic position on the western edge of the city's harbour and overlooking the Saint John River; today the site is marked by a cairn and a boulder | ||
| 1751 (established) | 1920 | Strait Shores 46.0429°N -64.0708°W | An archaeological site containing traces of a French fort; symbolic of the struggle between France and Britain for North America in the 1750s | ||
| 1777 (established) | 1914/1966 | Saint John 45.2767°N -66.0731°W | The partial reconstruction of a fort that guarded Saint John from the American Revolutionary War through to the War of 1812; the fort's designation as a National Historic Park in 1914 marked the beginning of Canada's emerging system of National Historic Sites. Fort Howe was in the national park system from 1914 to 1930, when it was given to the city. It was later designated a National Historic Site in 1966 outside the park system. | ||
| [5] | 1659 (established) | 1927 | Jemseg 45.7685°N -66.1322°W | Site of an English trading post, captured by the Dutch in 1674 under Captain Jurriaen Aernouts, who named the country New Holland, claiming possession for the Prince of Orange | |
| 1631 (established) | 1923 | Saint John 45.2727°N -66.0723°W | An archaeological site containing the remains of a 17th-century fortified fur-trading post established by Charles de Saint-Étienne de la Tour; one of the earliest centres of the French fur trade with the Aboriginal peoples in the region | ||
| 1691 (established) | 1924 | Fredericton 45.9614°N -66.6267°W | The site of a French fort that had once sat at the mouth of the Nashwaak River where it meets the Saint John River; the base of many raids against New England, one of which resulted in the Siege of Pemaquid in 1696 | ||
| 1659 (fort established) | 1930 | Grand Bay–Westfield 45.37°N -66.2342°W | A cairn marking the approximate site of a fortified Maliseet stronghold, and then a small French fort, at the confluence of the Nerepis River and Saint John River; the remains of the fortifications and their precise locations have never been found | ||
| 1876 (completed) | 1984 | Fredericton 45.9636°N -66.6431°W | A three-storey, Second Empire style town hall; the oldest municipal hall in Atlantic Canada still used for civic administration | ||
| Fredericton Military Compound[6] | 1784 (established) | 1960 | Fredericton 45.9627°N -66.6407°W | An important grouping of British colonial-era military buildings, which has served as premises for both military and government institutions for over 200 years | |
| 1821 (completed) | 1990 | Moncton 46.0941°N -64.774°W | A simple wood-frame meeting house that, as the only local place of worship at the time, was used by all denominations; a symbol of religious tolerance in the Maritimes | ||
| 1824 (completed) | 1994 | St. Andrews 45.0769°N -67.0537°W | A church noteworthy for its role in the development of Presbyterianism in New Brunswick; an excellent example of the Palladian style in Canadian church architecture | ||
| 1889 (completed) | 1990 | Sackville 45.8996°N -64.377°W | A house built for artist John A. Hammond and now located on the campus of Mount Allison University; an excellent example of the Queen Anne Revival Style in Canadian domestic architecture | ||
| 1921 (completed) | 1980 | Hartland 46.2966°N -67.5307°W | A wooden covered bridge crossing the Saint John River; the longest existing covered bridge in the world | ||
| 1913 (completed) | 1985 | Saint John 45.2727°N -66.0577°W | An early 20th-century theatre facing onto King's Square; a nationally significant example of a theatre built specifically for live performances | ||
| [7] | 1700s (c.) (established) | 1933 | Aulac 45.9159°N -64.267°W | Site may represent 18th-century Acadian construction | |
| 1817 (completed) | 1958 | Saint John 45.2746°N -66.0613°W | An excellent example of New England–style Federal architecture, and representative of the houses built by prosperous United Empire Loyalists; one of the oldest residences in the city and a survivor of the Great Fire, the house was maintained by five generations of the same family until 1959 | ||
| 1831 (completed) | 1989 | Miramichi 47.0222°N -65.5103°W | A sandstone building with a domed cupola, overlooking the Miramichi River; the oldest surviving marine hospital in Canada | ||
| 1885 (completed) | 1986 | Fredericton 45.9782°N -66.5888°W | A four-storey, red-brick cotton mill building with a central tower; representative of the brick pier mills that were common in the Canadian textile industry | ||
| 1840 (c.) (established) | 1993 | Fredericton 45.9789°N -66.5882°W | A former industrial community on the banks of the Nashwaak River; a rare surviving example of a 19th-century, single-industry company town with both its plant and company housing intact | ||
| 1901 (completed) | 1976 | McAdam 45.589°N -67.33°W | A stone, Chateau-style railway station and hotel; associated with the period of the rapid growth of the Canadian Pacific Railway and a rare surviving example of a combined station and hotel | ||
| 1600s (c.) | 1924 | Lakeland Ridges 45.589°N -67.33°W | The principal settlement of the Maliseet in the 17th century, and an important fur trading centre; the construction of the Mactaquac Dam in 1968 flooded the site, and the cairn marking the site was moved to nearby Fort Meductic Road | ||
| 1889 (estate established) | 1996 | St. Andrews 45.589°N -67.33°W | The picturesque summer estate and gentleman's farm of William Cornelius Van Horne on a 280ha island in Passamaquoddy Bay | ||
| 1000 (c.) BCE (established) | 1978 | St. Andrews 45.589°N -67.33°W | Archaeological sites containing the remains of four houses and a shell midden originating from a coastal winter settlement | ||
| 1856 (completed) | 1974 | Miscou Island 48.009°N -64.491°W | One of the few remaining wooden, octagonal, tapered lighthouses in Canada; among the oldest in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence region | ||
| 1856 (completed) | 1994 | Memramcook 45.9794°N -64.5667°W | Built in memory of Camille Lefebvre, who founded the first French language institution to confer university degrees in Atlantic Canada; now serves as an Acadian cultural centre | ||
| 1841 (completed) | 1995 | Saint John 45.2735°N -66.0568°W | The oldest remaining fire hall in Canada built to house hand-operated pumper fire engines; symbolic of the early phase in fire fighting in Canada when volunteer fire companies were the primary line of defence against fires in Victorian-era cities | ||
| 1828 (completed) | 1958 | Fredericton 45.9657°N -66.6559°W | The stone Palladian-style official residence of the Lieutenant Governor; the location of a historic 1866 meeting between Governor Arthur Gordon and Premier Albert James Smith which paved the way for the colony's entry into Confederation | ||
| Ordnance Building[8] | 1842 (built) | 2015 | Saint John 45.2654°N -66.0543°W | Rare colonial-era military ordnance building, it survived the Great Fire of 1877 | |
| Our Lady of the Assumption Cathedral[9] | 1939–40 (built) | 2017 | Moncton 46.0908°N -64.7817°W | Built as a symbol of the achievements and resilience of Acadians, embodies the final phase of the Acadian renaissance; recounts their history in decorative elements and is built combining styles of Art Deco, Gothic Revival and Romanesque | |
| 1000 BCE (c.) (community established) | 1982 | Metepenagiag Mi'kmaq Nation 46.9388°N -65.8112°W | A site where stratified archaeological resources are buried in the silts and gravels of the Little Southwest Miramichi River bank; a unique cultural record of a 3000-year Mi’kmaq community | ||
| 1830 (established) | 1974 | Saint John 45.2392°N -66.0533°W | One of two major quarantine stations in Canada in the 19th century, established to protect the citizenry from contagious diseases carried by passengers and crews of in-coming ships | ||
| 1877 (construction after Great Fire) | 1981 | Saint John 45.2714°N -66.0618°W | A concentration of architecturally notable late 19th-century public and commercial buildings within a two-block area | ||
| 1860 (completed) | 1976 | Rothesay 45.3894°N -65.9992°W | |||
| 1876 (completed) | 1986 | Saint John 45.2739°N -66.0599°W | A rare and notable surviving example of a 19th-century market building, illustrates the development of 19th-century market buildings in Canada; survived the Great Fire of 1877 due to its solid, fire-resistant design | ||
| 1829 (completed) | 1974 | Saint John 45.2737°N -66.0568°W | A neoclassical court house typical of early-19th-century, British public buildings in Canada; representative of the judicial system in the province | ||
| 1870 (established) | 1995 | Grand Manan Island 44.6519°N -66.8391°W | 54 wooden buildings surrounding a cove bounded by breakwaters; a cultural landscape once typical of the Maritimes, but increasingly rare today, and evocative of the Atlantic herring fishery | ||
| 1813 (completed) | 1962 | St Andrews 45.0771°N -67.0619°W | One of the few surviving Canadian examples of a War of 1812 blockhouse; built by the citizens of St. Andrews to protect the town from American raiders | ||
| 1783 (town founded) | 1962 | St Andrews 45.0732°N -67.0474°W | A grid of sixty blocks comprising the original part of the present town; a fine example of a town in Canada that still reflects an 18th-century British colonial town plan | ||
| 1847 (completed) | 1989 | Fredericton 45.9611°N -66.6484°W | A small Gothic Revival stone church reflective of the influence of the principles of the Cambridge Camden Society in Canada | ||
| 1826 (completed) | 1989 | Saint John 45.2761°N -66.0616°W | |||
| 1833 (completed) | 1994 | Quispamsis 45.4439°N -65.9881°W | |||
| 1886 (completed) | 1990 | Fredericton 45.9599°N -66.6454°W | A former Presbyterian, now United, church; it is an excellent example of the High Victorian Gothic Revival style in Canada | ||
| 1887 (completed) | 1983 | St. Stephen 45.1925°N -67.2771°W | |||
| 1810 (completed) | 1965 | Arcadia 45.7827°N -66.1433°W | |||
| 1678 (established as capital) | 1925 | Sackville 45.8531°N -64.2778°W | A settlement established in 1676 by Michel Leneuf de la Vallière, which served as the capital of Acadia from 1678 to 1684 | ||
| 1789 (completed) | 1977 | Kingston 45.5026°N -65.9758°W | The oldest surviving Anglican church in New Brunswick and a rare Maritimes example of a church and rectory surviving as a unit | ||
| 1851 (completed) | 1954 | Fredericton 45.9481°N -66.6407°W | A wooden, octagonal tower that was the first astronomical observatory in Canada; was equipped with the best instruments of its day, and helped determine the longitude of places in New Brunswick and correct errors in international boundaries | ||
| Wolastoq (Saint John River) | 2011 | Section of the Saint John River between Edmundston and the Bay of Fundy 45.2667°N -66.0667°W | A river that played an important role in 10,000 years of Maliseet history and 400 years of European settlement | ||
| 1858 (completed) | 1980 | Fredericton 45.961°N -66.6375°W | The earliest surviving New Brunswick court house constructed of brick; represents the beginning of a trend towards the widespread use of brick and stone in public buildings in the province; combination of use as a market and court house is unique among surviving Maritime public buildings | ||