List of Missouri ballot measures explained
The following is a list of statewide initiatives and referendums modifying state law and proposing state constitutional amendments in Missouri, sorted by election.
2000s
2004
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 2 | Prohibited same-sex marriages from being recognized in Missouri. | | 1,055,771 (70.61%) | 439,529 (29.39%) | |
2006
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 2 | Stem Cell Research and Cures Initiative. Allows any stem cell research and therapy that is legal under federal law, including somatic cell nuclear transfer to produce human embryos for stem cell production. It prohibits cloning or attempting to clone a human being. | | 1,085,396 (51.2%) | 1,034,596 (48.8%) | |
2008
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 1 | English Official Language Amendment. Would establish English as the official language in all government meetings. | | 2,407,536 (86.31%) | 381,874 (13.69%) |
| Amendment 4 | Storm Water Control Finance Amendment. Would limit grants and loans to only be given to public water and sewer districts. | | 1,494,107 (57.85%) | 1,088,728 (42.15%) |
| Proposition A | Gambling Loss Limits Act. Would eliminate gambling loss limits while restricting the number of casinos that can be built in the state and increasing the gambling tax to provide for public school education. | | 1,578,674 (56.17%) | 1,231,892 (43.83%) |
| Proposition B | Quality Homecare Council Act. Would create the Missouri Quality Homecare Council which would be tasked with improving health care for the elderly. | | 2,077,831 (75.26%) | 683,137 (24.74%) |
| Proposition C | Clean Energy Act. Would require utility companies to slowly increase their usage of renewable energy. | | 1,777,500 (66.03%) | 914,332 (33.97%) | |
2010s
2010
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Proposition C | Healthcare Freedom Act. Prohibit the government to impose penalties on people who do not purchase health insurance. | | 669,847 (71.07%) | 272,723 (28.93%) | |
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 1 | Election of Charter County Assessors Amendment. Would require all county assessors to be an elected position (except in Jackson County). | | 1,360,556 (74.12%) | 475,000 (25.88%) |
| Amendment 2 | Prisoner of War Property Tax Exemption Amendment. All property owned by former prisoner of war used as their household is exempt from property taxes. | | 1,227,297 (65.76%) | 639,065 (34.24%) |
| Amendment 3 | Real Estate Taxation Amendment. Would prohibit any new tax on the selling or transferring of real estate. | | 1,592,177 (83.73%) | 309,398 (16.27%) |
| Proposition A | Earnings Tax Act. Would require cities to hold referendums on earnings tax levied by the city. | | 1,297,197 (68.39%) | 599,672 (31.61%) |
| Proposition B | Dog Breeding Regulation Act. Would require large-scale dog breeding operations to provide humane treatment and limits the number of dogs they can own. Also would create the misdemeanor crime of "puppy mill cruelty." | | 997,870 (51.59%) | 936,190 (48.41%) | |
2012
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 2 | Public Prayer Amendment. Would guarantee the right to pray and worship on public property. Also required public schools to display the bill of rights and allow children the right to pray in school. | | 780,567 (82.8%) | 162,631 (17.2%) | |
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 3 | Judicial Appointment Amendment. Would change the selection of supreme court judges from a nonpartisan process to one that would give the governor more discretion and control over a selecting commission. | | 608,458 (24%) | 1,929,470 (76%) |
| Proposition A | Municipal Police Amendment. Would effectively transfer the control over the St. Louis police force from the state government to the city. | | 1,617,443 (63.9%) | 914,143 (36.1%) |
| Proposition B | Tobacco Tax Initiative. Introduces a tax on tobacco products to fund tobacco prevention services in education institutions. | | 1,321,586 (49.2%) | 1,362,005 (50.8%) |
| Proposition E | Health Care Exchange Question. Would prohibit the governor from establishing any state-operated health insurance exchange without approval from the legislature or an amendment. | | 1,573,292 (61.7%) | 976,250 (38.3%) | |
2014
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 1 | Right-to-Farm Amendment. Would guarantee farmers and ranchers a right to farm and produce food for others. | [1] | 499,963 (50.12%) | 497,588 (49.88%) |
| Amendment 5 | Right to Bear Arms Amendment. Would provide citizens the 'unalienable' right to keep and bear arms; also restricted rights of convicted felons and the mentally ill to own firearms and removed a restriction on concealed carry. | [2] | 602,863 (60.95%) | 386,308 (39.05%) |
| Amendment 7 | Temporary Sales Tax Increase for Transportation Amendment. Would impose a 0.75% sales and use tax increase for a maximum of ten years to fund transportation projects. | [3] | 408,288 (40.82%) | 591,932 (59.18%) |
| Amendment 8 | Veterans Lottery Ticket Amendment. Would allow the creation of a new lottery ticket to specifically fund veterans' programs. | [4] | 441,520 (45.01%) | 539,519 (54.99%) |
| Amendment 9 | Electronic Data Protection Amendment. Would protect personal electronic communication and data from unreasonable searches and seizures. | [5] | 729,752 (74.75%) | 246,515 (25.25%) | |
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 2 | Evidence in Sexual Crimes Against Minors Amendment. Would allow evidence of prior criminal acts to be admissible in prosecutions for sexual crimes involving a victim under the age of eighteen. | [6] | 1,018,773 (71.98%) | 396,519 (28.02%) |
| Amendment 3 | Teacher Performance Evaluation. Would implement teacher performance evaluations to determine their employment status. | [7] | 339,422 (23.57%) | 1,100,628 (76.43%) |
| Amendment 6 | Early Voting Period Amendment. Would establish a six day long early voting period. | [8] | 416,447 (29.70%) | 985,966 (70.30%) |
| Amendment 10 | Gubernatorial Budgetary Recommendations Amendment. Would restrict the governor's power to use and estimate public funds in the budget. | [9] | 791,099 (56.80%) | 601,699 (42.20%) | |
2016
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 1 | Sales Tax for Parks and Conservation Measure. Would renew for 10 years a 1984 state amendment which prescribes a 0.1% sales and use tax in order to fund state parks and conservation projects. | [10] | 2,187,773 (79.88%) | 551,117 (20.12%) |
| Amendment 2 | State and Judicial Campaign Contribution Limits Initiative. Would establish various limits on political campaign contributions. Later partially ruled unconstitutional in federal court. | [11] | 1,894,870 (69.95%) | 814,016 (30.05%) |
| Amendment 3 | 60 Cent Cigarette Tax Amendment. Would increase taxes on cigarettes by 60 cents per pack by 2020. | [12] | 1,120,389 (40.45%) | 1,649,723 (59.55%) |
| Amendment 4 | Prohibition on Extending Sales Tax to Previously Untaxed Services Amendment. Would prohibit new sales/use taxes on any service not subject to a sales/use tax before 2015. | [13] | 1,533,909 (56.98%) | 1,158,291 (43.02%) |
| Amendment 6 | Voter ID Requirement Amendment. Would requiem the presentation of voter IDs when voting in elections. | [14] | 1,712,274 (63.01%) | 1,005,234 (36.99%) |
| Proposition A | 23 Cent Cigarette Tax Initiative. Would increases taxes on cigarettes by 23 cents per pack by 2021. | [15] | 1,223,251 (44.81%) | 1,506,644 (55.19%) | |
2018
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Proposition A | Senate Bill 19, which would enact a right-to-work law | [16] | 453,283 (32.53%) | 939,973 (67.47%) | |
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 1 | Lobbying, Campaign Finance, and Redistricting Initiative. Would introduce reforms to campaign finance laws for political candidates, lobbying laws, and change the legislative redistricting process. | [17] | 1,469,093 (62.02%) | 899,613 (37.98%) |
| Amendment 2 | Medical Marijuana and Veteran Healthcare Services Initiative. Would legalize marijuana for medical purposes, tax sales at 4 percent, and redistribute revenue to healthcare services, job training, housing assistance, and other services for veterans | [18] | 1,583,227 (65.59%) | 830,631 (34.41%) |
| Amendment 3 | Medical Marijuana and Biomedical Research and Drug Development Institute Initiative. Would legalize marijuana for medical purposes, tax sales at 15 percent, and redistribute revenue to the creation of a Biomedical Research and Drug Development Institute | [19] | 754,007 (31.50%) | 1,639,622 (68.50%) |
| Amendment 4 | Management and Advertisement of Bingo Games Amendment. For organizations, would repeal constitutional ban on advertising bingo games and reduce the time someone has to be a member before managing a bingo game. | [20] | 1,194,304 (52.39%) | 1,085,158 (47.61%) |
| Proposition B | $12 Minimum Wage Initiative. Would annually increase the minimum wage until reaching $12 in 2023. | [21] | 1,499,002 (62.34%) | 905,647 (37.66%) |
| Proposition C | Medical Marijuana and Veterans Healthcare Services, Education, Drug Treatment, and Public Safety Initiative. Would legalize marijuana for medical purposes, tax sales at 2 percent, and spend revenue on the above services. | [22] | 1,039,251 (43.57%) | 1,345,762 (56.43%) |
| Proposition D | Gas Tax Increase, Olympic Prize Exemption, and Traffic Reduction Fund Measure. Would incrementally increase the gas tax from 17 to 27 cents, and exempt prizes from the Olympics from state taxes. | [23] | 1,109,009 (46.40%) | 1,281,143 (53.60%) | |
2020s
2020
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 1 | State Executive Term Limits Amendment. Would limit the governor, lieutenant governor, secretary of state, state treasurer, state auditor, and attorney general to two terms of office. | [25] | 1,363,767 (47.16%) | 1,527,782 (52.84%) |
| Amendment 3 | Redistricting Process and Criteria, Lobbying, and Campaign Finance Amendment. Would replace the nonpartisan demographer with a bipartisan commission appointed by the governor for legislative redistricting and repeals many provisions of Amendment 1 passed in 2018. | [26] | 1,489,503 (51.01%) | 1,430,358 (48.99%) | |
2022
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 1 | State Treasurer Investment Authority Amendment. Would allow the state treasurer to invest state funds in securities. | [27] | 896,279 (45.68%) | 1,065,773 (54.32%) |
| Amendment 3 | Marijuana Legalization Initiative. Would legalize recreational marijuana use for adults over 21 and enact a 6 percent tax on its sale. | [28] | 1,092,432 (53.10%) | 965,020 (46.90%) |
| Amendment 4 | Allow Legislature to Require a City to Increase Funding without State Reimbursement for a Police Force Established by State Board Amendment. Would allow the legislature to increase the minimum funding for a police force. | [29] | 1,269,826 (63.19%) | 739,783 (36.81%) |
| Amendment 5 | Department of the National Guard Amendment. Would provide the state's national guard with an executive department separate from the Department of Public Safety. | [30] | 1,197,677 (60.22%) | 791,231 (39.78%) |
| Question | Missouri Constitutional Convention Question. Would indicate support for calling a state constitutional convention. | [31] | 633,228 (32.25%) | 1,330,427 (67.75%) | |
2024
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 1 | Exempt Childcare Facility Property Taxes Amendment. Would exempt childcare facilities from property taxes. | | 491,161 (45.28%) | 593,465 (54.72%) |
| Amendment 4 | Increase Police Funding Amendment. Would increase the minimum funding for the Kansas City police department. | | 549,919 (51.13%) | 525,657 (48.87%) | |
Proposal! class="unsortable" scope="col" | Description | Result | Yes votes | No votes |
|---|
| Amendment 2 | Sports Betting Initiative. Would legalize and regulate sports wagering for adults over 21, allow license fees and a 10% wagering tax, and allocate revenue towards education. | | |
| Amendment 3 | Right to Reproductive Freedom Initiative. Would legalize abortion before fetal viability. | | | |
| Amendment 5 | Osage River Gambling Boat License Initiative. Would allow the Missouri Gaming Commission to issue one additional gambling boat license to operate on the Osage River. | | | |
| Amendment 6 | Levying of Fees to Support Salaries of Law Enforcement Personnel Amendment. Would allow for the levying of taxes to fund the salaries of sheriffs and prosecutors. | | | |
| Amendment 7 | Require Citizenship to Vote and Prohibit Ranked-Choice Voting Amendment. Would prohibit non-citizens from voting in state elections as well as any form of voting other than one based on single-vote plurality. | | | |
| Proposition A | Minimum Wage and Earned Paid Sick Time Initiative. Would annually increase the minimum wage until reaching $15 in 2026 and require employers to provide one hour of paid sick leave for every 30 hours worked. | | | | |
Notes and References
- Web site: Missouri Right-to-Farm, Amendment 1 (August 2014) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Right to Bear Arms, Amendment 5 (August 2014) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Temporary Sales and Use Tax Increase for Transportation, Amendment 7 (August 2014) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Veterans Lottery Ticket, Amendment 8 (August 2014) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Electronic Data Protection, Amendment 9 (August 2014) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Evidence in Sexual Crimes Against Minors, Amendment 2 (2014) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Teacher Performance Evaluation, Amendment 3 (2014) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Early Voting Period, Amendment 6 (2014) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Gubernatorial Budgetary Recommendations, Amendment 10 (2014) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Sales Tax for Parks and Conservation, Amendment 1 (2016) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri State and Judicial Campaign Contribution Limits, Constitutional Amendment 2 (2016). 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri 60 Cent Cigarette Tax, Constitutional Amendment 3 (2016) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Prohibition on Extending Sales Tax to Previously Untaxed Services, Constitutional Amendment 4 (2016) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Voter ID Requirement, Constitutional Amendment 6 (2016) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri 23 Cent Cigarette Tax, Proposition A (2016) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Proposition A, Right to Work Referendum (August 2018) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 1, Lobbying, Campaign Finance, and Redistricting Initiative (2018) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 2, Medical Marijuana and Veteran Healthcare Services Initiative (2018) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 3, Medical Marijuana and Biomedical Research and Drug Development Institute Initiative (2018) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 4, Management and Advertisement of Bingo Games Amendment (2018) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Proposition B, $12 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Proposition C, Medical Marijuana and Veterans Healthcare Services, Education, Drug Treatment, and Public Safety Initiative (2018) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Proposition D, Gas Tax Increase, Olympic Prize Tax Exemption, and Traffic Reduction Fund Measure (2018) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 2, Medicaid Expansion Initiative (August 2020) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 1, State Executive Term Limits Amendment (2020). 2021-03-31. Ballotpedia. en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 3, Redistricting Process and Criteria, Lobbying, and Campaign Finance Amendment (2020). 2021-03-31. Ballotpedia. en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 1, State Treasurer Investment Authority Amendment (2022) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 3, Marijuana Legalization Initiative (2022) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 4, Allow Legislature to Require a City to Increase Funding without State Reimbursement for a Police Force Established by State Board Amendment (2022) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Amendment 5, Department of the National Guard Amendment (2022) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
- Web site: Missouri Constitutional Convention Question (2022) . 2023-03-29 . Ballotpedia . en.
