Miss World Explained
| Miss World |
| Logosize: | 200px |
| Type: | International women's beauty pageant |
| Headquarters: | London, United Kingdom |
| First: | 1951 |
| Recent: | 2023 |
| Current Titleholder: | Krystyna Pyszková |
| Titleholder Represents: | Czech Republic |
| Language: | English |
| Leader Title1: | Founder |
| Leader Name1: | Eric Morley |
| Leader Title2: | President |
| Leader Name2: | Julia Morley |
Miss World is the oldest existing international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951.[1] [2] Since his death in 2000, Morley's widow, Julia Morley, has co-chaired the pageant.[3] [4] Along with Miss Universe, Miss International, and Miss Earth, it is one of the Big Four beauty pageants.[5]
The current Miss World is Krystyna Pyszková of the Czech Republic who was crowned on 9 March 2024 in Mumbai, India.[6]
History
20th century
In 1951, Eric Morley organised a bikini contest as part of the Festival of Britain celebrations that he called the Festival Bikini Contest.[7] The event was popular with the press, which dubbed it "Miss World". The swimsuit competition was intended as a promotion for the bikini,[8] which had only recently been introduced to the market and was still widely regarded as immodest. When the 1951 Miss World pageant winner, Kerstin "Kiki" Hakansson from Sweden, was crowned in a bikini, it added to the controversy.
The pageant was originally planned as a Pageant for the Festival of Britain, but Morley decided to make the Miss World pageant annual.[9] [10] He registered the "Miss World" name as a trademark,[11] and all future pageants were held under that name. But because of the controversy arising from Håkansson's crowning in a bikini, countries with religious traditions threatened not to send delegates to future events, and the bikini was condemned by the Pope.[12] Objection to the bikini led to its replacement in all future pageants[13] [14] with more modest swimwear, and from 1976 swimsuits were replaced by evening gowns for the crowning.[15] Håkansson remains the only Miss World crowned in a bikini.[11] In Miss World 2013 all participants wore a one-piece swimsuit plus a traditional sarong below the waist as a compromise with local culture.[16]
Morley announced the Miss World winners in the order No. 3, No. 2 and No. 1. This was intended to keep the tension up, and avoid the anticlimax if Nos. 2 and 3 are announced after the winner.[17]
In 1959, the BBC began to broadcast the pageant. Its popularity grew with the advent of television. During the 1960s and 1970s, Miss World was among the most watched programs of the year on British television.[18] In 1970, the contest in London was disrupted by women's liberation protesters armed with flour bombs, stink bombs, and water pistols loaded with ink.[19] The 1970 contest was also controversial when South Africa sent two contestants (one black and one white). Henceforth, South Africa was banned from the contest until apartheid was abolished. More than 18 million people watched the pageant at its peak during the late 1970s and early 1980s.[20]
In the 1980s, the pageant repositioned itself with the slogan "Beauty With a Purpose", with added tests of intelligence and personality.[21] In 1984, BBC1 controller Michael Grade announced that the corporation would cease to broadcast beauty pageants the next January, after it had shown Miss Great Britain, saying, "I believe these contests no longer merit national air time." He added, "They are an anachronism in this day and age of equality and verging on the offensive.''[22] Thames Television broadcast Miss World between 1980 and 1988, when ITV dropped it.[23] [24]
During the early 1990s, mainstream television broadcasts of the event declined in popularity after it became "increasingly unfashionable" in the late 1980s. The pageant returned on satellite channel Sky One in 1997,[25] [26] before moving to Channel 5 for three years (1998–2000).[20] [27]
Eric Morley died in 2000, and his wife, Julia, succeeded him as chair of the Miss World organisation.[28]
21st century
The first black African Miss World winner, Agbani Darego of Nigeria, was crowned in 2001. As part of its marketing strategy, Miss World came up with a "Vote For Me" television special during that edition, featuring the delegates behind the scenes and on the beach, and allowing viewers to phone in or vote online for their favourites. It also sells broadcasters its Talent, Beach Beauty and Sports events as television specials.[29] ITV broadcast the 2001 pageant from South Africa on digital channel ITV2, with the special airing a week earlier on the main ITV channel.[30]
In 2002, the pageant was slated to host its final in Abuja, Nigeria. This choice was controversial, as a northern Nigerian woman, Amina Lawal, was awaiting death by stoning for adultery under Sharia law there, but Miss World used the publicity surrounding its presence to bring greater global awareness and action to Lawal's plight.[31] [32] No British channel agreed to broadcast the event,[33] and there were objections to the contest.[34] [35]
Former Miss World Aishwarya Rai attended the Miss World 2014 ceremony with her husband Abhishek Bachchan, daughter Aaradhya and mother Brinda Rai.[36] The pageant has been broadcast on local TV channel London Live since 2014.
Miss World Organization
The Miss World Organization owns and manages the annual Miss World Finals, a competition that has grown into one of the world's biggest.[37] Since its launch in 1951, the Miss World organisation has raised more than £1 billion for children's charities[38] that help disabled and underprivileged children.[39] Miss World is franchised in more than 100 countries.[40] [41]
1970s–1990s
The Miss World pageant has been the target of many controversies since its inception.
- In 1970, feminist protesters threw flour bombs during the live event at London's Royal Albert Hall, momentarily alarming the host, Bob Hope.[42] [43]
- The 1973 winner, Marjorie Wallace, was stripped of her title on 8 March 1974 because she had failed to fulfill the basic requirements of the job. Miss World's organizers did not elect someone to serve in her place.[44]
- In 1976, several countries boycotted the pageant because it included both a white and a Black contestant from South Africa.[45] South Africa competed for the last time in 1977, before returning in 1991 as apartheid disintegrated.[46]
- The 1980 winner, Gabriella Brum of Germany, resigned one day after winning, initially claiming her boyfriend disapproved. A few days later it emerged that she had been forced to resign after it was discovered that she had posed naked for a magazine.[47]
Nigeria 2002
See main article: Miss World 2002.
In the year leading up the finals in Nigeria, several European title holders lobbied their governments and the EU parliament to support Amina Lawal's cause.[48] A number of contestants followed the lead of Kathrine Sørland of Norway in boycotting the contest (despite the controversy, Sørland became a semifinalist in both the Miss World and Miss Universe contests), while others, such as Costa Rica, were instructed by their national governments and parliaments not to attend. Among the other boycotting nations were Denmark, Spain, Switzerland, Panama, Belgium and Kenya. There was further controversy over the possibly suspended participation of France and South Africa, which might or might not have been due to the boycott.[49] Lawal asked that contestants not suspend their participation in the contest, saying that it was for the good of her country and that they could, as the representative of Sweden had earlier remarked, make a much stronger case for her on the ground in Nigeria.[50]
Despite the increasing international profile the boycott was garnering in the world press, the contest proceeded in Nigeria after being rescheduled to avoid taking place during Ramadan, with many prominent nations sending delegates. Osmel Sousa of Venezuela, one of the world's most influential national directors, said, "there is no question about it [the participation of Miss Venezuela in the contest]." But the trouble did not end there. A ThisDay (Lagos, Nigeria) newspaper editorial suggesting that Muhammad would probably have chosen one of his wives from among the contestants had he been alive to see it resulted in inter-religious riots that started on 22 November in which over 200 people were killed in the city of Kaduna and many houses of worship were burned by religious zealots.[51] Because of these riots, the 2002 pageant was moved to London, following widely circulated reports that Canada's and Korea's representatives had withdrawn from the contest and returned to their respective countries out of safety concerns. A fatwa urging the beheading of the woman who wrote the offending words, Isioma Daniel, was issued in Nigeria, but was declared null and void by the relevant Saudi Arabian authorities.[52] [53] [54] [55] Upon the pageant's return to Britain, many of the boycotting contestants chose to attend, including Miss Norway, Kathrine Sørland, who was ironically tipped in the last few days as the favourite for the crown she had previously boycotted.[56] [57] [58] [59] [60]
The eventual winner of the pageant was Azra Akın of Turkey, the first predominantly Muslim country to hold the title since Egypt in 1954.[61]
Indonesia 2013
See main article: Miss World 2013. In Miss World 2013, protests by Islamic groups began a few weeks before the contest began, resulting in the pageant's finale and all pre-pageant activities being isolated to Hindu-majority Bali.[62]
China 2015
See main article: Miss World 2015. Anastasia Lin, Miss World Canada, was not given a visa to travel in China and hence missed the official deadline of 20 November 2015 for entry to the 2015 pageant, and was declared persona non grata by the Chinese Embassy in Ottawa for openly criticizing China's human rights violations. The Miss World Organization later allowed her to compete at Miss World 2016.[63] [64]
Thailand 2020 and cancellation
See also: COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand. After the 2019 pageant, the organization chose Thailand as the host country of Miss World 2020, to be held in Phuket. But due to the spread of COVID-19, most national organizations and the Miss World organization agreed to cancel the 2020 pageant to assure the delegates' safety.
Puerto Rico 2021 and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic
See main article: Miss World 2021.
See also: COVID-19 pandemic in Puerto Rico. The edition was originally scheduled for the end of 2020 but postponed indefinitely due to the global COVID-19 pandemic.[65] On 8 March 2021, the date was set for 16 December 2021.[66] The threat of the Omicron variant had already been detected in some parts of the world during the pre-pageant activities, as the disease started swept across the island. On 14 December, Miss World Indonesia Carla Yules tested positive for COVID-19. As a precaution, her roommate Miss World India Manasa Varanasi and five others were classified as suspected cases. Miss World Organization chair Julia Morley confirmed that the delegates were isolated and quarantined and would not be onstage for the final show if they did not produce a negative PCR test.[67] [68] [69] [70] On 15 December, the Puerto Rico Department of Health confirmed 17 positive cases for COVID-19 related to the Miss World pageant activities, including contestants and technical personnel.[71] [72] [73] On 16 December, it was announced that Miss World Malaysia Lavanya Sivaji had tested positive for COVID-19.[70] She was required to be isolated for 10 days and not permitted onstage during the finals. The finale, originally slated for 16 December, was postponed.[74] During a 16 December Puerto Rico Department of Health press conference, epidemiologist Melissa Marzán confirmed 15 staff and 23 contestant positive cases associated with Miss World. She added that pageant organizers, not the island's authorities, decided to postpone.[75] The rescheduled 70th Miss World pageant took place on 16 March 2022, at Puerto Rico's José Miguel Agrelot Coliseum.[76] [77] [78]
Recent titleholders
Winners gallery
Fast-track events
Fast-track events of Miss World is a set of competition to decide the semifinalist or the placement of Miss World. Fast-track events was one of deciding factor to choose semifinalist beside Preliminary Interview by combining those rounds with using points system table. Prior to 2016 the winner of the fast-track events received huge amount of points but not securing semifinalist spot, however since 2016 the points system table in fast-track were abolished. Since then the winners of the "fast-track" competitions automatically make it to the quarter- or semifinals.[79] The Miss World fast-track categories are: Beauty With a Purpose, Multimedia Challenge, Sports Challenge, Talent, and Top Model. Miss World Talent added in 2001, Miss World Sports added in 2003, Miss World Top Model added in 2004, Miss World Beauty With a Purpose added in 2005, and Miss World Multimedia added in 2012. There was a fast-track named Miss World Beach Beauty (2003–2015) but it is a discontinued event due to dissatisfaction and cons in many conservative countries, this event was replacing Miss World Best in Swimsuit.
Miss World Beauty With a Purpose
The Beauty with a Purpose is an event established in 1972 that is celebrated before the Miss World pageant.[80] It awards the contestant with the most relevant and important charity project in her nation. The first winner of Beauty With a Purpose was Miss World Korea 2005 Oh Eun-young.[81] Miss World 2017 Manushi Chhillar is the first and only Beauty With a Purpose recipient to win Miss World.
Miss World Talent
Miss World Talent is a talent or fast-track competition in which contestants show their abilities in singing, dancing, poetry, etc.[83] Introduced in Miss World 1978, the winner of the event automatically makes it into the semifinals starting 2016. The award returned at Miss World 2001.
Miss World Top Model
The Miss World Top Model is a modeling fast-track competition.[102] It was first held in 2004, but not in 2005–2006. It has been held since 2007; since 2016 the winner of the competition automatically qualifies for the semifinals.
Miss World Sports Challenge
Miss World Sports or Sportswoman is a title and award given to the winner of a sports event at Miss World. It is a fast-track or preliminary event, giving the winner automatic entry into the semifinals. In 2005, there was no Miss Sports winner because it was held as a continental team competition. Starting in 2006, the individual competition returned.
Multimedia Award (Social Media Award)
Miss World Multimedia or Social Media Award is a title and award given to the winner of a Multimedia Challenge. It is a fast-track or preliminary event, giving the winner automatic entry into the semifinals. The score is based on the contestant's likes on Mobstar and Facebook.
Miss World Beach Beauty (Discontinued Event)
Miss World Beach Beauty was a swimsuit or fast-track competition.[110] The Beach Beauty event started in 2003, when the Miss World Organization first held fast-track events to automatically give a semifinal spot to some of the delegates. This event allowed the Miss World delegates (over 100) to have a chance to be in the semifinals. The winner made the semifinals automatically. The Beach Beauty event showcased different swimsuits designed by Miss World 1975, Wilnelia Merced. In 2015, the organisation eliminated the swimsuit competition from the pageant.[111]
Miss World hosts and artists
The following is a list Miss World hosts and invited artists through the years.
| width=13% | Year | Hosts | Artists |
|---|
| 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958 | Eric Morley | |
| 1959 | Bob Hope | |
| 1960 | Bob Hope | Herald Trumpeters of the Royal Artillery[127] |
| 1961 1962, | David Coleman, Peter West | Bob Hope |
| 1963 | Peter West |
| 1964 | Michael Aspel |
| 1965 | David Jacobs, Michael Aspel | Ronnie Carroll, Lionel Blair[128] |
| 1966 | Peter West, Michael Aspel | The Three Monarchs, Mark Wynter[129] |
| 1967 | Simon Dee, Michael Aspel | Malcolm Roberts, Los Zafiros[130] |
| 1968 | Michael Aspel, commentary by Keith Fordyce | Gene Pitney[131] |
| 1969 | Michael Aspel, Pete Murray | Frank Ifield, The Roy Budd Trio, Lionel Blair[132] |
| 1970 | Bob Hope,[133] [134] Michael Aspel, Keith Fordyce | Lionel Blair |
| 1971, 1972, 1973, 1974 | Michael Aspel and David Vine | |
| 1975 | David Vine and Ray Moore | |
| 1976 | Sacha Distel, Patrick Lichfield, and Ray Moore | |
| 1977 | Andy Williams, and Ray Moore | |
| 1978 | Sacha Distel and Paul Burnett | |
| 1979 | Sacha Distel, Esther Rantzen, Germaine Greer and Ray Moore | |
| 1980 | Peter Marshall, Judith Chalmers and Anthony Newley | Anthony Newley and The Dougie Squires Dancers |
| 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985 | Peter Marshall and Judith Chalmers | 1981 – Julio Iglesias and The Dougie Squires Dancers
1982 – The Three Degrees
1983 – Leo Sayer and The Ken Warwick Dancers
1984 – The Drifters and The Ken Warwick Dancers
1985 – Jack Jones and The Ken Warwick Dancers
|
| 1986 | Peter Marshall and Mary Stävin | Five Star and The Ken Warwick Dancers |
| 1987 | Peter Marshall and Alexandra Bastedo | Rick Astley and The Ken Warwick Dancers |
| 1988 | Peter Marshall and Alexandra Bastedo | Koreana and Donny Osmond |
| 1989 | Peter Marshall, Alexandra Bastedo and John Davidson | Aswad |
| 1990 | Peter Marshall and Michelle Rocca | Jason Donovan and Richard Clayderman |
| 1991 | Peter Marshall and Gina Tolleson | Indecent Obsession |
| 1992 | Billy Dee Williams, Jerry Hall, Deborah Shelton, Doreen Morris and Suanne Braun | Abigail Kubheka, Sophia Foster, MarcAlex, Mara Louw, Paul Buckby, Malie Kelly, Leslie Klein-Smith and Soweto String Quartet |
| 1993 | Pierce Brosnan,[135] Doreen Morris, Kim Alexis and Gina Tolleson | George Benson, Crissy Caine, Jon Cecil, Sam Marais, PJ Powers and Vicky Sampson |
| 1994 | Richard Steinmetz, Suanne Braun and Bronson Pinchot | David Abbate, Yvonne Chaka Chaka, Johnny Clegg, Free Flight Dance Company and Ladysmith Black Mambazo |
| 1995 | Richard Steinmetz, Jeff Trachta and Bobbie Eakes | Caught in the Act |
| 1996 | Richard Steinmetz and Ruby Bhatia | Alisha Chinnai |
| 1997 | Richard Steinmetz and Khanyi Dhlomo Mkhize | Ricky Martin |
| 1998 | Eden Harel and Ronan Keating | Boyzone and Errol Brown |
| 1999 | Ulrika Jonsson and Melanie Sykes | Robert Palmer, Westlife and Enrique Iglesias |
| 2000 | Jerry Springer and Rebecca de Alba | Bryan Ferry, bond, Leonard Cohen and S Club 7 |
| 2001 | Jerry Springer and Claire Elizabeth Smith | Umoja |
| 2002 | Sean Kanan and Claire Elizabeth Smith | Chayanne and BBMak |
| 2003 | Phil Keoghan, Amanda Byram[136] and Angela Chow | Luis Fonsi, Bryan Ferry, Morrissey and Wuhan Acrobatic Troupe |
| 2004 | Troy McClain, Angela Chow and Lisa Snowdon | Lionel Richie and Il Divo |
| 2005 | Tim Vincent and Angela Chow | Alexander O’Neal and Beijing Singing & Dancing Theatre |
| 2006 | Tim Vincent, Angela Chow and Grazyna Torbicka | Westlife, Robin Gibb and Amici |
| 2007 | Fernando Allende and Angela Chow | Duncan James, Haikou Artistic Group, The South African Mvezo Choir and No. 9 Primary School of Sanya |
| 2008 | Tumisho Masha and Angela Chow | McFly, Alesha Dixon, Jeanette Winterson |
| 2009 | Angela Chow, Michelle McLean[137] [138] | Umoja, Gang of Instrumentals |
| 2010 | Angela Chow,[139] Steve Douglas | Shayne Ward,[140] Dave Koz, Carlos Aponte[141] |
| 2011 | Angela Chow,[142] Jason Cook, Steve Douglas | Diversity,[143] Blue, Ramin Karimloo |
| 2012 | Myleene Klass,[144] Jason Cook,[145] Lily Wu, Ni Ran Mutu, Steve Douglas | Rodrick Dixon, Huhehaote Youth Horse Cello Troupe |
| 2013 | Myleene Klass, Kamal Ibrahim, Daniel Mananta, Amanda Zevannya, Steve Douglas | Matt Cardle,[146] Blue,[147] GIGI Art of Dance, Soerya Soemirat Dance Group, Iskandar Widjaja, Maylaffayza |
| 2014 | Tim Vincent, Megan Young, Frankie Cena, Steve Douglas | Sky Blu,[148] The Vamps[149] |
| 2015 | Tim Vincent, Megan Young,[150] Angela Chow, Steve Douglas, Neil Krisralam | Yu Wenxia,[151] The Wholls,[152] Julian Believe[153] |
| 2016 | Jason Cook, Megan Young, Frankie Cena, Steve Douglas | Rodrick Dixon, Morrison Brothers |
| 2017 | Fernando Allende, Angela Chow, Megan Young, Frankie Cena, Barney Walsh, Steve Douglas[154] | Kristian Kostov, Celine Tam, Jeffrey Li, Zizi |
| 2018 | Fernando Allende, Angela Chow, Frankie Cena, Megan Young, Stephanie Del Valle, Barney Walsh | Donel Mangena, Dimash Kudaibergen, Sister Sledge |
| 2019 | Megan Young, Peter Andre, Stephanie Del Valle, Fernando Allende, Steve Douglas | Peter Andre, Lulu |
| 2021 | Peter Andre, Fernando Allende | Don Omar, Gente de Zona, Victor Manuel, Pedro Capó, and The Puerto Rico Symphony Orchestra conducted by [155] Angel Velez with guest conductor Mike Dixon |
| 2023 | Karan Johar, Megan Young | Shaan, Neha Kakkar, Tony Kakkar, Toni-Ann Singh | |
See also
Further reading
Notes and References
- Web site: Miss World Competition Says No to Bikini Yes to Sarong. Michael Smith. Guardian Liberty Voice. 6 June 2013. 26 January 2016.
- Web site: Miss Universe on August 23 . 14 August 2009 . Timesofmalta.com . 24 May 2011.
- News: Paul Lewis. Eric Morley, 82, Miss World Promoter, Dies. 11 November 2000. The New York Times. 11 October 2013.
- Web site: Pageant News Bureau – Miss World: A long, glittering history . Pageant.com . 24 May 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110215102031/http://www.pageant.com/archive/world.html . 15 February 2011 .
- Web site: Beauty Pageants: Are The Crowns On the Right Heads? – Nigerian News from Leadership News. Nigerian News from Leadership News. 3 January 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20151222085830/http://leadership.ng/entertainment/381814/beauty-pageants-crowns-right-heads. 22 December 2015. dead.
- Web site: Czech Republic's Krystyna Pyszkova Wins Miss World 2024. 9 March 2024. praguemorning.cz. 9 March 2024. 9 March 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20240309194503/https://praguemorning.cz/czech-republics-krystyna-pyszkova-wins-miss-world-2024/. live.
- Book: Elissa . Stein . Lee . Meriwether . Beauty Queen . 45 . Chronicle Books . 2006 . 978-0-8118-4864-0 . registration .
- Book: Dewey, Susan. Making Miss India Miss World. 46. Syracuse University Press. 2008. 978-0-8156-3176-7. registration.
- Web site: Frontline World: A Pageant is Born . Pbs.org . 24 May 2011.
- Web site: Bet on Miss World Pageant . Covers.com . 24 May 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110716192717/http://www.covers.com/articles/articles.aspx?theArt=166289&article&t=0 . 16 July 2011 . dead.
- Book: Lovegrove, Keith. Pageant: The Beauty Contest. 1967. teNeues. 2002. 978-3-8238-5569-9.
- Book: Selvedge: The Fabric of Your Life. 39. Selvedge Ltd. . 2005.
- Book: Ben . Marcus. Jeff . Divine . Surfing USA!: An Illustrated History of the Coolest Sport of All Time . 60. MVP Books. 2005. 978-0-89658-690-1.
- News: Magnanti. Brooke. Miss World bikini ban: why it's no victory for feminists. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/sex/10105935/Miss-World-2013-bikini-ban-why-its-no-victory-for-feminists.html . 11 January 2022 . subscription . live. Telegraph. 22 August 2013 . 7 June 2013.
- Book: Shin, Han . Beauty with a Purpose. 193 . iUniverse. 2004. 978-0-595-30926-9.
- Web site: Bikini ban at Miss World pageant . 8 June 2013.
- Book: Rees, Nigel . The Bloomsbury Dictionary of Popular Phrases . 1990 . Bloomsbury . London . 978-0747503446 . 116.
- News: Miss World gets a makeover . 9 September 1998 . news.bbc.co.uk . BBC News . 9 October 2013.
- Web site: BBC Radio 4 – Woman's Hour – Women's History Timeline: 1960 – 1969 . Bbc.co.uk . 8 March 2014.
- News: Miss World founder dies. 9 November 2000. BBC News. 18 February 2019.
- Web site: Tiza.com. Miss World . Tiza.com . 24 May 2011.
- News: Ap. 18 November 1984. BBC to Stop Televising Beauty Pageants. en-US. The New York Times. 28 July 2021. 0362-4331.
- Web site: Gibson. Janine. 7 October 1999. Miss World pageant set for TV return. 28 July 2021. the Guardian. en.
- Web site: Eric Morley – The History of Miss World. 28 July 2021. www.liveindia.com.
- Web site: Morley's global vision for Miss World. https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/2855671/Morleys-global-vision-for-Miss-World.html . 11 January 2022 . subscription . live. 21 June 2003. 18 February 2019. www.telegraph.co.uk.
- Web site: Miss (Third) World) . 31 October 1998 .
- News: BBC News – Entertainment – Miss World goes PC?. BBC News. 26 November 1998. 18 February 2019.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20080630205834/http://www.missworld.com/history_of_contest Miss World Contest History
- Web site: Miss World facts . Worldcountrylink.com . 24 May 2011 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20100522022524/http://www.worldcountrylink.com/miss_world.htm . 22 May 2010 .
- Web site: ITV to host Miss World. C21Media. 25 October 2001. 18 February 2019.
- Web site: Miss World Riots in Nigeria. Democracynow.org . 24 May 2011.
- News: Nigerian woman fights stoning . . 8 July 2002. 24 May 2011.
- News: Dogged by criticism and ridicule, the Miss World pageant continues. Hadley. Freeman. 7 December 2002. The Guardian. 13 April 2019.
- News: 9 December 2002. Should the Miss World pageant have gone ahead?. BBC News. 24 May 2011.
- News: 26 November 2002. Mayor's frosty reception for Miss World. BBC News. 24 May 2011.
- Web site: Aishwarya Rai: most successful Miss World ever . . 18 December 2014 . 19 October 2016.
- Web site: ElEconomista.es. Miss World Organisation and Mauj Telecom Ink Global Deal on Mobile Content and Applications . El Economista . 6 June 2006 . 24 May 2011.
- Web site: philanthropymagazine.com. 19 June 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151016202427/http://www.philanthropymagazine.com/Articles/11-1-miss-world.htm. 16 October 2015.
- News: Miss Trinidad and Tobago is new Miss World. 14 November 1986. Boca Raton News. 26 January 2016.
- Web site: Newly crowned Miss Namibia 2009, Happie Ntelamo . The Economist .na . 19 June 2009 . 24 May 2011.
- Web site: Warsaw-life.com. Miss World comes to Warsaw . Warsaw-life.com . 24 May 2011.
- Web site: Miss World 2006 . 26 January 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080803200450/http://www.mw2006.pl/index.php?id=216&eng . 3 August 2008 .
- Web site: L–ast milestone on a record-breaking comedy Road ... Bob Hope dies at 100 . https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20090316054040/http://www.buzzle.com/editorials/7-29-2003-43584.asp . dead . 16 March 2009 . Buzzle.com . 29 July 2003 . 24 May 2011 .
- Web site: Miss World is stripped of her title. 12 October 2020. 18 August 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220818213908/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2206&dat=19740307&id=vsIlAAAAIBAJ&pg=5690,3958787. dead.
- Web site: Miss World 1976 . Pageantopolis . 24 May 2011 . usurped . https://web.archive.org/web/20110623082606/http://www.pageantopolis.com/international/world_1976.htm . 23 June 2011 .
- Web site: Miss World 1977 . Pageantopolis . 24 May 2011 . usurped . https://web.archive.org/web/20110903002634/http://www.pageantopolis.com/international/world_1977.htm . 3 September 2011 .
- Web site: Miss World 1980 . Pageantopolis . 24 May 2011 . usurped . https://web.archive.org/web/20141008201347/http://www.pageantopolis.com/international/world_1980.htm . 8 October 2014 .
- Web site: As Miss World Turns . The Nation . 24 May 2011.
- Web site: Miss World 2002 . Pageantopolis . 24 May 2011 . usurped . https://web.archive.org/web/20101124032347/http://www.pageantopolis.com/international/World_2002.htm . 24 November 2010 .
- News: Woman sentenced to stoning freed . CNN . 26 September 2003 . 24 May 2011.
- News: Nigeria riots toll 'passes 200' . BBC News . 24 November 2002 . 24 May 2011.
- Web site: Miss World 2002 – The World at their Feet . Isioma.net . 24 May 2011.
- News: Isioma Daniel . Nigerian journalist Isioma Daniel tells her story . The Guardian . UK . 24 May 2011 . 17 February 2003.
- News: Nigeria's journalist on the run . BBC News . 27 November 2002 . 24 May 2011.
- Web site: Miss World and Islam: "Fatwa" and Isioma Daniel a Nigerian "Fatwa" . Nigeria World . 26 November 2002 . 24 May 2011.
- Web site: Contestants boycott Miss World . Modern Gent . 24 May 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110102230137/http://www.moderngent.com/articles/miss_world_2002.php . 2 January 2011 . dead .
- Web site: – Don't boycott Nigeria's Miss World contest, begs mother facing stoning . Telegraph.co.uk . 7 December 2013 . 8 March 2014.
- Web site: – Contestants threaten Miss World boycott over stoning . https://web.archive.org/web/20030218082920/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/09/01/wmiss01.xml . dead . 18 February 2003 . Telegraph.co.uk . 7 December 2013 . 8 March 2014.
- News: Nigeria faces Miss World boycott threat . BBC News . 27 August 2002 . 24 May 2011.
- News: Miss World Nigeria boycott spreads . BBC News . 6 September 2002 . 24 May 2011.
- Web site: Miss World . Pageantopolis . 24 May 2011 . usurped . https://web.archive.org/web/20110623084339/http://www.pageantopolis.com/international/world.htm . 23 June 2011 .
- News: Religious fury alters Miss World in Indonesia. CNN. 27 September 2013.
- News: Miss World Canada blocked from contest due to China visa denial. The Globe and Mail. 24 November 2015. 19 June 2016. Offman. Craig.
- News: China declares Miss World Canada contestant 'persona non grata'. 29 December 2018.
- Web site: Jamaica's Miss World 2020 will reign again. Vinette K.. Pryce. 7 August 2020. Caribbean Life News.
- Web site: Celebrarán concurso internacional de Miss Mundo en Puerto Rico!. 9 March 2021. Metro. 8 March 2021. es.
- Web site: Investigan casos sospechosos de COVID-19 entre siete concursantes de Miss Mundo 2021. 14 December 2021. El Nuevo Día. 16 December 2021.
- Web site: Seven candidates for Miss World isolated due to possible contagion of covid-19. 15 December 2021. 16 December 2021. 15 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211215022545/https://california18.com/seven-candidates-for-miss-world-isolated-due-to-possible-contagion-of-covid-19/2067242021/. dead.
- Web site: Kabar Terbaru Carla Yules di Miss World 2021, Ini Penjelasan Liliana Tanoesoedibjo. 15 December 2021. iNews.ID. 16 December 2021.
- Web site: Miss World Malaysia. Instagram. 16 December 2021.
- Web site: They identify positive cases of COVID-19 related to Miss World activities | The Goa Sportlight. 16 December 2021. 16 December 2021. 16 December 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211216043951/https://thegoaspotlight.com/2021/12/16/they-identify-positive-cases-of-covid-19-related-to-miss-world-activities/. dead.
- Web site: 17 người ở Miss World dương tính Covid-19. Ngôi. sao. Ngoisao. 16 December 2021.
- Web site: 17 people at Miss World 2021 pageant test positive for Covid-19 in Puerto Rico. 16 December 2021. The National. 16 December 2021.
- Web site: 17 December 2021. Miss World 2021 temporarily postponed after several Covid-19 positive cases. 17 December 2021. Hindustan Times. en.
- Web site: 17 December 2021. Miss World 2021 postponed hours before finale amid Covid-19 outbreak. 17 December 2021. CNN. en.
- Web site: Miss World on Instagram: "Press Release – 21st December 2021 Miss World announces new Pageant Finale and Coronation Date; Globally Televised event stays in Puerto..." . Instagram.com . 21 December 2021 . 3 March 2022.
- https://www.facebook.com/stories/1742997399111394/UzpfSVNDOjMyNzA0OTY5ODY1MTE1ODU=?view_single=true
- Web site: Miss World 2021 new pageant finale date has been announced . Indianexpress.com . 22 December 2021 . 3 March 2022.
- Book: Billings, S. . Language, Globalization and the Making of a Tanzanian Beauty Queen . . Encounters (Bristol, England) . 2013 . 978-1-78309-075-4 . 186.
- Web site: Miss World owner Julia Morley on beauty with a purpose . 31 October 2018 .
- Web site: Flashback to the first BWP Award winner: Oh Eun-young from Korea . 13 February 2024 .
- Web site: Beauty With A Purpose 2018. www.missworld.com. 24 October 2023.
- Web site: Steffi makes top 30 in Miss World talent round . . 4 December 2015 . 23 June 2016 . 1 July 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160701054506/http://www.namibiansun.com/art-and-entertainment/steffi-makes-top-30-in-miss-world-talent-round.89580 . dead .
- Web site: AFP . Competition heating up ahead of Miss World finals tomorrow – News . Jamaica Observer . 5 December 2003 . 19 June 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160822013950/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/news/52571_Competition-heating-up-ahead-of-Miss-World-finals-tomorrow . 22 August 2016 . dmy-all .
- Web site: Miss World 2004 Prepares To Be Crowned Pictures . Getty Images . 19 June 2016 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Contestant of the 55th Miss World 2005, Kmisha-Victoria Counts of... . Getty Images . 6 December 2005 . 19 June 2016.
- News: Brankin . Una . How Miss Northern Ireland changed our lives forever . BelfastTelegraph.co.uk . 26 March 2016 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss Ghana is Miss World Talent . Ghana HomePage, resource for News, Sports, Facts, Opinions, Business and Entertainment . 1 December 2007 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: 9 December 2008. Miss World 2008: More than just pretty faces. 19 June 2016. News18.
- Web site: Miss Gibraltar crowned Miss World' 09, Pooja Chopra is beauty with a purpose . . 13 December 2009 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Sixty years on, how Miss World survived racism, feminism... and George Best . Independent.ie . 29 October 2010 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss Philippines is runner-up in Miss World in London . GMA News Online . 22 January 2016 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Chinas Wen Xia Yu wins Miss World 2012 title, Vanya Mishra loses . India Today . 18 August 2012 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Umbao . Ed . Miss World 2012 List of Winners Revealed . Philippine News . 19 August 2012 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: China's Yu Wenxia, 23, crowned Miss World 2012 . CTVNews . 18 August 2012 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss World 2013: Top Contestants of Talent Competition Revealed [PHOTOS] . International Business Times . 17 September 2013 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: A First for Malaysia – Dewi is Miss Talent at Miss World Finals. Ten. Marilyn. 16 December 2015. Borneo Post Online. 14 January 2016.
- Web site: singh . Sonalee . Miss World 2014 Final: Miss Talent Winner Is Miss Malaysia Dewi Liana Seriestha, Know Everything About Her . International Business Times AU . 15 December 2014 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: John . Simi . Miss World 2015: Miss Guyana Lisa Punch becomes Talent Champion ahead of main competition . International Business Times UK . 15 December 2015 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss Guyana World Wins Talent Contest. 15 December 2015. Miss World Guyana. 14 January 2016. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305093123/http://missworldguyana.gy/news-media/miss-guyana-world-wins-talent-contest/86. 5 March 2016.
- News: Horton . Helena . Miss World 2015: Spain wins and England doesn't make the Top 20 . The Telegraph . 20 December 2015 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/12059378/Miss-World-2015-Miss-Canada-banned-from-the-competition-by-China.html . 11 January 2022 . subscription . live . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss World Top Model announced . . 2 December 2009 . 23 June 2016.
- News: Miss World Top Model is Young . Almario, Manuel . 27 September 2013 . . 8 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss World 2015: Top 10 designer dresses of contestants announced . International Business Times . 12 December 2015 . 23 June 2016.
- Web site: . 30 October 2010. Miss World to be crowned in China. 7 January 2014. Gulf News.
- Web site: 27 September 2013. Megan Young places in 3 of 5 Miss World challenges. 19 June 2016. Rappler.
- Web site: John. Simi. 17 December 2015. Miss World 2015: Top 10 People's Choice contestants revealed; how to vote for your favourite beauty queen. 19 June 2016. International Business Times.
- News: Adina. Armin P.. 20 December 2015. PH's Miss World bet tops 'multimedia' event; Spain wins crown. 19 June 2016. Philippine Daily Inquirer.
- Web site: Pajić . Darko . 24 February 2024 . Lucija Begić pobijedila u kategoriji sport na izboru za Miss Svijeta i ušla u top 40 u finalu . Lucija Begić won the sports category at the Miss World pageant and entered the top 40 in the final . 25 February 2024 . Novi list . en.
- Web site: Manago . Lito . Miss Russia wins Miss World 2008; Philippines fails to make it in semi-finals . . 15 December 2008 . 23 June 2016.
- News: Lange . Maggie . Miss World Pageant Axes Swimsuit Portion . 22 December 2014 . New York Magazine . 18 December 2014.
- Web site: Harding . David . Miss World Rosanna Davison says Pilates has made her taller . NY Daily News . 8 March 2015 . 19 June 2016.
- News: Beach Beauty . Daily News . 2 December 2004 . 8 June 2016.
- Web site: Contestant of the 55th Miss World 2005, Yulia Ivanova of Russia... . Getty Images . 6 December 2005 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Czech beauty wins Miss World 2006 . Hurriyet Daily News . 2 October 2006 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Beach bod beauty! . Jamaica Gleaner News . 12 November 2007 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss World 2009 Beach Beauty . India Today . 26 November 2009 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Kaiane Aldorino from Gibraltar named Miss World . . 12 December 2009 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Tshuma settles in well at Miss World . NewsDay . 13 October 2010 . 23 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss US crowned Miss World 2010, India fails to make a mark . dna . 30 October 2010 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss Philippines is runner-up in Miss World in London . GMA News Online . 22 January 2016 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Sinha . Sanskrity . Miss World 2012: Top 10 Beach Beauty Contestants [SLIDESHOW] . International Business Times . 17 August 2012 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Sinha . Sanskrity . Miss World 2013: Top 10 Beach Fashion Contestants [PHOTOS] . . 10 September 2013 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Megan Young places in 3 of 5 Miss World challenges . Rappler . 27 September 2013 . 19 June 2016.
- Web site: Mehta . Ankita . Miss World 2014: Top 5 Contestants of Top Model, Beach Fashion, Talent, Sports and Multimedia Revealed . International Business Times, India Edition . 11 December 2014 . 23 June 2016.
- Web site: John . Simi . Miss World 2014: Top 5 Contestants of Top Model, Beach Fashion, Multimedia, Talent and Sports Announced . International Business Times UK . 12 December 2014 . 19 June 2016.
- Miss World 1960. The Radio Times. 1930. 33. 3 November 1960. BBC Genome Project Retrieved 24 June 2016
- Miss World 1965. The Radio Times. 2192. 64. 11 November 1965. BBC Genome Project Retrieved 24 June 2016
- Miss World 1966. The Radio Times. 2244. 49. 10 November 1966. BBC Genome Project Retrieved 24 June 2016
- Miss World 1967. The Radio Times. 2296. 67. 9 November 1967. BBC Genome Project Retrieved 24 June 2016
- Miss World 1968. The Radio Times. 2348. 68. 7 November 1968. BBC Genome Project Retrieved 24 June 2016
- Miss World 1969. The Radio Times. 2402. 50. 20 November 1969. BBC Genome Project Retrieved 24 June 2016
- Book: Hylton, S. . The Little Book of the 1970s . History Press . 2015 . 978-0-7509-6322-0 . 159.
- Web site: Kurmelovs . Royce . The 'Modern' Miss World Competition Is Still Boring and Sexist . . 18 April 2016 . 22 June 2016.
- News: Ruffa is 2nd runner-up in Miss World Competition . . 29 November 1993 . 22 June 2016 . Associated Press.
- Web site: Miss World pageant to be televised live . . 5 December 2003 . 22 June 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160811125018/http://gulfnews.com/news/uae/general/miss-world-pageant-to-be-televised-live-1.372354 . 11 August 2016 . dead . dmy-all .
- News: Miss World 2009 Contestants. . 18 March 2010 . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: Bustillo . Deena . Angela Chow, Miss World Host, Pics and Bio . . 12 December 2009 . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: Người đẹp Mỹ giành vương miện Hoa hậu Thế giới . . 30 October 2010 . vi . 22 June 2016.
- News: Eimer . David . Miss USA crowned Miss World amid political tensions . The Telegraph . 30 October 2010 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/8098822/Miss-USA-crowned-Miss-World-amid-political-tensions.html . 11 January 2022 . subscription . live . 23 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss US crowned Miss World 2010, India fails to make a mark . . 30 October 2010 . 23 June 2016.
- Web site: Venezuela's Ivian Sarcos is Miss World 2011 . News18 . 7 November 2011 . 22 June 2016.
- News: Mason . Rowena . Miss Venezuela crowned Miss World 2011, but 200 protest outside . The Telegraph . 7 November 2011 . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/8873423/Miss-Venezuela-crowned-Miss-World-2011-but-200-protest-outside.html . 11 January 2022 . subscription . live . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss World 2012 host Mylene Klass (L) of Britain holds a microphone for Miss World 2011 winner Ivian Sarcos of Venezuela . . 22 June 2016 . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: Jason Cook online . Jasoncookonline.net . 22 June 2016.
- News: Fennelly . Gary . Miss Northern Ireland Meagan Green prepares for Miss World 2013 final in Bali Indonesia . . 22 September 2013 . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss World 2013 crown goes to Miss Philippines . . 28 September 2013 . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: Heller . Corinne . Miss World 2014 Winner Is Miss South Africa, Rolene Strauss . . 14 December 2014 . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: Marsh . Harriet . Miss England misses out on 2014 Miss World crown . . 14 December 2014 . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: Miss World 2015: Megan Young to host beauty pageant . Daily Pakistan Global . 19 December 2015 . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: Pawar . Rushali . Miss World 2015 Grand Finale: Live stream the ceremony [VIDEO] . International Business Times, India Edition . 19 December 2015 . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: West . Victoria . Picture Gallery: Bedford band The Wholls performs at Miss World . Bedford Today . 21 December 2015 . 22 June 2016 . 11 September 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160911154438/http://www.bedfordtoday.co.uk/news/local/picture-gallery-bedford-band-the-wholls-performs-at-miss-world-1-7127036 . dead .
- Web site: Miss Spain is new Miss World . . 20 December 2015 . 22 June 2016.
- Web site: IN PHOTOS: Megan Young hosts Miss World 2017. philippines.shafaqna. www.philippines.shafaqna.com. 18 November 2017.
- Web site: Angel Velez .
Jamaica
Poland
Czech Republic
Georgia
Antigua and Barbuda
China
Malta
Japan
Mongolia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Nigeria
France
Cote d'Ivoire
Martinique
Mexico
Croatia
Sweden
Ghana
Ecuador
Hong Kong
Trinidad and Tobago
India
Kenya
Indonesia
Nepal
Brazil
Guyana
Philippines
South Africa
United States