List of Mesozoic birds explained

This list of Mesozoic birds is a comprehensive list of all Mesozoic dinosaurs that have been assigned to the clade Avialae (birds, in the broadest sense). The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera that are now considered invalid, doubtful (nomen dubium), or were not formally published (nomen nudum), as well as junior synonyms of more established names, and genera that are no longer considered avialan. The list currently includes 263 genera.

Scope and terminology

There is no official, canonical list of Mesozoic bird genera, but some of the more complete ones include Holtz's list of Mesozoic dinosaurs,^[1] Molina-Perez & Larramendi's list of theropods,^[2] and Mickey Mortimer's Theropod Database.^[3] Lists of ex-birds are generally rare, but one example is the "Ex-Saurischian Taxa and Basal Saurischians" section of the Theropod Database.^[4]

Authors and year

The authors column lists the authors of the formal description responsible for the erection of the genus listed. They are not necessarily the same as the authors of the type species, as sometimes a species from one genus is determined sufficiently distinct to warrant the erection of a new genus to house it. If this is the case, only the latter authors will be listed. The year column notes the year the genus' description was published.

Status

Naming conventions and terminology follow the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Technical terms used include:

• Junior synonym: A name which describes the same taxon as a previously published name. If two or more genera are formally designated and the type specimens are later assigned to the same genus, the first to be published (in chronological order) is the senior synonym, and all other instances are junior synonyms. Senior synonyms are generally used, except by special decision of the ICZN, but junior synonyms cannot be used again, even if deprecated. Junior synonymy is often subjective, unless the genera described were both based on the same type specimen.
• Nomen nudum (Latin for "naked name"): A name that has appeared in print but has not yet been formally published by the standards of the ICZN. Nomina nuda (the plural form) are invalid, and are therefore not italicized as a proper generic name would be. If the name is later formally published, that name is no longer a nomen nudum and will be italicized on this list. Often, the formally published name will differ from any nomina nuda that describe the same specimen.
• Preoccupied name: A name that is formally published, but which has already been used for another taxon. This second use is invalid (as are all subsequent uses) and the name must be replaced.
• Nomen dubium (Latin for "dubious name"): A name describing a fossil with no unique diagnostic features. As this can be an extremely subjective and controversial designation, this term is not used on this list.

Age

The age column denotes the epoch of geologic time to which the fossils date. Genera that are invalid, misidentified, or otherwise do not represent a valid Mesozoic bird are listed as age N/A because there was never a time in which a Mesozoic bird by that generic name actually lived.

Location and notes

The location column designates the geographic region where remains of the relevant genus have been found. The regions used are countries, despite the fact that there were no political boundaries in Mesozoic times; they are only used for convenience. Genera that are invalid, misidentified, or otherwise do not represent a valid Mesozoic bird are listed as location N/A because there was never a place in which a Mesozoic bird by that generic name actually lived. The notes column is a collection of annotations on the scientific significance and taxonomic history of listed genera, as well as elaborations on the information presented in other columns.

List

Genus	Authors	Year	Status	Age	Location	Notes	Images
Abavornis^[5]	Panteleyev	1998	Valid		Uzbekistan
Aberratiodontus^[6]	Gong et al.	2004	Junior synonym		China	Junior synonym of Yanornis.
Abitusavis^[7]	Wang et al.	2020	Valid		China
Alamitornis^[8]	Agonlin & Martinelli	2009	Valid		Argentina
Alcmonavis^[9]	Rauhut et al.	2019	Valid		Germany
Alethoalaornis	Li et al.	2007	Valid		China
Alexornis^[10]	Brodkorb	1976	Valid		Mexico
Ambiortus	Kurochkin	1982	Valid		Mongolia
Ambopteryx^[11]	Wang et al.	2019	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Anatalavis	Olson & Parris	1987	Valid		United States England	The type species is known from the Late Cretaceous–Paleocene border, while a referred species is from the Eocene.
Anchiornis^[12]	Xu et al.	2009	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Angelinornis	Kashin	1972	Junior synonym		United States	Junior synonym of Ichthyornis.
Antarcticavis^[13]	Cordes-Person et al.	2020	Valid		Antarctica
Apatornis	Marsh	1873	Valid		United States
Apsaravis^[14]	Norell & Clarke	2001	Valid		Mongolia
Archaeopteryx^[15]	Meyer	1861	Valid		Germany	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Archaeorhynchus^[16]	Zhou & Zhang	2006	Valid		China
Archaeornis	Petronievics	1917	Junior synonym		Germany	Junior synonym of Archaeopteryx.
Archaeornithura^[17]	Wang et al.	2015	Valid		China
Archaeovolans	Czerkas & Xu	2002	Junior synonym		China	Junior synonym of Yanornis.
Asiahesperornis	Nesov & Prizemlin	1991	Valid		Kazakhstan
Asteriornis^[18]	Field et al.	2020	Valid		Belgium
Aurornis^[19]	Godefroit et al.	2013	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Austinornis^[20]	Clarke	2004	Valid		United States
Avimaia^[21]	Bailleul et al.	2019	Valid		China
Avisaurus^[22]	Brett-Surman & Paul	1985	Valid		United States
Balaur^[23]	Csiki et al.	2010	Valid		Romania	Originally (and sometimes still) thought to be a non-avialan theropod.
Baptornis	Marsh	1877	Valid		United States
Bauxitornis^[24]	Dyke & Ősi	2010	Valid		Hungary
Beiguornis^[25]	Wang et al.	2022	Valid		China
Bellulia	Wang et al.	2016a	Preoccupied	N/A	N/A	Name preoccupied by the moth Bellulia Fibiger 2008 and replaced by Bellulornis.
Bellulornis	Wang et al.	2016b	Valid		China
Bohaiornis^[26]	Hu et al.	2011	Valid		China
Boluochia^[27]	Zhou	1995	Valid		China
Bradycneme^[28]	Harrison & Walker	1975	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; more likely a non-avialan theropod.
Brevidentavis^[29]	O'Connor et al.	2021	Valid		China
Brevirostruavis^[30]	Li et al.	2021	Valid		China
Brodavis^[31]	Martin et al.	2012	Valid		United States Mongolia
Caihong^[32]	Hu et al.	2018	Valid		China	Considered to be a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Camptodontornis^[33]	Demirjian	2019	Valid		China
Camptodontus^[34]	Li et al.	2010	Preoccupied	N/A	N/A	Name preoccupied by the beetle Camptodontus Dejean, 1826 and replaced by Camptodontornis.
Canadaga^[35]	Hou	1999	Valid		Canada
Castignovolucris^[36]	Buffetaut et al.	2023	Valid		France
Catenoleimus	Panteleyev	1998	Valid		Uzbekistan
Cathayornis	Zhou et al.	1992	Valid		China
Ceramornis^[37]	Brodkorb	1963	Valid		United States
Cerebavis^[38]	Kurochkin et al.	2006	Valid		Russia
Changchengornis^[39]	Ji et al.	1999	Valid		China
Changmaornis^[40]	Wang et al.	2013	Valid		China
Changzuiornis^[41]	Huang et al.	2016	Disputed		China	Possibly synonymous with Juehuaornis.
Chaoyangia	Hou & Zhang	1993	Valid		China
Chiappeavis^[42]	O'Connor et al.	2016	Valid		China
Chongmingia^[43]	Wang et al.	2016	Valid		China
Chupkaornis^[44]	Tanaka et al.	2017	Valid		Japan
Cimoliornis	Owen	1846	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; actually a pterosaur.
Cimolopteryx	Marsh	1892	Valid		United States	May be Paleocene.
Colonosaurus^[45]	Marsh	1872	Junior synonym		United States	Junior synonym of Ichthyornis.
Concornis^[46]	Sanz & Buscalioni	1992	Valid		Spain
Confuciusornis^[47]	Hou et al.	1995	Valid		China
Coniornis	Marsh	1893	Junior synonym		United States	Junior synonym of Hesperornis.
Cosesaurus^[48]	Ellenberger & de Villalta	1974	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Sometimes proposed to be a bird ancestor; actually a tanystropheid.
Cratoavis^[49]	Carvalho et al.	2015	Valid		Brazil
Cratonavis^[50]	Li et al.	2023	Valid		China
Cretaaviculus	Bazhanov	1969	Valid		Kazakhstan
Cretornis^[51]	Fritsch	1880	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; actually a pterosaur.
Cruralispennia^[52]	Wang et al.	2017	Valid		China
Cuspirostrisornis^[53]	Hou	1997	Valid		China
Dalianraptor	Gao & Liu	2005	Disputed	N/A	N/A	Likely a chimaera consisting of a Jeholornis and another theropod.
Dalingheornis^[54]	Zhang et al.	2006	Valid		China
Dapingfangornis^[55]	Li et al.	2006	Valid		China
Didactylornis^[56]	Yuan	2008	Junior synonym		China	Junior synonym of Sapeornis.
Dingavis^[57]	O'Connor et al.	2016	Disputed		China	Possibly synonymous with Changzuiornis and/or Juehuaornis.
Dunhuangia^[58]	Wang et al.	2015	Valid		China
Elbretornis^[59]	Walker & Dyke	2009	Valid		Argentina	Possibly synonymous with Lectavis, Soroavisaurus and/or Yungavolucris.
Elektorornis^[60]	Xing et al.	2019	Valid		Myanmar
Elopteryx^[61]	Andrews	1913	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; more likely to be a non-avialan theropod.
Elsornis^[62]	Chiappe et al.	2007	Valid		Mongolia
Enaliornis	Seeley	1876	Valid		England
Enantiophoenix^[63]	Cau & Arduini	2008	Valid		Lebanon
Enantiornis^[64]	Walker	1981	Valid		Argentina
Eoalulavis^[65]	Sanz et al.	1996	Valid		Spain
Eocathayornis^[66]	Zhou	2002	Valid		China
Eoconfuciusornis^[67]	Zhang et al.	2008	Valid		China
Eoenantiornis^[68]	Hou et al.	1999	Valid		China
Eogranivora^[69]	Zheng et al.	2018	Valid		China
Eopengornis	Wang et al.	2014	Valid		China
Eosinopteryx^[70]	Godefroit et al.	2013	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Epidendrosaurus^[71]	Zhang et al.	2002	Junior synonym		China	Possible synonym of Scansoriopteryx.
Epidexipteryx^[72]	Zhang et al.	2008	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Eurolimnornis^[73]	Kessler & Jurcsák	1986	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; reinterpreted as a pterodactyloid pterosaur.
Evgenavis^[74]	O'Connor et al.	2014	Valid		Russia
Explorornis	Panteleyev	1998	Valid		Uzbekistan
Falcatakely^[75]	O'Connor et al.	2020	Valid		Madagascar
Feitianius^[76]	O'Connor et al.	2015	Valid		China
Flexomornis^[77]	Tykoski & Fiorillo	2010	Valid		United States
Fortipesavis^[78]	Clark & O'Connor	2021	Valid		Myanmar
Fortunguavis^[79]	Wang et al.	2014	Valid		China
Fujianvenator^[80]	Xu et al.	2023	Valid		China	Found within the family Anchiornithidae, which may represent non-avialan dinosaurs
Fukuipteryx^[81]	Imai et al.	2019	Valid		Japan
Fumicollis^[82]	Bell & Chiappe	2015	Valid		United States
Gallornis	Lambrecht	1931	Valid		France
Gansus^[83]	Hou & Liu	1984	Valid		China
Gargantuavis^[84]	Buffetaut & Le Loeuff	1998	Valid		France Spain Romania
Gettyia^[85]	Atterholt et al.	2018	Valid		United States
Gobipipus^[86]	Kurochkin & Chatterjee	2013	Valid		Mongolia	Very similar to embryonic Gobipteryx.
Gobipteryx^[87]	Elżanowski	1994	Valid		Mongolia
Grabauornis^[88]	Dalsätt et al.	2014	Valid		China
Gracilornis^[89]	Li & Hou	2011	Valid		China
Graculavus	Marsh	1872	Valid		United States	May be Paleocene.
Gretcheniao	Chiappe et al.	2019	Valid		China
Griphornis	Woodward	1862	Junior synonym		Germany	Name officially rejected in favor of Archaeopteryx.
Griphosaurus	Wagner	1862	Junior synonym		Germany	Name officially rejected in favor of Archaeopteryx.
Guildavis	Clarke	2004	Valid		United States
Gurilynia^[90]	Kurochkin	1999	Valid		Mongolia
Halimornis^[91]	Chiappe	2002	Valid		United States
Hargeria	Lucas	1903	Junior synonym		United States	Junior synonym of Hesperornis.
"Hebeiornis"^[92]	Xu et al.	1999	Nomen nudum	N/A	N/A	Synonym of Vescornis due to being based on the same holotype. However, despite predating the description of Vescornis by five years, its description is so poor that it is regarded as a nomen nudum and a synonym.
Heptasteornis	Harrison & Walker	1975	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; more likely a non-avialan theropod.
Hesperornis	Marsh	1872	Valid		United States Canada Russia
Holbotia^[93]	Zelenkov & Averianov	2015	Valid		Mongolia
Hollanda^[94]	Bell et al.	2010	Valid		Mongolia
Hongshanornis^[95]	Zhou & Zhang	2005	Valid		China
Horezmavis	Nessov & Borkin	1983	Valid		Uzbekistan
Houornis^[96]	Wang & Liu	2015	Valid		China
Huoshanornis^[97]	Wang et al.	2010	Valid		China
Iaceornis	Clarke	2004	Valid		United States
Iberomesornis^[98]	Sanz & Bonaparte	1992	Valid		Spain
Ichthyornis	Marsh	1873	Valid		United States
Ilerdopteryx	Lacasa-Ruiz	1985	Valid		Spain
Imparavis^[99]	Wang et al.	2024	Valid		China
Incolornis	Panteleyev	1998	Valid		Uzbekistan
Intiornis^[100]	Novas et al.	2010	Valid		Argentina
Iteravis	Zhou et al.	2014	Valid		China
Janavis^[101]	Benito et al.	2022	Valid		Belgium
Jeholornis^[102]	Zhou et al.	2002	Valid		China
Jianchangornis^[103]	Zhou et al.	2009	Valid		China
Jibeinia	Hou	1997	Valid		China
Jinfengopteryx^[104]	Ji et al.	2005	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; actually a non-avian dinosaur.
Jinguofortis^[105]	Wang et al.	2018	Valid		China
Jinzhouornis	Hou et al.	2002	Junior synonym		China	Junior synonym of Confuciusornis.
Jiuquanornis	Wang et al.	2013	Valid		China
Jixiangornis^[106]	Ji et al.	2002	Valid		China
Judinornis	Nessov & Borkin	1983	Valid		Mongolia
Juehuaornis^[107]	Wang et al.	2015	Valid		China
Junornis^[108]	Liu et al.	2017	Valid		China
Jurapteryx	Howgate	1984	Junior synonym		Germany	Junior synonym of Archaeopteryx.
Kaririavis^[109]	Carvalho et al.	2021	Valid		Brazil
Khinganornis^[110]	Wang et al.	2020	Valid		China
Kizylkumavis^[111]	Nessov	1984	Valid		Uzbekistan
Kompsornis^[112]	Wang et al.	2020	Valid		China
Kookne	Novas et al.	2019	Valid		Argentina
Kuszholia^[113]	Nesov	1992	Valid		Uzbekistan
Lamarqueavis^[114]	Agnolin	2010	Valid		Argentina United States Canada
Laopteryx^[115]	Marsh	1881	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; actually a pterosaur.
Laornis^[116]	Marsh	1870	Valid		United States	May be Paleocene.
Largirostrornis	Hou	1997	Disputed		China	Possible synonym of Cathayornis.
Lectavis^[117]	Chiappe	1993	Valid		Argentina
Lenesornis^[118]	Kurochkin	1996	Valid		Uzbekistan
Lestornis^[119]	Marsh	1876	Junior synonym		United States	Junior synonym of Hesperornis.
Liaoningornis^[120]	Hou	1996	Valid		China
Liaoxiornis^[121]	Hou & Chen	1999	Valid		China
Limenavis^[122]	Clarke & Chiappe	2001	Valid		Argentina
Limnornis^[123]	Kessler & Jurcsak	1984	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Name preoccupied by the ovenbird Limnornis Gould 1839 and replaced by Palaeocursornis. Originally described as a bird; actually a pterosaur.
Lingyuanornis^[124]	Ji & Ji	1999	Junior synonym	N/A	N/A	Junior synonym of Liaoxiornis as it is based on the same holotype.
Linyiornis^[125]	Wang et al.	2016	Valid		China
Lisboasaurus^[126]	Seiffert	1970	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Sometimes proposed to be a bird; actually a crocodilian.
Lonchodytes	Brodkorb	1963	Valid		United States	May be Paleocene.
Longchengornis	Hou	1997	Disputed		China	Possible synonym of Cathayornis.
Longicrusavis^[127]	O'Connor et al.	2010	Valid		China
Longipteryx^[128]	Zhang et al.	2001	Valid		China
Longirostravis^[129]	Hou et al.	2004	Valid		China
Longisquama^[130]	Sharov	1970	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Sometimes proposed to be a bird ancestor; actually an indeterminate reptile.
Longusunguis^[131]	Wang et al.	2014	Valid		China
Maaqwi^[132]	McLachlan et al.	2017	Valid		Canada
Martinavis^[133]	Walker et al.	2007	Valid		France Argentina
Meemannavis	O'Connor et al.	2021	Valid		China
Megalancosaurus^[134]	Calzavara et al.	1980	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Sometimes proposed to be a bird ancestor, but actually a drepanosaurid.
Mengciusornis^[135]	Wang et al.	2019	Valid		China
Microenantiornis	Wei & Li	2017	Valid		China
Mirarce	Atterholt et al.	2018	Valid		United States
Mirusavis^[136]	Wang et al.	2020	Valid		China
Monoenantiornis^[137]	Hu & O'Connor	2016	Valid		China
Musivavis^[138]	Wang et al.	2022	Valid		China
Mystiornis^[139]	Kurochkin et al.	2011	Valid		Russia
Nanantius^[140]	Molnar	1986	Valid		Australia
Neimengornis^[141]	Wang et al.	2021	Valid		China
Neogaeornis^[142]	Lambrecht	1929	Valid		Chile
Neuquenornis^[143]	Chiappe & Calvo	1994	Valid		Argentina
Noguerornis^[144]	Lacasa-Ruiz	1989	Valid		Spain
Novacaesareala	Parris & Hope	2002	Valid		United States	May be Paleocene.
Oculudentavis^[145]	Xing et al.	2020	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; reinterpreted as an indeterminate lizard.
Omnivoropteryx^[146]	Czerkas & Ji	2002	Valid		China
Orienantius	Liu et al.	2019	Valid		China
Ostromia^[147]	Foth & Rauhut	2017	Valid		Germany	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Otogornis	Hou	1994	Valid		China
Palaeocursornis	Kessler & Jurcsak	1986	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; actually a pterosaur.
Palaeonornis	Emmons	1857	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; actually a junior synonym of the phytosaur Rutiodon.
Palaeopteryx	Jensen	1981	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; more likely a non-avian theropod.
Palaeornis	Mantell	1844	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Name preoccupied by the parrot Palaeornis Vigors 1825. Originally described as a bird; actually a pterosaur.
Palaeotringa	Marsh	1870	Valid		United States	May be Paleocene.
Palintropus^[148]	Brodkorb	1970	Valid		United States Canada
Parabohaiornis	Wang et al.	2014	Valid		China
Parahesperornis^[149]	Martin	1984	Valid		United States
Parahongshanornis^[150]	Li et al.	2011	Valid		China
Parapengornis^[151]	Hu et al.	2015	Valid		China
Paraprotopteryx^[152]	Zheng et al.	2007	Valid		China
Parascaniornis	Lambrecht	1933	Junior synonym		Sweden	Junior synonym of Baptornis.
Parvavis^[153]	Wang et al.	2014	Valid		China
Pasquiaornis^[154]	Tokaryk et al.	1997	Valid		Canada
Patagopteryx^[155]	Alvarenga & Bonaparte	1992	Valid		Argentina
Pedopenna^[156]	Xu & Zhang	2005	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Pelagornis	Seeley	1866	Preoccupied	N/A	N/A	Named preoccupied by the Miocene bird Pelagornis Lartet 1857 and replaced by Enaliornis.
Pengornis^[157]	Zhou et al.	2008	Valid		China
Piksi^[158]	Varricchio	2002	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; reinterpreted as a pterodactyloid pterosaur.
Piscivoravis^[159]	Zhou et al.	2013	Valid		China
Piscivorenantiornis^[160]	Wang & Zhou	2017	Valid		China
Platanavis	Nesov	1992	Valid		Uzbekistan
Plegadornis	Wetmore	1962	Preoccupied	N/A	N/A	Name preoccupied by the modern bird Plegadornis Brehm 1855; junior synonym of Ichthyornis.
Polarornis^[161]	Chatterjee	2002	Valid		Antarctica
Potamornis^[162]	Elzanowski et al.	2001	Valid		United States
Praeornis^[163]	Rautian	1978	Valid		Kazakhstan
Priscavolucris^[164]	Gomez Pallerola	1979	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; reinterpreted as a hybodontiform fish.^[165]
"Proornis"	Lim	1993	Nomen nudum	N/A	N/A
Protarchaeopteryx^[166]	Ji & Ji	1997	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; actually a non-avian dinosaur.
Protoavis^[167]	Chatterjee	1991	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; more likely a chimaera of several vertebrates.
Protopteryx^[168]	Zhang & Zhou	2000	Valid		China
Pterodactylus^[169]	Rafinesque	1815	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Sometimes thought to be a bird before being described as a pterosaur.
Pterygornis^[170]	Wang et al.	2015	Valid		China
Qiliania^[171]	Ji et al.	2011	Valid		China
Rahona^[172]	Forster et al.	1998a	Preoccupied	N/A	N/A	Name preoccupied by the moth Rahona Griveaud 1975 and replaced by Rahonavis.
Rahonavis^[173]	Forster et al.	1998b	Valid		Madagascar	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Rapaxavis^[174]	Morschhauser et al.	2009	Valid		China
Rhamphorhynchus^[175]	Meyer	1846	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally thought to be a bird before being described as a pterosaur.
Samrukia^[176]	Naish et al.	2012	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally described as a bird; actually a pterosaur.
Sapeornis^[177]	Zhou & Zhang	2002	Valid		China
Sazavis^[178]	Nesov	1989	Valid		Uzbekistan
Scansoriopteryx^[179]	Czerkas & Yuan	2002	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Schizooura^[180]	Zhou et al.	2012	Valid		China
Serikornis^[181]	Lefèvre et al.	2017	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Shangyang	Wang & Zhou	2019	Valid		China
Shanweiniao^[182]	O'Connor et al.	2009	Valid		China
Shengjingornis^[183]	Li et al.	2012	Valid		China
Shenqiornis^[184]	Wang et al.	2010	Valid		China
Shenshiornis^[185]	Hu	2010	Junior synonym		China	Junior synonym of Sapeornis.
Shenzhouraptor^[186]	Ji et al.	2002	Disputed		China	Possible synonym of Jeholornis.
Similiyanornis	Wang et al.	2020	Valid		China
Sinornis^[187]	Sereno & Rao	1992	Valid		China
Songlingornis	Hou	1997	Valid		China
Soroavisaurus^[188]	Chiappe	1993	Valid		Argentina
Struthiosaurus^[189]	Bunzel	1871	Misidentification	N/A	N/A	Originally thought to be a bird; actually an ankylosaurian dinosaur.
"Styginetta"	Stidham	2001	Nomen nudum	N/A	N/A	Obscure; named in a thesis.
Sulcavis^[190]	O'Connor et al.	2013	Valid		China
Telmatornis	Marsh	1870	Valid		United States
Teviornis^[191]	Kurochkin et al.	2002	Valid		Mongolia
Tianyuornis^[192]	Zheng et al.	2014	Valid		China
Tingmiatornis^[193]	Bono et al.	2016	Valid		Canada
Torotix	Brodkorb	1963	Valid		United States
Tytthostonyx^[194]	Olson & Parris	1987	Valid		United States
Vegavis^[195]	Clarke et al.	2005	Valid		Antarctica
Vescornis^[196]	Zhang et al.	2004	Disputed		China	Possible junior synonym of Jibeinia.
Volgavis	Nessov & Yarkov	1989	Valid		Russia
Vorona^[197]	Forster et al.	1996	Valid		Madagascar
Wasaibpanchi	Malkani	2021	Disputed		Pakistan	Publication status uncertain.
Wellnhoferia^[198]	Elżanowski	2001	Disputed		Germany	Possible junior synonym of Archaeopteryx.
Wyleyia^[199]	Harrison & Walker	1973	Valid		England
Xiangornis^[200]	Hu et al.	2012	Valid		China
Xinghaiornis^[201]	Wang et al.	2013	Valid		China
Xiaotingia^[202]	Xu et al.	2011	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Yandangornis^[203]	Cai & Zhao	1999	Valid		China
Yangavis^[204]	Wang et al.	2018	Valid		China
Yanornis^[205]	Zhou & Zhang	2001	Valid		China
Yatenavis^[206]	Herrera et al.	2022	Valid		Argentina
Yi^[207]	Xu et al.	2015	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Yixianornis	Zhou & Zhang	2001	Valid		China
Yixianosaurus^[208]	Xu & Wang	2003	Valid		China	Considered a non-avialan theropod by some researchers.
Yuanchuavis^[209]	Wang et al.	2021	Valid		China
Yuanjiawaornis^[210]	Hu et al.	2015	Valid		China
Yumenornis	Wang et al.	2013	Valid		China
Yungavolucris^[211]	Chiappe	1993	Valid		Argentina
Yuornis^[212]	Xu et al.	2021	Valid		China
Zhongjianornis^[213]	Zhou et al.	2010	Valid		China
Zhongornis^[214]	Gao et al.	2008	Valid		China
Zhouornis^[215]	Zhang et al.	2013	Valid		China
Zhylgaia^[216]	Nessov	1988	Valid		Kazakhstan	Dating is uncertain; may be Late Cretaceous or Paleogene.
Zhyraornis	Nessov	1984	Valid		Uzbekistan

See also

• List of dinosaur genera - for non-avialan dinosaurs

Notes and References

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