List of Mars landers explained

The following table is a list of successful and unsuccessful Mars landers. As of 2022, 21 lander missions and 8 sub-landers (Rovers and Penetrators) attempted to land on Mars. Of 21 landers, the Curiosity rover and Perseverance rover are currently in operation on Mars.

Mars landers

List of Mars landers
S.NoLandersLaunch dateLanding dateMass (kg)[1] Landing siteRegionStatusCountryMOLAEntry velocityReferences
1.Mars 2MV-3 No.104 Nov 196225 Nov 1962890----[2]
2.Mars 219 May 197127 Nov 1971121045°S 47°E♦---[3] [4]
3.Mars 328 May 197102 Dec 1971121045°S 202°E♦Sirenum Terra-5.7 km/sec[5]
4.Mars 605 Aug 197312 Mar 197463523.90°S 19.4°WMargaritifer Terra--[6]
5.Mars 709 Aug 1973-635----[7]
6.Viking 120 Aug 197520 Jul 197657222.27°N 47.95°WChryse Planitia United States-3.54.61 km/sec[8]
7.Viking 209 Sep 197503 Sep 197657247.64°N 225.71°WUtopia Planitia United States-3.54.61 km/sec[9]
8.Phobos 1§07 Jul 1988-2600†----[10]
9.Phobos 2§12 Jul 1987-2600†----
10.Mars 9616 Nov 1996-3159----
11.Mars Pathfinder04 Dec 199604 Jul 199736119°7′48″ N 33°18′12″WAres Vallis United States-2.57.26 km/sec[11] [12]
12.Mars Polar Lander03 Jan 199903 Dec 199958376°S 195°WUltimi Scopuli United States-3.06.91 km/sec[13] [14]
13.Beagle 202 Jun 200325 Dec 200333.211.5265°N 90.4295°EIsidis Planitia-5.63 km/sec[15] [16]
14.Spirit rover10 Jun 20034 Jan 200417414.5684°S 175.4726°EGusev Crater United States-1.95.4 km/sec[17] [18] [19]
15.Opportunity rover07 Jul 200325 Jan 20041741.9462°S 354.4743°EMeridiani Planum United States-1.45.5 km/sec[20]
16.Phoenix lander04 Aug 200725 May 200835068.22°N 125.7°WVastitas Borealis United States-3.55.59 km/sec
17.Curiosity rover26 Nov 20116 Aug 20128994.5895°S 137.4417°EGale Crater United States2.05.6 km/sec[21] [22]
18.Schiaparelli EDM14 Mar 201619 Oct 20165772.052°S 6.208°WMeridiani PlanumESA/1.455.83 km/sec[23]
19.InSight Mars Lander5 May 201826 Nov 20187274.5°N 135.9°EElysium Planitia United States-2.56.3 km/sec[24]
20.Perseverance rover30 Jul 202018 Feb 20211,02518.4447°N 77.4508°EJezero crater United States--[25]
21.Tianwen-123 July 202014 May 202124025.1°N, 109.7°EUtopia Planitia-4.8 km/sec[26]
§ - Spacecraft intended for Martian moons (Phobos and Deimos), †Entry Mass, ♦ Estimated, MOLA - Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter
List of sub-landers onboard Mars landers!S.No!Sub-Landers!Type!Lander Slot!Launch Date!Mass (kg)!Status!References
1.PrOP-MRoverMars 219 May 19714.5
2.PrOP-MRoverMars 328 May 19714.5
3.Mars 96PenetratorMars 9616 Nov 199688
4.Deep Space 2PenetratorMars Polar Lander03 Jan 19992.4
5.SojournerRoverMars Pathfinder04 Dec 199611.5
6.Mars helicopter IngenuityUAV HelicopterMars 2020 Perseverance rover30 Jul 20211.8
7.ZhurongRoverTianwen-123 Jul 2021240
8.Tianwen-1 Remote cameraCameraZhurong rover1 June 2021<1

Future proposed Mars lander missions

List of future proposed Mars lander missions!Lander!Proposed Launch!Country!Agency!Type!Sub-Lander!References
Mars MetNet Precursor?FinlandFMIImpact Lander-[27]
Mars MetNet?FinlandFMIMulti-lander-[28]
Mars Lander2045South KoreaKARILander-[29]
Icebreaker2026USNASALander-[30]
Martian Moons Exploration2026JapanJAXALanderSample Return[31]
Phootprint2024EuropeESALanderAscent Stage[32]
Fobos-Grunt (Repeat)2024RussiaROSCOSMOSLanderAscent Stage[33]
Mars-Grunt2024RussiaROSCOSMOSLander-
BOLD2020USNASAImpact Lander6-Impact Lander[34]

See also

Notes and References

  1. M . Malaya Kumar Biswal . A . Ramesh Naidu . 2018-08-23 . A Novel Entry, Descent and Landing Architecture for Mars Landers . 1809.00062 . physics.pop-ph.
  2. 10.13140/RG.2.2.13568.07682 . Comparative EDL Summary of Mars Landers . Biswal.m . Malaya Kumar . Annavarapu . Ramesh Naidu . 2019 .
  3. Web site: NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . 2019-01-13.
  4. Perminov, V. G. (1999). The difficult road to Mars: a brief history of Mars exploration in the Soviet Union.
  5. Web site: NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . 2019-01-13.
  6. Web site: NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . 2019-01-13.
  7. Web site: NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . 2019-01-13.
  8. Web site: Viking 1 Lander . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . 2019-01-13.
  9. Web site: Viking 2 Lander . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . 2019-01-13.
  10. Web site: Phobos Project Information . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . 2019-01-13.
  11. Shevalev . I. L. . Huntress . W. T. . Moroz . V. I. . 2002-09-01 . Planetary Missions of the 20th Century* . Cosmic Research . 40 . 5 . 419–445 . 10.1023/A:1020690700050. 117853853 .
  12. Nilsen, E. N. (2012). Exploring Mars: an overview
  13. Mars Pathfinder Heatshield Design and Flight Experience . Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets . 36 . 3 . 374–379 . 10.2514/2.3456 . 1999 . Willcockson . William H. . 1999JSpRo..36..374W.
  14. Web site: NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . 2019-01-13.
  15. Book: 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference . 10.2514/6.2003-1902 . Parachute Subsystems for the Beagle 2 Mars Lander Entry Descent and Landing Systems . 2003 . Lindstrand . Per . 978-1-62410-100-7.
  16. 1998-06-01 . A sophisticated lander for scientific exploration of Mars: scientific objectives and implementation of the Mars-96 Small Station . Planetary and Space Science . 46 . 6–7 . 717–737 . 10.1016/S0032-0633(98)00008-7 . Linkin . V. . 11541818 . etal . 1998P&SS...46..717L.
  17. Web site: mars.nasa.gov. Newsroom. 2021-05-24. mars.nasa.gov.
  18. Web site: GeoHack - Spirit rover. 2021-05-24. geohack.toolforge.org.
  19. Mars Exploration Entry, Descent and Landing Challenges (gatech.edu)
  20. Web site: GeoHack - Opportunity rover. 2021-05-24. geohack.toolforge.org.
  21. Web site: mars.nasa.gov. Summary Rover. 2021-05-24. NASA’s Mars Exploration Program. en.
  22. Web site: mars.nasa.gov. News. 2021-05-24. NASA’s Mars Exploration Program. en.
  23. Web site: NASA - NSSDCA - Spacecraft - Details . nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov . 2019-01-13.
  24. Web site: InSight Mars Lander Missions . Greicius . Tony . 2015-02-23 . NASA . 2019-01-13.
  25. Web site: Mission Overview . 2020-05-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220410004735/https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/overview/ . 2022-04-10 . live . NASA Mars . NASA .
  26. 1393361045347966978 . sklplanets . 2021-05-15 . landing of #Tianwen1, on #Mars! Landing point: 109.7 E, 25.1 N, less than 40 km from target location in Utopia Planitia. More details expected later! .
  27. Book: 2008epsc.conf..361H . MMPM - Mars MetNet Precursor Mission . European Planetary Science Congress 2008, Proceedings of the conference held 21-25 September, 2008 in Münster, Germany . . 361 . Harri . A.-M. . etal . 2008.
  28. Book: 10.2514/6.2012-631. Design Study for a Mars Geyser Hopper. 50th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. 2012. Landis. Geoffrey. Oleson. Steven. McGuire. Melissa. 978-1-60086-936-5. 2060/20120004036.
  29. Web site: Park . Si-soo . 19 November 2022 . South Korean leader eyes “landing on moon in 2032, Mars in 2045 . SpaceNews .
  30. 10.1089/ast.2012.0878. 23560417. The Icebreaker Life Mission to Mars: A Search for Biomolecular Evidence for Life. Astrobiology. 13. 4. 334–353. 2013. McKay. Christopher P.. Stoker. Carol R.. Glass. Brian J.. Davé. Arwen I.. Davila. Alfonso F.. Heldmann. Jennifer L.. Marinova. Margarita M.. Fairen. Alberto G.. Quinn. Richard C.. Zacny. Kris A.. Paulsen. Gale. Smith. Peter H.. Parro. Victor. Andersen. Dale T.. Hecht. Michael H.. Lacelle. Denis. Pollard. Wayne H.. 2013AsBio..13..334M.
  31. Web site: Miyamoto . Hirdly . 17 March 2016 . Japanese mission of the two moons of Mars with sample return from Phobos . NASA MEPAG . 14 January 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160516065146/http://mepag.nasa.gov/meeting/2016-03/17_Miyamoto.pdf . 16 May 2016 . dead .
  32. Galimov . E. M. . 2010-02-01 . Phobos sample return mission: Scientific substantiation . Solar System Research . 44 . 1 . 5–14 . 10.1134/S0038094610010028 . 2010SoSyR..44....5G. 124416846 .
  33. Zelenyi . L. . Zakharov . A. . Polischuk . G. . Pichkhadze . K. . Akim . E. . Hirahara . Masfumi . Miyoshi . Yoshizumi . Terada . Naoki . Mukai . Toshifumi . 2009 . Phobos Sample Return mission . AIP Conference Proceedings . 1144 . 1 . 128–137 . 10.1063/1.3169276 . 2009AIPC.1144..128Z.
  34. 10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.008. The Biological Oxidant and Life Detection (BOLD) mission: A proposal for a mission to Mars. Planetary and Space Science. 67. 1. 57–69. 2012. Schulze-Makuch. Dirk. Head. James N.. Houtkooper. Joop M.. Knoblauch. Michael. Furfaro. Roberto. Fink. Wolfgang. Fairén. Alberto G.. Vali. Hojatollah. Kelly Sears. S.. Daly. Mike. Deamer. David. Schmidt. Holger. Hawkins. Aaron R.. Aaron Hawkins (engineer) . Sun. Henry J.. Lim. Darlene S.S.. Dohm. James. Irwin. Louis N.. Davila. Alfonso F.. Mendez. Abel. Andersen. Dale. 2012P&SS...67...57S.

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