List of LGBT Summer Olympians (1896–2000) explained

There are 136 modern Summer Olympic athletes, who made their Olympic debut up to and including 2000, who have identified or been identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, pansexual, non-binary, queer, or who have openly been in a same-sex relationship, including one who has also competed at the Winter Olympic Games. The first Olympic Games in which an athlete now known to be LGBT+ competed was the 1900 Summer Olympics, also the first LGBT+ Olympic medalist and first contemporaneously out Olympian.

The most decorated able-bodied LGBT+ Summer Olympian is Australian swimmer Ian Thorpe, with 9 medals including 5 golds. At least 78 LGBT+ Summer Olympians who debuted up to and including 2000 are medalists (57.35%), of which 37 have at least one gold medal (27.21%).

Key

• Tables are default sorted by first Games appearance chronologically, then current surname or common nickname alphabetically, then first name alphabetically. They can be sorted by current surname (where used) or common nickname alphabetically; by country and sport alphabetically; by Games chronologically; and by medals as organised in Olympics medals tables.

Summer Olympic athletes and coaches (1900–2000)

Athlete		Country	Sport	Games	Medal(s)	Notes
data-sort-value="Montesquiou, Robert"			France	Equestrian	1900		Montesquiou was a "notorious homosexual", with this influence discussed, though he may have lived a chaste life. He won a bronze medal in the Hacks and hunter combined equestrian event in 1900; prior to 1996, the event was not consistently considered to have been truly Olympic, but is since included. Around the time of his Games appearance in 1900, Montesquiou was noted to feel stifled by the aristocracy he had been born into, which was "fundamentally conservative".
data-sort-value="Poage, George"			United States	Athletics	1904		The first African-American Olympic medalist, Poage was also gay. Black activists wanted a boycott of the 1904 Games in which Poage competed, as crowds would be segregated in St. Louis, but Poage felt it important that he compete. After his success, he moved to the city to teach; though rumors of him being gay were prevalent, and may be the reason he was fired from his teaching job, it was only confirmed by family after his death.
data-sort-value="Bukh, Niels"			Denmark	Gymnastics	1908, 1912		Bukh was selected to the 1908 Olympic team, but did not compete, and then was coach of the gold-medal winning 1912 gymnastics team. He was out, though not widely; he was outed internationally by a former partner after expressing support for the Nazis. In part, his support came from Adolf Hitler being a personal fan and inviting Bukh to be part of his propaganda (displaying the ideal male aesthetic) for the 1936 Games in Berlin. His biographers suggest that, despite his support for the party; the German occupation of Denmark; and the outing, Bukh never knew of the Nazi stance on homosexuality.
data-sort-value="Rovsing, Leif"		Leif Rovsing	Denmark	Tennis	1912		Rovsing was openly gay within his sport and this was accepted; the Danish Football Association, which administed tennis at the time, however, felt his sexuality was at conflict with the working-class ideals of their sport, and in 1917 used evidence of other men visiting Rovsing's home to ban him from competing. The ban was rescinded but reinstated in the 1920s, saying that his "opinions and conduct" were the reason for the ban, which then extended to being excluded from some locker and shower rooms.
data-sort-value="Lowy, Fritzi"		Fritzi Löwy	Austria	Swimming	1928		Described as "reportedly bisexual" during her career, Löwy remained unmarried.
data-sort-value="Peltzer, Otto"			data-sort-value="Germany"	Germany (Weimar Republic)	Athletics	1928, 1932		Peltzer was openly gay, though this was not widely known. In the 1930s, he was arrested by the Nazis for his homosexuality. Sentenced to 18 months in prison, he was released early on the condition that he renounce his involvement in sports. He did but, ultimately, was imprisoned in Mauthausen concentration camp until its liberation in 1945.
data-sort-value="Didrikson Zaharias, Babe"			data-sort-value="United States"	United States	Athletics	1932		Won two gold medals and one silver medal in one Olympic Games. Though she did not identify her sexuality, Didrikson Zaharias was described as a lesbian. As her marriage deteriorated in the 1950s, she became intimate with Betty Dodd, who moved into Didrikson's home towards the end of her life.
data-sort-value="Stephens, Helen"			data-sort-value="United States"	United States	Athletics	1936		Stephens had a long-time female partner. At the 1936 Games, she and rival Stella Walsh were accused of being men. Rudimentary sex verification checks were carried out; Stephens reported that Hitler himself "[took] hold of [her] fanny" to affirm she was a woman, which she was (an autopsy would show that Walsh was intersex).
data-sort-value="Larney, Marjorie"		Marjorie Larney	data-sort-value="United States"	United States	Athletics	1952, 1956
data-sort-value="McGreivy, Susan"			data-sort-value="United States"	United States	Swimming	1956		Following her Olympics competition, McGreivy became a lesbian activist. She also helped to defend the Gay Games in front of the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee.
data-sort-value="Elder, Norman"				Equestrian	1960, 1968		Elder was known to be gay within his community for many years but was widely outed in the 1990s after being charged with indecent assault allegations relating to instances of gay sex in the 1970s. After serving a prison sentence, he fell into poverty and subsequently killed himself in 2003.
data-sort-value="Lay, Marion"				Swimming	1964, 1968		Lay competed in two Olympic Games, winning a bronze medal in 1968. After competing, Lay came out as a lesbian, and has contributed to supporting LGBT issues in sport, including organizing Pride Houses.
data-sort-value="ButtnerJanz, Karin"		Karin Büttner-Janz	data-sort-value="Germany"		Gymnastics	1968, 1972
data-sort-value="Phelps, Mason, Jr"		Mason Phelps Jr.	United States	Equestrian	1968		Selected as an alternate.
data-sort-value="Waddell, Tom"			United States	Athletics	1968		Several years after competing at the Olympic Games, Waddell founded the "Gay Olympics", renamed the Gay Games. He died of AIDS shortly after this.
data-sort-value="Chatfield, Mark"			United States	Swimming	1972		Chatfield came out after retiring from sport, saying he remained closeted for fear of being removed from the team, and then unretired to compete in the Gay Games in 1994.
data-sort-value="Prijdekker, Peter"		Peter Prijdekker		Swimming	1972		As well as the Olympics, Prijdekker competed at the Gay Games for Great Britain, having previously been banned from his swim team after his partner died of AIDS.
data-sort-value="Baxter, Betty"				Volleyball	1976		After competing, Baxter became a volleyball coach, but was fired when newspapers outed her as a lesbian. She then helped to organize the Gay Games.
data-sort-value="Cranham, Scott"				Diving	1976		Cranham came out after his Olympic career, and went on to compete at Gay Games.
data-sort-value="Jenner, Caitlyn"			United States	Athletics	1976		Jenner won the men's decathlon in 1976 before becoming a reality star; when she came out in 2015, she became one of the highest profile transgender individuals. She advocates to prevent trans women from taking part in sports at all levels.
data-sort-value="Kirby, Sandra"				Rowing	1976		After competing at the Olympics, Kirby started campaigning against female athletes all having to have chromosomal testing in order to compete. She then became a researcher of gender and homophobia in sports, and came out after becoming a professor.
data-sort-value="Lieberman, Nancy"			United States	Basketball	1976		Previously dated Martina Navratilova, but stayed closeted even as Navratilova came out.
data-sort-value="Louganis, Greg"			United States	Diving	1976, 1984, 1988		Though he had been living a fairly openly gay life, Louganis publicly came out with a pre-taped video shown at the 1994 Gay Games. A year later, he announced he was HIV-positive in his memoir, Breaking the Surface. In 1984 and 1988, Louganis won gold medals in both diving events, having won platform silver in 1976; he famously hit his head on the diving board in 1988, bleeding, shortly after being diagnosed as HIV-positive, a scenario he said left him "paralyzed with fear".
data-sort-value="Marquis, Gail"			United States	Basketball	1976		Married a woman in 2011.
data-sort-value="Rouyer, Olivier"				Football	1976		A member of the French football squad, Rouyer came out as gay after retiring from both playing and coaching.
data-sort-value="Etherton, Terence"		Terence Etherton		Fencing	1980		Etherton was named to the team in 1980 but chose to boycott.
data-sort-value="Polinario, Rafael"		Rafael Polinario		Swimming	1980		After competing, Polinario sought asylum in Canada and became a coach for their Paralympic swimming team, particularly his daughter, Anne Polinario.
data-sort-value="Silva, Jackie"		Jackie Silva		Volleyball, Beach volleyball	1980, 1984, 1996		Competed in volleyball in 1980 and 1984, and won gold in the inaugural beach volleyball competition in 1996.^[1] ^[2]
data-sort-value="Braun, Sabine"		Sabine Braun	data-sort-value="Germany"	/ Germany	Athletics	1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000		Braun is openly lesbian and lives with Beate Peters.
data-sort-value="Cassuto, Sherry"		Sherry Cassuto	United States	Rowing	1984, 1988		An alternate in the 1984 Olympics, Cassuto competed in 1988.
data-sort-value="Dover, Robert"			United States	Equestrian	1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2004		Known as the first widely out Summer Olympian, Dover came out before competing in his second Games in 1988. In 2004, he told reporters that there were many more gay athletes than were out at the Games, suggesting they were closeted just because they were more focused on sport.
data-sort-value="Duhaime, Greg"				Athletics	1984		Duhaime was openly gay.
data-sort-value="Fernández, Gigi"			United States	Tennis	1984, 1992, 1996		Though Puerto Rican, Fernández competed for the United States at the Olympics. She came out in 1993 and has been with partner Jane Geddes since the 1990s.
data-sort-value="Gilder, Ginny"		Ginny Gilder	United States	Rowing	1984		^[3]
data-sort-value="Hayes, Bruce"		Bruce Hayes	United States	Swimming	1984		Hayes became the first Olympic gold medalist to compete at the Gay Games, which he did in 1990.
data-sort-value="MacKinnon, Zoe"		Zoe MacKinnon		Hockey	1984		^[4]
data-sort-value="Metcalf, Holly"			United States	Rowing	1984
data-sort-value="Peters, Beate"		Beate Peters	data-sort-value="Germany"		Athletics	1984, 1988		Peters is openly lesbian and lives with Sabine Braun.
data-sort-value="Aberg, Helena"				Swimming	1988		Åberg's coach was unhappy when she publicly came out in the 1980s, but they reconciled and went on to work together in training for the Olympics.
data-sort-value="Foster, Mark"				Swimming	1988, 1992, 1996, 2000, 2008		Came out widely in 2017.
data-sort-value="Jackson, Colin"				Athletics	1988, 1992, 1996, 2000		Jackson denied he was gay in a 2004 autobiography, and again in 2008, before coming out in 2017.
data-sort-value="Jeffrey, Patrick"			United States	Diving	1988, 1996		Jeffrey came out between his Olympic appearances, competing openly in 1996.
data-sort-value="Marshall, Brian"				Athletics	1988		Came out in 1994.
data-sort-value="Moser, Ana"		Ana Moser		Volleyball	1988, 1992, 1996		Moser became a politician after her sports career; as of 2023 she has a wife.^[5]
data-sort-value="Novotná, Jana"		Jana Novotná	/	Tennis	1988, 1992, 1996		Lived with partner Iwona Kuczyńska from 2010 until Novotná's death in 2017.
data-sort-value="Olsen, Inger Pors"		Inger Pors Olsen		Rowing	1988, 1996
data-sort-value="Rogerson, Craig"				Diving	1988, 1992, 1996		Rogerson was out when he first competed in 1988.
data-sort-value="Rossner, Petra"			data-sort-value="Germany"	/ Germany	Cycling	1988, 1992, 2000		She began living with then-partner Judith Arndt in 1996.
data-sort-value="Tewksbury, Mark"				Swimming	1988, 1992		A year after his last Olympics, in 1993, Tewksbury anonymously came out on a Canadian radio show discussing homophobia in sport. He publicly came out in 1998.
data-sort-value="Veatch, Dan"			United States	Swimming	1988		Veatch said that, when he went to the Olympics in 1988, he both had not personally dealt with his sexuality, and felt there would have been a lot of pressure to come out as gay as a top-level athlete. He went on to compete at the 1998 Gay Games.
data-sort-value="Annan, Alyson"			/ /	Hockey	1992, 1996, 2000, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024		Competed as a player for Australia from 1992 to 2000, winning two golds; as coach for the Netherlands from 2012 to 2020, winning two golds and a silver; and coach for China in 2024. She was also the team manager of the Netherlands squad in 2004, when they won a silver medal.^[6] At the 2000 Olympics she met her future wife, Dutch player Carole Thate.
data-sort-value="Blasco, Miriam"		Miriam Blasco		Judo	1992		Married Nicola Fairbrother, her opponent in her Olympic gold medal match, in 2016.
data-sort-value="de Kok, Irene"		Irene de Kok		Judo	1992
data-sort-value="Dunn, Lin"		Lin Dunn	United States	Basketball	1992		As coach.^[7]
data-sort-value="Fairbrother, Nicola"		Nicola Fairbrother		Judo	1992, 1996		Married Miriam Blasco, her opponent in her Olympic gold medal match, in 2016.
data-sort-value="Frostad, Lawrence Keith"			United States	Swimming	1992		Came out in 2022, saying he had experienced homophobia as part of the national team.
data-sort-value="Hester, Carl"				Equestrian	1992, 2000, 2004, 2012, 2016, 2020, 2024		Hester has competed at seven Summer Olympics, and has been publicly out as gay since before his fourth Olympics, at home in the UK.
data-sort-value="Leduc, Mark"				Boxing	1992		Leduc spoke anonymously about being gay and an Olympian on a Canadian radio show in 1993, before coming out publicly in 1994.
data-sort-value="Martínez, Conchita"				Tennis	1992, 1996, 2000, 2004		Was in a relationship with Gigi Fernández in the 1990s.
data-sort-value="Marnie, McBean"				Rowing	1992, 1996		McBean began coming out within her personal life after competing.
data-sort-value="Sarasola, Enrique"				Equestrian	1992, 1996, 2000		^[8]
data-sort-value="Tait, Blyth"				Equestrian	1992, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2008		Competed at four Summer Olympics as an athlete, and as eventing manager in 2008; he was publicly out before the 2004 Games.
data-sort-value="Thate, Carole"				Hockey	1992, 1996, 2000		Out by the 2000 Olympics, where she met her future wife, Australian opponent Alyson Annan.
data-sort-value="Andersen, Anja"				Handball	1996		Had a relationship with teammate Camilla Andersen at the time of the 1996 Games.
data-sort-value="Andersen, Camilla"				Handball	1996, 2000		Entered a civil partnership with Norwegian opponent Mia Hundvin shortly before the 2000 Games; they were the first spouses to directly compete against each other at the Olympics.
data-sort-value="Arndt, Judith"			Germany	Cycling	1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012		She began living with then-partner Petra Rossner in 1996.
data-sort-value="Azzi, Jennifer"			United States	Basketball	1996		Came out widely in 2016 when introducing fellow gay basketball executive Rick Welts at an event.
data-sort-value="Bergqvist, Kajsa"				Athletics	1996, 2000		Came out as bisexual in 2011.
data-sort-value="Burley, Kris"		Kris Burley		Gymnastics	1996		Burley is a spokesman for the Canadian Olympic Committee's program to combat homophobia in sport.
data-sort-value="Carlsen, Agnete"		Agnete Carlsen	Norway	Football	1996		Entered a registered partnership with teammate Heidi Støre in 1999.
data-sort-value="Cook, Natalie"				Beach volleyball	1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012		Married a woman in 2008.
data-sort-value="Cromwell, Amanda"		Amanda Cromwell	United States	Football	1996		Married a woman in 2022. Won the event as part of the team, but did not play.
data-sort-value="Ferris, Michelle"				Cycling	1996, 2000		Was widely out before 2011, when The Age wrote that she had been the first out Australian elite sportswoman; at the time, she explained that if she had ever been asked about her sexuality when competing she would have been out, and did not bring it up herself as she felt it was unrelated to her sport. She also said that her sexuality was known at the time she was competing, she just did not talk about it publicly.
data-sort-value="Formiga"				Football	1996, 2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020		Widely out by the 2020 Games.
data-sort-value="Hansen, Louise"		Louise Hansen	Denmark	Football	1996		Widely out by 2008, when she was in a relationship with Renate Lingor. Was part of the squad but did not play.
data-sort-value="Haugen, Tone"		Tone Haugen		Football	1996		Also competed in the 2002 Gay Games.
data-sort-value="Hautala, Tiia"				Athletics	1996, 2000, 2004		Came out in 2013.
data-sort-value="King, Billie Jean"			United States	Tennis	1996, 2000		King was outed by an ex-partner in a lawsuit in 1981, ultimately forcing her retirement in 1983; she did not get a chance to play at the Olympics but did coach the United States women's tennis team to two gold medals, and in 2003 was awarded the International Olympic Committee Women and Sport World Trophy. In 2013, Barack Obama named her to the US delegation for the 2014 Winter Olympics, held in Sochi, as a statement against Russia's homophobic laws.
data-sort-value="Kowalski, Daniel"				Swimming	1996, 2000		Came out in 2010.
data-sort-value="Kraus, Katja"		Katja Kraus	Germany	Football	1996		Unused substitute. Married to politician Katrin Suder.
data-sort-value="Lingor, Renate"			Germany	Football	1996, 2000, 2004, 2008		Widely out by 2008, when she was in a relationship with Louise Hansen.
data-sort-value="Medalen, Linda"				Football	1996		Came out in 1999.
data-sort-value="Melissanidis, Ioannis"			Greece	Gymnastics	1996, 2000		Came out in 1996. Reportedly the first openly gay Greek modern Olympian to win a gold medal.
data-sort-value="Minnert, Sandra"		Sandra Minnert		Football	1996, 2000, 2004
data-sort-value="Nordby, Bente"				Football	1996, 2000		Came out in 2005.
	data-sort-value="Obree, Graeme"			Cycling	1996		^[9]
data-sort-value="Pichler, David"			United States	Diving	1996, 2000		Came out publicly shortly before his Olympic debut in 1996, in an interview at the US trials, when he accused the national coach of being out to get him and his boyfriend.
data-sort-value="Riise, Hege"			/	Football	1996, 2000, 2020		^[10]
data-sort-value="Roche, Danni"		Danni Roche		Hockey	1996		^[11]
data-sort-value="Scurry, Briana"			United States	Football	1996, 2000, 2004		Widely out by 1999.
data-sort-value="Seidel, Guenter"			Germany	Equestrian	1996, 2000, 2004		Was widely out before 2004.
data-sort-value="Seth, Reidun"		Reidun Seth		Football	1996		Also competed in the 2002 Gay Games.
data-sort-value="Sjodin, Jimmy"		Jimmy Sjödin		Diving	1996
data-sort-value="Store, Heidi"		Heidi Støre	Norway	Football	1996		Entered a registered partnership with teammate Agnete Carlsen in 1999.
data-sort-value="Stubbs, Rennae"				Tennis	1996, 2000, 2004, 2008		Came out publicly in 2006.
data-sort-value="Sundhage, Pia"			/ /	Football	1996, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020		Competed as a player for Sweden in 1996, the coach of the Sweden women's team in 2016, the coach of the United States women's team in 2008 and 2012, and the coach of the Brazil women's team in 2020. She came out in 2010, saying that she experienced no homophobia in the United States.
data-sort-value="Swoopes, Sheryl"			United States	Basketball	1996, 2000, 2004		Swoopes came out as gay in 2005, and lived with a female partner for six years. She has twice married men.
data-sort-value="Videkull, Lena"		Lena Videkull		Football	1996
data-sort-value="Vizaniari, Lisa-Marie"				Athletics	1996, 2000		Vizaniari was widely out prior to the 2000 Olympics.
data-sort-value="Voss Tecklenburg, Martina"		Martina Voss-Tecklenburg	Germany	Football	1996		Had a relationship with Inka Grings that ended in 2000.
data-sort-value="Webber, Saskia"		Saskia Webber	United States	Football	1996		Webber was an alternate goalkeeper for the team. She has also played at the Gay Games.
data-sort-value="Agar, Francilla"				Swimming	2000		Agar is openly lesbian and resides in Canada, saying at the time of her Games that she sometimes avoided going back to Dominica due to the attitude of the wider community.
data-sort-value="Agliotti, Marilyn"				Hockey	2000, 2008, 2012		Came out publicly in 2011.
data-sort-value="Angerer, Nadine"			Germany	Football	2000, 2004, 2008		Angerer won her first two bronze medals as reserve goalkeeper without playing a match; she was the main goalkeeper in 2008 when she won her third bronze. She came out in 2010.
data-sort-value="Blasco, Carl"				Triathlon	2000, 2004		Came out shortly before the 2000 Olympics.
data-sort-value="Buschbaum, Balian"			Germany	Athletics	2000		Competed in women's events and came out as a transgender man in 2007, retiring early in order to undergo hormone treatment and transition. He continued to coach until 2013.
data-sort-value="Costello, Robert"		Robert Costello	United States	Equestrian	2000
data-sort-value="Cruz, Orlando"				Boxing	2000		Came out widely in 2012.
data-sort-value="Daniilidou, Eleni"		Eleni Daniilidou		Tennis	2000, 2004, 2008
data-sort-value="Duplitzer, Imke"			Germany	Fencing	2000, 2004, 2008, 2012		Came out before 2004 Games.
data-sort-value="Grings, Inka"		Inka Grings	Germany	Football	2000		Grings is openly bisexual, and has had a relationship with Linda Bresonik.
data-sort-value="Haggstrom, Peter"				Athletics	2000		Came out in 2009.
data-sort-value="Helm, Matthew"				Diving	2000, 2004, 2008		Helm achieved both his medals at the 2004 Games. He was widely out when competing.
data-sort-value="Holmes, Kelly"				Athletics	2000, 2004		Holmes came out in 2022, at the time describing her fears of being reprimanded by the military (which she had been in prior to her sporting career) if she came out earlier, as well as worrying about isolation in the sporting community as she did not know any out sportspeople when she was competing. LGBT+ campaigners noted that her interview highlighted how in 2022 there were still barriers to coming out.
data-sort-value="Hundvin, Mia"				Handball	2000		Entered a civil partnership with Danish opponent Camilla Andersen shortly before the 2000 Games; they were the first spouses to directly compete against each other at the Olympics. They separated three years later; Hundvin has since had relationships with men.
data-sort-value="Jimenez, Juan Antonio"				Equestrian	2000, 2004, 2024		^[12]
data-sort-value="Jones, Steffi"				Football	2000, 2004		Came out in 2013.
data-sort-value="Kenkhuis, Johan"				Swimming	2000, 2004		Kenkhuis was widely out prior to the 2004 Games.
data-sort-value="Kierskou, Lotte"				Handball	2000, 2004		Began openly dating Rikke Skov when Skov joined the Viborg HK handball team in 2003; they split in 2011.
data-sort-value="Laybutt, Stephen"				Football	2000		Came out after his playing career.^[13]
data-sort-value="Mauresmo, Amelie"				Tennis	2000, 2004		Came out in 1999, aged 19, upon defeating the world number 1 at the Australian Open, attributing her success to accepting her sexuality.
data-sort-value="Meece, Lauren"			United States	Judo	2000		Meece came out after competing. She then wrote an op-ed saying that Olympians should not be made to be gay role models, saying that she never needed a gay sporting role model (so this and other reasons athletes have come out are "cop outs" covering "ulterior motives"), and that pride and "gay politics" have no place at the Olympics, after having seen Edinanci Silva harassed about being intersex.
data-sort-value="OBrien, Paul"		Paul O'Brien		Equestrian	2000
data-sort-value="Richardson-Walsh, Helen"				Hockey	2000, 2008, 2012, 2016		Helen Richardson and Kate Walsh met on the Great Britain hockey team and started dating in 2008. They married in 2013 and, in 2016, became the first same-sex married couple to win an Olympic gold medal together.
data-sort-value="Richardson-Walsh, Kate"				Hockey	2000, 2008, 2012, 2016		Helen Richardson and Kate Walsh met on the Great Britain hockey team and started dating in 2008. They married in 2013 and, in 2016, became the first same-sex married couple to win an Olympic gold medal together.
data-sort-value="Salisbury, Cheryl"		Cheryl Salisbury		Football	2000, 2004
data-sort-value="Sandell Svensson, Victoria"				Football	2000, 2004, 2008		Widely out prior to the 2008 Games. Her sister-in-law is teammate Cecilia Sandell.
data-sort-value="Sjogran, Therese"		Therese Sjögran		Football	2000, 2004, 2008		Has been in a relationship with Malin Levenstad.
data-sort-value="Sykora, Stacy"			United States	Volleyball	2000, 2004, 2008		Came out widely in 2012.
data-sort-value="Teeuwissen, Arjen"				Equestrian	2000		Was widely out prior to competing.
data-sort-value="Teutenberg, Ina-Yoko"			Germany	Cycling	2000, 2012		Came out in 2012.
data-sort-value="Thorpe, Ian"				Swimming	2000, 2004		Thorpe came out as gay in 2014, having often denied this earlier in his career. Later that year he gave a Q&A hosted by the International Olympic Committee in which he discussed challenges he faced in swimming because of his sexuality.
data-sort-value="Towey, Gearoid"		Gearoid Towey		Rowing	2000, 2004, 2008
data-sort-value="Wallace, Ji"				Gymnastics	2000		Came out in 2005, revealed he has HIV in 2012.
data-sort-value="Williams, Natalie"		Natalie Williams	United States	Basketball	2000		^[14]
data-sort-value="Witty, Chris"		Chris Witty	United States	Cycling	2000		Witty has competed in both Summer and Winter Olympics; she was a flagbearer at her last Games in 2006. She has only won medals in speed skating. With her gold in 2002, she also set a world record. She lives with partner and fellow former speed skater Frouke Oonk.

Sources

Databases

International Olympic Committee

• Web site: Athens 2004 Hockey Official Results Book. https://web.archive.org/web/20160113121937/https://library.la84.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2004/Results/Hockey.pdf. 13 January 2016. Olympic Reports. IOC. 2004.
• Web site: Sherry R. CASSUTO. Olympics.com. 6 July 2022. IOC. 2022a.
• Web site: Irene DE KOK. Olympics.com. 6 July 2022. IOC. 2022c.
• Web site: Carl Hester Olympic Results. Olympics.com. 6 July 2022. IOC. 2022d.
• Web site: Carole THATE. Olympics.com. 6 July 2022. IOC. 2022e.
• Web site: Chris WITTY. Olympics.com. 6 July 2022. IOC. 2022f.
• Web site: Marilyn AGLIOTTI. Olympics.com. 6 July 2022. IOC. 2022g.
• Web site: Eleni DANIILIDOU. Olympics.com. 6 July 2022. IOC. 2022h.
• Web site: Amelie MAURESMO. Olympics.com. 6 July 2022. IOC. 2022i.
• Web site: Paul O'Brien. Olympics.com. 6 July 2022. IOC. 2022j.
• Web site: Gearoid TOWEY. Olympics.com. 6 July 2022. IOC. 2022k.

Olympedia

• Web site: https://web.archive.org/web/20200417221025/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/pe/otto-peltzer-1.html. Otto Peltzer. 17 April 2020. Sports Reference. Olympedia. 2020.
• Web site: Robert Costello. May 8, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20121114134554/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/co/robert-costello-1.html. 14 November 2012. Sports Reference. Olympedia. 2020b.
• Web site: Babe Didrikson. 24 March 2021. Sports Reference. https://web.archive.org/web/20200417161705/https://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/di/babe-didrikson-1.html. 17 April 2020. Olympedia. 2021.
• Web site: Robert de Montesquiou-Fézensac. 2022-08-29. Olympedia. 2022a.
• Web site: Imke Duplitzer. 2012-03-03. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20120802233145/http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/athletes/du/imke-duplitzer-1.html. 2 August 2012. 2022b. Sports Reference. Olympedia.
• Web site: Amanda Cromwell. 2023-01-12. Olympedia. 2023.
• Web site: Louise Hansen. 5 April 2023. Olympedia. 2023b.
• Web site: Sandra Minnert. 14 May 2023. Olympedia. 2023c.

Other databases

• Web site: Mathew Helm. 2022-07-04. AOC. Australian Olympic Committee. 2022.
• Web site: 2000 Summer Olympics – Sydney, Australia – Gymnastics. https://web.archive.org/web/20080823081053/http://www.databaseolympics.com/games/gamessport.htm?g=25&sp=GYM. 2008-08-23. databaseOlympics. 15 August 2008. 2008.
• Web site: 9 May 2014. Nadine Angerer. German Football Association. DFB. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20150924050528/http://www.dfb.de/frauen-nationalmannschaft/team/profil?_=r&spieledb_path=%2Fteams%2F27385%2Fnational_player%2F50839. 24 September 2015. 4 July 2015. de.
• Web site: Carl Blasco (FRA). 2022-07-04. World Triathlon. World Triathlon. 2022.

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• News: Bråstedt. Mats. 26 July 2008. Victoria Svensson talar ut om kärleken till frun. sv. Victoria Svensson speaks out about the love to the wife. Expressen. dead. 26 July 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080727001431/http://www.expressen.se/sport/OS/Fotboll/1.1244084/victoria-svensson-talar-ut-om-karleken-till-frun. 27 July 2008.
• Buzinski. Jim. 7 November 2000. Glory - and a little gold - for gay Olympians. The Advocate. 12 December 2014.

• Caldwell. John. 7 December 2004. Out and silver in Holland. The Advocate. 31 October 2007.
• News: Cascarino. Tony. Tony Cascarino. 28 April 2003. Is it time to open the closet?. The Times. London. 12 August 2009.
• Perfect 10 - Matt Helm. 2006. Creagh. Andrew. DNA. 83. 4 October 2008. subscription.
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• News: 2 December 2010. Angerer bekennt sich zu Männern und Frauen. German. Angerer is committed to men and women. Sport-Informations-Dienst. Die Zeit. Giovanni di Lorenzo. di Lorenzo. Giovanni. live. 2 December 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20140116104755/http://www.zeit.de/sport-newsticker/2010/12/2/261288xml. 16 January 2014.
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• News: Gold medallist Natalie Cook marries Sarah Marshall. 30 November 2008. The Courier-Mail. Fagan. David. news.com.au.
• The Second Act: Gigi Fernandez's fascinating post-tour career. 15 June 2021. Flink. Steve. Steve Flink. 2022-06-25. Tennis.
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• News: Gibb. Frances. Frances Gibb. Gay former athlete promoted to highest ranks of judiciary. The Times. 27 May 2016. 2022-07-29. 0140-0460.
• News: The Herald. Hitler pinched my bottom. Doug. Gillon. 7 October 2008. 6 October 2008.
• News: Gillon. Doug. 18 February 2012. Discrimination of any kind in sport must be stamped out. The Herald. Glasgow. 2012-04-15.
• News: Granderson. LZ. LZ Granderson. 28 October 2008. Three-time MVP 'tired of having to hide my feelings'. ESPN The Magazine. December 11, 2008.

• News: Halloran. Jessica. Out, proud and ready to go for gold. 24 May 2008. The Sydney Morning Herald. 18 August 2008.
• News: Hannan. Liz. Divided in sport, united in love: two women and a baby boy. The Sunday Age. 1 July 2007.
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• News: Marks. Kathy. Kathy Marks. 3 November 2002. Sydney stays aloof as Gay Games kick off. 2022-12-30. The Independent.
• News: Barbara. Marshall. 27 June 2011. The scene maker: He's all about horses. The Palm Beach Post. 11 December 2013.
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• Web site: Linda. Pearce. 7 January 2006. Rennae out of closet, in your face. 3 September 2010. The Sydney Morning Herald.
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• News: 7 March 2013a. Transsexualität: Der Mann, der erkannte, was Frauen wirklich wollen. German. Transsexuality: The man who realized what women really want. 2019-03-23. Die Welt. Peters. Jan-Eric.

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• News: Provenzano. Jim. Jim Provenzano. 11 August 2004. Heroics: Carrying a Torch for Gay Olympians. 4 January 2012. Windy City Times.

• 19 February 2008. Olivier Rouyer, commentateur sportif et ex-footballeur, fait son coming-out. Myrtille. Rambion. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090601161053/http://www.tetu.com/actualites/people/Olivier-Rouyer-commentateur-sportif-et-ex-footballeur-fait-son-coming-out-12595. 1 June 2009. 12 August 2009. Têtu. fr. Olivier Rouyer, sports commentator and ex-footballer, comes out.
• News: Robbins. Liz. 27 October 2005. Swoopes Says She Is Gay, and Exhales. The New York Times. 2021-11-19. 0362-4331.
• A history of women and the Olympics. Chatelaine. 24 June 2008. Robinson. Laura. Laura Robinson (journalist).
• News: Roström-Andersson. Sofia. 20 December 2011. Kajsa Bergqvist kommer ut. sv. Kajsa Bergqvist comes out. Aftonbladet. 10 October 2019.

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• 5 March 1995. Public Glory, Secret Agony. Newsweek. Staff.

• News: Valentine. Renee. 16 November 2017. Matildas legend Cheryl Salisbury: 'I'm treated equal now'. The Newcastle Herald.

• News: 1995. Wilstein. Steve. Steve Wilstein. Homosexuality In Sports Now Impossible To Ignore. 3 July 2022. The Seattle Times.
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• News: The Express Gay News. https://web.archive.org/web/20070422171418/http://www.expressgaynews.com/2004/7-9/arts/feature/index.cfm. Trotting Down a Different Path: Gays play an important role in Wellington's equestrian community. 13 August 2004. 22 April 2007. Zeffer. Andy.

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• News: 9 May 2015. Adhopia. Vik. Vik Adhopia. Homophobia in sports still pervasive in Canada, new study shows. CBC News. August 17, 2021.
• Web site: 2023-02-14. Allan. Lance. La Crosse's George Poage was the first Black American to win Olympic medals. TMJ4 News.

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• News: Borresen. Kelsey. 24 August 2017. Former Olympian Gets Proposed To In Venice, And The Pics Are So Romantic. HuffPost. 24 March 2020.
• Web site: Brattgård. Louv. Simmaren en av de första att "komma ut" i Sverige. Swimmer one of the first to "come out" in Sweden. SVT Sport. 2017-10-30. sv. 12 October 2017.
• Web site: Brownworth. Victoria A.. Victoria Brownworth. 31 May 2017. Tennis Is Filled With Lesbians!. 2022-08-17. Curve.
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• Web site: Buzinski. Jim. 11 July 2011. Moment #93: David Pichler, Patrick Jeffrey compete as openly gay in Olympics. 2022-07-03. Outsports.
• Web site: 23 openly gay and lesbian athletes at 2012 London Summer Olympics. Outsports. 18 July 2012. Buzinski. Jim.
• Web site: Gay ex-Olympic gymnast Kris Burley remembers the isolation, fear. Outsports. 3 December 2014. Buzinski. Jim.

• Web site: Castile. Eliza. 4 August 2016. 10 LGBTQ Olympians From History. 19 August 2021. Bustle.
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• Web site: Burnttoast #105. 2008. dead. DNA. Creagh. Andrew. 3 March 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120329003915/http://www.dnamagazine.com.au/articles/news.asp?news_id=6698. 29 March 2012.

• Web site: 3 July 2007. Lesbian Tennis Star Amelie Mauresmo Named World's Top Player. D'Amboise. Angela. https://web.archive.org/web/20080610003645/http://www.gaysports.com/page.cfm?Sectionid=31&typeofsite=storydetail&ID=642&storyset=yes. 10 June 2008. GaySports.
• Web site: Daniel. Heath. 14 July 2014. Greg Louganis Tells How He Went From Heartthrob To Activist With Candid New Film. Queerty.
• Web site: 12 August 2008. Football - Knowledge: who has scored the most hat-tricks in a single season?. https://web.archive.org/web/20080812074049/http://www.guardian.co.uk/football/2007/oct/10/theknowledge.sport. 12 August 2008. 2022-07-04. The Guardian. Dart. James. Bandini. Nicky.
• News: Pride follow lead of first-time pro coach Amanda Cromwell. David. Austin. 2023-01-12. April 16, 2022. Orlando Sentinel.
• News: 13 January 2010. Head coach Pia Sundhage of the U.S. Women's Soccer Team comes out. AfterEllen. 14 July 2011. https://archive.today/20120724140027/http://www.afterellen.com/blog/drummerdeeds/head-coach-pia-sundhage-of-the-us-womens-soccer-team-comes-out. 24 July 2012. drummerdeeds.
• Web site: Athlete: Billie Jean King. 2022-08-17. Women's Sports Foundation. Duggan. Megan. Meghan Duggan. 2022.

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• Web site: Enforque - Miriam Blasco: "Nicola y yo llevamos casadas año y medio". 24 July 2017. RTVE. Spanish. Focus - Miriam Blasco: "Nicola and I have been married for a year and a half". Escario. María. María Escario.
• Web site: Esselink. Jean Ann. 6 August 2012a. 2012 Olympics: Who Are The LGBT Athletes? Day Twenty — Rikke Skov. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20140221223801/http://thenewcivilrightsmovement.com/2012-olympics-who-are-the-lgbt-athletes-day-twenty-rikke-skov/news/2012/08/06/45206. 21 February 2014. TheNewCivilRightsMovement. 29 August 2017.

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• Web site: Gillespie. Kerry. 16 August 2013. Sochi: Canadian Olympians weigh in on Russia's anti-gay law. . December 12, 2014.
• Web site: 2008-10-02. Fotos: Das Liebesleben unserer WM-Heldinnen. 2023-01-10. RP ONLINE. de. Seit mehreren Jahren ist Renate Lingor mit der dänischen Fußball-Nationalspielerin Louise Hansen liiert. AP. Gösmann. Sven.
• Homosexualité et le triathlon. French. Homosexuality and triathlon. Triathlete. 4 March 2010. 275. Guiard. Christophe.

• Web site: Hahn. Katharina. Hermann Tecklenburg Martina Voss-Tecklenburg: Die Liebes-Vita unserer Bundestrainerin. Hermann Tecklenburg Martina Voss-Tecklenburg: The love life of our national coach. Bunte.de. 3 August 2022. German.
• Web site: Katja Kraus heiratet von der Leyens Staatssekretärin. Hamburger Abendblatt. German. 30 March 2017. Haider. Lars.
• Web site: 25 October 2012. Hallowell. Lucy. Team USA Volleyball Player Stacy Sykora Comes Out. dead. https://archive.today/20130101192313/http://www.afterellen.com/content/2012/10/team-usa-volleyball-player-stacy-sykora-comes-out. 1 January 2013. 3 February 2022. AfterEllen.
• Web site: 16 February 2018. Hardwick. Courtney. Important Moments In The History Of LGBT Olympians. August 26, 2021. IN Magazine.
• Web site: Hellmann. Frank. Liebe im Verborgenen: Wie der DFB mit der Thema Homosexualität in der Frauen-Nationalelf umgeht. Secret love: How the DFB deals with the issue of homosexuality in the women's national football team. 26 June 2011. Mitteldeutsche Zeitung. de.
• Web site: 21 November 2017. Jana Novotná obituary. Henderson. Jon. 2022-06-27. The Guardian.
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• Web site: 2002-07-28. Hilland. Linda. Skeive fotballdamer. 2023-01-12. Stavanger Aftenblad. nb.
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• News: Kendt håndboldpar skilles. Danish. Famous handball couple part ways. 12 October 2011. Idskov. Thomas. B.T.. 29 August 2017.
• Web site: Nämäkin urheilijat ovat tulleet kaapista ulos. Finnish. These athletes have come out of the closet, too. Iltalehti. Iltalehti. 2 February 2014. 17 June 2023.
• Web site: Paris 1900. 2016. International Olympic Committee. International Olympic Committee. 10 October 2017. 2 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171010120400/https://www.olympic.org/Paris-1900. dead.
• Web site: Leduc remembered as Olympic champ, gay role model. CBC Sports. 24 July 2009. Iorfida. Chris.

• Web site: Mia Hundvin holdt bruddet hemmelig – har fått ny kjæreste. 2022-07-04. Verdens Gang. nb. Mia Hundvin kept the breakup a secret - has got a new boyfriend. 22 January 2021. Jørstad Wergeland. Atle. Gonsholt Ighanian. Catherine.

• Web site: Karlan. Sarah. 25 July 2016. Here Are Just Some Of The Badass Queer Women Competing In Rio. 17 May 2022. BuzzFeed.
• Web site: 2 September 2017. Colin Jackson: Phenomenal athlete who came out at 50. The Guardian. Kelner. Martha. Martha Kelner.
• News: 16 February 2010. Olympic Pride House: Medalist says "help sport come out". OutQ News. Kitching. Heather.
• Web site: Kvamme. Sigve. 20 July 2005. Folk må følge bedre med. 13 August 2009. Dagbladet. no. People need to pay better attention.

• Web site: Oud-schaatsster Oonk over haar relatie met olympisch kampioene Witty: 'Chris en ik durfden in Amerika niet hand in hand over straat te lopen'. subscription. 2022-07-04. De Limburger. nl-BE. Former skater Oonk about her relationship with Olympic champion Witty: 'Chris and I did not dare to walk hand in hand in America'. 12 February 2021. Delait. Patrick. Leenders. Jimmy.
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• Web site: Best. Lesbian. Week. Ever.. https://web.archive.org/web/20080810224133/http://www.afterellen.com/blwe/08-08-08?page=0,1. 10 August 2008. 8 August 2008. AfterEllen. 6 July 2022. Lo. Malinda. Malinda Lo.

• Web site: 2 April 2016. San Francisco coach Jennifer Azzi comes out as gay. McCauley. Janie. Associated Press. 2022-09-21. ESPN.
• Web site: 30 April 2003. Heroes Among Us: Holly Metcalf and Mark Tewksbury. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20080104093230/http://forum.wgbh.org/wgbh/forum.php?lecture_id=1211. January 4, 2008. May 23, 2007. WGBH-TV Lectures. National Gay and Lesbian Athletic Conference, Stratton Student Center, MIT. Metcalf. Holly. Holly Metcalf. Tewksbury. Mark. Mark Tewksbury.

• Web site: Russian #LGBTSports Federation among those honored by Federation of Gay Games Legacy Awards; Olympic athlete and civil rights advocate Susan McGreivy and LGBT sports pioneer Jean-Nickolaus Tretter also to be honored. 6 July 2022. 16 September 2013. Naimark. Marc. https://web.archive.org/web/20160308175710/https://gaygames.org/wp/2013/09/21/russian-lgbtsports-federation-among-those-honored-by-federation-of-gay-games-legacy-awards-olympic-athlete-and-civil-rights-advocate-susan-mcgreivy-and-lgbt-sports-pioneer-jean-nickolaus-tretter-als/. 8 March 2016.
• Web site: Nunn. Christina. 14 October 2021. 'Untold: Caitlyn Jenner': What Other TV Shows Has She Been In?. 2022-04-07. Showbiz Cheat Sheet.

• Web site: 10 June 2007. Ji talking: on highs, lows and a super new move. 2022-07-05. The Sydney Morning Herald. Oakley. Alan. Alan Oakley (journalist).
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• News: 3 February 2013b. Steffi Jones outet sich – "Ja, wir sind ein Paar". German. Steffi Jones comes out – "Yes, we are a couple". Die Welt. Peters. Jan-Eric.

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• Web site: Orlando Cruz 'proudly gay'. 4 October 2012. Rafael. Dan. Dan Rafael. ESPN. 4 October 2012.
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• Web site: Scupham-Bilton. Tony. 29 February 2016b. The Queerstory Files: Olympic Alphabet : J is for .... 2022-06-27. The Queerstory Files.
• Web site: 14 September 2012. Skræmmende Viborg-forsvar neutraliserede SK Århus. Scary Viborg defense neutralized SK Århus. https://web.archive.org/web/20220705220836/https://www.bt.dk/sport/skraemmende-viborg-forsvar-neutraliserede-sk-aarhus. 5 July 2022. 2022-07-04. B.T.. da. Staff.
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• Web site: Tulloch. Ash. 30 September 2020. Exclusive Q&A: Ian Thorpe on Sydney 2000, coming out, and who to look out for at Tokyo Olympics. International Olympic Committee. 18 July 2021.

• World Cup Champion Saskia Webber Named USC Women's Soccer Goalkeeping Coach. 2022-07-30. USC Trojans. 10 March 2022. University of Southern California. University of Southern California.

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• Web site: Caitlyn Jenner says transgender girls in women's sports is 'unfair'. NBC News. 3 May 2021. Jo. Yurcaba.

• Web site: Zeigler. Cyd. Cyd Zeigler. 30 August 2011. Moment #34: Canadian volleyball coach Betty Baxter fired amidst rumors she is a lesbian. 2019-09-16. Outsports.
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• Web site: Zeigler. Cyd. Cyd Zeigler. 25 November 2020a. Gay Olympic historian: LGBTQ athletes competed in early 20th Century. 2022-07-29. Outsports.
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• Web site: Zeigler. Cyd. Cyd Zeigler. 2 May 2022b. Gay Olympian Keith Frostad was harassed, attacked by swimmers. 2022-09-19. Outsports.
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Notes and References

1. Web site: Jacqueline Silva Cruz . 2 December 2023 . Olympics.com.
2. Web site: October 7, 2014 . Ex-jogadora Jacqueline Silva e a bailarina Amália Lima se casam em Petrópolis . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230405204044/https://www.df.superesportes.com.br/app/19,68/2014/10/07/noticia_volei,58152/ex-jogadora-jacqueline-silva-e-a-bailarina-amalia-lima-se-casam-em-petropolis.shtml . April 5, 2023 . September 17, 2023 . Df.superesportes.com.br . Portuguese.
3. Web site: Weldon . Shelby . 2023-06-27 . 21-30: Outsports Power 100 influential LGBTQ sports people . Outsports.
4. Web site: Field Hockey Canada mourns the passing of Zoe MacKinnon - Field Hockey Canada . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20160416223132/http://www.fieldhockey.ca/2014/01/31/Field-Hockey-Canada-mourns-the-passing-of-Zoe-MacKinnon/ . 2016-04-16 . www.fieldhockey.ca.
5. Web site: Visibilidade lésbica: Ana Moser é a nova Ministra do Desporto do Brasil . 2024-05-06 . dezanove.pt.
6. Web site: These 9 LGBTQ coaches are out and coaching at the Paris Olympics, including Team USA. 31 July 2024. Zeigler. Cyd. Outsports.
7. Web site: Webb . Karleigh . 2023-06-27 . 41-50: Outsports Power 100 influential LGBTQ sports people . Outsports.
8. https://web.archive.org/web/20070128175906/http://www.diezminutos.orange.es/reportajes/3743_1.html Entrevista
9. https://olympics.com/en/athletes/graeme-obree
10. Web site: Outsports Staff. 2023-07-11 . At least 96 out LGBTQ athletes in 2023 Women's World Cup . 2023-09-05 . Outsports.
11. http://www.news.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/guy-or-gal-deb-auditions-for-new-love/story-e6frfmqr-1111115781362 Guy or gal? Deb auditions for new love | The Daily Telegraph
12. Web site: All of the LGBTQ Olympians at the 2024 Paris Summer Games . 2024-07-21 . OutSports.
13. Web site: Webster . Andrew . 2021-12-10 . 'I want to give you a kidney': The gay Socceroo whose text message saved a life . 2021-12-10 . The Sydney Morning Herald.
14. Web site: Zeigler . Cyd . 2023-06-27 . Natalie Williams is LV Aces exec on the Outsports Power 100 . 2023-07-04 . Outsports.