List of Kurdish dynasties and countries explained

This is a list of Kurdish dynasties, countries and autonomous territories. The Kurds are an Iranian people without their own nation state, they inhabit a geo-cultural region known as "Kurdistan" which lies in east Turkey, north Syria, north Iraq and west Iran. (For more information see Origin of the Kurds.)^{[1] [2]}

8th-19th century states

Prior to the Ayyubid dynasty (until 1171)

• Hadhabanis (906–1080)
• Aishanids (912–961)^[3]
• Daysam's Adharbayjan (938–955)^[4]
• Shaddadids (951–1199)^[5]
• Rawwadids (955–1071)
• Hasanwayhids (959–1014)
• Marwanids (983–1096)
• Annazids (990/91^[6] –1117)
• Shabankara (11th century–12th century)
• Principality of Eğil (1049–1864)^[7]
• Hazaraspids (1115–1425)
• Zakarids (1161–1360)^{[8] [9] [10]}
• Ayyubid dynasty (1171–1341)^[11]

After the Ayyubid dynasty (after 1171)

• Emirate of Kilis (1181/1183–1610)
• Principality of Bitlis (1187–1847)
• Emirate of Şirvan (?–1840s)
• Emirate of Çemişgezek (13th century–1663)
• Principality of Donboli (1210–1799)
• Emirate of Bingöl (1231–1864)
• Emirate of Hasankeyf (1232–1524)
• Mukriyan (14th century–19th century)^[12]
• Vassaldom of Ardalan (14th century^[13] –1865 or 1868^{[14] [15]})
• Principality of Zirqan (1335–1835)
• Emirate of Bahdinan (1339–1843)
• Emirate of Hakkâri (Before 1380s–1845)
• Principality of Suleyman (15th century–1838)
• Principality of Mahmudi (1406–1839)
• Zarrinnaal Dynasty (1448–1925)
• Emirate of Palu (1495–1845)^[16]
• Emirate of Pazooka (1499–1587)^[17]

16th century onwards

• Baban (16th century–1850)
• Emirate of Bradost (1510–1609)
• Emirate of Bohtan (before 1514–1847)^[18]
• Emirate of Soran (before 1514–1836)
• Principality of Pinyaşi (1548–1823)
• Sarab Khanate (18th century)^[19]
• Zand dynasty (1750–1794) – The dynasty is of Kurdish Lak origin.^{[20] [21]}
• Tabriz Khanate (1757–1799)
• Hasan Khan dynasty in Pish-e Kuh (1795–1820)^[22]
• Emirate of Miks (?–1846)

20th and 21st century states

• Kurdish State (1918–1919)
• Kingdom of Kurdistan (1921–1924 and 1925)
• Kurdistan Uezd (1923–1929)
• Kurdistan Okrug (1930)
• Republic of Ararat (1927–1931)
• Republic of Mahabad (1946–1947)
• Republic of Laçin (1992)^[23]
• Islamic Emirate of Byara (2001–2003)

Current entities

• Kurdistan Region (autonomous region in Iraq, 1970–present)
• Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria (self-proclaimed autonomous region declared during the Syrian Civil War by the PYD) (2012–present)

Dynasties partly of Kurdish descent

• Safavid dynasty (1501–1736) – The dynasty was partly of Kurdish origin.^[24]

See also

• Kurdish emirates
• Kurdistan Eyalet
• House of Kayus
• Corduene
• A Modern History of the Kurds by David McDowall

Bibliography

• • • Encyclopedia: 2009 . Ṣafavid Dynasty . The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Islamic World . Oxford University Press . Esposito . John L. . Of Kurdish ancestry, the Ṣafavids started as a Sunnī mystical order (...) . Matthee . Rudi . Amoretti . Biancamaria Scarcia.
• Book: Matthee, Rudi . The Pursuit of Pleasure: Drugs and Stimulants in Iranian History, 1500-1900 . Princeton University Press . 2005 . 18 . The Safavids, as Iranians of Kurdish ancestry and of nontribal background (...).
• Encyclopedia: 2008 . SAFAVID DYNASTY . Encyclopædia Iranica . Matthee . Rudi . As Persians of Kurdish ancestry and of a non-tribal background, the Safavids (...).
• Encyclopedia: 2008 . EBN BAZZĀZ . Encyclopædia Iranica . Savory . Roger . VIII. Fasc. 1. . 8 . This official version contains textual changes designed to obscure the Kurdish origins of the Safavid family and to vindicate their claim to descent from the Imams..
  • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Encyclopedia: 2017 . RAWWADIDS . Encyclopædia Iranica . Peacock . Andrew . RAWWADIDS [...] a family of Arab descent [...] Their Kurdicized descendants ruled over Azerbaijan and parts of Armenia in the second half of the 10th and much of the 11th century..

External links

• Historical map: Kurdish states in 1835
• Historical map: Kurdish political enclaves and territorial demands, 1919-98

Notes and References

1. Limbert. John. 1968. The Origins and Appearance of the Kurds in Pre-Islamic Iran. Iranian Studies. 1. 2. 48. 10.1080/00210866808701350. 4309997. JSTOR.
2. Web site: James. Boris. September 2006. Uses and Values of the Term Kurd in Arabic Medieval Literary Sources. 4 April 2021. Institut Kurde.
3. Book: Tor, D.G.. The Abbasid and Carolingian Empires: Studies in Civilizational Formation. Brill Academic Pub. 2017. 54–55.
4. Bosworth . 1994 . Daysam . Iranica Online.
5. Amir Hassanpour, Nationalism and Language in Kurdistan, 1918-1985, Mellen Research University Press, 1992, p. 50.
6. Aḥmad. K. M.. 1985. https://iranicaonline.org/articles/annazids-banu-annaz-a-kurdish-dynasty-r ʿANNAZIDS. Iranica Online. II.
7. Book: Han, Şeref (Çev. İbrahim Sunkur). Şerefname. Sîtav. 2016. 978-605-66520-1-1. Van. 204.
8. Alexei Lidov, 1991, The mural paintings of Akhtala, p. 14, Nauka Publishers, Central Dept. of Oriental Literature, University of Michigan,,, It is clear from the account of these Armenian historians that Ivane's great grandfather broke away from the Kurdish tribe of Babir
9. Vladimir Minorsky, 1953, Studies in Caucasian History, p. 102, CUP Archive,,, According to a tradition which has every reason to be true, their ancestors were Mesopotamian Kurds of the tribe (xel) Babirakan.
10. Richard Barrie Dobson, 2000, Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages: A-J, p. 107, Editions du Cerf, University of Michigan,,, under the Christianized Kurdish dynasty of Zak'arids they tried to re-establish nazarar system...
11. R. S. Humphreys, Ayyubids, "Encyclopaedia Iranica", (August 18, 2011),http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ayyubids
12. Hassanpour. Amir. 1989. BŪKĀN. Encyclopedia Iranica. IV.
13. Web site: Oberling. P.. BANĪ ARDALĀN. 2011-09-21. Encyclopædia Iranica.
14. Book: David Mcdowall. The Kurds. 1996. Minority Rights Group International Report. 20. 2 May 2020.
15. Book: Najat Abdulla-Ali. Empire, frontière et tribu Le Kurdistan et le conflit de frontière turco-persan (1843-1932). 2006. 159. fr.
16. Nusret Aydın, Diyarbakır and Mirdasiler History, 2011, p. 304-305
17. Book: Han, Şeref (Çev. İbrahim Sunkur). Şerefname. 2016. Sîtav. Van. 978-605-66520-1-1. 375.
18. Book: Jongerden, Joost . Social Relations in Ottoman Diyarbekir, 1870-1915 . Verheij . Jelle . 2012-08-03 . BRILL . 978-90-04-23227-3 . 60 . en.
19. Tapper. Richard. Shahsevan. Encyclopedia Iranica. 2010.
20. Web site: Perry. John. ZAND DYNASTY. iranicaonline.org. Encyclopædia Iranica. 24 March 2017. en. The founder of the dynasty was Moḥammad Karim Khan b. Ināq Khan (...) of the Bagala branch of the Zand, a pastoral tribe of the Lak branch of Lors (perhaps originally Kurds; see Minorsky, p. 616) (...).
21. ...the bulk of the evidence points to their being one of the northern Lur or Lak tribes, who may originally have been immigrants of Kurdish origin., Peter Avery, William Bayne Fisher, Gavin Hambly, Charles Melville (ed.), The Cambridge History of Iran: From Nadir Shah to the Islamic Republic, Cambridge University Press, 1991,, p. 64.
22. Dehqn. Mustafa. 2009. Arkawāzī and His Baweyaļ: A Feylî Elegiac Verse from Piştiku. Iranian Studies. 42. 3. 409–422. 10.1080/00210860902907362. 25597563. 159957313.
23. Book: Kemper. Michael. The Heritage of Soviet Oriental Studies. Conermann. Stephan. 2011. Routledge. 978-1-136-83854-5. 92. In 1992 the area of Laçin was occupied by Armeian forces; a "Kurdish Republic of Laçin" was subsequently declared by local Kurds, but this remained a rather short-lived - not to say stillborn - adventure.

24. .