List of Kosmos satellites (1501–1750) explained

See main article: List of Kosmos satellites. The designation Kosmos (Russian: Космос meaning Cosmos) is a generic name given to a large number of Soviet, and subsequently Russian, satellites, the first of which was launched in 1962. Satellites given Kosmos designations include military spacecraft, failed probes to the Moon and the planets, prototypes for crewed spacecraft, and scientific spacecraft. This is a list of satellites with Kosmos designations between 1501 and 1750.

DesignationTypeLaunch date (GMT)Carrier rocketFunctionDecay/Destruction*Remarks
30 September 1983
11:00 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Calibration 26 May 1989
5 October 1983
12:00 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Radar target 29 August 1985
12 October 1983
00:20 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit
14 October 1983
10:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 6 December 1983
21 October 1983
12:10 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 4 November 1983
26 October 1983
17:20 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation in orbit
29 October 1983
08:30 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 19 August 1987
11 November 1983
12:30 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Radar target in orbit Orbit 400 x 1966 km. Inclination 82.9 degrees. Mass-possibly 550 kg. Recorded by RAE as 2500th successful launch.[1]
17 November 1983
12:15 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 1 December 1983
24 November 1983
12:33 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit Third satellite in the upgraded second series of Soviet geodetic satellites. Carried out studies of the shape of the Earth and accurate mapping of the Earth's surface to enable accurate targeting of military missiles.[2]
30 November 1983
13:45 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 13 January 1984
7 December 1983
12:10 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 21 December 1983
8 December 1983
06:13 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
14 December 1983
07:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U International Biosatellite carrying monkeys and rats.[3] 19 December 1983 Orbit 215 x 260 km. Inclination 82 degrees. Mass-possibly 5700 kg. Recovered after 5 days.[4]
15 December 1983
12:25 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
27 December 1983
09:30 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 9 February 1984
27 December 1983
10:00 		Kosmos-3MRB 11K65M-RB Test 27 December 1983 Third orbital test of the BOR-4 prototype spaceplane
28 December 1983
03:48 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence 19 September 1998
29 December 1983
00:52 		Proton-K/DM-2 8K72K Navigation in orbit
Navigation in orbit
Navigation in orbit
5 January 1984
20:09 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
11 January 1984
12:20 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 25 January 1984
11 January 1984
18:08 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
13 January 1984
14:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 26 February 1984
26 January 1984
08:50 		Soyuz-U2 11A511U2 Reconnaissance 9 February 1984
26 January 1984
12:00 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Radar target 20 September 1990
2 February 1984
17:38 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
8 February 1984
09:23 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
16 February 1984
08:15 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 1 March 1984
21 February 1984
15:36 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit
28 February 1984
13:59 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 9 April 1984
2 March 1984
03:54 		Proton-K/DM 8K72K Communication in orbit
6 March 1984
17:10 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
7 March 1984
08:00 		Soyuz-U2 11A511U2 Reconnaissance 21 March 1984
10 March 1984
17:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Magnetospheric 5 April 1984
15 March 1984
17:05 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
21 March 1984
11:05 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 5 April 1984
29 March 1984
05:53 		Proton-K/DM 8K72K Missile defence in orbit
4 April 1984
01:40 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
10 April 1984
14:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 25 May 1984
19 April 1984
11:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 3 May 1984
11 May 1984
06:19 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
11 May 1984
13:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 23 May 1984
14 May 1984
14:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 3 November 1984
17 May 1984
14:43 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation in orbit
19 May 1984
15:11 		Proton-K/DM-2 8K72K Navigation in orbit
Navigation in orbit
Navigation in orbit
22 May 1984
08:30 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 4 June 1984
25 May 1984
11:30 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 8 July 1984
28 May 1984
21:52 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
30 May 1984
18:46 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 3 April 1988
1 June 1984
13:50 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 14 June 1984
6 June 1984
15:34 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence 7 May 2001
8 June 1984
11:28 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit
11 June 1984
08:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 26 June 1984
15 June 1984
08:20 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 29 June 1984
19 June 1984
10:55 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 28 June 1984
21 June 1984
19:40 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Technology in orbit
22 June 1984
07:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 7 July 1984
26 June 1984
15:35 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 24 August 1984
27 June 1984
04:59 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
28 June 1984
13:10 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Radar target 10 January 1993
29 June 1984
00:21 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 Reconnaissance 5 November 1984
29 June 1984
15:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 13 July 1984
3 July 1984
21:31 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
19 July 1984
08:30 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 2 August 1984
24 July 1984
12:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 8 August 1984
27 July 1984
08:59 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 10 August 1984
31 July 1984
12:29 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 28 September 1984
2 August 1984
08:38 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
6 August 1984
14:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 31 August 1984
7 August 1984
22:50 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 17 February 1988
8 August 1984
12:08 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit Fourth satellite in the upgraded second series of Soviet geodetic satellites. Carried out study of the shape of the Earth and accurately mapped the Earth's surface to enable accurate targeting of military missiles.[5]
16 August 1984
09:50 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 30 August 1984
30 August 1984
10:10 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 13 September 1984
4 September 1984
10:20 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 18 September 1984
4 September 1984
15:49 		Proton-K/DM-2 8K72K Navigation in orbit
Navigation in orbit
Navigation in orbit
7 September 1984
19:13 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
13 September 1984
10:25 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 26 September 1984
13 September 1984
15:54 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
25 September 1984
14:30 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 20 November 1984
27 September 1984
08:10 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 11 October 1984
27 September 1984
09:30 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Calibration 29 November 1989
28 September 1984
06:00 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 Oceanography in orbit
28 September 1984
14:00 		Proton-K/DM-2 8K72K in orbit
4 October 1984
19:49 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
11 October 1984
14:43 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
18 October 1984
17:46 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
31 October 1984
12:29 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 Reconnaissance 28 March 1985
14 November 1984
07:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 17 December 1984
14 November 1984
12:20 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 28 November 1984
15 November 1984
06:40 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
21 November 1984
10:30 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 11 January 1985
27 November 1984
14:12 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 Weather 31 January 1985 Satellite left stranded in an unusable orbit following the failure of the rocket upper stage to reignite, causing a Kosmos number to be assigned.[6]
29 November 1984
14:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 24 December 1984
19 December 1984
03:55 		Kosmos-3MRB 11K65M-RB Test of spaceplane.[7] 19 December 1984 Launched from Kapustin Yar. Orbit 176 x 223 km. Inclination 50.7 degrees. Mass-possibly 1 tonne. Recovered in Black Sea after 1 orbit.[8] Last (fourth) orbital test of the BOR-4 prototype spaceplane.
20 December 1984
13:00 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Radar target 15 April 1990
9 January 1985
10:45 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 4 March 1985
15 January 1985
14:50 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
16 January 1985
08:19 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 30 January 1985
17 January 1985
17:46 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit
23 January 1985
19:58 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 25 January 1985
24 January 1985
16:45 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
1 February 1985
19:36 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
6 February 1985
11:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 20 February 1985
21 February 1985
07:57 		Proton-K/DM 8K72K Missile defence in orbit
27 February 1985
11:10 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 23 April 1985
27 February 1985
12:56 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Radar target 8 December 1990
1 March 1985
10:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 15 March 1985
5 March 1985
15:39 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
14 March 1985
01:09 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
21 March 1985
00:08 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
25 March 1985
10:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 18 October 1985
3 April 1985
08:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 17 April 1985
16 April 1985
17:15 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Materials research experiments.[9] 29 April 1985 Plesetsk launch. Orbit 215 x 390 km. Inclination 63 degrees. Mass-possibly 6500 kg. Recovered after 13 days.[10]
18 April 1985
21:40 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 12 May 1988
19 April 1985
14:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 11 June 1985
25 April 1985
09:30 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 6 May 1985
15 May 1985
12:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 29 May 1985
17 May 1985
22:28 		Proton-K/DM-2 8K72K Navigation in orbit
Navigation in orbit
Navigation in orbit
22 May 1985
08:35 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 5 June 1985
23 May 1985
12:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 7 August 1985
30 May 1985
01:14 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation in orbit
30 May 1985
14:59 		Proton-K/DM-2 8K72K in orbit
7 June 1985
07:45 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 21 June 1985
11 June 1985
14:27 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence 12 November 2005
13 June 1985
12:20 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 27 June 1985
14 June 1985
10:36 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit Fifth satellite in the upgraded second series of Soviet geodetic satellites. Carried out study of the shape of the Earth and accurately mapped the Earth's surface to enable accurate targeting of military missiles.[11]
18 June 1985
00:40 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
19 June 1985
11:30 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Calibration 16 November 1989
21 June 1985
07:45 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 5 July 1985
26 June 1985
12:35 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 5 July 1985
3 July 1985
12:10 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 17 July 1985
8 July 1985
23:40 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
10 July 1985
03:15 		Soyuz-U 11A511U International Biosatellite carrying monkeys, plants, rats, insects and fish.[12] 17 July 1985 Plesetsk launch. Orbit 211 x 270 km. Inclination 82.4 degrees. Mass-possibly 6500 kg. Recovered after 7 days.[13]
15 July 1985
06:30 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 29 July 1985
19 July 1985
13:05 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Modified Progress resupply vehicle.[14] 30 August 1985 Baikonur launch. Orbit 354 x 357 km. Inclination 52 degrees. Mass-possibly 7 tonnes. Docked with Salyut 7 from 21 July to 28 August 1985.[15]
1 August 1985
05:36 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 Reconnaissance 8 December 1985
2 August 1985
11:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 16 August 1985
7 August 1985
09:50 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 21 August 1985
8 August 1985
10:19 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 19 September 1985
8 August 1985
11:49 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
12 August 1985
15:09 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
16 August 1985
15:10 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 14 October 1985
23 August 1985
22:33 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 Reconnaissance 14 December 1985
29 August 1985
10:15 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 12 September 1985
29 August 1985
11:33 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 18 October 1985
4 September 1985
07:05 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit
6 September 1985
10:45 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 19 September 1985
19 September 1985
01:32 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 17 May 1988
19 September 1985
10:10 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 4 October 1985
24 September 1985
01:18 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
26 September 1985
11:15 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 10 October 1985
27 September 1985
08:41 		Proton-K 8K72K Specialized Space Station module. Carrying food, water, scientific instruments, propellants. Improved Salyut 7 power generation capability.[16] 7 February 1991 Baikonur launch. Orbit 335 x 351 km. Inclination 52 degrees. Mass 20 tonnes. Docked with Salyut 7 on 2 October 1985.[17]
30 September 1985
19:23 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
2 October 1985
06:00 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Calibration 2 July 1988
3 October 1985
05:48 		Vostok-2M 8A92M Experimental natural resources satellite. Similar to Cosmos 1484.[18] 14 January 2001 Baikonur launch. Orbit 572 x 657 km. Inclination 98 degrees.[19]
9 October 1985
21:35 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit Disintegrated in orbit due to a failure of an NiH2 battery.[20]
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
16 October 1985
09:25 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 30 October 1985
22 October 1985
07:00 		Zenit-2 11K77 in orbit Baikonur launch. Orbit 850 x 854 km. Inclination 71 degrees. First orbital flight from the SL-X-16 (US Department of Defense nomenclature) rocket.[21]
22 October 1985
20:24 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
25 October 1985
14:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 23 December 1985
25 October 1985
15:45 		Proton-K/DM-2 8K72K Communication in orbit
9 November 1985
08:25 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence 11 May 2001
13 November 1985
12:25 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 27 November 1985
22 November 1985
22:20 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
28 November 1985
13:12 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
3 December 1985
12:15 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 17 December 1985
11 December 1985
14:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 9 February 1986
12 December 1985
15:51 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
13 December 1985
07:45 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 27 December 1985
19 December 1985
08:46 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
24 December 1985
21:43 		Proton-K/DM-2 8K72K Navigation in orbit
Navigation in orbit
Navigation in orbit
27 December 1985
17:06 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Magnetospheric 22 January 1986
28 December 1985
09:16 		Zenit-2 11K77 in orbit
8 January 1986
11:25 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 22 January 1986
9 January 1986
02:48 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit
15 January 1986
14:20 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 15 March 1986
16 January 1986
11:38 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
17 January 1986
07:21 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
23 January 1986
18:52 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation in orbit
28 January 1986
08:35 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 11 February 1986
1 February 1986
18:11 		Molniya-M 8K78M Missile defence in orbit
4 February 1986
11:15 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 13 February 1986
7 February 1986
08:45 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 3 October 1986
11 February 1986
06:56 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit Sixth satellite in the upgraded second series of Soviet geodetic satellites. Carried out study of the shape of the Earth and accurately mapped the Earth's surface to enable accurate targeting of military missiles.[22]
19 February 1986
23:04 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
26 February 1986
13:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 26 April 1986
27 February 1986
01:44 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 Reconnaissance 17 November 1988
21 March 1986
10:05 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 Reconnaissance 1 September 1986
25 March 1986
19:26 		Tsyklon-2 11K69 New higher inclination EORSAT. Built to extend coverage further into polar region.[23] 3 December 1986 Baikonur launch. Orbit 413 x 428 km. Inclination 73.4 degrees. Mass-possibly 3500 kg.[24]
4 April 1986
03:45 		Proton-K/DM 8K72K Communication in orbit
9 April 1986
08:00 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 7 June 1986
15 April 1986
11:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 28 April 1986
17 April 1986
21:02 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit
14 May 1986
12:40 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 28 May 1986
15 May 1986
04:26 		Tsyklon-3 11K68 in orbit
21 May 1986
16:30 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Continued on from Kosmos 1645. Continuation of research in materials study.[25] 4 June 1986 Plesetsk launch. Orbit 219 x 372 km. Inclination 63 degrees. Recovered after 13 days in orbit.[26]
23 May 1986
12:54 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Navigation, Communication in orbit
28 May 1986
07:50 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Remote sensing 12 June 1986
29 May 1986
09:20 		Soyuz-U 11A511U Reconnaissance 12 June 1986
6 June 1986
03:57 		Kosmos-3M 11K65M Communication in orbit Launched with Kosmos 1751-1755
Communication in orbit
Communication in orbit

See also

References

Notes and References

  1. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p207
  2. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p209
  3. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  4. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  5. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p209
  6. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p204
  7. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  8. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  9. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  10. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  11. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p209
  12. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  13. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  14. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  15. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  16. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  17. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  18. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  19. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  20. Web site: Clark . Phillip S. . SPACE DEBRIS INCIDENTS INVOLVING SOVIET/RUSSIAN LAUNCHES . https://web.archive.org/web/20211025015944/http://www.friends-partners.org/oldfriends/jgreen/bispaper.html . 2021-10-25 .
  21. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  22. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p209
  23. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  24. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  25. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208
  26. Janes Spaceflight Directory (1987) ISBN 0 7106-0838 1 p208

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