| Royal Title: | King |
| Realm: | Laos |
| Coatofarms: | Royal Seal of the Kingdom of Laos.svg |
| Coatofarmssize: | 120px |
| Coatofarmscaption: | Royal Coat of arms |
| First Monarch: | Fa Ngum |
| Last Monarch: | Sisavang Vatthana |
| Style: | His Royal Majesty |
| Residence: | Royal Palace, Luang Prabang |
| Appointer: | Hereditary |
| Began: | 1353 (Kingdom of Lan Xang) |
| Ended: | 2 December 1975 (Lao People's Democratic Republic) |
| Pretender: | Soulivong Savang |
The Lao People's Democratic Republic is the modern state derived from the final Kingdom of Laos. The political source of Lao history and cultural identity is the Lao kingdom of Lan Xang, which during its apogee emerged as one of the largest kingdoms in Southeast Asia. Lao history is filled with frequent conflict and warfare, but infrequent scholarly attention. The resulting dates and references are approximate, and rely on source material from court chronicles which survived both war and neglect, or outside sources from competing neighboring kingdoms in what are now China, Vietnam, Burma, Thailand, and Cambodia.
Lao kingship was based upon the mandala system established by the example of King Ashoka. In theory, Lao kings and their successors were chosen by agreement of the king's Sena (a council which could include senior royal family members, ministers, generals and senior members of the sangha or clergy), through the validity the king's lineage, and by personal Dharma through commitment to propagating Theravada Buddhism (the king was literally a Dharmaraja- as one who led by acts of religious virtue). Kingship was not based exclusively on primogeniture or divine right as was common in other monarchies.
The monarchy traces its lineage to Chao Fa Ngum, who founded the Kingdom of Lan Xang in 1353 and beyond that to the mythical Khun Borom who was held as the mythical father of the Tai peoples and the progenitor of the Lao Loum.
Lan Xang endured as a politically unified entity for three hundred years (1353–1694), which was then split into the kingdoms of Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Champasak, only to be reconstituted as a unified constitutional monarchy under a French protectorate in 1946. At various times the kingdom Lan Xang fought off invasions from Burma, Siam and the Đại Việt.
The traditional capital of Lan Xang was at Luang Prabang until it was moved in 1560 by King Setthathirath to better administer the growing population and provide security in facing threats from Burma and Siam. Lan Xang entered a Golden Age during the reigns of Visunarat (1501–1520) and Sourigna Vongsa from (1637–94), during these times the cultural and economic power of the kingdom were at their greatest. In 1828 Vientiane was razed by the Siamese, in retaliation for the Chao Anouvong Rebellion, at which point the kingdom of Vientiane ceased to exist. During the French Protectorate, Luang Prabang was reestablished as the cultural and religious capital, while the French rebuilt Vientiane as the country's administrative capital.
| Order | Monarch | Name in foreign texts | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Queen Soma | Chinese Call: Liǔyè (traditional Khmer call: Neang Neak) | 68 – later 1st century |
| 2 | Chinese Call: Hùntián (traditional Khmer call: Preah Tong) | later 1st century | |
| 3 | Native name unknown | Hun Pan-huang | later 2nd century – 198 |
| 4 | Native name unknown | Hun Pan-pan | 198–201 |
| 5 | Srei Meara | 201–225 | |
| 6 | Native name unknown | 225 | |
| 7 | Native name unknown | 225–244 | |
| 8 | Native name unknown | 244 | |
| 9 | Native name unknown | 244–289 | |
| Unknown rulers: 289–c.357 | |||
| 10 | Candana | Tiānzhú Zhāntán | c.357 |
| Unknown rulers: c.357–410 | |||
| 11 | Qiáochénrú | 410–434 | |
| 12 | Chílítuóbámó | 434–435 | |
| Unknown rulers: 435–484 | |||
| 13 | Jayavarman Kaundinya | Shéyébámó | 484–514 |
| 14 | Queen Kulaprabhavati | Chinese name unknown | 514–517 |
| 15 | Rudravarman | Liútuóbámó | 514–550 |
| Unknown rulers: 550–627 | |||
| Order | Monarch | Personal name | Reign | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Srutavarman | Srutavarman | 550–555 | |
| 2 | Sreshthavarman | Sreshthavarman | 555–560 | |
| 3 | Vīravarman | Viravarman | 560–575 | |
| 4 | Queen Kambuja-raja-lakshmi | Kambujarajalakshmi | 575–580 | |
| 5 | Bhavavarman I | Bhavavarman | 580–600 | |
| 6 | Mahendravarman | Chet Sen | 600–616 | |
| 7 | Isanavarman I | Isanavarman | 616–635 | |
| 8 | Bhavavarman II | Bhavavarman | 639–657 | |
| 9 | Jayavarman I | Jayavarman | 657–681 | |
| 10 | Queen Jayadevi | Jayadevi | c.681–713 | |
| Female successors of Upper Chenla (Land Chenla) | ||||
| 11 | Queen Indrani | Indrani | c.713–760 | |
| 12 | Queen Nṛpatendradevī | Nrpatendradevi | c.760–780 | |
| 13 | Queen Jayendrabhā | Jayendrabha | c.780–802 | |
| 14 | Queen Jyeṣṭhāryā | Jyestharya | c.802–803 | |
| Male successors of Lower Chenla (Water Chenla) | ||||
| 11 | Pushkaraksha | c.713–730 | ||
| 12 | Shambhuvarman | c.730–760 | ||
| 13 | Rajendravarman | c.760–770 | ||
| 14 | Mahipativarman | Mahipativarman | c.770–780 | |
| 15 | Jayavarman II | Jayavarman | c.780–802 |
| Reign | King | Capital | Information and events |
|---|---|---|---|
| 802–835 | Jayavarman II | Mahendraparvata, Hariharalaya | Proclaimed the independence of Kambuja from Java. Claimed as Chakravartin through sacred Hindu ritual on Phnom Kulen and initiating Devaraja cult in Cambodia. |
| 835–877 | Jayavarman III | Hariharalaya | Son of Jayavarman II |
| 877–889 | Indravarman I | Hariharalaya | Nephew of Jayavarman II. Built Preah Ko dedicated to Jayavarman II, also for his father and his grand father. Constructed temple mountain Bakong. |
| 889–910 | Yasovarman I | Hariharalaya, Yasodharapura | Son of Indravarman I. Built Indratataka Baray and Lolei. Moved the capital to Yasodharapura centred around Phnom Bakheng, and also built Yashodharatataka. |
| 910–923 | Harshavarman I | Yasodharapura | Son of Yasovarman I. Involved in a power struggle against his maternal uncle Jayavarman IV. Built Baksei Chamkrong. |
| 923–928 | Ishanavarman II | Yasodharapura | Son of Yasovarman I, brother of Harshavarman I. Involved in a power struggle against his maternal uncle Jayavarman IV. Built Prasat Kravan. |
| 928–941 | Jayavarman IV | Koh Ker (Lingapura) | Son of King Indravarman I's daughter, Mahendradevi, married to Yasovarman I sister, claim the throne through maternal line. Ruled from Koh Ker. |
| 941–944 | Harshavarman II | Koh Ker (Lingapura) | Son of Jayavarman IV. |
| 944–968 | Rajendravarman II | Angkor (Yasodharapura) | Uncle and first cousin of Harshavarman II and wrestle power from him. Transfer the capital back to Angkor, Built Pre Rup and East Mebon. War against Champa in 946. |
| 968–1001 | Jayavarman V | Angkor (Jayendranagari) | Son of Rajendravarman II. Built a new capital Jayendranagari and Ta Keo in its centre. |
| 1001–1006 | Udayadityavarman I, Jayaviravarman, Suryavarman I | Angkor | Period of chaos, three kings rule simultaneously as antagonist. |
| 1006–1050 | Suryavarman I | Angkor | Took the throne. Alliance with Chola and conflict with Tambralinga kingdom. Built Preah Khan Kompong Svay. The king adhered to Mahayana Buddhism. |
| 1050–1066 | Udayadityavarman II | Angkor (Yasodharapura) | Took the throne, descendant of Yasovarman I's spouse. Built Baphuon, West Baray and West Mebon, also Sdok Kok Thom. |
| 1066–1080 | Harshavarman III | Angkor (Yasodharapura) | Succeeded his elder brother Udayadityavarman II, capital at Baphuon. Champa invasion in 1074 and 1080. |
| 1090–1107 | Jayavarman VI | Angkor | Usurper from Vimayapura. Built Phimai. |
| 1107–1113 | Dharanindravarman I | Angkor | Succeeded his younger brother, Jayavarman VI. |
| 1113–1145 | Suryavarman II | Angkor | Usurped and killed his great uncle. Built Angkor Wat, Banteay Samre, Thommanon, Chau Say Tevoda and Beng Mealea. Invade Đại Việt and Champa. |
| 1150–1160 | Dharanindravarman II | Angkor | Succeeded his cousin Suryavarman II |
| 1160–1167 | Yasovarman II | Angkor | Overthrown by his minister Tribhuvanadityavarman |
| 1167–1177 | Tribhuvanadityavarman | Angkor | Cham invasion in 1177 and 1178 led by Jaya Indravarman IV, looted the Khmer capital. |
| 1178–1181 | Cham occupation, led by Champa king Jaya Indravarman IV | ||
| 1181–1218 | Jayavarman VII | Angkor (Yasodharapura) | Led Khmer army against Cham invaders thus liberated Cambodia. Led the conquest of Champa (1190–1191). Major infrastructure constructions; built hospitals, rest houses, reservoirs, and temples including Ta Prohm, Preah Khan, the Bayon in Angkor Thom city, and Neak Pean. |
| 1219–1243 | Indravarman II | Angkor | Son of Jayavarman VII. Lost control of Champa and lost western territories to Siamese Sukhothai Kingdom. |
| 1243–1295 | Jayavarman VIII | Angkor | Mongol invasion led by Kublai Khan in 1283 and war with Sukhothai. Built Mangalartha. He was a zealous Shivaite and eradicated Buddhist influences. |
| 1295–1308 | Indravarman III | Angkor | Overthrew his father in law Jayavarman VIII. Made Theravada Buddhism the state religion. Received Yuan Chinese diplomat Zhou Daguan (1296–1297). |
| 1308–1327 | Indrajayavarman | Angkor | |
| 1327–1336 | Jayavarman IX | Angkor | Last Sanskrit inscription (1327). |
| 1336–1340 | Trasak Paem | Angkor | |
| 1340–1346 | Nippean Bat | Angkor | |
| 1346–1347 | Sithean Reachea | Angkor | |
| 1347–1352 | Lompong Reachea | Angkor | |
| 1352–1357 | Siamese Ayutthaya invasion led by Uthong | ||
| 1357–1363 | Soryavong | Angkor | |
| 1363–1373 | Borom Reachea I | Angkor | |
| 1373–1393 | Thomma Saok | Angkor | |
| 1393 | Siamese Ayutthaya invasion led by Ramesuan | ||
| 1394–c.1421 | In Reachea | Angkor | |
| 1405–1431 | Barom Reachea II | Angkor, Chaktomuk | Abandoned Angkor (1431). |
| Order | Monarch | Personal name | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jayavarman II | Jayavarman | 802–850 |
| 2 | Jayavarman III | Jayavarthon | 850–877 |
| 3 | Indravarman I | Indravarman | 877–889 |
| 4 | Yasovarman I | Yasovarthon | 889–910 |
| 5 | Harshavarman I | Harshavarman | 910–923 |
| 6 | Ishanavarman II | Isanavarman | 923–928 |
| 7 | Jayavarman IV | Jayavarman | 928–941 |
| 8 | Harshavarman II | Harshavarman | 941–944 |
| 9 | Rajendravarman II | Rajedravarman | 944–968 |
| 10 | Jayavarman V | Jayavarman | 968–1001 |
| 11 | Udayadityavarman I | Udayadityavarman | 1001–1002 |
| 12 | Jayavirahvarman | Jayavirahvarman | 1002–1006 |
| 13 | Suryavarman I | Suryavarman | 1006–1050 |
| 14 | Udayadityavarman II | Udayadityavarman | 1050–1066 |
| 15 | Harshavarman III | Harshavarman | 1066–1080 |
| 16 | Nripatindravarman | Nripatindravarman | 1080–1113 |
| 17 | Jayavarman VI | Jayavarman | 1080–1107 |
| 18 | Dharanindravarman I | Dharanindravarman | 1107–1113 |
| 19 | Suryavarman II | Suryavarman | 1113–1150 |
| 20 | Dharanindravarman II | Dharanindravarman | 1150–1156 |
| 21 | Yasovarman II | Yasovarman | 1156–1165 |
| 22 | Tribhuvanadityavarman | Tribhuvanadityavarman | 1165–1177 |
| Cham invasion by Jaya Indravarman: 1177–1181 | |||
| 23 | Jayavarman VII | Jayavarthon | 1181–1218 |
| 24 | Indravarman II | Indrakumara | 1218–1243 |
| The first major Thai kingdom was created in Sukhothai, an area formerly ruled by Lavo in vassalage to Angkor: 1238 | |||
| 25 | Jayavarman VIII | Jayavarman | 1243–1295 |
| 26 | Indravarman III | Srei Indravama | 1295–1308 |
| 27 | Indrajayavarman | Srei Jayavama | 1308–1327 |
| 28 | Jayavarman IX | Jayavama Borommesvarah | 1327–1336 |
| 29 | Trasak Paem | Ponhea Chey | 1336–1340 |
| 30 | Nippean Bat | Ponhea Kreak | 1340–1346 |
| 31 | Sithean Reachea | Sidhanta Raja | 1346–1347 |
| 32 | Lompong Reachea | Trasak Peam | 1347–1352 |
| Uthong dynasty of Ayutthaya invasion: 1352–1357 | |||
| 33 | Basat | Bakrasat | 1356–1359 |
| 34 | Soryavong | Soryavong | 1357–1363 |
| 35 | Borom Reachea I | Barom Reamea | 1363–1373 |
| 36 | Thomma Saok | Kaeo Fa | 1373–1393 |
| Uthong dynasty of Ayutthaya invasion: 1393 (5 months) | |||
| 37 | In Reachea | Nakhonin | 1394–1421 |
| 38 | Ponhea Prek | Ponhea Prek | 1421 |
| 39 | Borom Reachea II | Ponhea Yat | 1421–1431 |
| Ayutthaya invasion and fall of Angkor: 1431 |
| Portrait | Name | Reignfrom | Reignuntil | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fa Ngumພຣະເຈົ້າຟ້າງຸ້ມມະຫາຣາຊ | 5 January 1353 | 1372 | |||
| Samsenethaiສາມແສນໄທ (Oun Huan) ອຸ່ນເຮືອນ | 1372 | 1416Muang Sua, Lan Xang Aged 60 | |||
| Lan Kham Dengພະເຈົ້າລ້ານຄຳແດງ | 1417 | 1428Muang Sua, Lan Xang Aged 41 | |||
| Phommathatພະຍາພົມມະທັດ | 1428 | 1429Muang Sua, Lan Xang | |||
| Yukhon (Meunsai) | 1429 | 1430Phadao, Lan Xang | |||
| Khon Kham | 1430 | 1432Kokrua, Lan Xang | |||
| Kham Tam Sa (Kham Teu | 1429(?); 1432Pak Houei Luang, Lan Xang | ||||
| Lusai | 1432 | 1433Palace Gardens, Muang Sua, Lan Xang | |||
| Khai Bua Ban | 1433 | 1436 | |||
| Kham Keut (Kham-Kert, Kham Keul) | 1436 | 1438Muang Sua, Lan Xang | |||
| Nang Keo Phimphaນາງແກ້ວພິມພາ | 1438Pha-Dieo, Muang Sua Aged 95 | ||||
| Interregnum (1438–1441, rule by Sena and members of Sangha)[3] | |||||
| Chakkaphat Phaen Phaeo (Sai Tia Kaphut or Xainyachakkaphat) | 1441 | 1479 | |||
| Souvanna Banlang | 1479 | 1485Xieng-Thong, Lan Xang Aged 30 | |||
| La Sen Thai (La Sen Thai Puvanart) | 1486 | 1495Xieng-Thong, Lan Xang Aged 33 | |||
| Somphou | 1495 | 1500 | |||
| Visoun (also Vixun or Visunarat) | 1500 | 1520Vientianne, Lan Xang Aged 55 | |||
| Photisarath I (also Phothisarath, Phothisarat, or Potisarat)ພະເຈົ້າໂພທິສະລາດ | 1520 | 8 August 1548Xieng-Mai Nhotnakorn Palace, Vientiane, Lan Xang Aged 43 | |||
| Setthathirath ເສດຖາທິຣາດ (also Xaysettha, Chaiyachettha, Chaiyaset or Jayajestha) ໄຊເສດຖາ | 8 August 1548 | 1571Muang Ong-Kan, Attapeu, Lan Xang Aged 37 | |||
| Nokeo Koumane | 1571Vientianne, Lan Xang | 1571 | |||
| Sen Soulintha (also Saen Surintha or Sen Sourintha, born Chane Tian) | 1572 | 1575 | |||
| Voravongsa I | 1575 | 1579Keng Chane pass, Vientiane, Lan Xang | |||
| Sen Soulintha (also Saen Surintha or Sen Sourintha, born Chane Tian) | 1580 | 1582Vientianne, Lan Xang Aged 71 | |||
| Nakhon Noi | 1582 | 1583 | |||
| Interregnum (1583–1591) | |||||
| Nokeo Koumane | 1591 | 1596Aged 25 | |||
| Voravongsa II (Thammikarath) | 1596 | 1621 | |||
| Oupagnouvarath | 1621 | 1622Aged 25 | |||
| Photisarath II | 1622 | 1627Aged 75 | |||
| Mon Keo (Mongkeo) | 1627 | 1633 | |||
| Tone Kham | 1633 | 1637 | |||
| Vichai | 1637 | 1638 | |||
| Souligna Vongsa (Sourinyavongsa) ສຸຣິຍະວົງສາທັມມິກຣາດ | 1638 | 1694Vientiane, Lan Xang Aged 76 | |||
| Tian Thala | 1694 | 1695 | |||
| Nan Tharat | 1695 | 1698Vientiane, Lan Xang | |||
| Setthathirath II ພຣະເຈົ້າໄຊອົງເວ້(Sai Ong Hue; Ong Lo; Trieu Phuc) ໄຊອົງເວ້ | 1698 | 1706 | |||
| Kingkitsarat(Kitsarat) ເຈົ້າກິງກິດສະຣາດ | 1706 | 1713 | |||
| Setthathirath IIພຣະເຈົ້າໄຊອົງເວ້ (Sai Ong Hue; Ong Lo; Trieu Phuc) ໄຊອົງເວ້ | 1707 | 1730Royal Palace, Vientiane Aged 45 | |||
| Ong Kham | 1713 | 1723 | |||
| Inthasom(Thao Ang) ເຈົ້າອິນທະໂສມ | 1723 | 1749 | |||
| Vietnamese invasion repelled (1749) | |||||
| Inthaphom (Intharavongsa) | 1749 | 1749 | |||
| Sotika Koumaneເຈົ້າໂຊຕິກະ | 1749 | 1764 | |||
| Ong Longເຈົ້າອົງລອງ | 1730 | 1767 | |||
| Burmese invasion (1764/65, aided by Vientiane), Luang Prabang becomes Burmese vassal state, 1765–1771 | |||||
| Sotika Koumaneເຈົ້າໂຊຕິກະ | 1764 | 1768/1771 | |||
| Surinyavong IIເຈົ້າສຸລິຍະວົງສາທີ່ສອງ | 1771 | 1779/1788 | |||
| Ong Bounອົງບຸນ (Siribunyasarn)(Ong Bun Setthathirath III) Phrachao Siribounyasan ພຣະເຈົ້າສິຣິບຸນຍະສາຣ | 1767 | 1779 | |||
| Interregnum (1778–1780). Phraya Supho appointed governor by Siamese, led by General Taksin. Vientiane falls and is sacked by the Siamese (1779) | |||||
| Luang Prabang becomes Siamese vassal state, 1779-1792 | |||||
| Luang Prabang is administered by Siamese appointed governors during detention of the Royal Family at Bangkok (1788-1792) | |||||
| Surinyavong IIເຈົ້າສຸລິຍະວົງສາທີ່ສອງ | 1779 | 1788 | |||
| Ong Bounອົງບຸນ (Siribunyasarn)(Ong Bun Setthathirath III) Phrachao Siribounyasan ພຣະເຈົ້າສິຣິບຸນຍະສາຣ | 1780 | 28 November 1781 | |||
| Nanthasenພຣະເຈົ້ານັນທະເສນ | 28 November 1781 | January 1795 | |||
| Anourouthເຈົ້າອານຸຣຸດທະ | 3 February 1792 | 1817 | |||
| Intharavongເຈົ້າອິນທະວົງສ໌ (Intharavong Setthathirath IV) | 2 February 1795 | 7 February 1805 | |||
| Mantha Tourathເຈົ້າມັນທາຕຸຣາດ | 1817 | 1825 | |||
| Anouvongເຈົ້າອານຸວົງສ໌ (Anouvong or Anurath, Setthahirath V) | 7 February 1805 | 19 December 1828 | |||
| Luang Prabang is administered by Siamese officials (1825-1826) | |||||
| Mantha Tourathເຈົ້າມັນທາຕຸຣາດ | 1826 | 1836 | |||
| Provinces of Luang Phrabang in rebellion against Siam (1835-1838) | |||||
| Soukha Seumເຈົ້າສຸຂະເສີມ | 1838 | 1850 | |||
| Tiantharathເຈົ້າຈັນທະຣາດ | 23 September 1850 | 1 October 1868 | |||
| The Pra Bang is returned to Luang Pra Bang by King Chulalongkorn of Thailand having been brought to Bangkok during the destruction of Vientiane in 1828. Until 1865, Thai King Chantharath ruled Luang PraBang, and relinquished the power to Laos King Oun Kham. Transition occurred during/after the French Auguste Parvie visits. | |||||
| Oun Khamເຈົ້າອຸ່ນຄຳ | 1 October 1868 | 15 December 1895 | |||
| Kham Souk (Sakharine, Sackarindr) ພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສັກຣິນທຣ໌ | 15 December 1895 | 25 March 1904 | |||
| Sisavang Vongພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສີສວ່າງວົງສ໌ | 26 March 1904 | 1945 | |||
| Sisavang Vong | September 15, 1945 | 20 October 1945 | |||
| Phetsarath Rattanavongsa | October 20, 1945 | 23 April 1946 | |||
| Sisavang Vong | April 23, 1946 | 29 October 1959 | |||
| Sisavang Vatthana | October 30, 1959 | 2 December 1975 | |||
See main article: Kingdom of Champasak.
The Kingdom of Champasak declared itself independent from the Kingdom of Vientiane in 1713. The Kingdom of Champasak comprised the area south of the Xe Bang River as far as Stung Treng together with the areas of the lower Mun and Xi rivers on the Khorat Plateau (now the Isaan area of modern Thailand). The Kingdom was annexed by Siam in 1829 following the Chao Anouvong Rebellion, and subsequent kings were confirmed in Bangkok. From 1893 French took administrative control over parts of the kingdom, in 1904 the kingdom was reduced to a provincial governorship but still included the political involvement of the Na Champasak royal family. From 1941 to 1945 Thailand exploited France's weakness during World War II to acquire Champasak and other Lao lands on the right bank of the Mekong. In 1946 Champasak was ceded back to France and Chao Boun Oum remitted all claims to an independent kingship in order to unify Laos. The Kingdom of Laos (1946–75) was then formed under the Luang Prabang line of kingship.
| Name | Portrait | Reign from | Reign until | Relationship with predecessors | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nokasad (Soysisamut Phutthangkun) | 1713 | 1738Khorat Plateau Aged 45 | Grandson of Sourigna Vongsa | ||
| Sayakumane (Pha Photi Chao) | 1738 | 1791Champa Nagapurisiri Aged 81 | Son of Nokasat | ||
| Fay Na(Vichaiyarat Khattiyawongsa) | 1791 | 1811 | Not of royal descent | ||
| 1811 | 1811 | ||||
| 1811 – 1813 Interregnum | |||||
| Manoi | 1813 | 1820 | Nephew of Sayakumane | ||
| Nho | 1820 | 1827 | Son of Anouvong, King of Vientiane | ||
| 1829–93 Siam annexes Champasak following the Chao Anouvong Rebellion and confirms subsequent kings | |||||
| 1827 | 1841Himlot, Champassak Aged 61–63 | Great grandson of Nokasad | |||
| 1841 | 1851Bangkok, Siam Aged 76 | Brother of Huy | |||
| 1851 | 1853Bangkok, Siam | Son of No Muong and Cousin of Nark | |||
| Interregnum (1853–1855) Prince Suriya, Uparaja, acted as Regent. He died at 1855. | |||||
| 1856 | 1858Himlot, Champassak Aged 28 | Son of Huy | |||
| Interregnum (1858–63) | |||||
| 1863 | 28 July 1900Bassac, Champassak Aged 62 | Son of Huy and Brother of Kham Nai | |||
| Ratsadanay (Nhouy) | 28 July 1900 | 19 September 1904 | Son of Kham Souk | ||
| Boun Oum | – | – | Son of Ratsadanay | ||
| Name | Portrait | Reign from | Reign until | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kingkitsarat(Kitsarat) ເຈົ້າກິງກິດສະຣາດ | 1706 | 1713 | ||
| 1713 | 1723 | |||
| Inthasom(Thao Ang) ເຈົ້າອິນທະໂສມ | 1723 | 1749 | ||
| Vietnamese invasion repelled (1749) | ||||
| Inthaphom (Intharavongsa) | 1749 | 1749 | ||
| Sotika Koumaneເຈົ້າໂຊຕິກະ | 1749 | 1764 | ||
| Burmese invasion (1764/65, aided by Vientiane), Luang Prabang becomes Burmese vassal state, 1765–1771 | ||||
| Sotika Koumaneເຈົ້າໂຊຕິກະ | 1764 | 1768/1771 | ||
| Surinyavong IIເຈົ້າສຸລິຍະວົງສາທີ່ສອງ | 1771 | 1779/1788 | ||
| Luang Prabang becomes Siamese vassal state, 1779-1792 | ||||
| Surinyavong IIເຈົ້າສຸລິຍະວົງສາທີ່ສອງ | 1779 | 1788 | ||
| Luang Prabang is administered by Siamese appointed governors during detention of the Royal Family at Bangkok (1788-1792) | ||||
| Anourouthເຈົ້າອານຸຣຸດທະ | 3 February 1792 | 1817 | ||
| Mantha Tourathເຈົ້າມັນທາຕຸຣາດ | 1817 | 1825 | ||
| Luang Prabang is administered by Siamese officials (1825-1826) | ||||
| Mantha Tourathເຈົ້າມັນທາຕຸຣາດ | 1826 | 1836 | ||
| Provinces of Luang Phrabang in rebellion against Siam (1835-1838) | ||||
| Soukha Seumເຈົ້າສຸຂະເສີມ | 1838 | 1850 | ||
| Tiantharathເຈົ້າຈັນທະຣາດ | 23 September 1850 | 1 October 1868 | ||
| The Pra Bang is returned to Luang Pra Bang by King Chulalongkorn of Thailand having been brought to Bangkok during the destruction of Vientiane in 1828. Until 1865, Thai King Chantharath ruled Luang PraBang, and relinquished the power to Laos King Oun Kham. Transition occurred during/after the French Auguste Parvie visits. | ||||
| Oun Khamເຈົ້າອຸ່ນຄຳ | 1 October 1868 | 15 December 1895 | ||
| Kham Souk (Sakharine, Sackarindr) ພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສັກຣິນທຣ໌ | 15 December 1895 | 25 March 1904 | ||
| Sisavang Vongພຣະບາທສົມເດັຈພຣະເຈົ້າມະຫາຊີວິຕສີສວ່າງວົງສ໌ | 26 March 1904 | 1945 | ||
| Sisavang Vong | September 15, 1945 | 20 October 1945 | ||
| Phetsarath Rattanavongsa | October 20, 1945 | 23 April 1946 | ||
| Sisavang Vong | April 23, 1946 | 29 October 1959 | ||
| Sisavang Vatthana | October 30, 1959 | 2 December 1975 | ||
See main article: Muang Phuan. The Muang of Xiang Khouang was a semi-autonomous region in Laos in what is now Xiang Khouang province. The Phuan (Pu’on) monarchy claims descent from Khun Borom and were part of the Lan Xang mandala. Geographic isolation and frequent warfare produced periods where the Phuan kings tried to assert more authority, but the region remained only a key vassalage for surrounding kingdoms. The region features prominently in the 18th and 19th century as valuable coalition piece for the rival kingdoms of Vientiane and Champasak. Xiang Khouang was a trade frontier, and also a frequent point of invasion, and so has more cultural influences from China and Vietnam.
| Name | Birth | Reign from | Reign until | Death | Relationship with predecessors | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kham Sanh | 1651 | 1688 | |||||
| Kam Lan | 1688 | 1700 | Son of Kham Sanh | ||||
| Kham Sattha | 1723 | 1751 | Grandson of Kam Lan | Tributary to Vietnam, Luang Prabang, and Vientiane) | |||
| Ong Lo | 1751 | 1779 | |||||
| Somphou | 1779 | 1803 | |||||
| Noi (Southaka Souvanna Koumar) | 1803 | 1831 | 1829 | Nephew of Somphou | Executed by Emperor Minh Mạng of Vietnam | ||
| Xiang Khuoang annexed as Tran Ninh province in Vietnam (1832) | |||||||
| Po | 1848 | 1865 | Son of Noi | Vassal to Siam and Vietnam | |||
| Ung | 1866 | 1876 | Haw pirates invade Xiang Khouang in 1874 | ||||
| Khanti | 1876 | 1880 | Son of Ung | Vassal to Siam | |||
| Kham Ngon | 1880 | 1899 | French protectorate ends autonomy | ||||
See main article: Kingdom of Laos.
| width=15% | Name! | width=105px | Portrait! | Birth | width=20% | Death! | width=16 | Succession right |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sisavang Vong 23 April 1946 – 29 October 1959 | 14 July 1885 Luang Phrabang | 29 October 1959 Luang Phrabang aged 74 | Son of Zakarine | |||||
| Sisavang Vatthana 29 October 1959 – 2 December 1975 | 13 November 1907 Luang Phrabang | 13 May 1978 Xam Neua aged 70 | Son of Sisavang Vong | |||||
See main article: Royal Lao Government in Exile.
| Name | Tenure | House | Birth | Death | Succession right |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vong Savang | Khun Lo | 27 September 1931 | Son of Sisavang Vatthana | ||
| Soulivong Savang | – present | 8 May 1963 | living | Son of Vong Savang |