List of Jewish historians explained

A list of Jewish historians:

A

• David Abulafia, professor of history, University of Cambridge (Jewish Year Book 2005, p. 218)
• Henry Abramson, Touro College, Eastern European Jewish Historian.^[1]
• Ignác Acsády, Hungarian social and economic historian^[2]
• Howard Adelson, U.S. mediaeval historian
• Cyrus Adler,^[3] U.S. historian of Jewish history
• Geoffrey Alderman,^[4] historian
• Mor Altshuler, Israeli historian of early Hasidism, Kabbalism, and Jewish messianism^[5]
• Iosif Amusin, Soviet historian^[6]
• Anne Applebaum, U.S. journalist, writer on the history of the Soviet Union, Russia, Central and Eastern Europe
• Herbert Aptheker, leader in Communist Party, historian^[7]
• Yitzhak Arad, Israeli historian of the Shoah^[8]
• Yehoshua Arieli, Israeli historian
• Walter Leonard Arnstein, U.S. historian
• Raymond Aron, French historian of sociology
• Robert Aron, French author and journalist
• Artapanus of Alexandria, 2nd Century BC historian who lived in Alexandria, Egypt^[9]
• David Asheri, Israeli classical historian
• Simon Ashkenazi, Polish modern European history
• Robert Assaraf, Moroccan writer and historian
• David Ayalon, Israeli historian of Islam and Judaism

B

• Bernard Bailyn, U.S. Colonial historian
• Richard Barnett, museum curator and archaeologist (JYB 1985 p. 187)
• Salo Wittmayer Baron, American historian of Polish-Austrian Jewish ancestry
• Omer Bartov, U.S. historian of World War II and Polish Jews
• Yehuda Bauer, Czech-born Israeli historian of the Holocaust
• Zygmunt Bauman, Anglo-Polish scholar who examines the relationship between modernity and the Holocaust
• Yitzhak Bayer, History of the Jews
• George Louis Beer, U.S. historian of 16th-19th century commerce
• Emile-Auguste Begin, French physician, historian and librarian
• Max Beloff, English historian and political scientist
• Benjamin of Tudela, travel writer 1159-73
• Shlomo Ben-Ami, Israeli historian and politician
• Joaquim Bensaude Portuguese historian of astronomy and navigation
• Norman Bentwich, British lawyer and historian^[10]
• Israil Bercovici, Romanian playwright and historian ^[11]
• Jay R. Berkovitz, U.S. historian of Jews in France and early modern Europe
• Isaiah Berlin, Latvian-born British historian of ideas
• Harry Bernstein, U.S. historian
• Elias Joseph Bickerman, U.S. scholar of ancient history
• Camille Bloch, French historian, archivist and librarian
• Gustave Bloch, French Graeco-Roman historian
• Herbert Bloch, German-born American classicist
• Marc Bloch, French historian of medieval France
• Solomon Frank Bloom, U.S. historian of modern Europe
• Jerome Blum, U.S. historian
• Grigory Bongard-Levin, Russian historian
• Daniel Boorstin, U.S. historian; official historian at the Smithsonian Institution & the Library of Congress^[12]
• Woodrow Wilson Borah, U.S. historian
• Randolph L. Braham U.S. historian of Hungarian Jewish ancestry; historian of the Holocaust in Hungary
• Ambrosio Brandao, Portuguese historian and soldier
• Ahron Bregman, author and journalist on the Arab-Israeli conflict
• Harry Bresslau, German historian
• Berthold Bretholz, Moravian historian
• Alan Brinkley, historian, provost of Columbia University
• Jacob Bronowski, historian of science ^[13]
• Robert Brunschvig, French historian of Islam
• Max Buedinger, German modern European historian

C

• Norman Cantor, mediaeval historian^[14]
• David Cesarani, British professor of history
• Robert Chazan medievalist
• Achille Coen, Italian historian
• David Cohen, Dutch historian and Jewish leader
• Gustave Cohen, Belgian historian of mediaeval French literature and theatre
• Mark Cohen, American historian of the Jews under medieval Islam
• Norman Cohn, British historian
• Robert Cohen, French historian of ancient Greece
• Stephen F. Cohen, American historian of the Soviet Union
• Michael Confino, Israeli historian
• Martin van Creveld, Dutch-born Israeli military historian

D

• Robert Davidsohn, German historian of mediaeval Florence
• Natalie Zemon Davis, American historian of France
• Lucy Dawidowicz, American Holocaust historian
• Hermann Dessau, German historian and philologist
• Isaac Deutscher, Polish-born British Marxist historian and political scientist
• Max Dimont, Finnish-American Jew and popular historian and author
• Martin Duberman, U.S. historian and playwright
• Simon Dubnow, Russian-born Latvian historian; author of the "History of the Jews"; shot by Nazis
• Ariel Durant, American historian; author of The Story of Civilization.^[15]

E

• Abba Eban, Israeli writer about Israeli and Jewish history
• Ludwig Edelstein, ancient medicine
• Alfred Edersheim Australian Jewish historian and Biblical scholar
• Victor Ehrenberg, German historian of the ancient world
• Louis Eisenman, French historian of Europe
• Abraham Eisenstadt, U.S. historian
• Stanley Elkins, U.S. historian
• Amos Elon, Vienna-born Israeli. Historian of Germany and modern Israel
• Geoffrey Rudolph Elton, German-born British historian of Tudor England
• Carlo Errera, Italian geographer and historian of exploration
• Richard Ettinghausen, German-born U.S. art historian^[16]

F

• Orlando Figes, British historian of Russia
• Louis Filler, U.S. historian
• Sidney Fine, U.S. historian
• Samuel Finer, British political scientist and historian^[17]
• Norman Finkelstein, American historian
• Moses I. Finley, Classical Historian.^[18]
• Simha Flapan, Israeli historian
• Robert Fogel, American economic historian and Nobel laureate^[19]
• Eric Foner, American historian and president of American Historical Association 2000
• Joseph Friedenson, Holocaust historian^[20]
• Heinrich Friedjung, Moravian historian and politician
• Henry Friedlander, German-born American historian of the Holocaust
• Saul Friedländer, Czech-born French-Israeli historian of the Holocaust
• Yisrael Friedman, former lecturer at the Tel Aviv University and the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev
• Alexander Fuks, Israeli classical historian

G

• Peter Gay, German-born American historian of ideas
• Leo Gershoy, U.S. historian
• Felix Gilbert, U.S. political historian
• Martin Gilbert, British historian^[21]
• Carlo Ginzburg, Italian historian
• Gustave Glotz, French ancient Greek historian
• Shelomo Dov Goitein Arabist, historian, ethnographer
• Eric F. Goldman, U.S. modern historian
• Yosef Goldman, author of Hebrew Printing in America^[22]
• Yossi Goldstein, Israeli biographer
• Ernst Gombrich, Austrian-born British art historian^[23]
• Cassandra Good, PhD in history from the University of Pennsylvania.
• Martin Goodman (historian) (Jewish Year Book 2005 p. 215)
• Gabriel Gorodetsky, historian of Second World War
• Louis Reichenthal Gottschalk, U.S. historian of modern Europe
• Heinrich Graetz, Polish-born German historian
• Jack Granatstein, Canadian military historian
• Jacob Greenwald, Master of European History University of Haifa
• Jan T. Gross, Polish historian
• Philip Guedalla, biographer ^[24]
• Hans G. Guterbock, German-born hittitologist

H

• Joseph Hakohen, 16th century historian, Italy
• Elie Halevy, French historian, "A History of the English People in the 19th century 1915-30"
• George W. F. Hallgarten, historian^[25]
• Louis Halphen, French mediaevalist
• Theodore Stephen Hamerow, U.S. historian
• Marceli Handelsman, Polish constitutional and political historian
• Oscar Handlin, U.S. social historian
• Abraham Harkavy, Belarusian-born Russian historian
• Henry Harrisse, U.S. historiographer
• Ludo Moritz Hartmann, Austrian historian and statesman
• Henri Hauser, French ancient and mediaeval historian
• Sigmund Herzberg-Fraenkel, Austrian historian
• Jack H. Hexter, U.S. historian of modern Europe
• Uriel Heyd, Israeli historian of Islam
• Raul Hilberg, Austrian-born American Holocaust historian^[26]
• Gertrude Himmelfarb, American historian of Victorian Britain
• Heinrich Otto Hirschfield, German Roman historian
• Eric Hobsbawm, Egyptian-born British Marxist historian
• Richard Hofstadter, U.S. political historian
• David Horowitz, American historian
• Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, American historian
• Irving Howe, American historian
• Samuel Justin Hurwitz, U.S. historian
• Harold Melvin Hyman, U.S. historian

I

• Siegfried Isaacsohn, German historian
• Jonathan Israel, British historian (Jewish Year Book 2005, p. 215)

J

• Joseph Jacobs https://web.archive.org/web/20070420120118/http://www.northern.edu/hastingw/jacobs.htm, editor of the Jewish Encyclopedia
• Oscar Isaiah Janowsky, U.S. historian of modern Europe and Jews
• Lisa Jardine, British historian (ref see List of British Jews#Historians)
• Louis de Jong, Dutch historian and journalist
• Matthew Josephson, U.S. social historian
• Titus Flavius Josephus, ancient Jewish historian

K

• Donald Kagan, American historian of ancient Greece
• Frederick Kagan, American military historian
• David Kahn, American historian of cryptography
• Ernst Kantorowicz, German-born American mediaevalist
• Efraim Karsh, Israeli historian
• Jacob Katz, was Professor Emeritus, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, and author or editor of many books on medieval and modern Jewish social history
• Steven T. Katz, U.S. historian of the Holocaust
• Shmuel Katz, Israeli historian
• Solomon Katz, U.S. historian
• Elie Kedourie, Iraq-born British historian (Jewish Year Book 1990 p. 202)
• Morton Keller, U.S. historian
• Abraham Khalfon, Jewish historian of Tripoli^[27]
• James Klugmann, communist historian ^[28]
• Richard Koebner, Israeli German historian
• Hans Kohn, U.S. political and social historian
• Hilton Kramer, American art historian
• Michael Kraus, U.S. historian
• Leonard Krieger, U.S. historian
• Hyman Kublin, U.S. historian of the far east
• Thomas Samuel Kuhn, U.S. historian of science
• Otto Kurz, historian (Jewish Year Book 1975 p. 214)

L

• Leopold Labedz, Anglo-Polish historian of Communism
• Gyula Lanczy, Hungarian economic historian
• David Landes, U.S. economic historian
• Benno Landsberger, Austrian-born assyriologist
• Thomas Laqueur, UC Berkeley professor, historian of Britain since 1509: social, medical and sexual historian
• Walter Laqueur, German-born American historian of modern Europe, the Middle East & terrorism
• Max Laserson, Latvian historian
• Michael Ledeen, American historian of Fascism
• Sidney Lee, second editor of the Dictionary of National Biography^[29]
• Arthur Lefkowitz, American historian of the American Revolution
• Mary Lefkowitz, American classical scholar
• Gerda Lerner, Austrian-born American feminist historian
• Max Lerner, U.S. journalist and social historian
• Joseph Levenson, U.S. specialist in Chinese history
• Wilhelm Levison, German mediaevalist
• Arthur Levy, French historian
• Leonard William Levy, U.S. political historian
• , French linguistic historian
• Bernard Lewis, British orientalist, History of Islam^[30]
• David Malcolm Lewis, British historian. (Jewish Year Book 1995 p. 193)
• Felix Liebermann, German mediaevalist
• Ephraim Lipson, British economic historian
• Deborah Lipstadt, U.S. Holocaust historian^[31]
• Victor Loewe, German historian and archivist
• Robert Sabatino Lopez, U.S. mediaevalist
• Sidney Low, British statesman, journalist and political historian
• Samuel Lozinski, Russian historian
• John Lukacs, Hungarian-US historian^[32]
• Alberto Lumbroso, Italian historian of the Napoleonic period
• Giacomo Lumbroso, Italian classical historian and archaeologist

M

• Hyam Maccoby^[33]
• Lothar Machtan
• Philip Magnus-Allcroft, biographer ^[34]
• Frank Manuel, U.S. historian
• Henrik Marczali, Hungarian historian
• Shula Marks, South African-British expert on African history (Jewish Year Book 2005 p. 215)
• Ludwig Markus, German expert in Abyssinian and Beta Israeli history
• Michael Marrus, Canadian Shoah historian
• Karl Marx, historian and philosopher
• Arno J. Mayer, Luxembourg-born American historian
• Gustav Mayer, German political and social historian
• Milton Meltzer, American historian of Afro-American history
• Ezra Mendelsohn, Polish historian of the Jewish community in Poland
• Isaak Mints, Ukrainian-born Russian historian
• Mark Borisovich Mitin, Russian politician and historian
• Arnaldo Momigliano, Italian-British historian.(Jewish Year Book 1985 p. 188)
• Felice Momigliano, Italian philosopher and historian
• Benny Morris, Israeli historian of Israel
• Richard Brandon Morris, U.S. constitutional historian
• Louis C. Morton, U.S. historian
• George Mosse, German-born American historian of ideas
• Salomon Munk, German-born French historian
• Friederich Munzer, German classical scholar
• Gustavus Myers, U.S. social historian

N

• Nadav Na`aman, Israeli historian of biblical times
• Oskar Nachod, German historian and bibliographer
• Lewis Bernstein Namier, Polish-born British historian
• Abraham Nasatir, U.S. historian of west and southwest U.S.
• Alexander Nove, economic historian (Jewish Year Book 1990 p. 202)

O

• Julius Oppert, Assyriologist
• Michael Oren, Israeli historian
• Leo Oppenheim, Assyriologist

P

• Abraham Pais, Dutch-born American historian
• Francis Palgrave, British historian
• Erwin Panofsky, German-born American art historian^[35]
• Ilan Pappé, Israeli historian
• Peter Paret, German-born American historian of German history
• Herbert S. Parmet, political historian and biographer
• Robert D. Parmet, labor and immigration historian and biographer
• Max Perlbach, German mediaevalist
• Martin Phillipson, German modern historian and communal leader
• Koppel Pinson, U.S. political and social historian
• Daniel Pipes, American historian of the Middle East
• Richard Pipes, Polish-born American historian of Russia
• Karl Polanyi, economist and historian ^[36]
• Leon Poliakov, French historian of anti-semitism
• Sidney Pomerantz, U.S. historian
• Richard Popkin, historian of philosophy ^[37]
• Yehoshua Porath, Israeli historian
• Samuel A. Portnoy, American historian of Jewish and East European history ^[38]
• George Posener, French Egyptologist
• Michael Postan, British historian (Jewish Year Book 1985 p. 188)
• Joshua Prawer, Israeli historian of the kingdom of Jerusalem and the crusades
• Alfred Francis Pribram (de), Anglo-Austrian diplomatic historian.^[39]
• Alfred Pribram, Austrian historian and publicist
• Jacob Psantir, Rumanian historian of the Jews

R

• Theodore Rabb, Renaissance historian
• Ronald Radosh, American historian of espionage
• Armin Rappaport, U.S. historian
• Uriel Rappaport, Israeli historian of the Second Temple period
• Sidney Ratner, U.S. economic historian
• Jehuda Reinharz, U.S.-Israeli historian of modern Jewish history
• Ludwig Riess, German constitutional historian
• Emanuel Ringelblum, Polish historian of Warsaw Ghetto
• Maxime Rodinson, French historian
• Samuele Romanin, Italian historian of classical Rome and Judaism
• Nello Roselli, Italian historian
• Ron Rosenbaum, American historian-journalist, author of Explaining Hitler (1998)
• Arthur Rosenberg, German historian and Zionist
• Nathan Rosenstein, American historian of the Roman Republic
• Michael Alan Ross, American writer and author of BostonWalks The Jewish Friendship Trail Guidebook^[40]
• Walt Whitman Rostow, American economic historian
• Cecil Roth, British historian^[41] and editor of the Encyclopaedia Judaica
• Hans Rothfels, German-born American historian
• W.D.Rubinstein, American-born Australian historian in Britain
• Suzanne Rutland, Australian historian

S

• Abram L. Sachar, American historian
• Howard M. Sachar, American historian
• Julius Salomon, Danish historian and archivist
• Simon Schama, British historian^[42]
• J. Salwyn Schapiro, American historian of modern Europe
• Leonard Schapiro,^[43] historian
• Meyer Schapiro, Lithuanian-born American art historian^[44]
• David Schoenbaum, modern German history
• Moses Schorr, historian of Polish Jews
• Debra Schultz, American feminist historian
• Yossi Schwartz
• Hugh Sebag-Montefiore, British World War 2 historian^[45]
• Simon Sebag Montefiore, British historian of Russia^[46]
• Tom Segev, Israeli historian
• Arturo Segre, Italian political and commercial historian
• Avraham Sela, Israeli historian
• Enrique Semo, Mexican historian
• Bernard Semmel, U.S. historian
• Michael Shamah, British Archaeologist
• Moshe Shamir, Israeli writer and historian
• Leeor Shimron, American historian
• Avi Shlaim, Israeli historian
• Joseph Shulim, U.S. historian
• Bernhard von Simson, German mediaevalist
• Paul Simson, German historian
• Charles Singer, British historian of science and medicine
• Ephraim Avigdor Speiser, American assyriologist and archeologist
• Louis Snyder, U.S. historian
• Arthur Stein (historian), Austrian historian of classical Rome
• Aurel Stein https://www.amazon.com/dp/0295977302, archeologist
• Henri Stein, French bibliographer and historian
• Samuel Steinherz, Czechoslovakian mediaevalist
• Alfred Stern, Swiss social historian
• Fritz Stern, German-born American historian
• Menahem Stern, Israeli historian of ancient Judaism
• Zeev Sternhell, Israeli historian of French fascism
• Barry Supple, British economic historian (Jewish Year Book, 2005, p. 215)

T

• Hayim Tadmor, Assyriologist
• Jacob Talmon, Israeli political and social historian
• Frank Tannenbaum, U.S. economic historian
• John Thorn, U.S. baseball historian; official historian of Major League Baseball^[47]
• Rosa Levin Toubin, Jewish Texan historian
• Hans Trefousse, U.S. historian
• Barbara Tuchman, U.S. journalist and historian^[48]

U

• Adam Ulam, Polish-born American historian of Marxism, Communism, and 20th Century Russian history
• Irwin Unger, U.S. political and social historian

V

• Geza Vermes, Hungarian-born British historian^[49]

W

• Joanna Waley-Cohen, English historian now in New York
• Bernard Wasserstein, British historian of the Middle East and Europe
• Eugen Weber, Modern European History
• Gerhard Weinberg, German-born American historian of World War Two
• Robert Weinberg, American historian of Russia
• Bernard Weisberger, U.S. historian
• Eduard Wertheimer, Hungarian historian of the 19th century
• Helene Wieruszowski, German-U.S. historian
• Mordecai Wilensky, American/Israeli historian of Jewish history
• Bertram Wolfe, U.S. Soviet historian
• Michael Wolffsohn, Israeli-born German historian
• Leonard Woolf, British historian of economics

Y

• Zvy Yavetz, Israeli historian of ancient Rome
• Yosef Hayim Yerushalmi (1932-2009), Jewish History, Culture & Society
• Aryeh Yitzhaki, Israeli historian

Z

• Abraham Zacuto, historian and scientist
• Rehavam Zeevi, Israeli historian
• Oscar Zeichner, U.S. historian
• Alfred Zimmern, British political scientist and authority on International Relations
• Carl A. Zimring, American environmental historian
• Howard Zinn, American historian^[50]

Notes and References

1. Web site: Henry Abramson . Henry Abramson . Jewishhistorylectures.org . 2022-03-17.
2. (EJL)
3. [Encyclopaedia Judaica]
4. http://books.guardian.co.uk/departments/generalfiction/story/0,,1713557,00.html "her father, Geoffrey Alderman, is a columnist for the Jewish Chronicle, and her family are strict Orthodox Jews" Accessed 3 Jan 2007
5. http://www.jewish-studies.info/cv-en.htm Mor Altshuler's Curriculum Vitae
6. https://eleven.co.il/article/10216 Амусин Иосиф
7. http://www.historycooperative.org/cgi-bin/justtop.cgi?act=justtop&url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/87.1/interview.html "And I'm Jewish. I was about to go to Command and General Staff School and be promoted..." (subscription needed to view full text)
8. http://www.canada.com/topics/news/world/story.html?id=c3e563df-be01-47b6-89a8-209e33665425 "Lithuania drops war crimes probe of Israeli historian,"
9. [John M. G. Barclay]
10. [Encyclopaedia Judaica]
11. Web site: Archived copy . 2006-11-20 . 2006-12-13 . https://web.archive.org/web/20061213070152/http://www2.trincoll.edu/~mendele/ytf/ytf02006.htm . dead .
12. http://www.jewishsf.com/content/2-0-/module/displaystory/story_id/21792/edition_id/442/format/html/displaystory.html j. - Celebrity Jews: Rich Guys Donate
13. Web site: Rita Bronowski - San Diego Jewish Journal . 2006-11-16 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060527022922/http://www.sdjewishjournal.com/stories/article5.html . 2006-05-27 .
14. https://web.archive.org/web/20070318192038/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2004%2F10%2F01%2Fdb0103.xml&sSheet=%2Fportal%2F2004%2F10%2F01%2Fixportal.html "Cantor, himself Jewish, took on the "ruling circles of the American and Israeli Jewish communities"."
15. http://www.historyforsale.com/html/prodetails.asp?documentid=252942&start=2&page=63 "later known as Ariel (1898-1981), a Russian Jewish immigrant and talented student..."
16. http://arthistorians.info/ettinghausenr, "Both a Jew and an avid Islamicist"
17. Jewish Chronicle obituary, June 25, 1993, p.15
18. [Encyclopaedia Judaica]
19. Web site: Jewish Nobel Prize Laureates.
20. Web site: Video: Reb Yosef Friedenson Delivers Inspiring Words of Emunah. Jul 21, 2010. matzav.com. Dec 7, 2016.
21. Web site: The official website of Sir Martin Gilbert - 20th Century British Historian and the official biographer of Sir Winston Churchill - Sir Martin Gilbert . Martingilbert.com . 2009-03-05 . 2022-03-17.
22. http://www.jewishpress.com/page.do/20061/Hooked_On_American_Jewish_History.html Hooked On American Jewish History
23. News: Obituary: Sir Ernst Gombrich . . London . Michael . Podro . 5 November 2001 . 2022-03-17.
24. Oxford Dictionary of National Biography: "He was buried in Golders Green Jewish cemetery"
25. http://www.nsec-88.org/knihy/The-myth/19.html "The German-Jewish historian, George Hallgarten"
26. [Encyclopaedia Judaica]
27. Book: A History of Jewish-Muslim Relations: From the origins to the present day. Abdelwahab. Meddeb. Benjamin. Stora. Princeton University Press. 2013. 978-0-691-15127-4. 237.
28. [Concise Dictionary of National Biography]
29. Web site: Shtetl: Israel Cohen - Jewish Life In Modern Times . Ibiblio.org . 1914-06-17 . 2022-03-17.
30. http://www.aish.com/jewishissues/middleeast/Bernard_Lewis_Unplugged.asp "He is Jewish, a native of London, in his 80s."
31. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/4578534.stm "Lipstadt, the American Jewish academic who exposes Holocaust deniers ..."
32. Web site: Archived copy . 2007-04-11 . 2007-06-21 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070621075044/http://www.jeetheer.com/politics/lukacs.htm . usurped .
33. Web site: Archived copy . 2007-05-25 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20150909024326/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4158/is_20040504/ai_n12778519 . 2015-09-09 .
34. Encyclopaedia Judaica, art. "Magnus"
35. http://muse.jhu.edu/cgi-bin/access.cgi?uri=/journals/modern_judaism/v018/18.1goodwin.html "Erwin Panofsky (1892-1968), another Jewish scholar associated with the Warburg Library, was the most illustrious art historian who found refuge in America." (subscription needed to view)
36. Web site: JINFO . Jewish Economists . Jinfo.org . 2009-12-06 . 2022-03-17.
37. [Encyclopaedia Judaica]
38. Web site: 40 Years Seeking, Learning and Sharing Knowledge . 2009-09-25 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070614174324/http://www.fau.edu/40th/share_read.html . 2007-06-14 .
39. Almanach für das Jahr 1949, 99. Band, Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, In Kommission bei R. M. Rohrer.
40. Web site: Boston Walks Walk BostonWalks Group Walking Tour Explore Urban Ethics Ethnics Jewish Italian Irish Sites Living History Boston MA, New York City, Portland ME, Rhode Island BostonWalks the Jewish Friendship Trail Guidebook and the Ten Commandments Guidebook . 2008-06-17 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080514131109/http://www.gis.net/bostonwalks/ . 2008-05-14 .
41. Web site: Cecil Roth . JHOM . 2022-03-17.
42. Web site: Simon Schama History of Britain . Age-of-the-sage.org . 2022-03-17.
43. Concise Dictionary of National Biography: "born in Glasgow of an anglophile Riga Jewish family"
44. http://www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/50s/schapiro-obit.html "An archetypal Jewish immigrant"
45. Web site: hugh sebag montefiore . Amazon.co.uk . 2022-03-17.
46. Web site: Vintage Catalog | Stalin by Simon Sebag Montefiore . 2006-06-23 . 2007-07-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070714100413/http://www.randomhouse.com/vintage/catalog/display.pperl?isbn=9781400076789&view=qa . dead .
47. News: Frommer . Frederic J. . How Baseball’s Official Historian Dug Up the Game’s Unknown Origins . . April 2024.
48. http://www.jcpa.org/jpsr/jpsr-yegar-f05.htm "American Jewish historian Barbara Tuchman was born in New York City"
49. Web site: The Spirit of Things - 29/08/99: Providential Accidents. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20000425185157/http://www.abc.net.au/rn/relig/spirit/stories/s47729.htm. 2000-04-25. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
50. http://www.jewishjournal.com/home/preview.php?id=12705 ""The Corporation," the lineup was a quartet of four Jewish left intellectuals, including Noam Chomsky and Howard Zinn..."