List of Jewish heads of state and government explained

This is a list of heads of state and government who are Jewish or have a largely Jewish heritage.

Heads of state and government

ImageHead of state or governmentTitleCountryIn office fromIn office untilBorn inJewish ancestry
Samuel ibn NagrellaGrand Vizier and NagidTaifa of Granada, Al-Andalus10271055Cordoba, Al-AndalusSephardic Jewish[1] [2] [3] [4]
Yosef ibn NagrellaGrand Vizier and NagidTaifa of Granada, Al-Andalus105530 December 1066Granada, Al-AndalusSephardic Jewish[5] [6] [7]
Joseph NasiDuke of NaxosDuchy of the Archipelago15661579Kingdom of PortugalPortuguese Jewish[8] [9] [10]
Luis de Carvajal y de la CuevaGovernor of the New Kingdom of León1580 1588Mogadouro, Kingdom of PortugalPortuguese Jewish[11] [12] [13]
Gabriel MilanGovernor of The Danish West Indies Denmark7 May 16845 July 1686Glückstadt, GermanySephardic Jewish[14]
Juan LindoPresident of El Salvador El Salvador7 January 18411 February 1842Tegucigalpa, HondurasSephardic Jewish[15] [16] [17] [18]
President of Honduras Honduras2 February 18471 February 1852
Benjamin DisraeliPrime Minister of the United Kingdom United Kingdom27 February 18681 December 1868Bloomsbury, Middlesex, England, United KingdomBritish Jewish, Italian Jewish[19] [20] [21] [22]
20 February 187421 April 1880
Julius VogelPremier of New Zealand New Zealand8 April 18736 July 1875London, United KingdomEnglish Jewish[23] [24] [25]
15 February 18761 September 1876
Vaiben Louis SolomonPremier of South Australia1 December 1899 8 December 1899Adelaide, South AustraliaAustralian Jewish[26]
Matthew NathanGovernor of the Gold Coast17 December 19009 February 1904London, United KingdomEnglish Jewish[27] [28]
Governor of Hong Kong29 July 190429 July 1907
Governor of Natal Colony of Natal2 September 190723 December 1909
Alessandro FortisPrime Minister of Italy28 March 19058 February 1906Forlì, Papal StatesItalian Jewish[29] [30] [31]
Sidney SonninoPrime Minister of Italy8 February 190629 May 1906Pisa, Grand Duchy of TuscanyItalian Jewish[32] [33] [34] father, raised Christian
11 December 190931 March 1910
Luigi LuzzattiPrime Minister of Italy31 March 191030 March 1911Venice, Kingdom of Lombardy–VenetiaItalian Jewish[35] [36] [37]
Francisco Henríquez y CarvajalPresident of the Dominican Republic Dominican Republic31 July 191629 November 1916Santo Domingo, Dominican RepublicDutch Jewish, Sephardic Jewish[38] [39] [40] [41]
Yakov SverdlovChairman of All-Russian Central Executive Committee21 November 191716 March 1919Nizhny Novgorod, Russian EmpireRussian Jewish[42] [43] [44]
Abraham SchrameckGovernor-general of French Madagascar France1 August 191812 July 1919Saint-Étienne, FranceFrench Jewish[45] [46]
Kurt EisnerMinister President of the People's State of Bavaria8 November 191821 February 1919Berlin, Kingdom of PrussiaGerman Jewish[47] [48] [49]
Béla KunDe facto leader
People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs		21 March 19191 August 1919Lele, Austria-HungaryHungarian Jewish[50] [51] [52] [53]
Eugen LevinéLeader of the Bavarian Soviet RepublicBavarian Soviet Republic12 April 19193 May 1919St Petersburg, Russian EmpireRussian Jewish[54] [55] [56]
Alexandre MillerandPrime Minister of France France20 January 192024 September 1920Paris, FranceAlsatian Jewish[57] [58] [59]
President of France23 September 192011 June 1924
Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount SamuelHigh Commissioner for Palestine1 July 192030 June 1925Liverpool, EnglandBritish Jewish[60] [61] [62]
Rufus Isaacs, 1st Marquess of ReadingViceroy and Governor-General of India2 April 19213 April 1926London, EnglandBritish Jewish[63] [64] [65]
Zigfrīds Anna MeierovicsPrime Minister of Latvia Latvia19 June 192126 January 1923Durbe, LatviaLatvian Jewish[66] [67] [68]
28 June 192326 January 1924
Francis BellPrime Minister of New Zealand New Zealand14 May 192530 May 1925Nelson, New ZealandNew Zealander Jew[69] [70] [71]
Sir Isaac IsaacsGovernor-General of Australia Australia21 January 193123 January 1936Melbourne, AustraliaPolish Jewish[72] [73] [74]
Léon BlumPrime Minister of France France4 June 193622 June 1937Paris, FranceFrench Jewish, Alsatian Jewish[75] [76]
13 March 193810 April 1938
16 December 194622 January 1947
Léon GeismarActing governor-general of French West Africa14 July 193828 October 1938Dambach-la-Ville, Alsace-LorraineAlsatian Jewish[77]
Mátyás RákosiGeneral Secretary of the MKP/MDP23 February 194518 July 1956Ada, Austria-HungaryHungarian Jewish[78]
Prime Minister of Hungary14 August 1952 4 July 1953
David Ben-Gurion
Prime Minister of Israel Israel17 May 194826 January 1954Płońsk, Congress Poland, Russian EmpireIsraeli Jewish, Polish Jewish[79] [80] [81]
3 November 1955 26 June 1963
Chaim WeizmannPresident of Israel Israel17 February 1949 9 November 1952Motal, Russian EmpireIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish[82] [83] [84]
Andrew CohenGovernor of UgandaUganda ProtectorateJanuary 19521957Berkhamsted, United KingdomBritish Jewish[85]
Yitzhak Ben-ZviPresident of Israel Israel16 December 1952 23 April 1963Poltava, Russian EmpireIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish[86] [87] [88] [89]
René MayerPrime Minister of France France8 January 1953 28 June 1953Paris, FranceFrench Jewish[90] [91] father
Moshe SharettPrime Minister of Israel Israel26 January 1954 3 November 1955Kherson, Russian EmpireIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish[92] [93] [94] [95] [96]
Pierre Mendès FrancePrime Minister of France France18 June 1954 23 February 1955Paris, FranceFrench Jewish, Portuguese Jewish[97] [98] [99]
David MarshallChief Minister of Singapore Singapore6 April 19557 June 1956Singapore, Straits SettlementsBaghdadi Jewish[100] [101]
Ernő GerőGeneral Secretary of the Hungarian Working People's Party18 July 195625 October 1956Terbegec, Austria-HungaryHungarian Jewish[102]
Roy WelenskyPrime Minister of the Federation of Rhodesia and NyasalandFederation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland2 November 195631 December 1963Salisbury, Southern RhodesiaLithuanian Jewish[103] [104] [105] father, identified as "half Jewish"
Michel DebréPrime Minister of France France8 January 195914 April 1962Paris, FranceAlsatian Jewish,[106] [107] [108] [109] raised Catholic[110] [111]
Zalman ShazarPresident of Israel Israel21 May 1963 24 May 1973Mir, Minsk Governorate, Russian EmpireIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish[112] [113] [114]
Levi Eshkol
Prime Minister of Israel Israel26 June 1963 26 February 1969Orativ, Russian EmpireIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish[115] [116] [117] [118]
Joshua HassanChief Minister of Gibraltar Gibraltar11 August 19646 August 1969GibraltarGibraltarian Jewish, Sephardic Jewish[119] [120] [121]
25 June 1972 8 December 1987
Max DelvallePresident of Panama PanamaApril 8, 1967 April 15, 1967Panama City, PanamaPanamanian Jewish,Portuguese Jewish[122] [123]
Yigal AllonActing Prime Minister of Israel Israel26 February 196917 March 1969Kfar Tavor, Occupied Enemy Territory AdministrationIsraeli Jewish, Belarusian Jewish[124] [125] [126]
Golda MeirPrime Minister of Israel Israel17 March 1969 3 June 1974Kyiv, Russian EmpireIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish[127] [128]
Bruno KreiskyChancellor of Austria Austria21 April 197024 May 1983Vienna, Austria-HungaryAustrian Jewish[129] [130] [131] [132]
Ephraim KatzirPresident of Israel Israel24 May 197324 May 1978Kyiv, Russian EmpireIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish[133] [134] [135]
Yitzhak RabinPrime Minister of Israel Israel3 June 1974 20 June 1977Jerusalem, Mandatory PalestineIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish[136] [137]
13 July 1992 4 November 1995
Menachem BeginPrime Minister of Israel Israel20 June 1977 10 October 1983Brest, Russian EmpireIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish[138] [139] [140] [141]
Sir Zelman CowenGovernor-General of Australia Australia8 December 1977 29 July 1982Melbourne, AustraliaAustralian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish[142] [143] [144] [145]
Yitzhak NavonPresident of Israel Israel24 May 1978 5 May 1983Jerusalem, Mandatory PalestineIsraeli Jewish, Turkish Jewish, Moroccan Jewish[146] [147] [148] [149]
Léon Kengo wa DondoPrime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo5 November 198231 October 1986Libenge, Belgian CongoPolish Jewish[150] [151] father
26 November 19884 May 1990
6 July 19942 April 1997
Chaim HerzogPresident of Israel Israel5 May 1983 13 May 1993Belfast, IrelandIsraeli Jewish, Irish Jewish
Yitzhak ShamirPrime Minister of Israel Israel10 October 1983 13 September 1984Ruzhinoy, Russian EmpireIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish[152] [153] [154] [155]
20 October 1986 13 July 1992
Laurent FabiusPrime Minister of France France17 July 198420 March 1986Paris, FranceFrench Jewish,[156] [157] [158] [159] parents converted to Catholicism and was raised Catholic[160]
Shimon Peres
Prime Minister of Israel Israel13 September 198420 October 1986Wiszniew, PolandIsraeli Jewish, Polish Jewish, Belarusian Jewish[161] [162] [163] [164]
22 November 199518 June 1996
President of Israel15 July 2007 14 July 2014
Eric Arturo DelvallePresident of Panama Panama28 September 1985 26 February 1988Panama City, PanamaPanamanian Jewish, Portuguese Jewish[165]
Henny EmanPrime Minister of Aruba Aruba1 January 19869 February 1989ArubaAruban Jewish[166] [167]
29 July 199430 October 2001
Petre RomanPrime Minister of Romania Romania26 December 19891 October 1991Bucharest, Kingdom of RomaniaHungarian Jewish[168] [169] [170] [171] [172] father, showed no interest in Jewish affairs and got married in a Romanian Orthodox wedding ceremony[173] [174] [175]
Ruth DreifussMember of Swiss Federal Council Switzerland10 March 1993 31 December 2002St. Gallen, SwitzerlandSwiss Jewish[176] [177] [178]
President of Switzerland1 January 1999 31 December 1999
Ezer WeizmanPresident of Israel Israel13 May 1993 13 July 2000Tel Aviv, Mandatory PalestineIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish
Efraín GoldenbergPrime Minister of Peru Peru17 February 1994 28 July 1995Lima, PeruPeruvian Jewish, Romanian Jewish[179]
Benjamin NetanyahuPrime Minister of Israel Israel18 June 1996 6 July 1999Tel Aviv, IsraelIsraeli Jewish, Polish Jewish[180] [181]
31 March 2009 13 June 2021
29 December 2022 Incumbent
Janet JaganPrime Minister of Guyana Guyana17 March 199719 December 1997Chicago, Illinois, United StatesGuyanese Jewish, American Jewish[182] [183] [184]
President of Guyana19 December 1997 11 August 1999
Sergey KiriyenkoPrime Minister of Russia23 March 199823 August 1998Sukhumi, Abkhaz ASSR, Georgian SSR, Soviet UnionRussian Jewish, Georgian Jewish[185]
Yevgeny PrimakovPrime Minister of Russia11 September 199812 May 1999Kiev, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet UnionRussian Jewish[186] [187] [188] [189] [190]
Ehud Barak
Prime Minister of Israel Israel6 July 1999 7 March 2001Mishmar HaSharon, Mandatory PalestineIsraeli Jewish, Lithuanian Jewish[191] [192]
Moshe KatsavPresident of Israel Israel1 August 20001 July 2007Yazd, IranIsraeli Jewish, Persian Jewish[193] [194]
Ariel Sharon
Prime Minister of Israel Israel7 March 2001 14 April 2006Kfar Malal, Mandatory PalestineIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Belarusian Jewish[195] [196] [197]
Ricardo MaduroPresident of Honduras Honduras27 January 2002 27 January 2006PanamaHonduran Jewish, Portuguese Jewish[198] [199] [200] [201] [202]
Zurab ZhvaniaPrime Minister of Georgia Georgia17 February 20043 February 2005Tbilisi, Georgian SSR, Soviet UnionArmenian Jewish[203]
Mikhail FradkovPrime Minister of Russia5 March 200414 September 2007Samara, Russian SFSR, Soviet UnionRussian Jewish[204] [205]
Pedro Pablo KuczynskiPrime Minister of Peru Peru16 August 200527 July 2006Lima, PeruGerman Jewish, Peruvian Jewish[206]
President of Peru28 July 2016 23 March 2018
Ehud OlmertPrime Minister of Israel Israel14 April 200631 March 2009Binyamina, Mandatory PalestineIsraeli Jewish, Russian Jewish, Ukrainian Jewish[207]
Yehude SimonPrime Minister of Peru Peru14 October 200811 July 2009Lima, PeruPeruvian Jewish[208]
John KeyPrime Minister of New Zealand New Zealand19 November 200812 December 2016Auckland, New ZealandAustrian Jewish[209] mother, he is agnostic and regularly attended church[210]
Jan FischerPrime Minister of the Czech Republic Czech Republic8 May 2009 13 July 2010Prague, CzechoslovakiaCzech Jewish[211] [212] [213]
Mike EmanPrime Minister of Aruba Aruba30 October 200917 November 2017Oranjestad, ArubaAruban Jewish[214] [215]
Salomón Lerner GhitisPrime Minister of Peru Peru28 July 201110 December 2011Lima, PeruPeruvian Jewish[216] [217] [218]
Reuven RivlinPresident of Israel Israel24 July 2014 7 July 2021Jerusalem, Mandatory PalestineIsraeli Jewish, Austrian Jewish[219]
Volodymyr GroysmanActing Prime Minister of Ukraine Ukraine25 July 201431 July 2014Ukrainian Jewish[220] [221] [222]
Prime Minister of Ukraine14 April 2016 29 August 2019
Volodymyr ZelenskyyPresident of Ukraine Ukraine20 May 2019 IncumbentKryvyi Rih, Ukrainian SSR, Soviet UnionUkrainian Jewish[223] [224]
Laurentino CortizoPresident of Panama1 July 20191 July 2024Panama City, PanamaGreek Jewish[225] [226] [227] [228] mother, but is a devout Roman Catholic[229] [230]
Egils LevitsPresident of Latvia Latvia8 July 20198 July 2023Riga, Latvian SSR, Soviet UnionLatvian Jewish[231] [232] [233] [234] father, does not identify as Jewish[235]
Sophie WilmèsPrime Minister of Belgium Belgium27 October 20191 October 2020Ixelles, Brussels, BelgiumBelgian Jewish[236] [237] [238] [239] [240]
Mikhail MishustinPrime Minister of Russia16 January 2020IncumbentLobnya, Russian SFSRRussian Jewish[241] [242] [243]
Naftali BennettPrime Minister of Israel Israel13 June 202130 June 2022Haifa, IsraelIsraeli Jewish, American Jewish[244] [245]
Isaac HerzogPresident of Israel Israel7 July 2021IncumbentTel Aviv, IsraelIsraeli Jewish, Irish Jewish[246] [247]
Élisabeth BornePrime Minister of France France16 May 20229 January 2024Paris, FranceFrench Jewish, Belgian Jewish, Polish Jewish[248] [249] [250] [251] [252]
Yair LapidPrime Minister of Israel Israel1 July 202222 December 2022Tel Aviv, IsraelIsraeli Jewish, Hungarian Jewish[253] [254]
Gabriel AttalPrime Minister of France France9 January 2024IncumbentClamart, FranceFrench Jewish, Tunisian Jewish[255] [256] [257]
Claudia SheinbaumPresident of Mexico Mexico1 October 2024Mexico City, MexicoLithuanian Jewish, Bulgarian Jewish[258] [259]

Heads of state and government with minor Jewish heritage

Some former head of states and government have smaller amounts of Jewish heritage. Boris Johnson, a former prime Minister of the United Kingdom whose maternal great-grandfather, Elias Avery Lowe, was a Moscow-born Jew born to a textile merchant,[260] said in a 2007 interview for the Jewish Chronicle, “I feel Jewish when I feel the Jewish people are threatened or under attack, that’s when it sort of comes out”. David Cameron, another former prime Minister of the United Kingdom, has referenced the German Jewish ancestry of one of his great-grandfathers, Arthur Levita, a descendant of the Yiddish author Elia Levita.[261] [262]

Another recent head of state of Jewish heritage is Nicolas Sarkozy, a former president of France. Sarkozy has a Greek Jewish grandfather who converted to Catholicism to marry his French Catholic maternal grandmother.[263] [264] He referred publicly to his Jewish grandfather.[265] Jorge Sampaio is a former president of Portugal whose maternal grandmother was a Sephardi Jew from Morocco.[266] Sampaio said that he is proud of his Jewish ancestry. Xavier Bettel who has served as the prime minister of Luxembourg since 2013 said he has a Polish Jewish grandfather.[267]

Helmut Schmidt, a former chancellor of West Germany from 1974 to 1982 also has Jewish ancestry.[268] His father was born to a German Jewish banker, Ludwig Gumpel, and a Christian waitress, Friederike Wenzel,[269] and then covertly adopted, although this was kept a family secret for many years.[270] Schmidt served in Hitler’s Wehrmacht, while managing to hide his Jewish roots from the Nazi regime.[271]

Although most head of states with Jewish ancestry come from Europe and Latin America, some are from other regions of the World. Laisenia Qarase, a former prime minister of Fiji, has Jewish ancestry.[272] Qarase's mother is the daughter of John Herman Ma’afu Bowman, who had Jewish parents, Alexander Bowman and Sara Annette.[273] [274] Another example is Carlos Veiga, a former prime minister of Cape Verde. He said in a 2018 interview: “my grandfather on my mother’s side was Jewish, who came to Cape Verde from Gibraltar in the mid-1840s. He died before I was born and his grave was lost”.[275]

Some head of states claims to have Jewish ancestry, although not confirmed. Mexican President Francisco I. Madero's family was widely thought to have been of Portuguese-Jewish heritage.[276] Nicolás Maduro who has served as the president of Venezuela since 2013 said that his "grandparents were Jewish, from a [Sephardic] Moorish background, and converted to Catholicism in Venezuela".[277] Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa who has served as the president of Portugal since 2016 claimed that his mother had Jewish ancestry.[278]

See also

Notes and References

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