List of Jewish Canadian politicians explained

This list comprises persons who belong to the Jewish faith, who have been elected to the federal House of Commons, legislative assemblies of provinces and territories, and members appointed to the Senate.

The first Jewish Canadian politician elected after Confederation was Henry Nathan Jr., elected as a Liberal MP to the House of Commons in a by-election in 1871. Both George Benjamin and Selim Franklin were elected in pre-Confederation Canada and are therefore not listed.

There have been 45 Jewish Canadians who have served as Members of Parliament, as well as 20 who have been named Senators. After the 2015 Canadian election, the highest number of Jews were elected to Parliament in history – with 7 MPs (2.1% of the House of Commons). Elected in the 2021 Canadian Federal Election, Melissa Lantsman became the ninth currently-serving Jewish MP. Of the current federal Jewish politicians, 6 are Liberals (6 MPs, 0 Senators), 3 are Conservatives (2 MPs, 1 Senators), 1 is a New Democrat (1 MP, 0 Senators) and two sit as Independent (2 Senators).

Provincially, Jews have been elected to 9 of the 13 legislatures – with only New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories and Nunavut never having Jewish representation. There are currently four Jews serving in three provincial legislatures. Of those members, three are Conservative (two Progressive Conservative, one United Conservative) and one is Liberal (one Quebec Liberal).

Federal

House of Commons

Member of Parliament			Riding	Took office	Left office	Party		Note
		Henry Nathan Jr. (1842–1914)	Victoria District			Liberal	^[1]
		Samuel William Jacobs (1871–1938)	Cartier			Liberal	^[2]
		Abraham Albert Heaps (1885–1954)	Winnipeg North			CCF	^[3]	Winnipeg City Councillor (1917–1925), founding member of the CCF (1932), previously Labour/Ginger Group (1925–1932)
		Samuel Factor (1892–1962)	Spadina			Liberal	^[4]	Toronto City Councillor (1926–1928)
		Peter Bercovitch (1879–1942)	Cartier			Liberal	^[5]	Quebec MNA (1916–1938)
		Fred Rose (1907–1983)	Cartier			Labor-Progressive	^[6]
		David Croll (1900–1991)	Spadina			Liberal	^[7]	Mayor of Windsor (1931–1934, 1939–1940) Ontario MPP (1934–1943) Senator (1955–1991)
		Maurice Hartt (1895–1950)	Cartier			Liberal	^[8]	Quebec MLA (1939–1947)
		Leon Crestohl (1900–1963)	Cartier			Liberal	^[9]
		Herb Gray (1931–2014)	Windsor West			Liberal	^[10]	Leader of the Opposition (1990) Deputy Prime Minister (1997–2002) Solicitor General (1993–1997) President of the Treasury Board (1982–1984) Minister of Industry (1980–1982) Minister of Consumer Affairs (1972–1974) Minister of National Revenue (1970–1972)
		David Lewis (1909–1981)	York South			NDP	^[11]	Leader of the NDP (1971–1975)
		David Orlikow (1918–1998)	Winnipeg North			NDP	^[12]	Manitoba MLA (1958–1962) Winnipeg School Trustee (1945–1950) Winnipeg City Councillor (1951–1958)
		Marvin Gelber (1912–1990)	York South			Liberal	^[13]
		Milton L. Klein (1910–2007)	Cartier			Liberal	^[14]
		Max Saltsman (1921–1985)	Waterloo—Cambridge			NDP	^[15]
		Barney Danson (1921–2011)	York North			Liberal	^[16]
		Bob Kaplan (1936–2012)	York Centre			Liberal	^[17]	Solicitor General (1980–1984)
		Jack Marshall (1919–2004)	Humber—St. George's—St. Barbe			Conservative	^[18]	Senator (1978–1994)
		Simma Holt (1922–2015)	Vancouver Kingsway			Liberal	^[19]
		David Berger (born 1950)	Saint-Henri—Westmount			Liberal	^[20]
		Sheila Finestone (1927–2009)	Mount Royal			Liberal	^[21]	Minister for Multiculturalism (1993–1996) / Minister for Status of Women (1993–1996) / Senator (1999–2002)
		Gerry Weiner (born 1933)	Pierrefonds—Dollard			Conservative	^[22]	Mayor of Dollard-des-Ormeaux (1982–1984) Minister of Multiculturalism and Citizenship (1991–1993)
		Dave Barrett (1930–2018)	Esquimalt—Juan de Fuca			NDP	^[23]	Premier of British Columbia (1972–1975) British Columbia MLA (1960–1984)
		Elinor Caplan (born 1944)	Thornhill			Liberal	^[24]	Minister of Citizenship & Immigration (1999–2002) Minister of National Revenue (2002–2003) Ontario MPP (1985–1997) North York City Councillor (1978–1981)
		Raymonde Folco (born 1940)	Laval—Les Îles	May 1, 2011		Liberal	^[25]
		Richard Marceau (born 1970)	Charlesbourg			Bloc Quebecois	^[26]
		Jacques Saada (born 1947)	Brossard—La Prairie			Liberal	^[27]	Government House Leader (2003–2004) Minister of Democratic Reform (2003–2004) Minister for La Francophonie (2004–2006) Minister for Economic Development (Quebec) (2004–2006)
		Irwin Cotler (born 1940)	Mount Royal			Liberal	^[28]	Minister of Justice (2003–2006)
		Anita Neville (born 1942)	Winnipeg South Centre			Liberal	^[29]
		Susan Kadis (born 1953)	Thornhill			Liberal	^[30]
		Tony Clement (born 1961)	Parry Sound-Muskoka			Conservative	^[31]	Ontario MPP and Provincial Cabinet Minister (1995–2003) Minister of Health (2006–2008) Minister of Industry (2008–2011) President of the Treasury Board (2011–2015)
		Mark Adler (born 1963)	York Centre			Conservative	^[32]
		Joe Oliver	Eglinton—Lawrence			Conservative	^[33]	Minister of Natural Resources (2011–2014) Minister of Finance (2014–2015)
		Jim Carr (1951–2022)	Winnipeg South Centre			Liberal	^[34]	Minister of Natural Resources (2015–current) Manitoba MLA (1988–1992)
		Julie Dabrusin (born 1971)	Toronto—Danforth		Incumbent	Liberal	^[35]
		Karina Gould (born 1987)	Burlington		Incumbent	Liberal	^[36]	Minister of Democratic Institutions (2016–current)
		David de Burgh Graham (born 1981)	Laurentides—Labelle			Liberal	^[37]
		Anthony Housefather (born 1971)	Mount Royal		Incumbent	Liberal	^[38]	Mayor of Côte Saint-Luc (2005–2015) Côte Saint-Luc City Councillor (1994–2005) Hampstead Town Councillor (1988–1994)
		Michael Levitt	York Centre		September 1, 2020	Liberal	^[39]
		Dan Ruimy (born 1962)	Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge			Liberal	^[40]
		Rachel Bendayan (born 1979)	Outremont		Incumbent	Liberal	^[41]
		Marty Morantz (born 1962)	Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley		Incumbent	Conservative		Winnipeg City Councillor (2014–2018)
		Leah Gazan (born 1971 or 1972)	Winnipeg Centre		Incumbent	NDP	^[42]
		Ya'ara Saks (born 1973)	York Centre	October 26, 2020	Incumbent	Liberal
		Melissa Lantsman (born 1984)	Thornhill		Incumbent	Conservative
		Ben Carr (born 1986)	Winnipeg South Centre		Incumbent	Liberal	^[43]

Senate

Senator			Province	Took office	Left office	Party		Note
		David Croll (1900–1991)	Ontario			Liberal		Federal MP (1945–1955)
		Lazarus Phillips (1895–1986)	Quebec			Liberal	^[44]
		Carl Goldenberg (1907–1996)	Quebec			Liberal	^[45]
		Jack Austin (born 1932)	British Columbia			Liberal	^[46]	Leader of the Government in the Senate (2003–2006) Minister for Social Development (1982–1984)
		Jack Marshall (1919–2004)	Newfoundland and Labrador			Conservative	^[47]	Federal MP (1968–1978)
		Nathan Nurgitz (1934–2019)	Manitoba			Conservative	^[48]	West Kildonan Alderman (1963–1969)
		Leo Kolber (1929–2020)	Quebec			Liberal	^[49]
		Jerry Grafstein (born 1935)	Ontario			Liberal	^[50]
		Mira Spivak (born 1934)	Manitoba			Independent	^[51]	Conservative Senator (1986–2004)
		Ron Ghitter (born 1935)	Alberta			Conservative	^[52]
		Erminie Cohen (born 1926)	New Brunswick			Conservative	^[53]
		Richard Kroft (born 1938)	Manitoba			Liberal	^[54]
		Sheila Finestone (1927–2009)	Quebec			Liberal		Federal MP (1984–1999)
		Yoine Goldstein (born 1934)	Quebec			Liberal	^[55]
		Hugh Segal (born 1950)	Ontario			Conservative	^[56]
		Irving Gerstein (born 1941)	Quebec			Conservative	^[57]
		Linda Frum (born 1963)	Ontario		August 27, 2021	Conservative	^[58]
		Judith Seidman (born 1950)	Quebec		Incumbent	Conservative	^[59]
		Marc Gold (born 1950)	Quebec		Incumbent	Independent	^[60]
		Paula Simons (born 1964)	Alberta		Incumbent	Independent	^[61]

Provincial

Alberta

Member of Legislative Assembly			Riding	Took office	Left office	Province		Note
		Ron Ghitter (born 1935)	Calgary Buffalo			Conservative	^[62]
		Sheldon Chumir (1940–1992)	Calgary-Buffalo			Liberal	^[63]
		Karen Leibovici (born 1952)	Edmonton Meadowlark			Liberal	^[64]
		Stephen Mandel (born 1945)	Edmonton-Whitemud			Conservative	^[65]	Minister of Health (2014–2015) Edmonton City Councillor (2001–2004) Mayor of Edmonton (2004–2013)
		Richard Gotfried (born 1958)	Calgary-Fish Creek		Incumbent	Conservative	^[66]
		Ricardo Miranda (born 1976)	Calgary-Cross			NDP	^[67]

British Columbia

Member of Legislative Assembly			Riding	Took office	Left office	Province		Note
		Dave Barrett (1930–2018)	Dewdney			NDP		Premier of British Columbia (1972–1975) Federal MP (1988–1993)
			Coquitlam
			Vancouver East
		David Chudnovsky (born 1949)	Vancouver-Kensington			NDP	^[68]
		Judy Darcy (born 1949)	New Westminster			NDP	^[69]	Minister of Mental Health and Addictions of British Columbia (2017–2020)
		George Heyman	Vancouver-Fairview		Incumbent	NDP	^[70]	Minister of Environment and Climate Change Strategy (2017–present)
		Selina Robinson	Coquitlam-Maillardville		Incumbent	Independent	^[71] ^[72]	Minister of Post-Secondary Education and Future Skills (2022–2024) Minister of Finance (2020–2022) Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing (2017–2020)

Manitoba

Member of Legislative Assembly			Riding	Took office	Left office	Province		Note
		Solomon Hart Green (1885–1969)	Winnipeg North			Liberal
		William Tobias (1892–1941)	Winnipeg			Conservative
		Marcus Hyman (1883–1938)	Winnipeg			Independent Labour
		Morris Gray (1889–1966)	Inkster			NDP		Winnipeg Alderman (1930–1942)
		David Orlikow (1918–1998)	St. Johns			NDP		Manitoba MP (1962–1988) Winnipeg School Trustee (1945–1950) Winnipeg City Councillor (1951–1958)
		Saul Cherniack (1917–2018)	St. Johns			NDP		Minister of Finance (1969–1972, 1973–1975) Winnipeg City Councillor (1959–1962)
		Maitland Steinkopf (1912–1970)	River Heights			Conservative		Minister for Public Utilities (1963–1964)
		Sidney Green (born 1929)	Inkster			Progressive		Minister of Health (1969) Minister of Natural Resources (1969–1972) Minister of Urban Affairs (1971–1972) Minister for Manitoba Development (1973–1977) NDP MLA (1966–1979) Winnipeg City Councillor (1962–1965)
		Saul Miller (1917–1993)	Seven Oaks			NDP		Minister of Colleges and University Affairs (1971–1973) Minister of Urban Affairs (1973–1974), (1974–1976) Minister of Health and Social Development (1974–1974) Minister of Finance (1976–1977)
		Sidney Spivak (1928–2002)	River Heights			Conservative		Manitoba PC Leader (1971–1975) Minister of Industry and Commerce (1966–1969) Minister of Government Services (1978–1979)
		Cy Gonick (born 1936)	Crescentwood			NDP
		Izzy Asper (1932–2003)	Wolseley			Liberal	^[73]	Leader of the Manitoba Liberals (1970–1975)
		Marty Dolin (born 1939)	Kildonan			NDP
		Jim Carr (1951–2022)	Crescentwood			Liberal		Deputy Leader of the Manitoba Liberals (1988–1992) Federal MP (2015–current)

Nova Scotia

Member of Legislative Assembly			Riding	Took office	Left office	Province		Note
		Percy Gaum (1915–1994)	Cape Breton North			PC	^[77]
		Howard Epstein (born 1949)	Halifax Chebucto			NDP	^[78]	Halifax City Councillor (1994–1998)

Ontario

Member of Provincial Parliament			Riding	Took office	Left office	Province		Note
		Ephraim Frederick Singer (1889–1953)	St. Andrew			PC	^[79]
		David Croll (1900–1991)	Windsor—Walkerville			Liberal		Mayor of Windsor (1931–1934, 1939–1940) Federal MP (1945–1955) Senator (1955–1991)
		John Judah Glass (1895–1973)	St. Andrew			Liberal	^[80]
		J. B. Salsberg (1902–1998)	St. Andrew			Labor-Progressive	^[81]
		Allan Grossman (1910–1991)	St. Andrew—St. Patrick			PC	^[82]	Minister of Reform Institutions (1963–1968) Minister of Correctional Services (1968–1971) Minister of Trade (1971–1972) Minister of Revenue (1972–1974)
		Vernon Singer (1930–2018)	York Centre			Liberal	^[83]
			Downsview
			Wilson Heights
		Stephen Lewis (born 1937)	Scarborough West			NDP	^[84]	Ontario NDP Leader (1970–1978) Leader of the Opposition (1975–1977)
		Morton Shulman (1925–2000)	High Park			NDP	^[85]
		Larry Grossman (1943–1997)	St. Andrew—St. Patrick			PC	^[86]	Ontario PC Leader (1985–1987) Minister of Consumer Relations (1977–1978) Minister of Industry (1978–1982) Minister of Health (1982–1983) Minister of Economics (1983–1985) Minister of Education (1985)
		Stuart Lyon Smith (born 1938)	Hamilton West			Liberal	^[87]	Liberal Party Leader (1976–1982)
		David Rotenberg (born 1930)	Wilson Heights			Liberal	^[88]	Minister of Urban Affairs (1985)
		Elinor Caplan (born 1944)	Oriole			Liberal	^[89]	Minister of Government Services (1985–1986) Minister of Health (1987–1990) Federal MP (1997–2004)
		Monte Kwinter (born 1931)	York Centre			Liberal	^[90]	Minister of Consumer Relations (1985–1987) Minister of Financial Institutions (1986–1987) Minister of Community Safety (2003–2007)
		Chaviva Hošek (born 1946)	Oakwood			Liberal	^[91]	Minister of Housing (1987–1989)
		Charles Harnick (born 1950)	Willowdale			PC	^[92]	Attorney General & Minister Responsible for Native Affairs (1995–1999)
		Steve Owens (1956–2016)	Scarborough Centre			NDP	^[93]	Minister for Education and Training (1994–1995)
		Tony Clement (born 1961)	Brampton West—Mississauga Brampton South (1995–1999)			PC		Canadian MP and Cabinet Minister (2006–2019) Minister of Transportation (1997–1999) Minister of Environment (1999–2000) Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing (1999–2001) Minister of Health and Long-Term Care (2001–2003)
		David Caplan (born 1964)	Don Valley East			Liberal	^[94]	Minister of Infrastructure (2003–2008) Minister of Health (2008–2009)
		Peter Shurman (born 1947)	Thornhill			PC	^[95]
		Jonah Schein (born 1974)	Davenport			NDP	^[96]
		Gila Martow (born 1961)	Thornhill		May 3, 2022	PC	^[97]
		Roman Baber (born 1980)	York Centre		May 3, 2022	Independent Progressive Conservative (until January 15, 2021)
		Rima Berns-McGown	Beaches—East York		May 3, 2022	NDP
		Andrea Khanjin (born 1987)	Barrie—Innisfil		Incumbent	PC		Minister of Environment, Conservation and Parks (2023–present)
		Michael Kerzner	York Centre	June 2, 2022	Incumbent	PC		Solicitor General (2022–present)

Quebec

Member of National Assembly			Riding	Took office	Left office	Province		Note
		Peter Bercovitch (1879–1942)	Montréal–Saint-Louis			Liberal	^[98]	Federal MP (1938–1942)
		Joseph Cohen (1891–1973)	Montréal–Saint-Laurent			Liberal	^[99]
		Maurice Hartt (1895–1950)	Montréal–Saint-Louis			Liberal	^[100]	Federal MP (1947–1950)
		Harry Blank (born 1925)	Saint-Louis			Liberal	^[101]
		Victor Goldbloom (1923–2016)	D'Arcy-McGee			Liberal	^[102]	Minister of Municipal Affairs (1973–1976)
		Robert Libman (born 1960)	D'Arcy-McGee			Independent	^[103]	Leader of the Equality Party (1989–1994) Equality Party MNA (1989–1994)
		Lawrence Bergman (born 1940)	D'Arcy-McGee			Liberal	^[104]
		Russell Copeman (born 1960)	Notre-Dame-de-Grâce			Liberal	^[105]
		David Birnbaum (born 1956)	D'Arcy-McGee		Incumbent	Liberal	^[106]

Yukon

See also

• List of Canadian Jews
• List of electoral firsts in Canada
• List of visible minority politicians in Canada
• List of Indigenous Canadian politicians

Notes and References

1. Web site: Henry Nathan Jr.. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
2. Web site: Samuel William Jacobs. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
3. Web site: Abraham Albert Heaps. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
4. Web site: Samuel Factor. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
5. Web site: Peter Bercovitch. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
6. Web site: Fred Rose. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
7. Web site: David Arnold Croll . Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada . Parliament of Canada.
8. Web site: Maurice Hartt. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
9. Web site: Leon Crestohl. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
10. Web site: Herb Gray. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
11. Web site: David Lewis. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
12. Web site: David Orlikow. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
13. Web site: Marvin Gelber. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
14. Web site: Milton L. Klein. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
15. Web site: Max Saltsman. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
16. Web site: Barney Danson. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
17. Web site: Bob Kaplan. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
18. Web site: Jack Marshall. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
19. Web site: Simma Holt. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
20. Web site: David Berger. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
21. Web site: Sheila Finestone. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
22. Web site: Gérard (Gerry) Weiner. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
23. Web site: Dave Barrett. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
24. Web site: Elinor Caplan. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
25. Web site: Raymonde Folco . Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada . Parliament of Canada.
26. Web site: Richard Marceau. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
27. Web site: Jacques Saada. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
28. Web site: Irwin Cotler. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
29. Web site: Anita Neville. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
30. Web site: Susan Kadis. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
31. News: Levy-Ajzenkopf. Andy. March 23, 2011. Industry minister is halachically Jewish. The Canadian Jewish news. dead. July 2, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20170821004208/http://www.cjnews.com/news/industry-minister-halachically-jewish. August 21, 2017.
32. Web site: Mark Adler. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
33. Web site: Joe Oliver. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
34. Web site: Jim Carr. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
35. Web site: Julie Dabrusin. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
36. Web site: Karina Gould. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
37. Web site: David Graham. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
38. Web site: Anthony Housefather. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
39. Web site: Michael Levitt. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
40. Web site: Dan Ruimy. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
41. Web site: Rachel Bendayan. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
42. Web site: Three MP's with Jewish roots elected in Manitoba. www.jewishpostandnews.ca. 2019-11-10.
43. Web site: Ben Carr. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
44. Web site: Lazarus Phillips. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
45. Web site: Carl Goldenberg. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
46. Web site: Jack Austin. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
47. Web site: Jack Marshall. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
48. Web site: Nathan Nurgitz. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
49. Web site: Leo Kolber. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
50. Web site: Jerry Grafstein. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
51. Web site: Mira Spivak. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
52. Web site: Ron Ghitter. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
53. Web site: Erminie Cohen. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
54. Web site: Richard Kroft. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
55. Web site: Yoine Goldstein. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
56. Web site: Hugh Segal. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
57. Web site: Irving Gerstein. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
58. Web site: Linda Frum. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
59. Web site: Judith Seidman. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
60. Web site: Marc Gold. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
61. Web site: Paula Simons. Parliament of Canada. Biographical Directory of the Parliament of Canada.
62. Web site: Ron Ghitter. Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.
63. Web site: Chumir, Sheldon - Alberta On Record . 2023-09-03 . albertaonrecord.ca.
64. Web site: Karen Leibovici. Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.
65. Web site: Stephen Mandel. Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.
66. Web site: Richard Gotfried. Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.
67. Web site: Ricardo Miranda. Legislative Assembly of Alberta. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta.
68. Web site: David Chudnovsky. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
69. Web site: Judy Darcy. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
70. https://www.jewishindependent.ca/cabinet-appointments/
71. https://www.jewishindependent.ca/cabinet-appointments/
72. https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/selina-robinson-resigns-1.7136089
73. Web site: Israel Asper. Asper Foundation. Biography of Israel Asper.
74. Web site: Tom Marshall sworn in as interim premier for Newfoundland and Labrador Globalnews.ca . . https://web.archive.org/web/20220601221818/https://globalnews.ca/news/1104920/tom-marshall-sworn-in-as-interim-premier-for-newfoundland-and-labrador/ . 2022-06-01 . live .
75. Book: Normandin, Pierre G . Canadian Parliamentary Guide . 1964.
76. News: The byelection prospects . Star-Phoenix . Saskatoon . February 1, 1966 . 11 . 2012-07-28.
77. Web site: Percy Gaum. Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Nova Scotia.
78. Web site: Howard Epstein. Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia.
79. https://www.ola.org/en/members/all/ephraim-frederick-singer Ephraim Frederick Singer
80. Web site: John Judah Glass. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
81. Web site: J. B Salsberg. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
82. Web site: Ephraim Singer. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
83. Web site: Vernon Singer. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
84. Web site: Stephen Lewis. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
85. Web site: Morton Shulman. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
86. Web site: Larry Grossman. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
87. Web site: Stuart Smith. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
88. Web site: David Rotenberg. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
89. Web site: Elinor Caplan. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
90. Web site: Monte Kwinter. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
91. Web site: Chaviva Hosek. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
92. Web site: Charles Harnick. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
93. Web site: Steve Owens. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
94. Web site: David Caplan. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
95. Web site: Peter Shurman. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
96. Web site: Jonah Schein. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
97. Web site: Gila Martow. Legislative Assembly of Ontario. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario.
98. Web site: Peter Bercovitch. National Assembly of Quebec. Biographical Directory of the National Assembly of Quebec.
99. Web site: Joseph Cohen. National Assembly of Quebec. Biographical Directory of the National Assembly of Quebec.
100. Web site: Maurice Hartt. National Assembly of Quebec. Biographical Directory of the National Assembly of Quebec.
101. Web site: Harry Blank. National Assembly of Quebec. Biographical Directory of the National Assembly of Quebec.
102. Web site: Victor Goldbloom. National Assembly of Quebec. Biographical Directory of the National Assembly of Quebec.
103. Web site: Robert Libman. National Assembly of Quebec. Biographical Directory of the National Assembly of Quebec.
104. Web site: Lawrence S. Bergman. National Assembly of Quebec. Biographical Directory of the National Assembly of Quebec.
105. Web site: Russell Copeman. National Assembly of Quebec. Biographical Directory of the National Assembly of Quebec.
106. Web site: David Birnbaum. National Assembly of Quebec. Biographical Directory of the National Assembly of Quebec.
107. Web site: Arthur Mitchell. Yukon Legislative Assembly. Biographical Directory of the Legislative Assembly of Yukon.