Janata Dal was formed through the merger of Janata Party factions, the Lok Dal, Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) and the Jan Morcha under the leadership of V. P. Singh on 11 October 1988 on the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan.[1] [2]
By 1996 Indian general election Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, largely regional parties Biju Janata Dal, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal (Secular) and Janata Dal (United).[3]
Some of the breakaway organisations have thrived as independent parties, some have become defunct, while others have merged with the parent party or other political parties.
| Year | Party | Founder | Region | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | Abolished | ||||
| 1990 | Abolished | ||||
| 1990 | Merged with the Indian National Congress in the early 1990s | ||||
| 1992 | Active | ||||
| 1994 | Active now led by Uday Mandal.[4] [5] | ||||
| 1997 | Active | ||||
| 1997 | Active | ||||
| 1997 | Active | ||||
| 1998 | Merged with Janata Dal (United) | ||||
| 1998 | Active | ||||
| 1999 | Active | ||||
| 2000 | Split into two Factions | ||||
| 2003 | Janata Dal (United) | Active | |||
| 2009 | Merged with the Indian National Congress | ||||
| 2010 | Socialist Janata (Democratic) | Merged with Janata Dal (United) on 29 December 2014 | |||
| 2013 | Merged with Janata Dal (United) on 14 March 2021 | ||||
| 2014 | Active | ||||
| 2015 | Active | ||||
| 2015 | Merged with Indian National Congress | ||||
| 2018 | Merged with Samajwadi Party | ||||
| 2018 | Active | ||||
| 2018 | |||||
| 2021 | Active | ||||
| 2021 | Active | ||||
| 2023 | Active party renamed as Rashtriya Lok Morcha in 2024 |